CLUES ABOUT EVOLUTION
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Transcript of CLUES ABOUT EVOLUTION
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CLUES ABOUT EVOLUTION
Mr. Rethman
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I CAN’S
• I can identify the importance of fossils as evidence of evolution.
• I can explain how relative and radiometric dating is used to estimate the age of fossils.
• I can list examples of five types of evidence for evolution.
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INDIRECT EVIDENCE FOR EVOLUTION
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Clues from Fossils
• Paleontologists – scientists who study the past by collecting and examining fossils.
• Plants and Animals covered with silt and mud• Green River Formation in Wyoming, Utah, and
Colorado – one of the richest fossil deposits in the world.
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Types of Fossils
• Fossil – remains or imprint or trace of a prehistoric organism
• Found in Sedimentary Rock with layers of silt, sand, clay, mud compacted or when minerals are deposited.
• Examples of rock include: limestone, sandstone, and shale.
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Determining Fossil Age
• Relative Dating– Idea of undisturbed areas– Younger rock on top of older rock layers
Compare the ages of rock
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Radiometric Dating
• Estimate age of rock using radioactive elements
• Compare the amount of radioactive element with the amount of nonradioactive element in rock.
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Embryology
• Study of embryos and their development
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Homologous Structures
• Body parts in the same origin and structure
• Also, similar in function
• Indicate more species share common ancestors
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Homologous Structures
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Vestigial Structures
• Structures with no function
• Example: Manatees, snakes, and whales no longer have back legs but still have pelvic bones.
• Human appendix – helpful for digestion
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DNA
• Molecule that directs heredity• Found on genes that make up chromosomes• Dogs close relatives of bears• Apes, gorillas, and chimps = 24 pairs of
chromosomes• Humans = 23 pairs • Match in chromosome # 2• Similar proteins found – such as hemoglobin –
found in red blood cells
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DIRECT EVIDENCE FOR EVOLUTION
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Direct Evidence
• Antibiotic Resistance• Pesticide Resistance• Genetic Changes in Plants
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Evolution of Primates
• Group of Mammals with:– Humans– Apes– Monkeys
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I CAN….
• I can describe the differences among living primates
• Identify the adaptations of primates• Discuss the evolutionary history of modern
primates
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Characteristics of Primates
• Opposable thumbs – grasp and hold things• Binocular vision – judge distance• Flexible shoulders - swimming
• Indicate all share a common ancestor
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Two groups of Primates
• Strepsirhines
• Lemurs• Tarsiers
• Haplorhines
• Monkeys• Apes• Humans
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Hominids
• 4-6 million years ago• Both plant and animal eating• Walked upright on two legs…bipedal
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African Origins
• 1920 – fossil skull found in South Africa• Small brain• Humanlike jaw and teeth• Australopithecus – oldest hominid• “Lucy” – full skeleton found in 1974. – Found to be 2.9 to 3.4 million years old
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Homo Habilis “Handy Man”
• Simple stones found near him• 1.5 to 2 million years old• Gave rise to Homo Erectus – larger brain• Traveled from Africa to Southeast Asia and
Europe
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Homo Sapiens “wise human”
• 400,000 years ago
• 125,000 – two groups lived Neanderthals and Cro-Magnon humans
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Neanderthals
• Short, heavy bodies with thick bones• Small chins• Heavy browridges• Lived in caves• Well-made stone tools• Disappeared 30,000 yrs ago• Side branch of evolution – not direct ancestors
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Cro-Magnon Humans
• Found in Europe, Asia, and Australia• 10,000 to 40,000 years ago• Stood 1.6 or 1.7 m high• Lived in Caves• Made Stone Carvings• Buried their dead
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• Modern Human – Homo Sapiens sapiens evolved from Homo Sapiens