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Transcript of Clueless to journal publishing
LOGO
Academic Writing and Statistics
ldquoIf you dont have time to read
you dont have the time
(or the tools) to write
Simple as thatrdquo
― Stephen King
Structure
I Thinking andpreparing the article
II Writing the paper
III Editing thematerial
Decisionsdecisions
What
bull Article
bull Lit Review
bull Thesis
Where
bull Journal
bull Conference
bull Thesis defence
About what
bull Own results
bull Overview
bull Contradict
How
bull Clear
bull Concise
bull Simple
Overview of the Writing Process
Narrow down a
topic for the article
Determine what type of
article to write
Select a journal to submit the
article
Write the
article
Submit the
articleReview
Re-submit article
Choosing a theme
Working Title
Choose theme
Study
Narrow theme
More study
The Writing Process in numbers
bull 1 Prewriting (70)
bull 2 Writing the first draft (10)
bull 3 Revision (20)
First draft
Revising
Pre-writing
Choosing a topic- Example
bull Crisis
bull Prediction
Business
cycle
bull Synchronization
bull Dynamic equations
bull Use GDP
Studybull The dynamic
estimation of business cycle transmission between US and the Euro area
Working title
bull ldquoIdeas are like rabbits You
get a couple and learn how
to handle them and pretty
soon you have a dozenrdquo
― John Steinbeck
Documentation
bull Databases for literature review
Free databases
bull Google Scholar
bull Directory of Open Access Journals
bull NO WIKIPEDIA
Institutional subscribtion
bull Elsevier
bull Sage
bull JSTOR
bull Springer
bull Thomson Reutersrsquo Web of Knowledge
bull Taylor amp Francis
bull Wiley-Blackwell
Payed
bull EMBASE
bull Project Muse
bull Science Direct
bull Ulrichrsquos Directory
Documentation- Tips and Tricks
Articles
bull Google scholar account-daily notifications free articles on your theme
bull All versions ndash early (free) versions of a payed article
Books
bull Libgenorg
bull Google books
Organize information
bull Theme variables methods chronological
bull Make a table with articlesbooks you have
read
bull Use JabRef (or other referencing software)
bull Use Wordrsquos Masterlist option to build a
bibliography list for future use
Organize information- Examples
bull MS-Word Masterlist
Get Data
bull Questionnaires
bull Databases (Choose only institutional DB)
Compute results
State hypothesis
Verify hypothesis
Applydevelop models
Test models (inout of sample)
Save results draw graphs
Compute results
Statistic tools
MS Excel
SPSS
EViewsR
MATLAB
USER
FRIENDLY
General
Purpose
CODE
Specific
toolboxes
Wrapping up
Lit Review
Articles
Table withideas
Database
Raw data
Data sources
Results
Numbers
Tables
Graphs (high quality)
Templates
from selected journals
Article folder
Selecting a journal
bull Check that your article would fit with
the Aims amp Scope of the journal
bull Check whether the journal is by invitation
only ndash some journals only publish invited
articles
bull Check that the publication options of the
journal meet your needs (ISI BDI)
bull SUBMIT ONLY TO ONE JOURNAL
AT A TIME
Selecting a journal
bull Check the Guide for Authors-types of
articles published acceptable language
and article length
bull Read the abstracts of recent publications
to find current hot topics
bull Articles in your References section may
also lead to the right journal
bull Use automated abstract matching tools
(only if you have already an abstract)
Selecting a journal- International
Review Speed
The average number of weeks it takes for an
article to pass through the review process for this
journal We have selected two key points
1 From manuscript submission to the initial
decision on the article
2 From manuscript submission to the final
decision to accept
Impact factor
It is a measure of the number
of times an average paper in a
particular journal is cited
during the preceding two
years
ISI Journals larr HOT LINK
Selecting a journal- Romania
bull Romanian ISI Jornals-
Economicsbull AMFITEATRU ECONOMIC
bull ECONOMIC COMPUTATION
AND ECONOMIC
CYBERNETICS STUDIES AND
RESEARCH
bull REVISTA DE CERCETARE SI
INTERVENTIE SOCIALA
bull ROMANIAN JOURNAL OF
ECONOMIC FORECASTING
bull TRANSYLVANIAN REVIEW OF
ADMINISTRATIVE SCIENCES
bull Romanian BDI (B+)
Journals
REBS
CES Working Papers
ECTAP
Add your text in here
Add your text in here
Article structure
Title
Abstract
Introduction
Methodology
Results
Conclusions
Hot Tip
New article structure
Literaturereview
Methods
Results
Introduction
Conclusions
Abstract
Fancy title
Referencelist
Literature review
2 Reasons
Not re-inventing the
wheel
Position yourcurrent
research
Structure of LR
Introduction
bull Generalization
bull Widely known information
bull OR
bull State controversy
Main body
bull Presentpreviousworks
bull Choose an order
bull Use linkages
Endingremarks
bull Summarisethe mainfindings
bull Position yourpaper
Examples
bull In the last two or three decades the emphasis put on the
process of economic globalization has shifted the
analysisrsquo focus towards an international level
bull The international literature focused mainly on analyzing
the GDP as an absolute variable or as a growth rate
(Krolzig 2003) (Li amp Liu 2004) and its connections with
hellip proposed by Frankel and Rose (1998) further
developed by Imbs (2004)
bull As a general remark the IL considers that the complex
process of economic globalization should bring a higher
degree of business cycles synchronization
Good vs Bad
bull Remember the
purpose
bull Read about purpose
bull Write within the
purpose
bull Try to read everything
bull Read but not write
bull Not keeping
bibliographic
information
bull Try to include almost
everything
bull Give to many details
A PHRASE IN NEED
A FRIEND INDEED
httpwwwphrasebankmanche
steracuksourceshtm
Google search - phrasebank
GENERAL RULE
Methodology and or methods
Methodology
bull The study of a
single or multiple
methods
Methods
bull Ways instruments
procedures
employed to
complete the
research objectives
Empirical approach
1bull Population Sample
2
bull Data
bull Variables
3bull Methods
Population and Sample
bull ldquoThe research
population is
represented by all
the European
states rdquo
bull ldquo out of which we
have selected a
number of 24
European Union
members and 6
neighbouring
countries of the EUrdquo
Very very important
Mention if you have excluded
a number of entities from the
sample and motivate why
bull ldquoSome entities were deliberately excluded
from this analysis either on lack of relevant
data or a very different economical situation
leading to outliersrdquo
Data and variables
Source
Description
of data
Mention the
calculus method
Data Variables
Data and datum
Datum = noun singular form
Data = noun plural form
DATAS - Pieces of Data
Do not try to
dribble the
English grammar
Methods section
bull Explain how you have studied the research hypotheses
issues problems etc
bull Identify and structure logically the procedures employed
New method
bull Give precise and correct details
Previously published method
bull Name and cite it
Mathematical method
bull Include the formula
Results amp Discussions
bull Present results in a clear logical
sequence
bull Link findings to the aim of the article
bull WHATrsquoS NEW
bull Discuss findings by reffering to existing
literature
bull Possible implications
bull Also report uncertainties
bull DO NOT SPECULATE JUST REPORT
Results amp Discussions
bull Use tables and figures to support your arguments
bull Provide captions and legends for all your figures and tables
bull Use measure units where appropriate
bull NEVER USE RAW DATA
bull Be parsimonious about tables and figures
bull Never duplicate (same information both in table and in figure)
Results- Statistical issues
1 Descriptive analysis of the variables and
checking assumptions- to check for correctness of the data
- to acquire a feel for the raw data so that you recognize unusual
outcomes in your results
- to check whether the assumptions of the main analysis technique
have been fulfilled to a reasonable level
- to detect and explain of missing data or subjects with unusual
data
Dependent variables Independent
variables
Reporting statistics
bull MeanStandard
Deviation and
percentages are most
clearly presented in
parenthesesldquoThe sample as a whole was
relatively young (M = 1922 SD =
345)rdquo ƒ
bull Never report the
significance level as
p =0000 correct is
p lt0001
bull Chi-square -degrees
of freedom and
sample size in
parentheses followed
by chi-square statistic
(round to two decimal
places) and the
significance level
bull ldquoThe proportion of older male
teachers was 086 whereas the
proportion of younger male
teachers was 052 This difference
is significant (2 N = 167) =
2201 p lt 01rdquo
2
Reporting statistics
bull Correlations are
reported with their
degrees of freedom
(N-2) in parentheses
together with the
significance level in
this way
bull ldquoThe two variables were strongly
correlated r(55) =49 p lt01rdquo
bull ƒ t Tests are reported
with the degrees of
freedom in
parentheses followed
by the t statistic
(rounded to two
decimal places) and
the significance level
bull ldquoThere was a significant effect for
gender t(54) = 543 p lt001 with
men receiving higher scores than
womenrdquo
Reporting statistics
bull Regression results are often best
presented in a table
bull Include the standardized slope (beta)
along with the t-test and the corresponding
significance level
bull ldquoSocial support significantly predicted depression scores beta= -34 t(225)
= 653 p lt01 Social support also explained a significant proportion of
variance in depression scores R2 =12 F(1 225) = 4264 p lt01 rdquo
Tables and figures
Tables
bull Remove grid lines
bull Make sure everything
lines up
bull Keep a reasonable
number of significant
figures
bull Leave out
unnecessary info
Figures
bull Line Graphs-Used to
show trends over
time age
bull Bar Graphs- Used to
compare groups at
one time point
bull Scatter Plots- Used to
show relationships
between two
variables
Tables and figures- Example
Tables and figures
Do-s
bull Labeling
bull Numbering
bull Positioning
bull In-text referencing
bull Larger tables and
figuresmdashplace large
tables or figures in the
appendices
Donrsquot-s
bull Dont restructure data
from an information
source into another
format
bull Dont give extensive
descriptions in your
writing of the contents
of a table or diagram
The information in a
table or diagram tells
its own story
Insights regarding the
Introduction
Comunicates thereseach area
The authorrsquos position
Create the RESEARCH
SPACE
Short structure
bull Establish a territory ndash identify the research topic1
bull Identify a niche ndash issues gaps dilemmas that demand attention
2
bull State what your paper is going to address3
Suggested structure
Ibull Generalization about the topic
II
bull Short insights regarding the topic and or concepts (definitions debates academic conflicts)
IIIbull Find the research issue or gap
IV bull State very clearly the purpose
Vbull Structure of the article
GENERALIZATION ABOUT THE
TOPIC
ldquoConsidered to be one of the most important
contemporary phenomena by the national and
international literature globalization represents
a key research issue within in the academic
fieldrdquo
SHORT INSIGHTS REGARDING THE
TOPIC AND OR CONCEPTS
ldquoUsed as a term for the first time in 1983 in order to
(citation) globalization can be perceived as rdquo
The literature on business cycles acknowledges two
types of cycles the ldquoclassicalrdquo cycle as defined by hellip
(citation) and the one based on deviations or growths
where the underlying idea is that hellip (citation) ldquo
FIND THE RESEARCH ISSUE OR
GAP
ldquoThe main challenge that globalization puts forward
is that of finding alternative methods that can evaluate
its impact on the international economy
an analysis based on the idea that business cycles
synchronization represents a direct effect of
globalization offers the possibility to better grasp the
nature and dynamics of these vast processesrdquo
State very clearly the purpose
bull The present study seeks to
address the following questions
Are there pieces of evidence
regarding the synchronization
of business cycles between
the G7 countries and if this
is proved to be true
Can these seven countries be
considered the promoters of
economic globalization
This paper aims to estimate the synchronization of business cycles
perceived as an effect of globalization on the basis of the relationship
that exists between the growth rate of the GDP and inflows and
outflows of foreign direct investments (FDI) considered as percentage
of the GDP
Tips for writing the
Conclusions
bull Conclusions = the summing-up of an
argument or text
bull From the verb to conclude = to bring or
come to an end to sum up
Suggested structure
I
bull General assessment of the topic
bull Link to the purpose of the paper
II
bull Short and concise remarks regarding the findings
III
bull Contributions of the study
IV
bull Limitations of the research
bull Future research directions
GENERAL ASSESSMENT OF THE TOPIC amp
LINK TO THE PURPOSE OF THE PAPER
ldquoBoth globalization and business cycles are elusive economical
phenomena hence they represents a continuous research puzzle
for the academic community and an inexhaustible source of
possible inquiriesrdquo
ldquoThe main purpose of the research was to assess the business
cycle synchronization patterns inside the G7 in order to better
grasp the transformations that hellipldquo
SHORT AND CONCISE REMARKS
REGARDING THE FINDINGS
ldquoThe study has showed that in general hellip One of the
more important findings that emerge from the research
is fact that hellipThe second major finding is that hellip thus it
highlights the cases of hellip previously discussed It can
also be said that helliprdquo
CONTRIBUTIONS OF THE STUDY
ldquoThe contribution of the research founded on the
existence of resides in the explanation of and
also the Another implication of the present paper is
that it highlights the importance rdquo
ldquoThe novelty of the study is the use the ltlt X gtgt method
in order to study the helliprdquo
LIMITATIONS amp FUTURE RESEARCH
DIRECTIONS
ldquoThe future directions of study
will aim to enlarge the sample
and employ if possible
additional variables and
quarterly datardquo
ldquoThe limitations of the research
derive from therdquo
bull sample size
bull variables employed
bull types of data (annual
quarterly etc)
bull methods
bull time span
Connection with the future study
direction
Abstract
bull Summarizes the research and the conclusions
bull Is your advertisment = rdquoSellsrdquo your work
bull 50-300 words (200 typical length) (Refer to
author guidelines)
bull Stand-alone (NO references)
bull Indicates usefulness
bull Targets the audience
Writing the abstract-Long version
Originalityvalue
Research limitationsimplications
Findings
Designmethodologyapproach
Purpose
bullBased on the Emerald Structured Abstract
Writing the abstract-Short version
The Findings
The Arguments
The Purpose
Fancy title
bull Academic Titles Have Three Parts
bull (A) A catchy hook that introduces the
paper in a creative way
bull (B) Specific keywords that identify the
concepts the scholar will be exploring
bull (C) The location where those keywords
will be explored
bull 8-15 words
bull Main themeresearch topic research
design + population + geographical area
Fancy title- Examples
bull Globalization versus Segregation-Business Cycles
Synchronization in Europe
bull Is trade a vector of business cycles synchronization A
Fuzzy Cluster Approach of Globalization
bull Leaders and Followers in the Business Cycle Game A
Case Study of the G7
bull Hard or fuzzy clusters in assessing business cycle
transmission
bull The reverse alchemy of the business cycle
References section
In-text citations
All the cited
works compose
the Reference
List
Types of in-text citation
bull Varies from
Journal to Journal
bull Always check the
Authorrsquos
Guidelines
bull MS Office offers
APA
Harvard
Chicago
IEEE (reference order)
ISO 690 (Numerical
reference)
Includes only the
works cited in the
paper
Contains papers
read not
necessary cited
What makes good writing
Having something
to say
Logical thinking
A few simple
learnable rules of
style
Writing- Tips and tricks
Read pay attention and imitate
Talk about your research before trying to write about it
Stop waiting for ldquoinspirationrdquo
Revise Nobody gets it perfect on the first try
Learn how to cut ruthlessly Never become too attached to your words
Drop the balast
bull 1 Cut unnecessary words and phrases
bull 2 Write with verbs use strong verbs
avoid turning verbs into nouns and donrsquot
bury the main verb
The BAD Writing Contest
bull The move from a structuralist account in which capital is
understood to structure social relations in relatively homologous
ways to a view of hegemony in which power relations are subject to
repetition convergence and rearticulation brought the question of
temporality into the thinking of structure and marked a shift from a
form of Althusserian theory that takes structural totalities as
theoretical objects to one in which the insights into the contingent
possibility of structure inaugurate a renewed conception of
hegemony as bound up with the contingent sites and strategies of
the rearticulation of power
bull Butlerrsquos Diacritics (1997)
Balast to drop-Examples
1 Dead weight words and
phrases
bull As it is well known
bull As it has been shown
bull It can be regarded that
bull It should be emphasized
that
2 Empty words and
phrases
bull methodologic
bull important
3 Long words or phrases
that could be short
4 Unnecessary jargon
and acronyms
5 Repetitive words or
phrases
6 Adverbs
bull very really quite
basically generally etc
Substitute damn every time
youre inclined to write very
your editor will delete it and the
writing will be just as it should
be(Mark Twain)
Active vs Passive voice
Passive voice (Was done)
bull For previous studies
bull Literature reviewActive voice (I We did)
bull For new exciting own results
bull Original research
Verbs make the World go round
Donrsquot turn verbs into
nouns
Donrsquot bury the
main verb
Writing Environment
bull MS Word
bull Developed for average
users
bull WYSIWYG
bull Auto references
bull Thesaurus
bull LaTeX
bull Developed for
profesionals
bull Requires learning the
syntax
bull Latex makes difficult
things easy and easy
things very difficult
bull Prefered by publishers
LaTeX
Tables and figures
Tables
bull Most journals use three
horizontal lines one
above the column
headings one below the
column headings and
one below the data
bull Follow journal guidelines
bull DO NOT copy-paste
result tables directly from
software
Figures
bull Visual impact
bull Show trends and patterns
bull Tell a quick story
bull Tell the whole story
bull Highlight a particular
result
bull Always provide caption
bull Use high resolution (1000
dpi BampW 300 dpi color)
Tables-Examples
Figures- Examples
Final draft check-list
bull Check for consistency
bull Check for numerical consistencybull Do the numbers in your abstract match the numbers in your
tablesfigurestext
bull Do the numbers in the text match those in the tablesfigures
bull Do the numbers in each tablefigure match those in other tablesfigures
bull Check your references style
bull Check your overall style
Submission information
bull Authorship
This can be a point of contention when
writing in groups so establish
expectations for roles and responsibilities
early in the writing process
bull Permissions and Approvals
bull permissions for reprinting copyrighted
material
bull Ethical Considerations
Plagiarism amp Self- plagiarism
bull Passing off other
peoplersquos writing (or
tables and figures) as
your own
bull cutting and pasting
sentences or even
phrases from another
source
bull slightly rewriting or re-
arranging othersrsquo
words
Recycling your own
writing or data
bull Copying or only
slightly rewriting text
from your own
published papers
bull Adding new data to
already published
data and presenting it
as new results
Submitting identical or overlapping data to multiple journals
Submission checklist
bull Keywords
bull JEL Codes
bull All figure captions
bull All tables (including title description)
bull Manuscript has been spell-checked and grammar-
checked
bull References are in the correct format for this journal
bull All references mentioned in the Reference list are cited
in the text and vice versa
bull Permission has been obtained for use of copyrighted
material from other sources (including the Web)
Cover letter
Put the puzzle together
LOGO
Thank You
Bibliography
bull Jaba E (2002) Statistica Editura Economică București
bull Day A amp Peters A D (1996) How to get research published in journals Aldershot
Gower
bull Academic Writing and Research Skills Workshop Mancester University
bull APA Research Style Crib Sheet by Professor Russ Dewey amp Dr Abel Scribe PhD -
Fall 2007
bull Writing Articles for Peer-Review Publications A Quick Reference Guide
bull Chin B (2004) How to write a great research paper John Wiley amp Sons
bull Pieter M Kroonenberg (2007)How to write an article Leiden University
bull Daniel P J Soule Lucy Whiteley and Shona McIntosh Writing for Scholarly
Journals eSharp
bull Stephen E Dew (2013)The 5 Step Essay Writing Process
bull Kristin Sainani Writing in the Sciences Stanford University
bull httpwebupaczasitefilesfile40753writing_an_academic_journal_articlepdf
bull Sebastian-Florian Enea Silvia Palașcă Claudiu Țigănaș (2013) G7 COUNTRIES ndash
ADVOCATES OF THE GLOBAL BUSINESS CYCLE GEBA 2013 Iași
bull Enea Sebastian (2013) EVALUATING GLOBALIZATION BY MEANS OF FUZZY
CLUSTER ANALYSIS IE Bucharest
bull Oxford Dictionary httpwwwoxforddictionariescom
ldquoIf you dont have time to read
you dont have the time
(or the tools) to write
Simple as thatrdquo
― Stephen King
Structure
I Thinking andpreparing the article
II Writing the paper
III Editing thematerial
Decisionsdecisions
What
bull Article
bull Lit Review
bull Thesis
Where
bull Journal
bull Conference
bull Thesis defence
About what
bull Own results
bull Overview
bull Contradict
How
bull Clear
bull Concise
bull Simple
Overview of the Writing Process
Narrow down a
topic for the article
Determine what type of
article to write
Select a journal to submit the
article
Write the
article
Submit the
articleReview
Re-submit article
Choosing a theme
Working Title
Choose theme
Study
Narrow theme
More study
The Writing Process in numbers
bull 1 Prewriting (70)
bull 2 Writing the first draft (10)
bull 3 Revision (20)
First draft
Revising
Pre-writing
Choosing a topic- Example
bull Crisis
bull Prediction
Business
cycle
bull Synchronization
bull Dynamic equations
bull Use GDP
Studybull The dynamic
estimation of business cycle transmission between US and the Euro area
Working title
bull ldquoIdeas are like rabbits You
get a couple and learn how
to handle them and pretty
soon you have a dozenrdquo
― John Steinbeck
Documentation
bull Databases for literature review
Free databases
bull Google Scholar
bull Directory of Open Access Journals
bull NO WIKIPEDIA
Institutional subscribtion
bull Elsevier
bull Sage
bull JSTOR
bull Springer
bull Thomson Reutersrsquo Web of Knowledge
bull Taylor amp Francis
bull Wiley-Blackwell
Payed
bull EMBASE
bull Project Muse
bull Science Direct
bull Ulrichrsquos Directory
Documentation- Tips and Tricks
Articles
bull Google scholar account-daily notifications free articles on your theme
bull All versions ndash early (free) versions of a payed article
Books
bull Libgenorg
bull Google books
Organize information
bull Theme variables methods chronological
bull Make a table with articlesbooks you have
read
bull Use JabRef (or other referencing software)
bull Use Wordrsquos Masterlist option to build a
bibliography list for future use
Organize information- Examples
bull MS-Word Masterlist
Get Data
bull Questionnaires
bull Databases (Choose only institutional DB)
Compute results
State hypothesis
Verify hypothesis
Applydevelop models
Test models (inout of sample)
Save results draw graphs
Compute results
Statistic tools
MS Excel
SPSS
EViewsR
MATLAB
USER
FRIENDLY
General
Purpose
CODE
Specific
toolboxes
Wrapping up
Lit Review
Articles
Table withideas
Database
Raw data
Data sources
Results
Numbers
Tables
Graphs (high quality)
Templates
from selected journals
Article folder
Selecting a journal
bull Check that your article would fit with
the Aims amp Scope of the journal
bull Check whether the journal is by invitation
only ndash some journals only publish invited
articles
bull Check that the publication options of the
journal meet your needs (ISI BDI)
bull SUBMIT ONLY TO ONE JOURNAL
AT A TIME
Selecting a journal
bull Check the Guide for Authors-types of
articles published acceptable language
and article length
bull Read the abstracts of recent publications
to find current hot topics
bull Articles in your References section may
also lead to the right journal
bull Use automated abstract matching tools
(only if you have already an abstract)
Selecting a journal- International
Review Speed
The average number of weeks it takes for an
article to pass through the review process for this
journal We have selected two key points
1 From manuscript submission to the initial
decision on the article
2 From manuscript submission to the final
decision to accept
Impact factor
It is a measure of the number
of times an average paper in a
particular journal is cited
during the preceding two
years
ISI Journals larr HOT LINK
Selecting a journal- Romania
bull Romanian ISI Jornals-
Economicsbull AMFITEATRU ECONOMIC
bull ECONOMIC COMPUTATION
AND ECONOMIC
CYBERNETICS STUDIES AND
RESEARCH
bull REVISTA DE CERCETARE SI
INTERVENTIE SOCIALA
bull ROMANIAN JOURNAL OF
ECONOMIC FORECASTING
bull TRANSYLVANIAN REVIEW OF
ADMINISTRATIVE SCIENCES
bull Romanian BDI (B+)
Journals
REBS
CES Working Papers
ECTAP
Add your text in here
Add your text in here
Article structure
Title
Abstract
Introduction
Methodology
Results
Conclusions
Hot Tip
New article structure
Literaturereview
Methods
Results
Introduction
Conclusions
Abstract
Fancy title
Referencelist
Literature review
2 Reasons
Not re-inventing the
wheel
Position yourcurrent
research
Structure of LR
Introduction
bull Generalization
bull Widely known information
bull OR
bull State controversy
Main body
bull Presentpreviousworks
bull Choose an order
bull Use linkages
Endingremarks
bull Summarisethe mainfindings
bull Position yourpaper
Examples
bull In the last two or three decades the emphasis put on the
process of economic globalization has shifted the
analysisrsquo focus towards an international level
bull The international literature focused mainly on analyzing
the GDP as an absolute variable or as a growth rate
(Krolzig 2003) (Li amp Liu 2004) and its connections with
hellip proposed by Frankel and Rose (1998) further
developed by Imbs (2004)
bull As a general remark the IL considers that the complex
process of economic globalization should bring a higher
degree of business cycles synchronization
Good vs Bad
bull Remember the
purpose
bull Read about purpose
bull Write within the
purpose
bull Try to read everything
bull Read but not write
bull Not keeping
bibliographic
information
bull Try to include almost
everything
bull Give to many details
A PHRASE IN NEED
A FRIEND INDEED
httpwwwphrasebankmanche
steracuksourceshtm
Google search - phrasebank
GENERAL RULE
Methodology and or methods
Methodology
bull The study of a
single or multiple
methods
Methods
bull Ways instruments
procedures
employed to
complete the
research objectives
Empirical approach
1bull Population Sample
2
bull Data
bull Variables
3bull Methods
Population and Sample
bull ldquoThe research
population is
represented by all
the European
states rdquo
bull ldquo out of which we
have selected a
number of 24
European Union
members and 6
neighbouring
countries of the EUrdquo
Very very important
Mention if you have excluded
a number of entities from the
sample and motivate why
bull ldquoSome entities were deliberately excluded
from this analysis either on lack of relevant
data or a very different economical situation
leading to outliersrdquo
Data and variables
Source
Description
of data
Mention the
calculus method
Data Variables
Data and datum
Datum = noun singular form
Data = noun plural form
DATAS - Pieces of Data
Do not try to
dribble the
English grammar
Methods section
bull Explain how you have studied the research hypotheses
issues problems etc
bull Identify and structure logically the procedures employed
New method
bull Give precise and correct details
Previously published method
bull Name and cite it
Mathematical method
bull Include the formula
Results amp Discussions
bull Present results in a clear logical
sequence
bull Link findings to the aim of the article
bull WHATrsquoS NEW
bull Discuss findings by reffering to existing
literature
bull Possible implications
bull Also report uncertainties
bull DO NOT SPECULATE JUST REPORT
Results amp Discussions
bull Use tables and figures to support your arguments
bull Provide captions and legends for all your figures and tables
bull Use measure units where appropriate
bull NEVER USE RAW DATA
bull Be parsimonious about tables and figures
bull Never duplicate (same information both in table and in figure)
Results- Statistical issues
1 Descriptive analysis of the variables and
checking assumptions- to check for correctness of the data
- to acquire a feel for the raw data so that you recognize unusual
outcomes in your results
- to check whether the assumptions of the main analysis technique
have been fulfilled to a reasonable level
- to detect and explain of missing data or subjects with unusual
data
Dependent variables Independent
variables
Reporting statistics
bull MeanStandard
Deviation and
percentages are most
clearly presented in
parenthesesldquoThe sample as a whole was
relatively young (M = 1922 SD =
345)rdquo ƒ
bull Never report the
significance level as
p =0000 correct is
p lt0001
bull Chi-square -degrees
of freedom and
sample size in
parentheses followed
by chi-square statistic
(round to two decimal
places) and the
significance level
bull ldquoThe proportion of older male
teachers was 086 whereas the
proportion of younger male
teachers was 052 This difference
is significant (2 N = 167) =
2201 p lt 01rdquo
2
Reporting statistics
bull Correlations are
reported with their
degrees of freedom
(N-2) in parentheses
together with the
significance level in
this way
bull ldquoThe two variables were strongly
correlated r(55) =49 p lt01rdquo
bull ƒ t Tests are reported
with the degrees of
freedom in
parentheses followed
by the t statistic
(rounded to two
decimal places) and
the significance level
bull ldquoThere was a significant effect for
gender t(54) = 543 p lt001 with
men receiving higher scores than
womenrdquo
Reporting statistics
bull Regression results are often best
presented in a table
bull Include the standardized slope (beta)
along with the t-test and the corresponding
significance level
bull ldquoSocial support significantly predicted depression scores beta= -34 t(225)
= 653 p lt01 Social support also explained a significant proportion of
variance in depression scores R2 =12 F(1 225) = 4264 p lt01 rdquo
Tables and figures
Tables
bull Remove grid lines
bull Make sure everything
lines up
bull Keep a reasonable
number of significant
figures
bull Leave out
unnecessary info
Figures
bull Line Graphs-Used to
show trends over
time age
bull Bar Graphs- Used to
compare groups at
one time point
bull Scatter Plots- Used to
show relationships
between two
variables
Tables and figures- Example
Tables and figures
Do-s
bull Labeling
bull Numbering
bull Positioning
bull In-text referencing
bull Larger tables and
figuresmdashplace large
tables or figures in the
appendices
Donrsquot-s
bull Dont restructure data
from an information
source into another
format
bull Dont give extensive
descriptions in your
writing of the contents
of a table or diagram
The information in a
table or diagram tells
its own story
Insights regarding the
Introduction
Comunicates thereseach area
The authorrsquos position
Create the RESEARCH
SPACE
Short structure
bull Establish a territory ndash identify the research topic1
bull Identify a niche ndash issues gaps dilemmas that demand attention
2
bull State what your paper is going to address3
Suggested structure
Ibull Generalization about the topic
II
bull Short insights regarding the topic and or concepts (definitions debates academic conflicts)
IIIbull Find the research issue or gap
IV bull State very clearly the purpose
Vbull Structure of the article
GENERALIZATION ABOUT THE
TOPIC
ldquoConsidered to be one of the most important
contemporary phenomena by the national and
international literature globalization represents
a key research issue within in the academic
fieldrdquo
SHORT INSIGHTS REGARDING THE
TOPIC AND OR CONCEPTS
ldquoUsed as a term for the first time in 1983 in order to
(citation) globalization can be perceived as rdquo
The literature on business cycles acknowledges two
types of cycles the ldquoclassicalrdquo cycle as defined by hellip
(citation) and the one based on deviations or growths
where the underlying idea is that hellip (citation) ldquo
FIND THE RESEARCH ISSUE OR
GAP
ldquoThe main challenge that globalization puts forward
is that of finding alternative methods that can evaluate
its impact on the international economy
an analysis based on the idea that business cycles
synchronization represents a direct effect of
globalization offers the possibility to better grasp the
nature and dynamics of these vast processesrdquo
State very clearly the purpose
bull The present study seeks to
address the following questions
Are there pieces of evidence
regarding the synchronization
of business cycles between
the G7 countries and if this
is proved to be true
Can these seven countries be
considered the promoters of
economic globalization
This paper aims to estimate the synchronization of business cycles
perceived as an effect of globalization on the basis of the relationship
that exists between the growth rate of the GDP and inflows and
outflows of foreign direct investments (FDI) considered as percentage
of the GDP
Tips for writing the
Conclusions
bull Conclusions = the summing-up of an
argument or text
bull From the verb to conclude = to bring or
come to an end to sum up
Suggested structure
I
bull General assessment of the topic
bull Link to the purpose of the paper
II
bull Short and concise remarks regarding the findings
III
bull Contributions of the study
IV
bull Limitations of the research
bull Future research directions
GENERAL ASSESSMENT OF THE TOPIC amp
LINK TO THE PURPOSE OF THE PAPER
ldquoBoth globalization and business cycles are elusive economical
phenomena hence they represents a continuous research puzzle
for the academic community and an inexhaustible source of
possible inquiriesrdquo
ldquoThe main purpose of the research was to assess the business
cycle synchronization patterns inside the G7 in order to better
grasp the transformations that hellipldquo
SHORT AND CONCISE REMARKS
REGARDING THE FINDINGS
ldquoThe study has showed that in general hellip One of the
more important findings that emerge from the research
is fact that hellipThe second major finding is that hellip thus it
highlights the cases of hellip previously discussed It can
also be said that helliprdquo
CONTRIBUTIONS OF THE STUDY
ldquoThe contribution of the research founded on the
existence of resides in the explanation of and
also the Another implication of the present paper is
that it highlights the importance rdquo
ldquoThe novelty of the study is the use the ltlt X gtgt method
in order to study the helliprdquo
LIMITATIONS amp FUTURE RESEARCH
DIRECTIONS
ldquoThe future directions of study
will aim to enlarge the sample
and employ if possible
additional variables and
quarterly datardquo
ldquoThe limitations of the research
derive from therdquo
bull sample size
bull variables employed
bull types of data (annual
quarterly etc)
bull methods
bull time span
Connection with the future study
direction
Abstract
bull Summarizes the research and the conclusions
bull Is your advertisment = rdquoSellsrdquo your work
bull 50-300 words (200 typical length) (Refer to
author guidelines)
bull Stand-alone (NO references)
bull Indicates usefulness
bull Targets the audience
Writing the abstract-Long version
Originalityvalue
Research limitationsimplications
Findings
Designmethodologyapproach
Purpose
bullBased on the Emerald Structured Abstract
Writing the abstract-Short version
The Findings
The Arguments
The Purpose
Fancy title
bull Academic Titles Have Three Parts
bull (A) A catchy hook that introduces the
paper in a creative way
bull (B) Specific keywords that identify the
concepts the scholar will be exploring
bull (C) The location where those keywords
will be explored
bull 8-15 words
bull Main themeresearch topic research
design + population + geographical area
Fancy title- Examples
bull Globalization versus Segregation-Business Cycles
Synchronization in Europe
bull Is trade a vector of business cycles synchronization A
Fuzzy Cluster Approach of Globalization
bull Leaders and Followers in the Business Cycle Game A
Case Study of the G7
bull Hard or fuzzy clusters in assessing business cycle
transmission
bull The reverse alchemy of the business cycle
References section
In-text citations
All the cited
works compose
the Reference
List
Types of in-text citation
bull Varies from
Journal to Journal
bull Always check the
Authorrsquos
Guidelines
bull MS Office offers
APA
Harvard
Chicago
IEEE (reference order)
ISO 690 (Numerical
reference)
Includes only the
works cited in the
paper
Contains papers
read not
necessary cited
What makes good writing
Having something
to say
Logical thinking
A few simple
learnable rules of
style
Writing- Tips and tricks
Read pay attention and imitate
Talk about your research before trying to write about it
Stop waiting for ldquoinspirationrdquo
Revise Nobody gets it perfect on the first try
Learn how to cut ruthlessly Never become too attached to your words
Drop the balast
bull 1 Cut unnecessary words and phrases
bull 2 Write with verbs use strong verbs
avoid turning verbs into nouns and donrsquot
bury the main verb
The BAD Writing Contest
bull The move from a structuralist account in which capital is
understood to structure social relations in relatively homologous
ways to a view of hegemony in which power relations are subject to
repetition convergence and rearticulation brought the question of
temporality into the thinking of structure and marked a shift from a
form of Althusserian theory that takes structural totalities as
theoretical objects to one in which the insights into the contingent
possibility of structure inaugurate a renewed conception of
hegemony as bound up with the contingent sites and strategies of
the rearticulation of power
bull Butlerrsquos Diacritics (1997)
Balast to drop-Examples
1 Dead weight words and
phrases
bull As it is well known
bull As it has been shown
bull It can be regarded that
bull It should be emphasized
that
2 Empty words and
phrases
bull methodologic
bull important
3 Long words or phrases
that could be short
4 Unnecessary jargon
and acronyms
5 Repetitive words or
phrases
6 Adverbs
bull very really quite
basically generally etc
Substitute damn every time
youre inclined to write very
your editor will delete it and the
writing will be just as it should
be(Mark Twain)
Active vs Passive voice
Passive voice (Was done)
bull For previous studies
bull Literature reviewActive voice (I We did)
bull For new exciting own results
bull Original research
Verbs make the World go round
Donrsquot turn verbs into
nouns
Donrsquot bury the
main verb
Writing Environment
bull MS Word
bull Developed for average
users
bull WYSIWYG
bull Auto references
bull Thesaurus
bull LaTeX
bull Developed for
profesionals
bull Requires learning the
syntax
bull Latex makes difficult
things easy and easy
things very difficult
bull Prefered by publishers
LaTeX
Tables and figures
Tables
bull Most journals use three
horizontal lines one
above the column
headings one below the
column headings and
one below the data
bull Follow journal guidelines
bull DO NOT copy-paste
result tables directly from
software
Figures
bull Visual impact
bull Show trends and patterns
bull Tell a quick story
bull Tell the whole story
bull Highlight a particular
result
bull Always provide caption
bull Use high resolution (1000
dpi BampW 300 dpi color)
Tables-Examples
Figures- Examples
Final draft check-list
bull Check for consistency
bull Check for numerical consistencybull Do the numbers in your abstract match the numbers in your
tablesfigurestext
bull Do the numbers in the text match those in the tablesfigures
bull Do the numbers in each tablefigure match those in other tablesfigures
bull Check your references style
bull Check your overall style
Submission information
bull Authorship
This can be a point of contention when
writing in groups so establish
expectations for roles and responsibilities
early in the writing process
bull Permissions and Approvals
bull permissions for reprinting copyrighted
material
bull Ethical Considerations
Plagiarism amp Self- plagiarism
bull Passing off other
peoplersquos writing (or
tables and figures) as
your own
bull cutting and pasting
sentences or even
phrases from another
source
bull slightly rewriting or re-
arranging othersrsquo
words
Recycling your own
writing or data
bull Copying or only
slightly rewriting text
from your own
published papers
bull Adding new data to
already published
data and presenting it
as new results
Submitting identical or overlapping data to multiple journals
Submission checklist
bull Keywords
bull JEL Codes
bull All figure captions
bull All tables (including title description)
bull Manuscript has been spell-checked and grammar-
checked
bull References are in the correct format for this journal
bull All references mentioned in the Reference list are cited
in the text and vice versa
bull Permission has been obtained for use of copyrighted
material from other sources (including the Web)
Cover letter
Put the puzzle together
LOGO
Thank You
Bibliography
bull Jaba E (2002) Statistica Editura Economică București
bull Day A amp Peters A D (1996) How to get research published in journals Aldershot
Gower
bull Academic Writing and Research Skills Workshop Mancester University
bull APA Research Style Crib Sheet by Professor Russ Dewey amp Dr Abel Scribe PhD -
Fall 2007
bull Writing Articles for Peer-Review Publications A Quick Reference Guide
bull Chin B (2004) How to write a great research paper John Wiley amp Sons
bull Pieter M Kroonenberg (2007)How to write an article Leiden University
bull Daniel P J Soule Lucy Whiteley and Shona McIntosh Writing for Scholarly
Journals eSharp
bull Stephen E Dew (2013)The 5 Step Essay Writing Process
bull Kristin Sainani Writing in the Sciences Stanford University
bull httpwebupaczasitefilesfile40753writing_an_academic_journal_articlepdf
bull Sebastian-Florian Enea Silvia Palașcă Claudiu Țigănaș (2013) G7 COUNTRIES ndash
ADVOCATES OF THE GLOBAL BUSINESS CYCLE GEBA 2013 Iași
bull Enea Sebastian (2013) EVALUATING GLOBALIZATION BY MEANS OF FUZZY
CLUSTER ANALYSIS IE Bucharest
bull Oxford Dictionary httpwwwoxforddictionariescom
Structure
I Thinking andpreparing the article
II Writing the paper
III Editing thematerial
Decisionsdecisions
What
bull Article
bull Lit Review
bull Thesis
Where
bull Journal
bull Conference
bull Thesis defence
About what
bull Own results
bull Overview
bull Contradict
How
bull Clear
bull Concise
bull Simple
Overview of the Writing Process
Narrow down a
topic for the article
Determine what type of
article to write
Select a journal to submit the
article
Write the
article
Submit the
articleReview
Re-submit article
Choosing a theme
Working Title
Choose theme
Study
Narrow theme
More study
The Writing Process in numbers
bull 1 Prewriting (70)
bull 2 Writing the first draft (10)
bull 3 Revision (20)
First draft
Revising
Pre-writing
Choosing a topic- Example
bull Crisis
bull Prediction
Business
cycle
bull Synchronization
bull Dynamic equations
bull Use GDP
Studybull The dynamic
estimation of business cycle transmission between US and the Euro area
Working title
bull ldquoIdeas are like rabbits You
get a couple and learn how
to handle them and pretty
soon you have a dozenrdquo
― John Steinbeck
Documentation
bull Databases for literature review
Free databases
bull Google Scholar
bull Directory of Open Access Journals
bull NO WIKIPEDIA
Institutional subscribtion
bull Elsevier
bull Sage
bull JSTOR
bull Springer
bull Thomson Reutersrsquo Web of Knowledge
bull Taylor amp Francis
bull Wiley-Blackwell
Payed
bull EMBASE
bull Project Muse
bull Science Direct
bull Ulrichrsquos Directory
Documentation- Tips and Tricks
Articles
bull Google scholar account-daily notifications free articles on your theme
bull All versions ndash early (free) versions of a payed article
Books
bull Libgenorg
bull Google books
Organize information
bull Theme variables methods chronological
bull Make a table with articlesbooks you have
read
bull Use JabRef (or other referencing software)
bull Use Wordrsquos Masterlist option to build a
bibliography list for future use
Organize information- Examples
bull MS-Word Masterlist
Get Data
bull Questionnaires
bull Databases (Choose only institutional DB)
Compute results
State hypothesis
Verify hypothesis
Applydevelop models
Test models (inout of sample)
Save results draw graphs
Compute results
Statistic tools
MS Excel
SPSS
EViewsR
MATLAB
USER
FRIENDLY
General
Purpose
CODE
Specific
toolboxes
Wrapping up
Lit Review
Articles
Table withideas
Database
Raw data
Data sources
Results
Numbers
Tables
Graphs (high quality)
Templates
from selected journals
Article folder
Selecting a journal
bull Check that your article would fit with
the Aims amp Scope of the journal
bull Check whether the journal is by invitation
only ndash some journals only publish invited
articles
bull Check that the publication options of the
journal meet your needs (ISI BDI)
bull SUBMIT ONLY TO ONE JOURNAL
AT A TIME
Selecting a journal
bull Check the Guide for Authors-types of
articles published acceptable language
and article length
bull Read the abstracts of recent publications
to find current hot topics
bull Articles in your References section may
also lead to the right journal
bull Use automated abstract matching tools
(only if you have already an abstract)
Selecting a journal- International
Review Speed
The average number of weeks it takes for an
article to pass through the review process for this
journal We have selected two key points
1 From manuscript submission to the initial
decision on the article
2 From manuscript submission to the final
decision to accept
Impact factor
It is a measure of the number
of times an average paper in a
particular journal is cited
during the preceding two
years
ISI Journals larr HOT LINK
Selecting a journal- Romania
bull Romanian ISI Jornals-
Economicsbull AMFITEATRU ECONOMIC
bull ECONOMIC COMPUTATION
AND ECONOMIC
CYBERNETICS STUDIES AND
RESEARCH
bull REVISTA DE CERCETARE SI
INTERVENTIE SOCIALA
bull ROMANIAN JOURNAL OF
ECONOMIC FORECASTING
bull TRANSYLVANIAN REVIEW OF
ADMINISTRATIVE SCIENCES
bull Romanian BDI (B+)
Journals
REBS
CES Working Papers
ECTAP
Add your text in here
Add your text in here
Article structure
Title
Abstract
Introduction
Methodology
Results
Conclusions
Hot Tip
New article structure
Literaturereview
Methods
Results
Introduction
Conclusions
Abstract
Fancy title
Referencelist
Literature review
2 Reasons
Not re-inventing the
wheel
Position yourcurrent
research
Structure of LR
Introduction
bull Generalization
bull Widely known information
bull OR
bull State controversy
Main body
bull Presentpreviousworks
bull Choose an order
bull Use linkages
Endingremarks
bull Summarisethe mainfindings
bull Position yourpaper
Examples
bull In the last two or three decades the emphasis put on the
process of economic globalization has shifted the
analysisrsquo focus towards an international level
bull The international literature focused mainly on analyzing
the GDP as an absolute variable or as a growth rate
(Krolzig 2003) (Li amp Liu 2004) and its connections with
hellip proposed by Frankel and Rose (1998) further
developed by Imbs (2004)
bull As a general remark the IL considers that the complex
process of economic globalization should bring a higher
degree of business cycles synchronization
Good vs Bad
bull Remember the
purpose
bull Read about purpose
bull Write within the
purpose
bull Try to read everything
bull Read but not write
bull Not keeping
bibliographic
information
bull Try to include almost
everything
bull Give to many details
A PHRASE IN NEED
A FRIEND INDEED
httpwwwphrasebankmanche
steracuksourceshtm
Google search - phrasebank
GENERAL RULE
Methodology and or methods
Methodology
bull The study of a
single or multiple
methods
Methods
bull Ways instruments
procedures
employed to
complete the
research objectives
Empirical approach
1bull Population Sample
2
bull Data
bull Variables
3bull Methods
Population and Sample
bull ldquoThe research
population is
represented by all
the European
states rdquo
bull ldquo out of which we
have selected a
number of 24
European Union
members and 6
neighbouring
countries of the EUrdquo
Very very important
Mention if you have excluded
a number of entities from the
sample and motivate why
bull ldquoSome entities were deliberately excluded
from this analysis either on lack of relevant
data or a very different economical situation
leading to outliersrdquo
Data and variables
Source
Description
of data
Mention the
calculus method
Data Variables
Data and datum
Datum = noun singular form
Data = noun plural form
DATAS - Pieces of Data
Do not try to
dribble the
English grammar
Methods section
bull Explain how you have studied the research hypotheses
issues problems etc
bull Identify and structure logically the procedures employed
New method
bull Give precise and correct details
Previously published method
bull Name and cite it
Mathematical method
bull Include the formula
Results amp Discussions
bull Present results in a clear logical
sequence
bull Link findings to the aim of the article
bull WHATrsquoS NEW
bull Discuss findings by reffering to existing
literature
bull Possible implications
bull Also report uncertainties
bull DO NOT SPECULATE JUST REPORT
Results amp Discussions
bull Use tables and figures to support your arguments
bull Provide captions and legends for all your figures and tables
bull Use measure units where appropriate
bull NEVER USE RAW DATA
bull Be parsimonious about tables and figures
bull Never duplicate (same information both in table and in figure)
Results- Statistical issues
1 Descriptive analysis of the variables and
checking assumptions- to check for correctness of the data
- to acquire a feel for the raw data so that you recognize unusual
outcomes in your results
- to check whether the assumptions of the main analysis technique
have been fulfilled to a reasonable level
- to detect and explain of missing data or subjects with unusual
data
Dependent variables Independent
variables
Reporting statistics
bull MeanStandard
Deviation and
percentages are most
clearly presented in
parenthesesldquoThe sample as a whole was
relatively young (M = 1922 SD =
345)rdquo ƒ
bull Never report the
significance level as
p =0000 correct is
p lt0001
bull Chi-square -degrees
of freedom and
sample size in
parentheses followed
by chi-square statistic
(round to two decimal
places) and the
significance level
bull ldquoThe proportion of older male
teachers was 086 whereas the
proportion of younger male
teachers was 052 This difference
is significant (2 N = 167) =
2201 p lt 01rdquo
2
Reporting statistics
bull Correlations are
reported with their
degrees of freedom
(N-2) in parentheses
together with the
significance level in
this way
bull ldquoThe two variables were strongly
correlated r(55) =49 p lt01rdquo
bull ƒ t Tests are reported
with the degrees of
freedom in
parentheses followed
by the t statistic
(rounded to two
decimal places) and
the significance level
bull ldquoThere was a significant effect for
gender t(54) = 543 p lt001 with
men receiving higher scores than
womenrdquo
Reporting statistics
bull Regression results are often best
presented in a table
bull Include the standardized slope (beta)
along with the t-test and the corresponding
significance level
bull ldquoSocial support significantly predicted depression scores beta= -34 t(225)
= 653 p lt01 Social support also explained a significant proportion of
variance in depression scores R2 =12 F(1 225) = 4264 p lt01 rdquo
Tables and figures
Tables
bull Remove grid lines
bull Make sure everything
lines up
bull Keep a reasonable
number of significant
figures
bull Leave out
unnecessary info
Figures
bull Line Graphs-Used to
show trends over
time age
bull Bar Graphs- Used to
compare groups at
one time point
bull Scatter Plots- Used to
show relationships
between two
variables
Tables and figures- Example
Tables and figures
Do-s
bull Labeling
bull Numbering
bull Positioning
bull In-text referencing
bull Larger tables and
figuresmdashplace large
tables or figures in the
appendices
Donrsquot-s
bull Dont restructure data
from an information
source into another
format
bull Dont give extensive
descriptions in your
writing of the contents
of a table or diagram
The information in a
table or diagram tells
its own story
Insights regarding the
Introduction
Comunicates thereseach area
The authorrsquos position
Create the RESEARCH
SPACE
Short structure
bull Establish a territory ndash identify the research topic1
bull Identify a niche ndash issues gaps dilemmas that demand attention
2
bull State what your paper is going to address3
Suggested structure
Ibull Generalization about the topic
II
bull Short insights regarding the topic and or concepts (definitions debates academic conflicts)
IIIbull Find the research issue or gap
IV bull State very clearly the purpose
Vbull Structure of the article
GENERALIZATION ABOUT THE
TOPIC
ldquoConsidered to be one of the most important
contemporary phenomena by the national and
international literature globalization represents
a key research issue within in the academic
fieldrdquo
SHORT INSIGHTS REGARDING THE
TOPIC AND OR CONCEPTS
ldquoUsed as a term for the first time in 1983 in order to
(citation) globalization can be perceived as rdquo
The literature on business cycles acknowledges two
types of cycles the ldquoclassicalrdquo cycle as defined by hellip
(citation) and the one based on deviations or growths
where the underlying idea is that hellip (citation) ldquo
FIND THE RESEARCH ISSUE OR
GAP
ldquoThe main challenge that globalization puts forward
is that of finding alternative methods that can evaluate
its impact on the international economy
an analysis based on the idea that business cycles
synchronization represents a direct effect of
globalization offers the possibility to better grasp the
nature and dynamics of these vast processesrdquo
State very clearly the purpose
bull The present study seeks to
address the following questions
Are there pieces of evidence
regarding the synchronization
of business cycles between
the G7 countries and if this
is proved to be true
Can these seven countries be
considered the promoters of
economic globalization
This paper aims to estimate the synchronization of business cycles
perceived as an effect of globalization on the basis of the relationship
that exists between the growth rate of the GDP and inflows and
outflows of foreign direct investments (FDI) considered as percentage
of the GDP
Tips for writing the
Conclusions
bull Conclusions = the summing-up of an
argument or text
bull From the verb to conclude = to bring or
come to an end to sum up
Suggested structure
I
bull General assessment of the topic
bull Link to the purpose of the paper
II
bull Short and concise remarks regarding the findings
III
bull Contributions of the study
IV
bull Limitations of the research
bull Future research directions
GENERAL ASSESSMENT OF THE TOPIC amp
LINK TO THE PURPOSE OF THE PAPER
ldquoBoth globalization and business cycles are elusive economical
phenomena hence they represents a continuous research puzzle
for the academic community and an inexhaustible source of
possible inquiriesrdquo
ldquoThe main purpose of the research was to assess the business
cycle synchronization patterns inside the G7 in order to better
grasp the transformations that hellipldquo
SHORT AND CONCISE REMARKS
REGARDING THE FINDINGS
ldquoThe study has showed that in general hellip One of the
more important findings that emerge from the research
is fact that hellipThe second major finding is that hellip thus it
highlights the cases of hellip previously discussed It can
also be said that helliprdquo
CONTRIBUTIONS OF THE STUDY
ldquoThe contribution of the research founded on the
existence of resides in the explanation of and
also the Another implication of the present paper is
that it highlights the importance rdquo
ldquoThe novelty of the study is the use the ltlt X gtgt method
in order to study the helliprdquo
LIMITATIONS amp FUTURE RESEARCH
DIRECTIONS
ldquoThe future directions of study
will aim to enlarge the sample
and employ if possible
additional variables and
quarterly datardquo
ldquoThe limitations of the research
derive from therdquo
bull sample size
bull variables employed
bull types of data (annual
quarterly etc)
bull methods
bull time span
Connection with the future study
direction
Abstract
bull Summarizes the research and the conclusions
bull Is your advertisment = rdquoSellsrdquo your work
bull 50-300 words (200 typical length) (Refer to
author guidelines)
bull Stand-alone (NO references)
bull Indicates usefulness
bull Targets the audience
Writing the abstract-Long version
Originalityvalue
Research limitationsimplications
Findings
Designmethodologyapproach
Purpose
bullBased on the Emerald Structured Abstract
Writing the abstract-Short version
The Findings
The Arguments
The Purpose
Fancy title
bull Academic Titles Have Three Parts
bull (A) A catchy hook that introduces the
paper in a creative way
bull (B) Specific keywords that identify the
concepts the scholar will be exploring
bull (C) The location where those keywords
will be explored
bull 8-15 words
bull Main themeresearch topic research
design + population + geographical area
Fancy title- Examples
bull Globalization versus Segregation-Business Cycles
Synchronization in Europe
bull Is trade a vector of business cycles synchronization A
Fuzzy Cluster Approach of Globalization
bull Leaders and Followers in the Business Cycle Game A
Case Study of the G7
bull Hard or fuzzy clusters in assessing business cycle
transmission
bull The reverse alchemy of the business cycle
References section
In-text citations
All the cited
works compose
the Reference
List
Types of in-text citation
bull Varies from
Journal to Journal
bull Always check the
Authorrsquos
Guidelines
bull MS Office offers
APA
Harvard
Chicago
IEEE (reference order)
ISO 690 (Numerical
reference)
Includes only the
works cited in the
paper
Contains papers
read not
necessary cited
What makes good writing
Having something
to say
Logical thinking
A few simple
learnable rules of
style
Writing- Tips and tricks
Read pay attention and imitate
Talk about your research before trying to write about it
Stop waiting for ldquoinspirationrdquo
Revise Nobody gets it perfect on the first try
Learn how to cut ruthlessly Never become too attached to your words
Drop the balast
bull 1 Cut unnecessary words and phrases
bull 2 Write with verbs use strong verbs
avoid turning verbs into nouns and donrsquot
bury the main verb
The BAD Writing Contest
bull The move from a structuralist account in which capital is
understood to structure social relations in relatively homologous
ways to a view of hegemony in which power relations are subject to
repetition convergence and rearticulation brought the question of
temporality into the thinking of structure and marked a shift from a
form of Althusserian theory that takes structural totalities as
theoretical objects to one in which the insights into the contingent
possibility of structure inaugurate a renewed conception of
hegemony as bound up with the contingent sites and strategies of
the rearticulation of power
bull Butlerrsquos Diacritics (1997)
Balast to drop-Examples
1 Dead weight words and
phrases
bull As it is well known
bull As it has been shown
bull It can be regarded that
bull It should be emphasized
that
2 Empty words and
phrases
bull methodologic
bull important
3 Long words or phrases
that could be short
4 Unnecessary jargon
and acronyms
5 Repetitive words or
phrases
6 Adverbs
bull very really quite
basically generally etc
Substitute damn every time
youre inclined to write very
your editor will delete it and the
writing will be just as it should
be(Mark Twain)
Active vs Passive voice
Passive voice (Was done)
bull For previous studies
bull Literature reviewActive voice (I We did)
bull For new exciting own results
bull Original research
Verbs make the World go round
Donrsquot turn verbs into
nouns
Donrsquot bury the
main verb
Writing Environment
bull MS Word
bull Developed for average
users
bull WYSIWYG
bull Auto references
bull Thesaurus
bull LaTeX
bull Developed for
profesionals
bull Requires learning the
syntax
bull Latex makes difficult
things easy and easy
things very difficult
bull Prefered by publishers
LaTeX
Tables and figures
Tables
bull Most journals use three
horizontal lines one
above the column
headings one below the
column headings and
one below the data
bull Follow journal guidelines
bull DO NOT copy-paste
result tables directly from
software
Figures
bull Visual impact
bull Show trends and patterns
bull Tell a quick story
bull Tell the whole story
bull Highlight a particular
result
bull Always provide caption
bull Use high resolution (1000
dpi BampW 300 dpi color)
Tables-Examples
Figures- Examples
Final draft check-list
bull Check for consistency
bull Check for numerical consistencybull Do the numbers in your abstract match the numbers in your
tablesfigurestext
bull Do the numbers in the text match those in the tablesfigures
bull Do the numbers in each tablefigure match those in other tablesfigures
bull Check your references style
bull Check your overall style
Submission information
bull Authorship
This can be a point of contention when
writing in groups so establish
expectations for roles and responsibilities
early in the writing process
bull Permissions and Approvals
bull permissions for reprinting copyrighted
material
bull Ethical Considerations
Plagiarism amp Self- plagiarism
bull Passing off other
peoplersquos writing (or
tables and figures) as
your own
bull cutting and pasting
sentences or even
phrases from another
source
bull slightly rewriting or re-
arranging othersrsquo
words
Recycling your own
writing or data
bull Copying or only
slightly rewriting text
from your own
published papers
bull Adding new data to
already published
data and presenting it
as new results
Submitting identical or overlapping data to multiple journals
Submission checklist
bull Keywords
bull JEL Codes
bull All figure captions
bull All tables (including title description)
bull Manuscript has been spell-checked and grammar-
checked
bull References are in the correct format for this journal
bull All references mentioned in the Reference list are cited
in the text and vice versa
bull Permission has been obtained for use of copyrighted
material from other sources (including the Web)
Cover letter
Put the puzzle together
LOGO
Thank You
Bibliography
bull Jaba E (2002) Statistica Editura Economică București
bull Day A amp Peters A D (1996) How to get research published in journals Aldershot
Gower
bull Academic Writing and Research Skills Workshop Mancester University
bull APA Research Style Crib Sheet by Professor Russ Dewey amp Dr Abel Scribe PhD -
Fall 2007
bull Writing Articles for Peer-Review Publications A Quick Reference Guide
bull Chin B (2004) How to write a great research paper John Wiley amp Sons
bull Pieter M Kroonenberg (2007)How to write an article Leiden University
bull Daniel P J Soule Lucy Whiteley and Shona McIntosh Writing for Scholarly
Journals eSharp
bull Stephen E Dew (2013)The 5 Step Essay Writing Process
bull Kristin Sainani Writing in the Sciences Stanford University
bull httpwebupaczasitefilesfile40753writing_an_academic_journal_articlepdf
bull Sebastian-Florian Enea Silvia Palașcă Claudiu Țigănaș (2013) G7 COUNTRIES ndash
ADVOCATES OF THE GLOBAL BUSINESS CYCLE GEBA 2013 Iași
bull Enea Sebastian (2013) EVALUATING GLOBALIZATION BY MEANS OF FUZZY
CLUSTER ANALYSIS IE Bucharest
bull Oxford Dictionary httpwwwoxforddictionariescom
Decisionsdecisions
What
bull Article
bull Lit Review
bull Thesis
Where
bull Journal
bull Conference
bull Thesis defence
About what
bull Own results
bull Overview
bull Contradict
How
bull Clear
bull Concise
bull Simple
Overview of the Writing Process
Narrow down a
topic for the article
Determine what type of
article to write
Select a journal to submit the
article
Write the
article
Submit the
articleReview
Re-submit article
Choosing a theme
Working Title
Choose theme
Study
Narrow theme
More study
The Writing Process in numbers
bull 1 Prewriting (70)
bull 2 Writing the first draft (10)
bull 3 Revision (20)
First draft
Revising
Pre-writing
Choosing a topic- Example
bull Crisis
bull Prediction
Business
cycle
bull Synchronization
bull Dynamic equations
bull Use GDP
Studybull The dynamic
estimation of business cycle transmission between US and the Euro area
Working title
bull ldquoIdeas are like rabbits You
get a couple and learn how
to handle them and pretty
soon you have a dozenrdquo
― John Steinbeck
Documentation
bull Databases for literature review
Free databases
bull Google Scholar
bull Directory of Open Access Journals
bull NO WIKIPEDIA
Institutional subscribtion
bull Elsevier
bull Sage
bull JSTOR
bull Springer
bull Thomson Reutersrsquo Web of Knowledge
bull Taylor amp Francis
bull Wiley-Blackwell
Payed
bull EMBASE
bull Project Muse
bull Science Direct
bull Ulrichrsquos Directory
Documentation- Tips and Tricks
Articles
bull Google scholar account-daily notifications free articles on your theme
bull All versions ndash early (free) versions of a payed article
Books
bull Libgenorg
bull Google books
Organize information
bull Theme variables methods chronological
bull Make a table with articlesbooks you have
read
bull Use JabRef (or other referencing software)
bull Use Wordrsquos Masterlist option to build a
bibliography list for future use
Organize information- Examples
bull MS-Word Masterlist
Get Data
bull Questionnaires
bull Databases (Choose only institutional DB)
Compute results
State hypothesis
Verify hypothesis
Applydevelop models
Test models (inout of sample)
Save results draw graphs
Compute results
Statistic tools
MS Excel
SPSS
EViewsR
MATLAB
USER
FRIENDLY
General
Purpose
CODE
Specific
toolboxes
Wrapping up
Lit Review
Articles
Table withideas
Database
Raw data
Data sources
Results
Numbers
Tables
Graphs (high quality)
Templates
from selected journals
Article folder
Selecting a journal
bull Check that your article would fit with
the Aims amp Scope of the journal
bull Check whether the journal is by invitation
only ndash some journals only publish invited
articles
bull Check that the publication options of the
journal meet your needs (ISI BDI)
bull SUBMIT ONLY TO ONE JOURNAL
AT A TIME
Selecting a journal
bull Check the Guide for Authors-types of
articles published acceptable language
and article length
bull Read the abstracts of recent publications
to find current hot topics
bull Articles in your References section may
also lead to the right journal
bull Use automated abstract matching tools
(only if you have already an abstract)
Selecting a journal- International
Review Speed
The average number of weeks it takes for an
article to pass through the review process for this
journal We have selected two key points
1 From manuscript submission to the initial
decision on the article
2 From manuscript submission to the final
decision to accept
Impact factor
It is a measure of the number
of times an average paper in a
particular journal is cited
during the preceding two
years
ISI Journals larr HOT LINK
Selecting a journal- Romania
bull Romanian ISI Jornals-
Economicsbull AMFITEATRU ECONOMIC
bull ECONOMIC COMPUTATION
AND ECONOMIC
CYBERNETICS STUDIES AND
RESEARCH
bull REVISTA DE CERCETARE SI
INTERVENTIE SOCIALA
bull ROMANIAN JOURNAL OF
ECONOMIC FORECASTING
bull TRANSYLVANIAN REVIEW OF
ADMINISTRATIVE SCIENCES
bull Romanian BDI (B+)
Journals
REBS
CES Working Papers
ECTAP
Add your text in here
Add your text in here
Article structure
Title
Abstract
Introduction
Methodology
Results
Conclusions
Hot Tip
New article structure
Literaturereview
Methods
Results
Introduction
Conclusions
Abstract
Fancy title
Referencelist
Literature review
2 Reasons
Not re-inventing the
wheel
Position yourcurrent
research
Structure of LR
Introduction
bull Generalization
bull Widely known information
bull OR
bull State controversy
Main body
bull Presentpreviousworks
bull Choose an order
bull Use linkages
Endingremarks
bull Summarisethe mainfindings
bull Position yourpaper
Examples
bull In the last two or three decades the emphasis put on the
process of economic globalization has shifted the
analysisrsquo focus towards an international level
bull The international literature focused mainly on analyzing
the GDP as an absolute variable or as a growth rate
(Krolzig 2003) (Li amp Liu 2004) and its connections with
hellip proposed by Frankel and Rose (1998) further
developed by Imbs (2004)
bull As a general remark the IL considers that the complex
process of economic globalization should bring a higher
degree of business cycles synchronization
Good vs Bad
bull Remember the
purpose
bull Read about purpose
bull Write within the
purpose
bull Try to read everything
bull Read but not write
bull Not keeping
bibliographic
information
bull Try to include almost
everything
bull Give to many details
A PHRASE IN NEED
A FRIEND INDEED
httpwwwphrasebankmanche
steracuksourceshtm
Google search - phrasebank
GENERAL RULE
Methodology and or methods
Methodology
bull The study of a
single or multiple
methods
Methods
bull Ways instruments
procedures
employed to
complete the
research objectives
Empirical approach
1bull Population Sample
2
bull Data
bull Variables
3bull Methods
Population and Sample
bull ldquoThe research
population is
represented by all
the European
states rdquo
bull ldquo out of which we
have selected a
number of 24
European Union
members and 6
neighbouring
countries of the EUrdquo
Very very important
Mention if you have excluded
a number of entities from the
sample and motivate why
bull ldquoSome entities were deliberately excluded
from this analysis either on lack of relevant
data or a very different economical situation
leading to outliersrdquo
Data and variables
Source
Description
of data
Mention the
calculus method
Data Variables
Data and datum
Datum = noun singular form
Data = noun plural form
DATAS - Pieces of Data
Do not try to
dribble the
English grammar
Methods section
bull Explain how you have studied the research hypotheses
issues problems etc
bull Identify and structure logically the procedures employed
New method
bull Give precise and correct details
Previously published method
bull Name and cite it
Mathematical method
bull Include the formula
Results amp Discussions
bull Present results in a clear logical
sequence
bull Link findings to the aim of the article
bull WHATrsquoS NEW
bull Discuss findings by reffering to existing
literature
bull Possible implications
bull Also report uncertainties
bull DO NOT SPECULATE JUST REPORT
Results amp Discussions
bull Use tables and figures to support your arguments
bull Provide captions and legends for all your figures and tables
bull Use measure units where appropriate
bull NEVER USE RAW DATA
bull Be parsimonious about tables and figures
bull Never duplicate (same information both in table and in figure)
Results- Statistical issues
1 Descriptive analysis of the variables and
checking assumptions- to check for correctness of the data
- to acquire a feel for the raw data so that you recognize unusual
outcomes in your results
- to check whether the assumptions of the main analysis technique
have been fulfilled to a reasonable level
- to detect and explain of missing data or subjects with unusual
data
Dependent variables Independent
variables
Reporting statistics
bull MeanStandard
Deviation and
percentages are most
clearly presented in
parenthesesldquoThe sample as a whole was
relatively young (M = 1922 SD =
345)rdquo ƒ
bull Never report the
significance level as
p =0000 correct is
p lt0001
bull Chi-square -degrees
of freedom and
sample size in
parentheses followed
by chi-square statistic
(round to two decimal
places) and the
significance level
bull ldquoThe proportion of older male
teachers was 086 whereas the
proportion of younger male
teachers was 052 This difference
is significant (2 N = 167) =
2201 p lt 01rdquo
2
Reporting statistics
bull Correlations are
reported with their
degrees of freedom
(N-2) in parentheses
together with the
significance level in
this way
bull ldquoThe two variables were strongly
correlated r(55) =49 p lt01rdquo
bull ƒ t Tests are reported
with the degrees of
freedom in
parentheses followed
by the t statistic
(rounded to two
decimal places) and
the significance level
bull ldquoThere was a significant effect for
gender t(54) = 543 p lt001 with
men receiving higher scores than
womenrdquo
Reporting statistics
bull Regression results are often best
presented in a table
bull Include the standardized slope (beta)
along with the t-test and the corresponding
significance level
bull ldquoSocial support significantly predicted depression scores beta= -34 t(225)
= 653 p lt01 Social support also explained a significant proportion of
variance in depression scores R2 =12 F(1 225) = 4264 p lt01 rdquo
Tables and figures
Tables
bull Remove grid lines
bull Make sure everything
lines up
bull Keep a reasonable
number of significant
figures
bull Leave out
unnecessary info
Figures
bull Line Graphs-Used to
show trends over
time age
bull Bar Graphs- Used to
compare groups at
one time point
bull Scatter Plots- Used to
show relationships
between two
variables
Tables and figures- Example
Tables and figures
Do-s
bull Labeling
bull Numbering
bull Positioning
bull In-text referencing
bull Larger tables and
figuresmdashplace large
tables or figures in the
appendices
Donrsquot-s
bull Dont restructure data
from an information
source into another
format
bull Dont give extensive
descriptions in your
writing of the contents
of a table or diagram
The information in a
table or diagram tells
its own story
Insights regarding the
Introduction
Comunicates thereseach area
The authorrsquos position
Create the RESEARCH
SPACE
Short structure
bull Establish a territory ndash identify the research topic1
bull Identify a niche ndash issues gaps dilemmas that demand attention
2
bull State what your paper is going to address3
Suggested structure
Ibull Generalization about the topic
II
bull Short insights regarding the topic and or concepts (definitions debates academic conflicts)
IIIbull Find the research issue or gap
IV bull State very clearly the purpose
Vbull Structure of the article
GENERALIZATION ABOUT THE
TOPIC
ldquoConsidered to be one of the most important
contemporary phenomena by the national and
international literature globalization represents
a key research issue within in the academic
fieldrdquo
SHORT INSIGHTS REGARDING THE
TOPIC AND OR CONCEPTS
ldquoUsed as a term for the first time in 1983 in order to
(citation) globalization can be perceived as rdquo
The literature on business cycles acknowledges two
types of cycles the ldquoclassicalrdquo cycle as defined by hellip
(citation) and the one based on deviations or growths
where the underlying idea is that hellip (citation) ldquo
FIND THE RESEARCH ISSUE OR
GAP
ldquoThe main challenge that globalization puts forward
is that of finding alternative methods that can evaluate
its impact on the international economy
an analysis based on the idea that business cycles
synchronization represents a direct effect of
globalization offers the possibility to better grasp the
nature and dynamics of these vast processesrdquo
State very clearly the purpose
bull The present study seeks to
address the following questions
Are there pieces of evidence
regarding the synchronization
of business cycles between
the G7 countries and if this
is proved to be true
Can these seven countries be
considered the promoters of
economic globalization
This paper aims to estimate the synchronization of business cycles
perceived as an effect of globalization on the basis of the relationship
that exists between the growth rate of the GDP and inflows and
outflows of foreign direct investments (FDI) considered as percentage
of the GDP
Tips for writing the
Conclusions
bull Conclusions = the summing-up of an
argument or text
bull From the verb to conclude = to bring or
come to an end to sum up
Suggested structure
I
bull General assessment of the topic
bull Link to the purpose of the paper
II
bull Short and concise remarks regarding the findings
III
bull Contributions of the study
IV
bull Limitations of the research
bull Future research directions
GENERAL ASSESSMENT OF THE TOPIC amp
LINK TO THE PURPOSE OF THE PAPER
ldquoBoth globalization and business cycles are elusive economical
phenomena hence they represents a continuous research puzzle
for the academic community and an inexhaustible source of
possible inquiriesrdquo
ldquoThe main purpose of the research was to assess the business
cycle synchronization patterns inside the G7 in order to better
grasp the transformations that hellipldquo
SHORT AND CONCISE REMARKS
REGARDING THE FINDINGS
ldquoThe study has showed that in general hellip One of the
more important findings that emerge from the research
is fact that hellipThe second major finding is that hellip thus it
highlights the cases of hellip previously discussed It can
also be said that helliprdquo
CONTRIBUTIONS OF THE STUDY
ldquoThe contribution of the research founded on the
existence of resides in the explanation of and
also the Another implication of the present paper is
that it highlights the importance rdquo
ldquoThe novelty of the study is the use the ltlt X gtgt method
in order to study the helliprdquo
LIMITATIONS amp FUTURE RESEARCH
DIRECTIONS
ldquoThe future directions of study
will aim to enlarge the sample
and employ if possible
additional variables and
quarterly datardquo
ldquoThe limitations of the research
derive from therdquo
bull sample size
bull variables employed
bull types of data (annual
quarterly etc)
bull methods
bull time span
Connection with the future study
direction
Abstract
bull Summarizes the research and the conclusions
bull Is your advertisment = rdquoSellsrdquo your work
bull 50-300 words (200 typical length) (Refer to
author guidelines)
bull Stand-alone (NO references)
bull Indicates usefulness
bull Targets the audience
Writing the abstract-Long version
Originalityvalue
Research limitationsimplications
Findings
Designmethodologyapproach
Purpose
bullBased on the Emerald Structured Abstract
Writing the abstract-Short version
The Findings
The Arguments
The Purpose
Fancy title
bull Academic Titles Have Three Parts
bull (A) A catchy hook that introduces the
paper in a creative way
bull (B) Specific keywords that identify the
concepts the scholar will be exploring
bull (C) The location where those keywords
will be explored
bull 8-15 words
bull Main themeresearch topic research
design + population + geographical area
Fancy title- Examples
bull Globalization versus Segregation-Business Cycles
Synchronization in Europe
bull Is trade a vector of business cycles synchronization A
Fuzzy Cluster Approach of Globalization
bull Leaders and Followers in the Business Cycle Game A
Case Study of the G7
bull Hard or fuzzy clusters in assessing business cycle
transmission
bull The reverse alchemy of the business cycle
References section
In-text citations
All the cited
works compose
the Reference
List
Types of in-text citation
bull Varies from
Journal to Journal
bull Always check the
Authorrsquos
Guidelines
bull MS Office offers
APA
Harvard
Chicago
IEEE (reference order)
ISO 690 (Numerical
reference)
Includes only the
works cited in the
paper
Contains papers
read not
necessary cited
What makes good writing
Having something
to say
Logical thinking
A few simple
learnable rules of
style
Writing- Tips and tricks
Read pay attention and imitate
Talk about your research before trying to write about it
Stop waiting for ldquoinspirationrdquo
Revise Nobody gets it perfect on the first try
Learn how to cut ruthlessly Never become too attached to your words
Drop the balast
bull 1 Cut unnecessary words and phrases
bull 2 Write with verbs use strong verbs
avoid turning verbs into nouns and donrsquot
bury the main verb
The BAD Writing Contest
bull The move from a structuralist account in which capital is
understood to structure social relations in relatively homologous
ways to a view of hegemony in which power relations are subject to
repetition convergence and rearticulation brought the question of
temporality into the thinking of structure and marked a shift from a
form of Althusserian theory that takes structural totalities as
theoretical objects to one in which the insights into the contingent
possibility of structure inaugurate a renewed conception of
hegemony as bound up with the contingent sites and strategies of
the rearticulation of power
bull Butlerrsquos Diacritics (1997)
Balast to drop-Examples
1 Dead weight words and
phrases
bull As it is well known
bull As it has been shown
bull It can be regarded that
bull It should be emphasized
that
2 Empty words and
phrases
bull methodologic
bull important
3 Long words or phrases
that could be short
4 Unnecessary jargon
and acronyms
5 Repetitive words or
phrases
6 Adverbs
bull very really quite
basically generally etc
Substitute damn every time
youre inclined to write very
your editor will delete it and the
writing will be just as it should
be(Mark Twain)
Active vs Passive voice
Passive voice (Was done)
bull For previous studies
bull Literature reviewActive voice (I We did)
bull For new exciting own results
bull Original research
Verbs make the World go round
Donrsquot turn verbs into
nouns
Donrsquot bury the
main verb
Writing Environment
bull MS Word
bull Developed for average
users
bull WYSIWYG
bull Auto references
bull Thesaurus
bull LaTeX
bull Developed for
profesionals
bull Requires learning the
syntax
bull Latex makes difficult
things easy and easy
things very difficult
bull Prefered by publishers
LaTeX
Tables and figures
Tables
bull Most journals use three
horizontal lines one
above the column
headings one below the
column headings and
one below the data
bull Follow journal guidelines
bull DO NOT copy-paste
result tables directly from
software
Figures
bull Visual impact
bull Show trends and patterns
bull Tell a quick story
bull Tell the whole story
bull Highlight a particular
result
bull Always provide caption
bull Use high resolution (1000
dpi BampW 300 dpi color)
Tables-Examples
Figures- Examples
Final draft check-list
bull Check for consistency
bull Check for numerical consistencybull Do the numbers in your abstract match the numbers in your
tablesfigurestext
bull Do the numbers in the text match those in the tablesfigures
bull Do the numbers in each tablefigure match those in other tablesfigures
bull Check your references style
bull Check your overall style
Submission information
bull Authorship
This can be a point of contention when
writing in groups so establish
expectations for roles and responsibilities
early in the writing process
bull Permissions and Approvals
bull permissions for reprinting copyrighted
material
bull Ethical Considerations
Plagiarism amp Self- plagiarism
bull Passing off other
peoplersquos writing (or
tables and figures) as
your own
bull cutting and pasting
sentences or even
phrases from another
source
bull slightly rewriting or re-
arranging othersrsquo
words
Recycling your own
writing or data
bull Copying or only
slightly rewriting text
from your own
published papers
bull Adding new data to
already published
data and presenting it
as new results
Submitting identical or overlapping data to multiple journals
Submission checklist
bull Keywords
bull JEL Codes
bull All figure captions
bull All tables (including title description)
bull Manuscript has been spell-checked and grammar-
checked
bull References are in the correct format for this journal
bull All references mentioned in the Reference list are cited
in the text and vice versa
bull Permission has been obtained for use of copyrighted
material from other sources (including the Web)
Cover letter
Put the puzzle together
LOGO
Thank You
Bibliography
bull Jaba E (2002) Statistica Editura Economică București
bull Day A amp Peters A D (1996) How to get research published in journals Aldershot
Gower
bull Academic Writing and Research Skills Workshop Mancester University
bull APA Research Style Crib Sheet by Professor Russ Dewey amp Dr Abel Scribe PhD -
Fall 2007
bull Writing Articles for Peer-Review Publications A Quick Reference Guide
bull Chin B (2004) How to write a great research paper John Wiley amp Sons
bull Pieter M Kroonenberg (2007)How to write an article Leiden University
bull Daniel P J Soule Lucy Whiteley and Shona McIntosh Writing for Scholarly
Journals eSharp
bull Stephen E Dew (2013)The 5 Step Essay Writing Process
bull Kristin Sainani Writing in the Sciences Stanford University
bull httpwebupaczasitefilesfile40753writing_an_academic_journal_articlepdf
bull Sebastian-Florian Enea Silvia Palașcă Claudiu Țigănaș (2013) G7 COUNTRIES ndash
ADVOCATES OF THE GLOBAL BUSINESS CYCLE GEBA 2013 Iași
bull Enea Sebastian (2013) EVALUATING GLOBALIZATION BY MEANS OF FUZZY
CLUSTER ANALYSIS IE Bucharest
bull Oxford Dictionary httpwwwoxforddictionariescom
Overview of the Writing Process
Narrow down a
topic for the article
Determine what type of
article to write
Select a journal to submit the
article
Write the
article
Submit the
articleReview
Re-submit article
Choosing a theme
Working Title
Choose theme
Study
Narrow theme
More study
The Writing Process in numbers
bull 1 Prewriting (70)
bull 2 Writing the first draft (10)
bull 3 Revision (20)
First draft
Revising
Pre-writing
Choosing a topic- Example
bull Crisis
bull Prediction
Business
cycle
bull Synchronization
bull Dynamic equations
bull Use GDP
Studybull The dynamic
estimation of business cycle transmission between US and the Euro area
Working title
bull ldquoIdeas are like rabbits You
get a couple and learn how
to handle them and pretty
soon you have a dozenrdquo
― John Steinbeck
Documentation
bull Databases for literature review
Free databases
bull Google Scholar
bull Directory of Open Access Journals
bull NO WIKIPEDIA
Institutional subscribtion
bull Elsevier
bull Sage
bull JSTOR
bull Springer
bull Thomson Reutersrsquo Web of Knowledge
bull Taylor amp Francis
bull Wiley-Blackwell
Payed
bull EMBASE
bull Project Muse
bull Science Direct
bull Ulrichrsquos Directory
Documentation- Tips and Tricks
Articles
bull Google scholar account-daily notifications free articles on your theme
bull All versions ndash early (free) versions of a payed article
Books
bull Libgenorg
bull Google books
Organize information
bull Theme variables methods chronological
bull Make a table with articlesbooks you have
read
bull Use JabRef (or other referencing software)
bull Use Wordrsquos Masterlist option to build a
bibliography list for future use
Organize information- Examples
bull MS-Word Masterlist
Get Data
bull Questionnaires
bull Databases (Choose only institutional DB)
Compute results
State hypothesis
Verify hypothesis
Applydevelop models
Test models (inout of sample)
Save results draw graphs
Compute results
Statistic tools
MS Excel
SPSS
EViewsR
MATLAB
USER
FRIENDLY
General
Purpose
CODE
Specific
toolboxes
Wrapping up
Lit Review
Articles
Table withideas
Database
Raw data
Data sources
Results
Numbers
Tables
Graphs (high quality)
Templates
from selected journals
Article folder
Selecting a journal
bull Check that your article would fit with
the Aims amp Scope of the journal
bull Check whether the journal is by invitation
only ndash some journals only publish invited
articles
bull Check that the publication options of the
journal meet your needs (ISI BDI)
bull SUBMIT ONLY TO ONE JOURNAL
AT A TIME
Selecting a journal
bull Check the Guide for Authors-types of
articles published acceptable language
and article length
bull Read the abstracts of recent publications
to find current hot topics
bull Articles in your References section may
also lead to the right journal
bull Use automated abstract matching tools
(only if you have already an abstract)
Selecting a journal- International
Review Speed
The average number of weeks it takes for an
article to pass through the review process for this
journal We have selected two key points
1 From manuscript submission to the initial
decision on the article
2 From manuscript submission to the final
decision to accept
Impact factor
It is a measure of the number
of times an average paper in a
particular journal is cited
during the preceding two
years
ISI Journals larr HOT LINK
Selecting a journal- Romania
bull Romanian ISI Jornals-
Economicsbull AMFITEATRU ECONOMIC
bull ECONOMIC COMPUTATION
AND ECONOMIC
CYBERNETICS STUDIES AND
RESEARCH
bull REVISTA DE CERCETARE SI
INTERVENTIE SOCIALA
bull ROMANIAN JOURNAL OF
ECONOMIC FORECASTING
bull TRANSYLVANIAN REVIEW OF
ADMINISTRATIVE SCIENCES
bull Romanian BDI (B+)
Journals
REBS
CES Working Papers
ECTAP
Add your text in here
Add your text in here
Article structure
Title
Abstract
Introduction
Methodology
Results
Conclusions
Hot Tip
New article structure
Literaturereview
Methods
Results
Introduction
Conclusions
Abstract
Fancy title
Referencelist
Literature review
2 Reasons
Not re-inventing the
wheel
Position yourcurrent
research
Structure of LR
Introduction
bull Generalization
bull Widely known information
bull OR
bull State controversy
Main body
bull Presentpreviousworks
bull Choose an order
bull Use linkages
Endingremarks
bull Summarisethe mainfindings
bull Position yourpaper
Examples
bull In the last two or three decades the emphasis put on the
process of economic globalization has shifted the
analysisrsquo focus towards an international level
bull The international literature focused mainly on analyzing
the GDP as an absolute variable or as a growth rate
(Krolzig 2003) (Li amp Liu 2004) and its connections with
hellip proposed by Frankel and Rose (1998) further
developed by Imbs (2004)
bull As a general remark the IL considers that the complex
process of economic globalization should bring a higher
degree of business cycles synchronization
Good vs Bad
bull Remember the
purpose
bull Read about purpose
bull Write within the
purpose
bull Try to read everything
bull Read but not write
bull Not keeping
bibliographic
information
bull Try to include almost
everything
bull Give to many details
A PHRASE IN NEED
A FRIEND INDEED
httpwwwphrasebankmanche
steracuksourceshtm
Google search - phrasebank
GENERAL RULE
Methodology and or methods
Methodology
bull The study of a
single or multiple
methods
Methods
bull Ways instruments
procedures
employed to
complete the
research objectives
Empirical approach
1bull Population Sample
2
bull Data
bull Variables
3bull Methods
Population and Sample
bull ldquoThe research
population is
represented by all
the European
states rdquo
bull ldquo out of which we
have selected a
number of 24
European Union
members and 6
neighbouring
countries of the EUrdquo
Very very important
Mention if you have excluded
a number of entities from the
sample and motivate why
bull ldquoSome entities were deliberately excluded
from this analysis either on lack of relevant
data or a very different economical situation
leading to outliersrdquo
Data and variables
Source
Description
of data
Mention the
calculus method
Data Variables
Data and datum
Datum = noun singular form
Data = noun plural form
DATAS - Pieces of Data
Do not try to
dribble the
English grammar
Methods section
bull Explain how you have studied the research hypotheses
issues problems etc
bull Identify and structure logically the procedures employed
New method
bull Give precise and correct details
Previously published method
bull Name and cite it
Mathematical method
bull Include the formula
Results amp Discussions
bull Present results in a clear logical
sequence
bull Link findings to the aim of the article
bull WHATrsquoS NEW
bull Discuss findings by reffering to existing
literature
bull Possible implications
bull Also report uncertainties
bull DO NOT SPECULATE JUST REPORT
Results amp Discussions
bull Use tables and figures to support your arguments
bull Provide captions and legends for all your figures and tables
bull Use measure units where appropriate
bull NEVER USE RAW DATA
bull Be parsimonious about tables and figures
bull Never duplicate (same information both in table and in figure)
Results- Statistical issues
1 Descriptive analysis of the variables and
checking assumptions- to check for correctness of the data
- to acquire a feel for the raw data so that you recognize unusual
outcomes in your results
- to check whether the assumptions of the main analysis technique
have been fulfilled to a reasonable level
- to detect and explain of missing data or subjects with unusual
data
Dependent variables Independent
variables
Reporting statistics
bull MeanStandard
Deviation and
percentages are most
clearly presented in
parenthesesldquoThe sample as a whole was
relatively young (M = 1922 SD =
345)rdquo ƒ
bull Never report the
significance level as
p =0000 correct is
p lt0001
bull Chi-square -degrees
of freedom and
sample size in
parentheses followed
by chi-square statistic
(round to two decimal
places) and the
significance level
bull ldquoThe proportion of older male
teachers was 086 whereas the
proportion of younger male
teachers was 052 This difference
is significant (2 N = 167) =
2201 p lt 01rdquo
2
Reporting statistics
bull Correlations are
reported with their
degrees of freedom
(N-2) in parentheses
together with the
significance level in
this way
bull ldquoThe two variables were strongly
correlated r(55) =49 p lt01rdquo
bull ƒ t Tests are reported
with the degrees of
freedom in
parentheses followed
by the t statistic
(rounded to two
decimal places) and
the significance level
bull ldquoThere was a significant effect for
gender t(54) = 543 p lt001 with
men receiving higher scores than
womenrdquo
Reporting statistics
bull Regression results are often best
presented in a table
bull Include the standardized slope (beta)
along with the t-test and the corresponding
significance level
bull ldquoSocial support significantly predicted depression scores beta= -34 t(225)
= 653 p lt01 Social support also explained a significant proportion of
variance in depression scores R2 =12 F(1 225) = 4264 p lt01 rdquo
Tables and figures
Tables
bull Remove grid lines
bull Make sure everything
lines up
bull Keep a reasonable
number of significant
figures
bull Leave out
unnecessary info
Figures
bull Line Graphs-Used to
show trends over
time age
bull Bar Graphs- Used to
compare groups at
one time point
bull Scatter Plots- Used to
show relationships
between two
variables
Tables and figures- Example
Tables and figures
Do-s
bull Labeling
bull Numbering
bull Positioning
bull In-text referencing
bull Larger tables and
figuresmdashplace large
tables or figures in the
appendices
Donrsquot-s
bull Dont restructure data
from an information
source into another
format
bull Dont give extensive
descriptions in your
writing of the contents
of a table or diagram
The information in a
table or diagram tells
its own story
Insights regarding the
Introduction
Comunicates thereseach area
The authorrsquos position
Create the RESEARCH
SPACE
Short structure
bull Establish a territory ndash identify the research topic1
bull Identify a niche ndash issues gaps dilemmas that demand attention
2
bull State what your paper is going to address3
Suggested structure
Ibull Generalization about the topic
II
bull Short insights regarding the topic and or concepts (definitions debates academic conflicts)
IIIbull Find the research issue or gap
IV bull State very clearly the purpose
Vbull Structure of the article
GENERALIZATION ABOUT THE
TOPIC
ldquoConsidered to be one of the most important
contemporary phenomena by the national and
international literature globalization represents
a key research issue within in the academic
fieldrdquo
SHORT INSIGHTS REGARDING THE
TOPIC AND OR CONCEPTS
ldquoUsed as a term for the first time in 1983 in order to
(citation) globalization can be perceived as rdquo
The literature on business cycles acknowledges two
types of cycles the ldquoclassicalrdquo cycle as defined by hellip
(citation) and the one based on deviations or growths
where the underlying idea is that hellip (citation) ldquo
FIND THE RESEARCH ISSUE OR
GAP
ldquoThe main challenge that globalization puts forward
is that of finding alternative methods that can evaluate
its impact on the international economy
an analysis based on the idea that business cycles
synchronization represents a direct effect of
globalization offers the possibility to better grasp the
nature and dynamics of these vast processesrdquo
State very clearly the purpose
bull The present study seeks to
address the following questions
Are there pieces of evidence
regarding the synchronization
of business cycles between
the G7 countries and if this
is proved to be true
Can these seven countries be
considered the promoters of
economic globalization
This paper aims to estimate the synchronization of business cycles
perceived as an effect of globalization on the basis of the relationship
that exists between the growth rate of the GDP and inflows and
outflows of foreign direct investments (FDI) considered as percentage
of the GDP
Tips for writing the
Conclusions
bull Conclusions = the summing-up of an
argument or text
bull From the verb to conclude = to bring or
come to an end to sum up
Suggested structure
I
bull General assessment of the topic
bull Link to the purpose of the paper
II
bull Short and concise remarks regarding the findings
III
bull Contributions of the study
IV
bull Limitations of the research
bull Future research directions
GENERAL ASSESSMENT OF THE TOPIC amp
LINK TO THE PURPOSE OF THE PAPER
ldquoBoth globalization and business cycles are elusive economical
phenomena hence they represents a continuous research puzzle
for the academic community and an inexhaustible source of
possible inquiriesrdquo
ldquoThe main purpose of the research was to assess the business
cycle synchronization patterns inside the G7 in order to better
grasp the transformations that hellipldquo
SHORT AND CONCISE REMARKS
REGARDING THE FINDINGS
ldquoThe study has showed that in general hellip One of the
more important findings that emerge from the research
is fact that hellipThe second major finding is that hellip thus it
highlights the cases of hellip previously discussed It can
also be said that helliprdquo
CONTRIBUTIONS OF THE STUDY
ldquoThe contribution of the research founded on the
existence of resides in the explanation of and
also the Another implication of the present paper is
that it highlights the importance rdquo
ldquoThe novelty of the study is the use the ltlt X gtgt method
in order to study the helliprdquo
LIMITATIONS amp FUTURE RESEARCH
DIRECTIONS
ldquoThe future directions of study
will aim to enlarge the sample
and employ if possible
additional variables and
quarterly datardquo
ldquoThe limitations of the research
derive from therdquo
bull sample size
bull variables employed
bull types of data (annual
quarterly etc)
bull methods
bull time span
Connection with the future study
direction
Abstract
bull Summarizes the research and the conclusions
bull Is your advertisment = rdquoSellsrdquo your work
bull 50-300 words (200 typical length) (Refer to
author guidelines)
bull Stand-alone (NO references)
bull Indicates usefulness
bull Targets the audience
Writing the abstract-Long version
Originalityvalue
Research limitationsimplications
Findings
Designmethodologyapproach
Purpose
bullBased on the Emerald Structured Abstract
Writing the abstract-Short version
The Findings
The Arguments
The Purpose
Fancy title
bull Academic Titles Have Three Parts
bull (A) A catchy hook that introduces the
paper in a creative way
bull (B) Specific keywords that identify the
concepts the scholar will be exploring
bull (C) The location where those keywords
will be explored
bull 8-15 words
bull Main themeresearch topic research
design + population + geographical area
Fancy title- Examples
bull Globalization versus Segregation-Business Cycles
Synchronization in Europe
bull Is trade a vector of business cycles synchronization A
Fuzzy Cluster Approach of Globalization
bull Leaders and Followers in the Business Cycle Game A
Case Study of the G7
bull Hard or fuzzy clusters in assessing business cycle
transmission
bull The reverse alchemy of the business cycle
References section
In-text citations
All the cited
works compose
the Reference
List
Types of in-text citation
bull Varies from
Journal to Journal
bull Always check the
Authorrsquos
Guidelines
bull MS Office offers
APA
Harvard
Chicago
IEEE (reference order)
ISO 690 (Numerical
reference)
Includes only the
works cited in the
paper
Contains papers
read not
necessary cited
What makes good writing
Having something
to say
Logical thinking
A few simple
learnable rules of
style
Writing- Tips and tricks
Read pay attention and imitate
Talk about your research before trying to write about it
Stop waiting for ldquoinspirationrdquo
Revise Nobody gets it perfect on the first try
Learn how to cut ruthlessly Never become too attached to your words
Drop the balast
bull 1 Cut unnecessary words and phrases
bull 2 Write with verbs use strong verbs
avoid turning verbs into nouns and donrsquot
bury the main verb
The BAD Writing Contest
bull The move from a structuralist account in which capital is
understood to structure social relations in relatively homologous
ways to a view of hegemony in which power relations are subject to
repetition convergence and rearticulation brought the question of
temporality into the thinking of structure and marked a shift from a
form of Althusserian theory that takes structural totalities as
theoretical objects to one in which the insights into the contingent
possibility of structure inaugurate a renewed conception of
hegemony as bound up with the contingent sites and strategies of
the rearticulation of power
bull Butlerrsquos Diacritics (1997)
Balast to drop-Examples
1 Dead weight words and
phrases
bull As it is well known
bull As it has been shown
bull It can be regarded that
bull It should be emphasized
that
2 Empty words and
phrases
bull methodologic
bull important
3 Long words or phrases
that could be short
4 Unnecessary jargon
and acronyms
5 Repetitive words or
phrases
6 Adverbs
bull very really quite
basically generally etc
Substitute damn every time
youre inclined to write very
your editor will delete it and the
writing will be just as it should
be(Mark Twain)
Active vs Passive voice
Passive voice (Was done)
bull For previous studies
bull Literature reviewActive voice (I We did)
bull For new exciting own results
bull Original research
Verbs make the World go round
Donrsquot turn verbs into
nouns
Donrsquot bury the
main verb
Writing Environment
bull MS Word
bull Developed for average
users
bull WYSIWYG
bull Auto references
bull Thesaurus
bull LaTeX
bull Developed for
profesionals
bull Requires learning the
syntax
bull Latex makes difficult
things easy and easy
things very difficult
bull Prefered by publishers
LaTeX
Tables and figures
Tables
bull Most journals use three
horizontal lines one
above the column
headings one below the
column headings and
one below the data
bull Follow journal guidelines
bull DO NOT copy-paste
result tables directly from
software
Figures
bull Visual impact
bull Show trends and patterns
bull Tell a quick story
bull Tell the whole story
bull Highlight a particular
result
bull Always provide caption
bull Use high resolution (1000
dpi BampW 300 dpi color)
Tables-Examples
Figures- Examples
Final draft check-list
bull Check for consistency
bull Check for numerical consistencybull Do the numbers in your abstract match the numbers in your
tablesfigurestext
bull Do the numbers in the text match those in the tablesfigures
bull Do the numbers in each tablefigure match those in other tablesfigures
bull Check your references style
bull Check your overall style
Submission information
bull Authorship
This can be a point of contention when
writing in groups so establish
expectations for roles and responsibilities
early in the writing process
bull Permissions and Approvals
bull permissions for reprinting copyrighted
material
bull Ethical Considerations
Plagiarism amp Self- plagiarism
bull Passing off other
peoplersquos writing (or
tables and figures) as
your own
bull cutting and pasting
sentences or even
phrases from another
source
bull slightly rewriting or re-
arranging othersrsquo
words
Recycling your own
writing or data
bull Copying or only
slightly rewriting text
from your own
published papers
bull Adding new data to
already published
data and presenting it
as new results
Submitting identical or overlapping data to multiple journals
Submission checklist
bull Keywords
bull JEL Codes
bull All figure captions
bull All tables (including title description)
bull Manuscript has been spell-checked and grammar-
checked
bull References are in the correct format for this journal
bull All references mentioned in the Reference list are cited
in the text and vice versa
bull Permission has been obtained for use of copyrighted
material from other sources (including the Web)
Cover letter
Put the puzzle together
LOGO
Thank You
Bibliography
bull Jaba E (2002) Statistica Editura Economică București
bull Day A amp Peters A D (1996) How to get research published in journals Aldershot
Gower
bull Academic Writing and Research Skills Workshop Mancester University
bull APA Research Style Crib Sheet by Professor Russ Dewey amp Dr Abel Scribe PhD -
Fall 2007
bull Writing Articles for Peer-Review Publications A Quick Reference Guide
bull Chin B (2004) How to write a great research paper John Wiley amp Sons
bull Pieter M Kroonenberg (2007)How to write an article Leiden University
bull Daniel P J Soule Lucy Whiteley and Shona McIntosh Writing for Scholarly
Journals eSharp
bull Stephen E Dew (2013)The 5 Step Essay Writing Process
bull Kristin Sainani Writing in the Sciences Stanford University
bull httpwebupaczasitefilesfile40753writing_an_academic_journal_articlepdf
bull Sebastian-Florian Enea Silvia Palașcă Claudiu Țigănaș (2013) G7 COUNTRIES ndash
ADVOCATES OF THE GLOBAL BUSINESS CYCLE GEBA 2013 Iași
bull Enea Sebastian (2013) EVALUATING GLOBALIZATION BY MEANS OF FUZZY
CLUSTER ANALYSIS IE Bucharest
bull Oxford Dictionary httpwwwoxforddictionariescom
Choosing a theme
Working Title
Choose theme
Study
Narrow theme
More study
The Writing Process in numbers
bull 1 Prewriting (70)
bull 2 Writing the first draft (10)
bull 3 Revision (20)
First draft
Revising
Pre-writing
Choosing a topic- Example
bull Crisis
bull Prediction
Business
cycle
bull Synchronization
bull Dynamic equations
bull Use GDP
Studybull The dynamic
estimation of business cycle transmission between US and the Euro area
Working title
bull ldquoIdeas are like rabbits You
get a couple and learn how
to handle them and pretty
soon you have a dozenrdquo
― John Steinbeck
Documentation
bull Databases for literature review
Free databases
bull Google Scholar
bull Directory of Open Access Journals
bull NO WIKIPEDIA
Institutional subscribtion
bull Elsevier
bull Sage
bull JSTOR
bull Springer
bull Thomson Reutersrsquo Web of Knowledge
bull Taylor amp Francis
bull Wiley-Blackwell
Payed
bull EMBASE
bull Project Muse
bull Science Direct
bull Ulrichrsquos Directory
Documentation- Tips and Tricks
Articles
bull Google scholar account-daily notifications free articles on your theme
bull All versions ndash early (free) versions of a payed article
Books
bull Libgenorg
bull Google books
Organize information
bull Theme variables methods chronological
bull Make a table with articlesbooks you have
read
bull Use JabRef (or other referencing software)
bull Use Wordrsquos Masterlist option to build a
bibliography list for future use
Organize information- Examples
bull MS-Word Masterlist
Get Data
bull Questionnaires
bull Databases (Choose only institutional DB)
Compute results
State hypothesis
Verify hypothesis
Applydevelop models
Test models (inout of sample)
Save results draw graphs
Compute results
Statistic tools
MS Excel
SPSS
EViewsR
MATLAB
USER
FRIENDLY
General
Purpose
CODE
Specific
toolboxes
Wrapping up
Lit Review
Articles
Table withideas
Database
Raw data
Data sources
Results
Numbers
Tables
Graphs (high quality)
Templates
from selected journals
Article folder
Selecting a journal
bull Check that your article would fit with
the Aims amp Scope of the journal
bull Check whether the journal is by invitation
only ndash some journals only publish invited
articles
bull Check that the publication options of the
journal meet your needs (ISI BDI)
bull SUBMIT ONLY TO ONE JOURNAL
AT A TIME
Selecting a journal
bull Check the Guide for Authors-types of
articles published acceptable language
and article length
bull Read the abstracts of recent publications
to find current hot topics
bull Articles in your References section may
also lead to the right journal
bull Use automated abstract matching tools
(only if you have already an abstract)
Selecting a journal- International
Review Speed
The average number of weeks it takes for an
article to pass through the review process for this
journal We have selected two key points
1 From manuscript submission to the initial
decision on the article
2 From manuscript submission to the final
decision to accept
Impact factor
It is a measure of the number
of times an average paper in a
particular journal is cited
during the preceding two
years
ISI Journals larr HOT LINK
Selecting a journal- Romania
bull Romanian ISI Jornals-
Economicsbull AMFITEATRU ECONOMIC
bull ECONOMIC COMPUTATION
AND ECONOMIC
CYBERNETICS STUDIES AND
RESEARCH
bull REVISTA DE CERCETARE SI
INTERVENTIE SOCIALA
bull ROMANIAN JOURNAL OF
ECONOMIC FORECASTING
bull TRANSYLVANIAN REVIEW OF
ADMINISTRATIVE SCIENCES
bull Romanian BDI (B+)
Journals
REBS
CES Working Papers
ECTAP
Add your text in here
Add your text in here
Article structure
Title
Abstract
Introduction
Methodology
Results
Conclusions
Hot Tip
New article structure
Literaturereview
Methods
Results
Introduction
Conclusions
Abstract
Fancy title
Referencelist
Literature review
2 Reasons
Not re-inventing the
wheel
Position yourcurrent
research
Structure of LR
Introduction
bull Generalization
bull Widely known information
bull OR
bull State controversy
Main body
bull Presentpreviousworks
bull Choose an order
bull Use linkages
Endingremarks
bull Summarisethe mainfindings
bull Position yourpaper
Examples
bull In the last two or three decades the emphasis put on the
process of economic globalization has shifted the
analysisrsquo focus towards an international level
bull The international literature focused mainly on analyzing
the GDP as an absolute variable or as a growth rate
(Krolzig 2003) (Li amp Liu 2004) and its connections with
hellip proposed by Frankel and Rose (1998) further
developed by Imbs (2004)
bull As a general remark the IL considers that the complex
process of economic globalization should bring a higher
degree of business cycles synchronization
Good vs Bad
bull Remember the
purpose
bull Read about purpose
bull Write within the
purpose
bull Try to read everything
bull Read but not write
bull Not keeping
bibliographic
information
bull Try to include almost
everything
bull Give to many details
A PHRASE IN NEED
A FRIEND INDEED
httpwwwphrasebankmanche
steracuksourceshtm
Google search - phrasebank
GENERAL RULE
Methodology and or methods
Methodology
bull The study of a
single or multiple
methods
Methods
bull Ways instruments
procedures
employed to
complete the
research objectives
Empirical approach
1bull Population Sample
2
bull Data
bull Variables
3bull Methods
Population and Sample
bull ldquoThe research
population is
represented by all
the European
states rdquo
bull ldquo out of which we
have selected a
number of 24
European Union
members and 6
neighbouring
countries of the EUrdquo
Very very important
Mention if you have excluded
a number of entities from the
sample and motivate why
bull ldquoSome entities were deliberately excluded
from this analysis either on lack of relevant
data or a very different economical situation
leading to outliersrdquo
Data and variables
Source
Description
of data
Mention the
calculus method
Data Variables
Data and datum
Datum = noun singular form
Data = noun plural form
DATAS - Pieces of Data
Do not try to
dribble the
English grammar
Methods section
bull Explain how you have studied the research hypotheses
issues problems etc
bull Identify and structure logically the procedures employed
New method
bull Give precise and correct details
Previously published method
bull Name and cite it
Mathematical method
bull Include the formula
Results amp Discussions
bull Present results in a clear logical
sequence
bull Link findings to the aim of the article
bull WHATrsquoS NEW
bull Discuss findings by reffering to existing
literature
bull Possible implications
bull Also report uncertainties
bull DO NOT SPECULATE JUST REPORT
Results amp Discussions
bull Use tables and figures to support your arguments
bull Provide captions and legends for all your figures and tables
bull Use measure units where appropriate
bull NEVER USE RAW DATA
bull Be parsimonious about tables and figures
bull Never duplicate (same information both in table and in figure)
Results- Statistical issues
1 Descriptive analysis of the variables and
checking assumptions- to check for correctness of the data
- to acquire a feel for the raw data so that you recognize unusual
outcomes in your results
- to check whether the assumptions of the main analysis technique
have been fulfilled to a reasonable level
- to detect and explain of missing data or subjects with unusual
data
Dependent variables Independent
variables
Reporting statistics
bull MeanStandard
Deviation and
percentages are most
clearly presented in
parenthesesldquoThe sample as a whole was
relatively young (M = 1922 SD =
345)rdquo ƒ
bull Never report the
significance level as
p =0000 correct is
p lt0001
bull Chi-square -degrees
of freedom and
sample size in
parentheses followed
by chi-square statistic
(round to two decimal
places) and the
significance level
bull ldquoThe proportion of older male
teachers was 086 whereas the
proportion of younger male
teachers was 052 This difference
is significant (2 N = 167) =
2201 p lt 01rdquo
2
Reporting statistics
bull Correlations are
reported with their
degrees of freedom
(N-2) in parentheses
together with the
significance level in
this way
bull ldquoThe two variables were strongly
correlated r(55) =49 p lt01rdquo
bull ƒ t Tests are reported
with the degrees of
freedom in
parentheses followed
by the t statistic
(rounded to two
decimal places) and
the significance level
bull ldquoThere was a significant effect for
gender t(54) = 543 p lt001 with
men receiving higher scores than
womenrdquo
Reporting statistics
bull Regression results are often best
presented in a table
bull Include the standardized slope (beta)
along with the t-test and the corresponding
significance level
bull ldquoSocial support significantly predicted depression scores beta= -34 t(225)
= 653 p lt01 Social support also explained a significant proportion of
variance in depression scores R2 =12 F(1 225) = 4264 p lt01 rdquo
Tables and figures
Tables
bull Remove grid lines
bull Make sure everything
lines up
bull Keep a reasonable
number of significant
figures
bull Leave out
unnecessary info
Figures
bull Line Graphs-Used to
show trends over
time age
bull Bar Graphs- Used to
compare groups at
one time point
bull Scatter Plots- Used to
show relationships
between two
variables
Tables and figures- Example
Tables and figures
Do-s
bull Labeling
bull Numbering
bull Positioning
bull In-text referencing
bull Larger tables and
figuresmdashplace large
tables or figures in the
appendices
Donrsquot-s
bull Dont restructure data
from an information
source into another
format
bull Dont give extensive
descriptions in your
writing of the contents
of a table or diagram
The information in a
table or diagram tells
its own story
Insights regarding the
Introduction
Comunicates thereseach area
The authorrsquos position
Create the RESEARCH
SPACE
Short structure
bull Establish a territory ndash identify the research topic1
bull Identify a niche ndash issues gaps dilemmas that demand attention
2
bull State what your paper is going to address3
Suggested structure
Ibull Generalization about the topic
II
bull Short insights regarding the topic and or concepts (definitions debates academic conflicts)
IIIbull Find the research issue or gap
IV bull State very clearly the purpose
Vbull Structure of the article
GENERALIZATION ABOUT THE
TOPIC
ldquoConsidered to be one of the most important
contemporary phenomena by the national and
international literature globalization represents
a key research issue within in the academic
fieldrdquo
SHORT INSIGHTS REGARDING THE
TOPIC AND OR CONCEPTS
ldquoUsed as a term for the first time in 1983 in order to
(citation) globalization can be perceived as rdquo
The literature on business cycles acknowledges two
types of cycles the ldquoclassicalrdquo cycle as defined by hellip
(citation) and the one based on deviations or growths
where the underlying idea is that hellip (citation) ldquo
FIND THE RESEARCH ISSUE OR
GAP
ldquoThe main challenge that globalization puts forward
is that of finding alternative methods that can evaluate
its impact on the international economy
an analysis based on the idea that business cycles
synchronization represents a direct effect of
globalization offers the possibility to better grasp the
nature and dynamics of these vast processesrdquo
State very clearly the purpose
bull The present study seeks to
address the following questions
Are there pieces of evidence
regarding the synchronization
of business cycles between
the G7 countries and if this
is proved to be true
Can these seven countries be
considered the promoters of
economic globalization
This paper aims to estimate the synchronization of business cycles
perceived as an effect of globalization on the basis of the relationship
that exists between the growth rate of the GDP and inflows and
outflows of foreign direct investments (FDI) considered as percentage
of the GDP
Tips for writing the
Conclusions
bull Conclusions = the summing-up of an
argument or text
bull From the verb to conclude = to bring or
come to an end to sum up
Suggested structure
I
bull General assessment of the topic
bull Link to the purpose of the paper
II
bull Short and concise remarks regarding the findings
III
bull Contributions of the study
IV
bull Limitations of the research
bull Future research directions
GENERAL ASSESSMENT OF THE TOPIC amp
LINK TO THE PURPOSE OF THE PAPER
ldquoBoth globalization and business cycles are elusive economical
phenomena hence they represents a continuous research puzzle
for the academic community and an inexhaustible source of
possible inquiriesrdquo
ldquoThe main purpose of the research was to assess the business
cycle synchronization patterns inside the G7 in order to better
grasp the transformations that hellipldquo
SHORT AND CONCISE REMARKS
REGARDING THE FINDINGS
ldquoThe study has showed that in general hellip One of the
more important findings that emerge from the research
is fact that hellipThe second major finding is that hellip thus it
highlights the cases of hellip previously discussed It can
also be said that helliprdquo
CONTRIBUTIONS OF THE STUDY
ldquoThe contribution of the research founded on the
existence of resides in the explanation of and
also the Another implication of the present paper is
that it highlights the importance rdquo
ldquoThe novelty of the study is the use the ltlt X gtgt method
in order to study the helliprdquo
LIMITATIONS amp FUTURE RESEARCH
DIRECTIONS
ldquoThe future directions of study
will aim to enlarge the sample
and employ if possible
additional variables and
quarterly datardquo
ldquoThe limitations of the research
derive from therdquo
bull sample size
bull variables employed
bull types of data (annual
quarterly etc)
bull methods
bull time span
Connection with the future study
direction
Abstract
bull Summarizes the research and the conclusions
bull Is your advertisment = rdquoSellsrdquo your work
bull 50-300 words (200 typical length) (Refer to
author guidelines)
bull Stand-alone (NO references)
bull Indicates usefulness
bull Targets the audience
Writing the abstract-Long version
Originalityvalue
Research limitationsimplications
Findings
Designmethodologyapproach
Purpose
bullBased on the Emerald Structured Abstract
Writing the abstract-Short version
The Findings
The Arguments
The Purpose
Fancy title
bull Academic Titles Have Three Parts
bull (A) A catchy hook that introduces the
paper in a creative way
bull (B) Specific keywords that identify the
concepts the scholar will be exploring
bull (C) The location where those keywords
will be explored
bull 8-15 words
bull Main themeresearch topic research
design + population + geographical area
Fancy title- Examples
bull Globalization versus Segregation-Business Cycles
Synchronization in Europe
bull Is trade a vector of business cycles synchronization A
Fuzzy Cluster Approach of Globalization
bull Leaders and Followers in the Business Cycle Game A
Case Study of the G7
bull Hard or fuzzy clusters in assessing business cycle
transmission
bull The reverse alchemy of the business cycle
References section
In-text citations
All the cited
works compose
the Reference
List
Types of in-text citation
bull Varies from
Journal to Journal
bull Always check the
Authorrsquos
Guidelines
bull MS Office offers
APA
Harvard
Chicago
IEEE (reference order)
ISO 690 (Numerical
reference)
Includes only the
works cited in the
paper
Contains papers
read not
necessary cited
What makes good writing
Having something
to say
Logical thinking
A few simple
learnable rules of
style
Writing- Tips and tricks
Read pay attention and imitate
Talk about your research before trying to write about it
Stop waiting for ldquoinspirationrdquo
Revise Nobody gets it perfect on the first try
Learn how to cut ruthlessly Never become too attached to your words
Drop the balast
bull 1 Cut unnecessary words and phrases
bull 2 Write with verbs use strong verbs
avoid turning verbs into nouns and donrsquot
bury the main verb
The BAD Writing Contest
bull The move from a structuralist account in which capital is
understood to structure social relations in relatively homologous
ways to a view of hegemony in which power relations are subject to
repetition convergence and rearticulation brought the question of
temporality into the thinking of structure and marked a shift from a
form of Althusserian theory that takes structural totalities as
theoretical objects to one in which the insights into the contingent
possibility of structure inaugurate a renewed conception of
hegemony as bound up with the contingent sites and strategies of
the rearticulation of power
bull Butlerrsquos Diacritics (1997)
Balast to drop-Examples
1 Dead weight words and
phrases
bull As it is well known
bull As it has been shown
bull It can be regarded that
bull It should be emphasized
that
2 Empty words and
phrases
bull methodologic
bull important
3 Long words or phrases
that could be short
4 Unnecessary jargon
and acronyms
5 Repetitive words or
phrases
6 Adverbs
bull very really quite
basically generally etc
Substitute damn every time
youre inclined to write very
your editor will delete it and the
writing will be just as it should
be(Mark Twain)
Active vs Passive voice
Passive voice (Was done)
bull For previous studies
bull Literature reviewActive voice (I We did)
bull For new exciting own results
bull Original research
Verbs make the World go round
Donrsquot turn verbs into
nouns
Donrsquot bury the
main verb
Writing Environment
bull MS Word
bull Developed for average
users
bull WYSIWYG
bull Auto references
bull Thesaurus
bull LaTeX
bull Developed for
profesionals
bull Requires learning the
syntax
bull Latex makes difficult
things easy and easy
things very difficult
bull Prefered by publishers
LaTeX
Tables and figures
Tables
bull Most journals use three
horizontal lines one
above the column
headings one below the
column headings and
one below the data
bull Follow journal guidelines
bull DO NOT copy-paste
result tables directly from
software
Figures
bull Visual impact
bull Show trends and patterns
bull Tell a quick story
bull Tell the whole story
bull Highlight a particular
result
bull Always provide caption
bull Use high resolution (1000
dpi BampW 300 dpi color)
Tables-Examples
Figures- Examples
Final draft check-list
bull Check for consistency
bull Check for numerical consistencybull Do the numbers in your abstract match the numbers in your
tablesfigurestext
bull Do the numbers in the text match those in the tablesfigures
bull Do the numbers in each tablefigure match those in other tablesfigures
bull Check your references style
bull Check your overall style
Submission information
bull Authorship
This can be a point of contention when
writing in groups so establish
expectations for roles and responsibilities
early in the writing process
bull Permissions and Approvals
bull permissions for reprinting copyrighted
material
bull Ethical Considerations
Plagiarism amp Self- plagiarism
bull Passing off other
peoplersquos writing (or
tables and figures) as
your own
bull cutting and pasting
sentences or even
phrases from another
source
bull slightly rewriting or re-
arranging othersrsquo
words
Recycling your own
writing or data
bull Copying or only
slightly rewriting text
from your own
published papers
bull Adding new data to
already published
data and presenting it
as new results
Submitting identical or overlapping data to multiple journals
Submission checklist
bull Keywords
bull JEL Codes
bull All figure captions
bull All tables (including title description)
bull Manuscript has been spell-checked and grammar-
checked
bull References are in the correct format for this journal
bull All references mentioned in the Reference list are cited
in the text and vice versa
bull Permission has been obtained for use of copyrighted
material from other sources (including the Web)
Cover letter
Put the puzzle together
LOGO
Thank You
Bibliography
bull Jaba E (2002) Statistica Editura Economică București
bull Day A amp Peters A D (1996) How to get research published in journals Aldershot
Gower
bull Academic Writing and Research Skills Workshop Mancester University
bull APA Research Style Crib Sheet by Professor Russ Dewey amp Dr Abel Scribe PhD -
Fall 2007
bull Writing Articles for Peer-Review Publications A Quick Reference Guide
bull Chin B (2004) How to write a great research paper John Wiley amp Sons
bull Pieter M Kroonenberg (2007)How to write an article Leiden University
bull Daniel P J Soule Lucy Whiteley and Shona McIntosh Writing for Scholarly
Journals eSharp
bull Stephen E Dew (2013)The 5 Step Essay Writing Process
bull Kristin Sainani Writing in the Sciences Stanford University
bull httpwebupaczasitefilesfile40753writing_an_academic_journal_articlepdf
bull Sebastian-Florian Enea Silvia Palașcă Claudiu Țigănaș (2013) G7 COUNTRIES ndash
ADVOCATES OF THE GLOBAL BUSINESS CYCLE GEBA 2013 Iași
bull Enea Sebastian (2013) EVALUATING GLOBALIZATION BY MEANS OF FUZZY
CLUSTER ANALYSIS IE Bucharest
bull Oxford Dictionary httpwwwoxforddictionariescom
The Writing Process in numbers
bull 1 Prewriting (70)
bull 2 Writing the first draft (10)
bull 3 Revision (20)
First draft
Revising
Pre-writing
Choosing a topic- Example
bull Crisis
bull Prediction
Business
cycle
bull Synchronization
bull Dynamic equations
bull Use GDP
Studybull The dynamic
estimation of business cycle transmission between US and the Euro area
Working title
bull ldquoIdeas are like rabbits You
get a couple and learn how
to handle them and pretty
soon you have a dozenrdquo
― John Steinbeck
Documentation
bull Databases for literature review
Free databases
bull Google Scholar
bull Directory of Open Access Journals
bull NO WIKIPEDIA
Institutional subscribtion
bull Elsevier
bull Sage
bull JSTOR
bull Springer
bull Thomson Reutersrsquo Web of Knowledge
bull Taylor amp Francis
bull Wiley-Blackwell
Payed
bull EMBASE
bull Project Muse
bull Science Direct
bull Ulrichrsquos Directory
Documentation- Tips and Tricks
Articles
bull Google scholar account-daily notifications free articles on your theme
bull All versions ndash early (free) versions of a payed article
Books
bull Libgenorg
bull Google books
Organize information
bull Theme variables methods chronological
bull Make a table with articlesbooks you have
read
bull Use JabRef (or other referencing software)
bull Use Wordrsquos Masterlist option to build a
bibliography list for future use
Organize information- Examples
bull MS-Word Masterlist
Get Data
bull Questionnaires
bull Databases (Choose only institutional DB)
Compute results
State hypothesis
Verify hypothesis
Applydevelop models
Test models (inout of sample)
Save results draw graphs
Compute results
Statistic tools
MS Excel
SPSS
EViewsR
MATLAB
USER
FRIENDLY
General
Purpose
CODE
Specific
toolboxes
Wrapping up
Lit Review
Articles
Table withideas
Database
Raw data
Data sources
Results
Numbers
Tables
Graphs (high quality)
Templates
from selected journals
Article folder
Selecting a journal
bull Check that your article would fit with
the Aims amp Scope of the journal
bull Check whether the journal is by invitation
only ndash some journals only publish invited
articles
bull Check that the publication options of the
journal meet your needs (ISI BDI)
bull SUBMIT ONLY TO ONE JOURNAL
AT A TIME
Selecting a journal
bull Check the Guide for Authors-types of
articles published acceptable language
and article length
bull Read the abstracts of recent publications
to find current hot topics
bull Articles in your References section may
also lead to the right journal
bull Use automated abstract matching tools
(only if you have already an abstract)
Selecting a journal- International
Review Speed
The average number of weeks it takes for an
article to pass through the review process for this
journal We have selected two key points
1 From manuscript submission to the initial
decision on the article
2 From manuscript submission to the final
decision to accept
Impact factor
It is a measure of the number
of times an average paper in a
particular journal is cited
during the preceding two
years
ISI Journals larr HOT LINK
Selecting a journal- Romania
bull Romanian ISI Jornals-
Economicsbull AMFITEATRU ECONOMIC
bull ECONOMIC COMPUTATION
AND ECONOMIC
CYBERNETICS STUDIES AND
RESEARCH
bull REVISTA DE CERCETARE SI
INTERVENTIE SOCIALA
bull ROMANIAN JOURNAL OF
ECONOMIC FORECASTING
bull TRANSYLVANIAN REVIEW OF
ADMINISTRATIVE SCIENCES
bull Romanian BDI (B+)
Journals
REBS
CES Working Papers
ECTAP
Add your text in here
Add your text in here
Article structure
Title
Abstract
Introduction
Methodology
Results
Conclusions
Hot Tip
New article structure
Literaturereview
Methods
Results
Introduction
Conclusions
Abstract
Fancy title
Referencelist
Literature review
2 Reasons
Not re-inventing the
wheel
Position yourcurrent
research
Structure of LR
Introduction
bull Generalization
bull Widely known information
bull OR
bull State controversy
Main body
bull Presentpreviousworks
bull Choose an order
bull Use linkages
Endingremarks
bull Summarisethe mainfindings
bull Position yourpaper
Examples
bull In the last two or three decades the emphasis put on the
process of economic globalization has shifted the
analysisrsquo focus towards an international level
bull The international literature focused mainly on analyzing
the GDP as an absolute variable or as a growth rate
(Krolzig 2003) (Li amp Liu 2004) and its connections with
hellip proposed by Frankel and Rose (1998) further
developed by Imbs (2004)
bull As a general remark the IL considers that the complex
process of economic globalization should bring a higher
degree of business cycles synchronization
Good vs Bad
bull Remember the
purpose
bull Read about purpose
bull Write within the
purpose
bull Try to read everything
bull Read but not write
bull Not keeping
bibliographic
information
bull Try to include almost
everything
bull Give to many details
A PHRASE IN NEED
A FRIEND INDEED
httpwwwphrasebankmanche
steracuksourceshtm
Google search - phrasebank
GENERAL RULE
Methodology and or methods
Methodology
bull The study of a
single or multiple
methods
Methods
bull Ways instruments
procedures
employed to
complete the
research objectives
Empirical approach
1bull Population Sample
2
bull Data
bull Variables
3bull Methods
Population and Sample
bull ldquoThe research
population is
represented by all
the European
states rdquo
bull ldquo out of which we
have selected a
number of 24
European Union
members and 6
neighbouring
countries of the EUrdquo
Very very important
Mention if you have excluded
a number of entities from the
sample and motivate why
bull ldquoSome entities were deliberately excluded
from this analysis either on lack of relevant
data or a very different economical situation
leading to outliersrdquo
Data and variables
Source
Description
of data
Mention the
calculus method
Data Variables
Data and datum
Datum = noun singular form
Data = noun plural form
DATAS - Pieces of Data
Do not try to
dribble the
English grammar
Methods section
bull Explain how you have studied the research hypotheses
issues problems etc
bull Identify and structure logically the procedures employed
New method
bull Give precise and correct details
Previously published method
bull Name and cite it
Mathematical method
bull Include the formula
Results amp Discussions
bull Present results in a clear logical
sequence
bull Link findings to the aim of the article
bull WHATrsquoS NEW
bull Discuss findings by reffering to existing
literature
bull Possible implications
bull Also report uncertainties
bull DO NOT SPECULATE JUST REPORT
Results amp Discussions
bull Use tables and figures to support your arguments
bull Provide captions and legends for all your figures and tables
bull Use measure units where appropriate
bull NEVER USE RAW DATA
bull Be parsimonious about tables and figures
bull Never duplicate (same information both in table and in figure)
Results- Statistical issues
1 Descriptive analysis of the variables and
checking assumptions- to check for correctness of the data
- to acquire a feel for the raw data so that you recognize unusual
outcomes in your results
- to check whether the assumptions of the main analysis technique
have been fulfilled to a reasonable level
- to detect and explain of missing data or subjects with unusual
data
Dependent variables Independent
variables
Reporting statistics
bull MeanStandard
Deviation and
percentages are most
clearly presented in
parenthesesldquoThe sample as a whole was
relatively young (M = 1922 SD =
345)rdquo ƒ
bull Never report the
significance level as
p =0000 correct is
p lt0001
bull Chi-square -degrees
of freedom and
sample size in
parentheses followed
by chi-square statistic
(round to two decimal
places) and the
significance level
bull ldquoThe proportion of older male
teachers was 086 whereas the
proportion of younger male
teachers was 052 This difference
is significant (2 N = 167) =
2201 p lt 01rdquo
2
Reporting statistics
bull Correlations are
reported with their
degrees of freedom
(N-2) in parentheses
together with the
significance level in
this way
bull ldquoThe two variables were strongly
correlated r(55) =49 p lt01rdquo
bull ƒ t Tests are reported
with the degrees of
freedom in
parentheses followed
by the t statistic
(rounded to two
decimal places) and
the significance level
bull ldquoThere was a significant effect for
gender t(54) = 543 p lt001 with
men receiving higher scores than
womenrdquo
Reporting statistics
bull Regression results are often best
presented in a table
bull Include the standardized slope (beta)
along with the t-test and the corresponding
significance level
bull ldquoSocial support significantly predicted depression scores beta= -34 t(225)
= 653 p lt01 Social support also explained a significant proportion of
variance in depression scores R2 =12 F(1 225) = 4264 p lt01 rdquo
Tables and figures
Tables
bull Remove grid lines
bull Make sure everything
lines up
bull Keep a reasonable
number of significant
figures
bull Leave out
unnecessary info
Figures
bull Line Graphs-Used to
show trends over
time age
bull Bar Graphs- Used to
compare groups at
one time point
bull Scatter Plots- Used to
show relationships
between two
variables
Tables and figures- Example
Tables and figures
Do-s
bull Labeling
bull Numbering
bull Positioning
bull In-text referencing
bull Larger tables and
figuresmdashplace large
tables or figures in the
appendices
Donrsquot-s
bull Dont restructure data
from an information
source into another
format
bull Dont give extensive
descriptions in your
writing of the contents
of a table or diagram
The information in a
table or diagram tells
its own story
Insights regarding the
Introduction
Comunicates thereseach area
The authorrsquos position
Create the RESEARCH
SPACE
Short structure
bull Establish a territory ndash identify the research topic1
bull Identify a niche ndash issues gaps dilemmas that demand attention
2
bull State what your paper is going to address3
Suggested structure
Ibull Generalization about the topic
II
bull Short insights regarding the topic and or concepts (definitions debates academic conflicts)
IIIbull Find the research issue or gap
IV bull State very clearly the purpose
Vbull Structure of the article
GENERALIZATION ABOUT THE
TOPIC
ldquoConsidered to be one of the most important
contemporary phenomena by the national and
international literature globalization represents
a key research issue within in the academic
fieldrdquo
SHORT INSIGHTS REGARDING THE
TOPIC AND OR CONCEPTS
ldquoUsed as a term for the first time in 1983 in order to
(citation) globalization can be perceived as rdquo
The literature on business cycles acknowledges two
types of cycles the ldquoclassicalrdquo cycle as defined by hellip
(citation) and the one based on deviations or growths
where the underlying idea is that hellip (citation) ldquo
FIND THE RESEARCH ISSUE OR
GAP
ldquoThe main challenge that globalization puts forward
is that of finding alternative methods that can evaluate
its impact on the international economy
an analysis based on the idea that business cycles
synchronization represents a direct effect of
globalization offers the possibility to better grasp the
nature and dynamics of these vast processesrdquo
State very clearly the purpose
bull The present study seeks to
address the following questions
Are there pieces of evidence
regarding the synchronization
of business cycles between
the G7 countries and if this
is proved to be true
Can these seven countries be
considered the promoters of
economic globalization
This paper aims to estimate the synchronization of business cycles
perceived as an effect of globalization on the basis of the relationship
that exists between the growth rate of the GDP and inflows and
outflows of foreign direct investments (FDI) considered as percentage
of the GDP
Tips for writing the
Conclusions
bull Conclusions = the summing-up of an
argument or text
bull From the verb to conclude = to bring or
come to an end to sum up
Suggested structure
I
bull General assessment of the topic
bull Link to the purpose of the paper
II
bull Short and concise remarks regarding the findings
III
bull Contributions of the study
IV
bull Limitations of the research
bull Future research directions
GENERAL ASSESSMENT OF THE TOPIC amp
LINK TO THE PURPOSE OF THE PAPER
ldquoBoth globalization and business cycles are elusive economical
phenomena hence they represents a continuous research puzzle
for the academic community and an inexhaustible source of
possible inquiriesrdquo
ldquoThe main purpose of the research was to assess the business
cycle synchronization patterns inside the G7 in order to better
grasp the transformations that hellipldquo
SHORT AND CONCISE REMARKS
REGARDING THE FINDINGS
ldquoThe study has showed that in general hellip One of the
more important findings that emerge from the research
is fact that hellipThe second major finding is that hellip thus it
highlights the cases of hellip previously discussed It can
also be said that helliprdquo
CONTRIBUTIONS OF THE STUDY
ldquoThe contribution of the research founded on the
existence of resides in the explanation of and
also the Another implication of the present paper is
that it highlights the importance rdquo
ldquoThe novelty of the study is the use the ltlt X gtgt method
in order to study the helliprdquo
LIMITATIONS amp FUTURE RESEARCH
DIRECTIONS
ldquoThe future directions of study
will aim to enlarge the sample
and employ if possible
additional variables and
quarterly datardquo
ldquoThe limitations of the research
derive from therdquo
bull sample size
bull variables employed
bull types of data (annual
quarterly etc)
bull methods
bull time span
Connection with the future study
direction
Abstract
bull Summarizes the research and the conclusions
bull Is your advertisment = rdquoSellsrdquo your work
bull 50-300 words (200 typical length) (Refer to
author guidelines)
bull Stand-alone (NO references)
bull Indicates usefulness
bull Targets the audience
Writing the abstract-Long version
Originalityvalue
Research limitationsimplications
Findings
Designmethodologyapproach
Purpose
bullBased on the Emerald Structured Abstract
Writing the abstract-Short version
The Findings
The Arguments
The Purpose
Fancy title
bull Academic Titles Have Three Parts
bull (A) A catchy hook that introduces the
paper in a creative way
bull (B) Specific keywords that identify the
concepts the scholar will be exploring
bull (C) The location where those keywords
will be explored
bull 8-15 words
bull Main themeresearch topic research
design + population + geographical area
Fancy title- Examples
bull Globalization versus Segregation-Business Cycles
Synchronization in Europe
bull Is trade a vector of business cycles synchronization A
Fuzzy Cluster Approach of Globalization
bull Leaders and Followers in the Business Cycle Game A
Case Study of the G7
bull Hard or fuzzy clusters in assessing business cycle
transmission
bull The reverse alchemy of the business cycle
References section
In-text citations
All the cited
works compose
the Reference
List
Types of in-text citation
bull Varies from
Journal to Journal
bull Always check the
Authorrsquos
Guidelines
bull MS Office offers
APA
Harvard
Chicago
IEEE (reference order)
ISO 690 (Numerical
reference)
Includes only the
works cited in the
paper
Contains papers
read not
necessary cited
What makes good writing
Having something
to say
Logical thinking
A few simple
learnable rules of
style
Writing- Tips and tricks
Read pay attention and imitate
Talk about your research before trying to write about it
Stop waiting for ldquoinspirationrdquo
Revise Nobody gets it perfect on the first try
Learn how to cut ruthlessly Never become too attached to your words
Drop the balast
bull 1 Cut unnecessary words and phrases
bull 2 Write with verbs use strong verbs
avoid turning verbs into nouns and donrsquot
bury the main verb
The BAD Writing Contest
bull The move from a structuralist account in which capital is
understood to structure social relations in relatively homologous
ways to a view of hegemony in which power relations are subject to
repetition convergence and rearticulation brought the question of
temporality into the thinking of structure and marked a shift from a
form of Althusserian theory that takes structural totalities as
theoretical objects to one in which the insights into the contingent
possibility of structure inaugurate a renewed conception of
hegemony as bound up with the contingent sites and strategies of
the rearticulation of power
bull Butlerrsquos Diacritics (1997)
Balast to drop-Examples
1 Dead weight words and
phrases
bull As it is well known
bull As it has been shown
bull It can be regarded that
bull It should be emphasized
that
2 Empty words and
phrases
bull methodologic
bull important
3 Long words or phrases
that could be short
4 Unnecessary jargon
and acronyms
5 Repetitive words or
phrases
6 Adverbs
bull very really quite
basically generally etc
Substitute damn every time
youre inclined to write very
your editor will delete it and the
writing will be just as it should
be(Mark Twain)
Active vs Passive voice
Passive voice (Was done)
bull For previous studies
bull Literature reviewActive voice (I We did)
bull For new exciting own results
bull Original research
Verbs make the World go round
Donrsquot turn verbs into
nouns
Donrsquot bury the
main verb
Writing Environment
bull MS Word
bull Developed for average
users
bull WYSIWYG
bull Auto references
bull Thesaurus
bull LaTeX
bull Developed for
profesionals
bull Requires learning the
syntax
bull Latex makes difficult
things easy and easy
things very difficult
bull Prefered by publishers
LaTeX
Tables and figures
Tables
bull Most journals use three
horizontal lines one
above the column
headings one below the
column headings and
one below the data
bull Follow journal guidelines
bull DO NOT copy-paste
result tables directly from
software
Figures
bull Visual impact
bull Show trends and patterns
bull Tell a quick story
bull Tell the whole story
bull Highlight a particular
result
bull Always provide caption
bull Use high resolution (1000
dpi BampW 300 dpi color)
Tables-Examples
Figures- Examples
Final draft check-list
bull Check for consistency
bull Check for numerical consistencybull Do the numbers in your abstract match the numbers in your
tablesfigurestext
bull Do the numbers in the text match those in the tablesfigures
bull Do the numbers in each tablefigure match those in other tablesfigures
bull Check your references style
bull Check your overall style
Submission information
bull Authorship
This can be a point of contention when
writing in groups so establish
expectations for roles and responsibilities
early in the writing process
bull Permissions and Approvals
bull permissions for reprinting copyrighted
material
bull Ethical Considerations
Plagiarism amp Self- plagiarism
bull Passing off other
peoplersquos writing (or
tables and figures) as
your own
bull cutting and pasting
sentences or even
phrases from another
source
bull slightly rewriting or re-
arranging othersrsquo
words
Recycling your own
writing or data
bull Copying or only
slightly rewriting text
from your own
published papers
bull Adding new data to
already published
data and presenting it
as new results
Submitting identical or overlapping data to multiple journals
Submission checklist
bull Keywords
bull JEL Codes
bull All figure captions
bull All tables (including title description)
bull Manuscript has been spell-checked and grammar-
checked
bull References are in the correct format for this journal
bull All references mentioned in the Reference list are cited
in the text and vice versa
bull Permission has been obtained for use of copyrighted
material from other sources (including the Web)
Cover letter
Put the puzzle together
LOGO
Thank You
Bibliography
bull Jaba E (2002) Statistica Editura Economică București
bull Day A amp Peters A D (1996) How to get research published in journals Aldershot
Gower
bull Academic Writing and Research Skills Workshop Mancester University
bull APA Research Style Crib Sheet by Professor Russ Dewey amp Dr Abel Scribe PhD -
Fall 2007
bull Writing Articles for Peer-Review Publications A Quick Reference Guide
bull Chin B (2004) How to write a great research paper John Wiley amp Sons
bull Pieter M Kroonenberg (2007)How to write an article Leiden University
bull Daniel P J Soule Lucy Whiteley and Shona McIntosh Writing for Scholarly
Journals eSharp
bull Stephen E Dew (2013)The 5 Step Essay Writing Process
bull Kristin Sainani Writing in the Sciences Stanford University
bull httpwebupaczasitefilesfile40753writing_an_academic_journal_articlepdf
bull Sebastian-Florian Enea Silvia Palașcă Claudiu Țigănaș (2013) G7 COUNTRIES ndash
ADVOCATES OF THE GLOBAL BUSINESS CYCLE GEBA 2013 Iași
bull Enea Sebastian (2013) EVALUATING GLOBALIZATION BY MEANS OF FUZZY
CLUSTER ANALYSIS IE Bucharest
bull Oxford Dictionary httpwwwoxforddictionariescom
Choosing a topic- Example
bull Crisis
bull Prediction
Business
cycle
bull Synchronization
bull Dynamic equations
bull Use GDP
Studybull The dynamic
estimation of business cycle transmission between US and the Euro area
Working title
bull ldquoIdeas are like rabbits You
get a couple and learn how
to handle them and pretty
soon you have a dozenrdquo
― John Steinbeck
Documentation
bull Databases for literature review
Free databases
bull Google Scholar
bull Directory of Open Access Journals
bull NO WIKIPEDIA
Institutional subscribtion
bull Elsevier
bull Sage
bull JSTOR
bull Springer
bull Thomson Reutersrsquo Web of Knowledge
bull Taylor amp Francis
bull Wiley-Blackwell
Payed
bull EMBASE
bull Project Muse
bull Science Direct
bull Ulrichrsquos Directory
Documentation- Tips and Tricks
Articles
bull Google scholar account-daily notifications free articles on your theme
bull All versions ndash early (free) versions of a payed article
Books
bull Libgenorg
bull Google books
Organize information
bull Theme variables methods chronological
bull Make a table with articlesbooks you have
read
bull Use JabRef (or other referencing software)
bull Use Wordrsquos Masterlist option to build a
bibliography list for future use
Organize information- Examples
bull MS-Word Masterlist
Get Data
bull Questionnaires
bull Databases (Choose only institutional DB)
Compute results
State hypothesis
Verify hypothesis
Applydevelop models
Test models (inout of sample)
Save results draw graphs
Compute results
Statistic tools
MS Excel
SPSS
EViewsR
MATLAB
USER
FRIENDLY
General
Purpose
CODE
Specific
toolboxes
Wrapping up
Lit Review
Articles
Table withideas
Database
Raw data
Data sources
Results
Numbers
Tables
Graphs (high quality)
Templates
from selected journals
Article folder
Selecting a journal
bull Check that your article would fit with
the Aims amp Scope of the journal
bull Check whether the journal is by invitation
only ndash some journals only publish invited
articles
bull Check that the publication options of the
journal meet your needs (ISI BDI)
bull SUBMIT ONLY TO ONE JOURNAL
AT A TIME
Selecting a journal
bull Check the Guide for Authors-types of
articles published acceptable language
and article length
bull Read the abstracts of recent publications
to find current hot topics
bull Articles in your References section may
also lead to the right journal
bull Use automated abstract matching tools
(only if you have already an abstract)
Selecting a journal- International
Review Speed
The average number of weeks it takes for an
article to pass through the review process for this
journal We have selected two key points
1 From manuscript submission to the initial
decision on the article
2 From manuscript submission to the final
decision to accept
Impact factor
It is a measure of the number
of times an average paper in a
particular journal is cited
during the preceding two
years
ISI Journals larr HOT LINK
Selecting a journal- Romania
bull Romanian ISI Jornals-
Economicsbull AMFITEATRU ECONOMIC
bull ECONOMIC COMPUTATION
AND ECONOMIC
CYBERNETICS STUDIES AND
RESEARCH
bull REVISTA DE CERCETARE SI
INTERVENTIE SOCIALA
bull ROMANIAN JOURNAL OF
ECONOMIC FORECASTING
bull TRANSYLVANIAN REVIEW OF
ADMINISTRATIVE SCIENCES
bull Romanian BDI (B+)
Journals
REBS
CES Working Papers
ECTAP
Add your text in here
Add your text in here
Article structure
Title
Abstract
Introduction
Methodology
Results
Conclusions
Hot Tip
New article structure
Literaturereview
Methods
Results
Introduction
Conclusions
Abstract
Fancy title
Referencelist
Literature review
2 Reasons
Not re-inventing the
wheel
Position yourcurrent
research
Structure of LR
Introduction
bull Generalization
bull Widely known information
bull OR
bull State controversy
Main body
bull Presentpreviousworks
bull Choose an order
bull Use linkages
Endingremarks
bull Summarisethe mainfindings
bull Position yourpaper
Examples
bull In the last two or three decades the emphasis put on the
process of economic globalization has shifted the
analysisrsquo focus towards an international level
bull The international literature focused mainly on analyzing
the GDP as an absolute variable or as a growth rate
(Krolzig 2003) (Li amp Liu 2004) and its connections with
hellip proposed by Frankel and Rose (1998) further
developed by Imbs (2004)
bull As a general remark the IL considers that the complex
process of economic globalization should bring a higher
degree of business cycles synchronization
Good vs Bad
bull Remember the
purpose
bull Read about purpose
bull Write within the
purpose
bull Try to read everything
bull Read but not write
bull Not keeping
bibliographic
information
bull Try to include almost
everything
bull Give to many details
A PHRASE IN NEED
A FRIEND INDEED
httpwwwphrasebankmanche
steracuksourceshtm
Google search - phrasebank
GENERAL RULE
Methodology and or methods
Methodology
bull The study of a
single or multiple
methods
Methods
bull Ways instruments
procedures
employed to
complete the
research objectives
Empirical approach
1bull Population Sample
2
bull Data
bull Variables
3bull Methods
Population and Sample
bull ldquoThe research
population is
represented by all
the European
states rdquo
bull ldquo out of which we
have selected a
number of 24
European Union
members and 6
neighbouring
countries of the EUrdquo
Very very important
Mention if you have excluded
a number of entities from the
sample and motivate why
bull ldquoSome entities were deliberately excluded
from this analysis either on lack of relevant
data or a very different economical situation
leading to outliersrdquo
Data and variables
Source
Description
of data
Mention the
calculus method
Data Variables
Data and datum
Datum = noun singular form
Data = noun plural form
DATAS - Pieces of Data
Do not try to
dribble the
English grammar
Methods section
bull Explain how you have studied the research hypotheses
issues problems etc
bull Identify and structure logically the procedures employed
New method
bull Give precise and correct details
Previously published method
bull Name and cite it
Mathematical method
bull Include the formula
Results amp Discussions
bull Present results in a clear logical
sequence
bull Link findings to the aim of the article
bull WHATrsquoS NEW
bull Discuss findings by reffering to existing
literature
bull Possible implications
bull Also report uncertainties
bull DO NOT SPECULATE JUST REPORT
Results amp Discussions
bull Use tables and figures to support your arguments
bull Provide captions and legends for all your figures and tables
bull Use measure units where appropriate
bull NEVER USE RAW DATA
bull Be parsimonious about tables and figures
bull Never duplicate (same information both in table and in figure)
Results- Statistical issues
1 Descriptive analysis of the variables and
checking assumptions- to check for correctness of the data
- to acquire a feel for the raw data so that you recognize unusual
outcomes in your results
- to check whether the assumptions of the main analysis technique
have been fulfilled to a reasonable level
- to detect and explain of missing data or subjects with unusual
data
Dependent variables Independent
variables
Reporting statistics
bull MeanStandard
Deviation and
percentages are most
clearly presented in
parenthesesldquoThe sample as a whole was
relatively young (M = 1922 SD =
345)rdquo ƒ
bull Never report the
significance level as
p =0000 correct is
p lt0001
bull Chi-square -degrees
of freedom and
sample size in
parentheses followed
by chi-square statistic
(round to two decimal
places) and the
significance level
bull ldquoThe proportion of older male
teachers was 086 whereas the
proportion of younger male
teachers was 052 This difference
is significant (2 N = 167) =
2201 p lt 01rdquo
2
Reporting statistics
bull Correlations are
reported with their
degrees of freedom
(N-2) in parentheses
together with the
significance level in
this way
bull ldquoThe two variables were strongly
correlated r(55) =49 p lt01rdquo
bull ƒ t Tests are reported
with the degrees of
freedom in
parentheses followed
by the t statistic
(rounded to two
decimal places) and
the significance level
bull ldquoThere was a significant effect for
gender t(54) = 543 p lt001 with
men receiving higher scores than
womenrdquo
Reporting statistics
bull Regression results are often best
presented in a table
bull Include the standardized slope (beta)
along with the t-test and the corresponding
significance level
bull ldquoSocial support significantly predicted depression scores beta= -34 t(225)
= 653 p lt01 Social support also explained a significant proportion of
variance in depression scores R2 =12 F(1 225) = 4264 p lt01 rdquo
Tables and figures
Tables
bull Remove grid lines
bull Make sure everything
lines up
bull Keep a reasonable
number of significant
figures
bull Leave out
unnecessary info
Figures
bull Line Graphs-Used to
show trends over
time age
bull Bar Graphs- Used to
compare groups at
one time point
bull Scatter Plots- Used to
show relationships
between two
variables
Tables and figures- Example
Tables and figures
Do-s
bull Labeling
bull Numbering
bull Positioning
bull In-text referencing
bull Larger tables and
figuresmdashplace large
tables or figures in the
appendices
Donrsquot-s
bull Dont restructure data
from an information
source into another
format
bull Dont give extensive
descriptions in your
writing of the contents
of a table or diagram
The information in a
table or diagram tells
its own story
Insights regarding the
Introduction
Comunicates thereseach area
The authorrsquos position
Create the RESEARCH
SPACE
Short structure
bull Establish a territory ndash identify the research topic1
bull Identify a niche ndash issues gaps dilemmas that demand attention
2
bull State what your paper is going to address3
Suggested structure
Ibull Generalization about the topic
II
bull Short insights regarding the topic and or concepts (definitions debates academic conflicts)
IIIbull Find the research issue or gap
IV bull State very clearly the purpose
Vbull Structure of the article
GENERALIZATION ABOUT THE
TOPIC
ldquoConsidered to be one of the most important
contemporary phenomena by the national and
international literature globalization represents
a key research issue within in the academic
fieldrdquo
SHORT INSIGHTS REGARDING THE
TOPIC AND OR CONCEPTS
ldquoUsed as a term for the first time in 1983 in order to
(citation) globalization can be perceived as rdquo
The literature on business cycles acknowledges two
types of cycles the ldquoclassicalrdquo cycle as defined by hellip
(citation) and the one based on deviations or growths
where the underlying idea is that hellip (citation) ldquo
FIND THE RESEARCH ISSUE OR
GAP
ldquoThe main challenge that globalization puts forward
is that of finding alternative methods that can evaluate
its impact on the international economy
an analysis based on the idea that business cycles
synchronization represents a direct effect of
globalization offers the possibility to better grasp the
nature and dynamics of these vast processesrdquo
State very clearly the purpose
bull The present study seeks to
address the following questions
Are there pieces of evidence
regarding the synchronization
of business cycles between
the G7 countries and if this
is proved to be true
Can these seven countries be
considered the promoters of
economic globalization
This paper aims to estimate the synchronization of business cycles
perceived as an effect of globalization on the basis of the relationship
that exists between the growth rate of the GDP and inflows and
outflows of foreign direct investments (FDI) considered as percentage
of the GDP
Tips for writing the
Conclusions
bull Conclusions = the summing-up of an
argument or text
bull From the verb to conclude = to bring or
come to an end to sum up
Suggested structure
I
bull General assessment of the topic
bull Link to the purpose of the paper
II
bull Short and concise remarks regarding the findings
III
bull Contributions of the study
IV
bull Limitations of the research
bull Future research directions
GENERAL ASSESSMENT OF THE TOPIC amp
LINK TO THE PURPOSE OF THE PAPER
ldquoBoth globalization and business cycles are elusive economical
phenomena hence they represents a continuous research puzzle
for the academic community and an inexhaustible source of
possible inquiriesrdquo
ldquoThe main purpose of the research was to assess the business
cycle synchronization patterns inside the G7 in order to better
grasp the transformations that hellipldquo
SHORT AND CONCISE REMARKS
REGARDING THE FINDINGS
ldquoThe study has showed that in general hellip One of the
more important findings that emerge from the research
is fact that hellipThe second major finding is that hellip thus it
highlights the cases of hellip previously discussed It can
also be said that helliprdquo
CONTRIBUTIONS OF THE STUDY
ldquoThe contribution of the research founded on the
existence of resides in the explanation of and
also the Another implication of the present paper is
that it highlights the importance rdquo
ldquoThe novelty of the study is the use the ltlt X gtgt method
in order to study the helliprdquo
LIMITATIONS amp FUTURE RESEARCH
DIRECTIONS
ldquoThe future directions of study
will aim to enlarge the sample
and employ if possible
additional variables and
quarterly datardquo
ldquoThe limitations of the research
derive from therdquo
bull sample size
bull variables employed
bull types of data (annual
quarterly etc)
bull methods
bull time span
Connection with the future study
direction
Abstract
bull Summarizes the research and the conclusions
bull Is your advertisment = rdquoSellsrdquo your work
bull 50-300 words (200 typical length) (Refer to
author guidelines)
bull Stand-alone (NO references)
bull Indicates usefulness
bull Targets the audience
Writing the abstract-Long version
Originalityvalue
Research limitationsimplications
Findings
Designmethodologyapproach
Purpose
bullBased on the Emerald Structured Abstract
Writing the abstract-Short version
The Findings
The Arguments
The Purpose
Fancy title
bull Academic Titles Have Three Parts
bull (A) A catchy hook that introduces the
paper in a creative way
bull (B) Specific keywords that identify the
concepts the scholar will be exploring
bull (C) The location where those keywords
will be explored
bull 8-15 words
bull Main themeresearch topic research
design + population + geographical area
Fancy title- Examples
bull Globalization versus Segregation-Business Cycles
Synchronization in Europe
bull Is trade a vector of business cycles synchronization A
Fuzzy Cluster Approach of Globalization
bull Leaders and Followers in the Business Cycle Game A
Case Study of the G7
bull Hard or fuzzy clusters in assessing business cycle
transmission
bull The reverse alchemy of the business cycle
References section
In-text citations
All the cited
works compose
the Reference
List
Types of in-text citation
bull Varies from
Journal to Journal
bull Always check the
Authorrsquos
Guidelines
bull MS Office offers
APA
Harvard
Chicago
IEEE (reference order)
ISO 690 (Numerical
reference)
Includes only the
works cited in the
paper
Contains papers
read not
necessary cited
What makes good writing
Having something
to say
Logical thinking
A few simple
learnable rules of
style
Writing- Tips and tricks
Read pay attention and imitate
Talk about your research before trying to write about it
Stop waiting for ldquoinspirationrdquo
Revise Nobody gets it perfect on the first try
Learn how to cut ruthlessly Never become too attached to your words
Drop the balast
bull 1 Cut unnecessary words and phrases
bull 2 Write with verbs use strong verbs
avoid turning verbs into nouns and donrsquot
bury the main verb
The BAD Writing Contest
bull The move from a structuralist account in which capital is
understood to structure social relations in relatively homologous
ways to a view of hegemony in which power relations are subject to
repetition convergence and rearticulation brought the question of
temporality into the thinking of structure and marked a shift from a
form of Althusserian theory that takes structural totalities as
theoretical objects to one in which the insights into the contingent
possibility of structure inaugurate a renewed conception of
hegemony as bound up with the contingent sites and strategies of
the rearticulation of power
bull Butlerrsquos Diacritics (1997)
Balast to drop-Examples
1 Dead weight words and
phrases
bull As it is well known
bull As it has been shown
bull It can be regarded that
bull It should be emphasized
that
2 Empty words and
phrases
bull methodologic
bull important
3 Long words or phrases
that could be short
4 Unnecessary jargon
and acronyms
5 Repetitive words or
phrases
6 Adverbs
bull very really quite
basically generally etc
Substitute damn every time
youre inclined to write very
your editor will delete it and the
writing will be just as it should
be(Mark Twain)
Active vs Passive voice
Passive voice (Was done)
bull For previous studies
bull Literature reviewActive voice (I We did)
bull For new exciting own results
bull Original research
Verbs make the World go round
Donrsquot turn verbs into
nouns
Donrsquot bury the
main verb
Writing Environment
bull MS Word
bull Developed for average
users
bull WYSIWYG
bull Auto references
bull Thesaurus
bull LaTeX
bull Developed for
profesionals
bull Requires learning the
syntax
bull Latex makes difficult
things easy and easy
things very difficult
bull Prefered by publishers
LaTeX
Tables and figures
Tables
bull Most journals use three
horizontal lines one
above the column
headings one below the
column headings and
one below the data
bull Follow journal guidelines
bull DO NOT copy-paste
result tables directly from
software
Figures
bull Visual impact
bull Show trends and patterns
bull Tell a quick story
bull Tell the whole story
bull Highlight a particular
result
bull Always provide caption
bull Use high resolution (1000
dpi BampW 300 dpi color)
Tables-Examples
Figures- Examples
Final draft check-list
bull Check for consistency
bull Check for numerical consistencybull Do the numbers in your abstract match the numbers in your
tablesfigurestext
bull Do the numbers in the text match those in the tablesfigures
bull Do the numbers in each tablefigure match those in other tablesfigures
bull Check your references style
bull Check your overall style
Submission information
bull Authorship
This can be a point of contention when
writing in groups so establish
expectations for roles and responsibilities
early in the writing process
bull Permissions and Approvals
bull permissions for reprinting copyrighted
material
bull Ethical Considerations
Plagiarism amp Self- plagiarism
bull Passing off other
peoplersquos writing (or
tables and figures) as
your own
bull cutting and pasting
sentences or even
phrases from another
source
bull slightly rewriting or re-
arranging othersrsquo
words
Recycling your own
writing or data
bull Copying or only
slightly rewriting text
from your own
published papers
bull Adding new data to
already published
data and presenting it
as new results
Submitting identical or overlapping data to multiple journals
Submission checklist
bull Keywords
bull JEL Codes
bull All figure captions
bull All tables (including title description)
bull Manuscript has been spell-checked and grammar-
checked
bull References are in the correct format for this journal
bull All references mentioned in the Reference list are cited
in the text and vice versa
bull Permission has been obtained for use of copyrighted
material from other sources (including the Web)
Cover letter
Put the puzzle together
LOGO
Thank You
Bibliography
bull Jaba E (2002) Statistica Editura Economică București
bull Day A amp Peters A D (1996) How to get research published in journals Aldershot
Gower
bull Academic Writing and Research Skills Workshop Mancester University
bull APA Research Style Crib Sheet by Professor Russ Dewey amp Dr Abel Scribe PhD -
Fall 2007
bull Writing Articles for Peer-Review Publications A Quick Reference Guide
bull Chin B (2004) How to write a great research paper John Wiley amp Sons
bull Pieter M Kroonenberg (2007)How to write an article Leiden University
bull Daniel P J Soule Lucy Whiteley and Shona McIntosh Writing for Scholarly
Journals eSharp
bull Stephen E Dew (2013)The 5 Step Essay Writing Process
bull Kristin Sainani Writing in the Sciences Stanford University
bull httpwebupaczasitefilesfile40753writing_an_academic_journal_articlepdf
bull Sebastian-Florian Enea Silvia Palașcă Claudiu Țigănaș (2013) G7 COUNTRIES ndash
ADVOCATES OF THE GLOBAL BUSINESS CYCLE GEBA 2013 Iași
bull Enea Sebastian (2013) EVALUATING GLOBALIZATION BY MEANS OF FUZZY
CLUSTER ANALYSIS IE Bucharest
bull Oxford Dictionary httpwwwoxforddictionariescom
bull ldquoIdeas are like rabbits You
get a couple and learn how
to handle them and pretty
soon you have a dozenrdquo
― John Steinbeck
Documentation
bull Databases for literature review
Free databases
bull Google Scholar
bull Directory of Open Access Journals
bull NO WIKIPEDIA
Institutional subscribtion
bull Elsevier
bull Sage
bull JSTOR
bull Springer
bull Thomson Reutersrsquo Web of Knowledge
bull Taylor amp Francis
bull Wiley-Blackwell
Payed
bull EMBASE
bull Project Muse
bull Science Direct
bull Ulrichrsquos Directory
Documentation- Tips and Tricks
Articles
bull Google scholar account-daily notifications free articles on your theme
bull All versions ndash early (free) versions of a payed article
Books
bull Libgenorg
bull Google books
Organize information
bull Theme variables methods chronological
bull Make a table with articlesbooks you have
read
bull Use JabRef (or other referencing software)
bull Use Wordrsquos Masterlist option to build a
bibliography list for future use
Organize information- Examples
bull MS-Word Masterlist
Get Data
bull Questionnaires
bull Databases (Choose only institutional DB)
Compute results
State hypothesis
Verify hypothesis
Applydevelop models
Test models (inout of sample)
Save results draw graphs
Compute results
Statistic tools
MS Excel
SPSS
EViewsR
MATLAB
USER
FRIENDLY
General
Purpose
CODE
Specific
toolboxes
Wrapping up
Lit Review
Articles
Table withideas
Database
Raw data
Data sources
Results
Numbers
Tables
Graphs (high quality)
Templates
from selected journals
Article folder
Selecting a journal
bull Check that your article would fit with
the Aims amp Scope of the journal
bull Check whether the journal is by invitation
only ndash some journals only publish invited
articles
bull Check that the publication options of the
journal meet your needs (ISI BDI)
bull SUBMIT ONLY TO ONE JOURNAL
AT A TIME
Selecting a journal
bull Check the Guide for Authors-types of
articles published acceptable language
and article length
bull Read the abstracts of recent publications
to find current hot topics
bull Articles in your References section may
also lead to the right journal
bull Use automated abstract matching tools
(only if you have already an abstract)
Selecting a journal- International
Review Speed
The average number of weeks it takes for an
article to pass through the review process for this
journal We have selected two key points
1 From manuscript submission to the initial
decision on the article
2 From manuscript submission to the final
decision to accept
Impact factor
It is a measure of the number
of times an average paper in a
particular journal is cited
during the preceding two
years
ISI Journals larr HOT LINK
Selecting a journal- Romania
bull Romanian ISI Jornals-
Economicsbull AMFITEATRU ECONOMIC
bull ECONOMIC COMPUTATION
AND ECONOMIC
CYBERNETICS STUDIES AND
RESEARCH
bull REVISTA DE CERCETARE SI
INTERVENTIE SOCIALA
bull ROMANIAN JOURNAL OF
ECONOMIC FORECASTING
bull TRANSYLVANIAN REVIEW OF
ADMINISTRATIVE SCIENCES
bull Romanian BDI (B+)
Journals
REBS
CES Working Papers
ECTAP
Add your text in here
Add your text in here
Article structure
Title
Abstract
Introduction
Methodology
Results
Conclusions
Hot Tip
New article structure
Literaturereview
Methods
Results
Introduction
Conclusions
Abstract
Fancy title
Referencelist
Literature review
2 Reasons
Not re-inventing the
wheel
Position yourcurrent
research
Structure of LR
Introduction
bull Generalization
bull Widely known information
bull OR
bull State controversy
Main body
bull Presentpreviousworks
bull Choose an order
bull Use linkages
Endingremarks
bull Summarisethe mainfindings
bull Position yourpaper
Examples
bull In the last two or three decades the emphasis put on the
process of economic globalization has shifted the
analysisrsquo focus towards an international level
bull The international literature focused mainly on analyzing
the GDP as an absolute variable or as a growth rate
(Krolzig 2003) (Li amp Liu 2004) and its connections with
hellip proposed by Frankel and Rose (1998) further
developed by Imbs (2004)
bull As a general remark the IL considers that the complex
process of economic globalization should bring a higher
degree of business cycles synchronization
Good vs Bad
bull Remember the
purpose
bull Read about purpose
bull Write within the
purpose
bull Try to read everything
bull Read but not write
bull Not keeping
bibliographic
information
bull Try to include almost
everything
bull Give to many details
A PHRASE IN NEED
A FRIEND INDEED
httpwwwphrasebankmanche
steracuksourceshtm
Google search - phrasebank
GENERAL RULE
Methodology and or methods
Methodology
bull The study of a
single or multiple
methods
Methods
bull Ways instruments
procedures
employed to
complete the
research objectives
Empirical approach
1bull Population Sample
2
bull Data
bull Variables
3bull Methods
Population and Sample
bull ldquoThe research
population is
represented by all
the European
states rdquo
bull ldquo out of which we
have selected a
number of 24
European Union
members and 6
neighbouring
countries of the EUrdquo
Very very important
Mention if you have excluded
a number of entities from the
sample and motivate why
bull ldquoSome entities were deliberately excluded
from this analysis either on lack of relevant
data or a very different economical situation
leading to outliersrdquo
Data and variables
Source
Description
of data
Mention the
calculus method
Data Variables
Data and datum
Datum = noun singular form
Data = noun plural form
DATAS - Pieces of Data
Do not try to
dribble the
English grammar
Methods section
bull Explain how you have studied the research hypotheses
issues problems etc
bull Identify and structure logically the procedures employed
New method
bull Give precise and correct details
Previously published method
bull Name and cite it
Mathematical method
bull Include the formula
Results amp Discussions
bull Present results in a clear logical
sequence
bull Link findings to the aim of the article
bull WHATrsquoS NEW
bull Discuss findings by reffering to existing
literature
bull Possible implications
bull Also report uncertainties
bull DO NOT SPECULATE JUST REPORT
Results amp Discussions
bull Use tables and figures to support your arguments
bull Provide captions and legends for all your figures and tables
bull Use measure units where appropriate
bull NEVER USE RAW DATA
bull Be parsimonious about tables and figures
bull Never duplicate (same information both in table and in figure)
Results- Statistical issues
1 Descriptive analysis of the variables and
checking assumptions- to check for correctness of the data
- to acquire a feel for the raw data so that you recognize unusual
outcomes in your results
- to check whether the assumptions of the main analysis technique
have been fulfilled to a reasonable level
- to detect and explain of missing data or subjects with unusual
data
Dependent variables Independent
variables
Reporting statistics
bull MeanStandard
Deviation and
percentages are most
clearly presented in
parenthesesldquoThe sample as a whole was
relatively young (M = 1922 SD =
345)rdquo ƒ
bull Never report the
significance level as
p =0000 correct is
p lt0001
bull Chi-square -degrees
of freedom and
sample size in
parentheses followed
by chi-square statistic
(round to two decimal
places) and the
significance level
bull ldquoThe proportion of older male
teachers was 086 whereas the
proportion of younger male
teachers was 052 This difference
is significant (2 N = 167) =
2201 p lt 01rdquo
2
Reporting statistics
bull Correlations are
reported with their
degrees of freedom
(N-2) in parentheses
together with the
significance level in
this way
bull ldquoThe two variables were strongly
correlated r(55) =49 p lt01rdquo
bull ƒ t Tests are reported
with the degrees of
freedom in
parentheses followed
by the t statistic
(rounded to two
decimal places) and
the significance level
bull ldquoThere was a significant effect for
gender t(54) = 543 p lt001 with
men receiving higher scores than
womenrdquo
Reporting statistics
bull Regression results are often best
presented in a table
bull Include the standardized slope (beta)
along with the t-test and the corresponding
significance level
bull ldquoSocial support significantly predicted depression scores beta= -34 t(225)
= 653 p lt01 Social support also explained a significant proportion of
variance in depression scores R2 =12 F(1 225) = 4264 p lt01 rdquo
Tables and figures
Tables
bull Remove grid lines
bull Make sure everything
lines up
bull Keep a reasonable
number of significant
figures
bull Leave out
unnecessary info
Figures
bull Line Graphs-Used to
show trends over
time age
bull Bar Graphs- Used to
compare groups at
one time point
bull Scatter Plots- Used to
show relationships
between two
variables
Tables and figures- Example
Tables and figures
Do-s
bull Labeling
bull Numbering
bull Positioning
bull In-text referencing
bull Larger tables and
figuresmdashplace large
tables or figures in the
appendices
Donrsquot-s
bull Dont restructure data
from an information
source into another
format
bull Dont give extensive
descriptions in your
writing of the contents
of a table or diagram
The information in a
table or diagram tells
its own story
Insights regarding the
Introduction
Comunicates thereseach area
The authorrsquos position
Create the RESEARCH
SPACE
Short structure
bull Establish a territory ndash identify the research topic1
bull Identify a niche ndash issues gaps dilemmas that demand attention
2
bull State what your paper is going to address3
Suggested structure
Ibull Generalization about the topic
II
bull Short insights regarding the topic and or concepts (definitions debates academic conflicts)
IIIbull Find the research issue or gap
IV bull State very clearly the purpose
Vbull Structure of the article
GENERALIZATION ABOUT THE
TOPIC
ldquoConsidered to be one of the most important
contemporary phenomena by the national and
international literature globalization represents
a key research issue within in the academic
fieldrdquo
SHORT INSIGHTS REGARDING THE
TOPIC AND OR CONCEPTS
ldquoUsed as a term for the first time in 1983 in order to
(citation) globalization can be perceived as rdquo
The literature on business cycles acknowledges two
types of cycles the ldquoclassicalrdquo cycle as defined by hellip
(citation) and the one based on deviations or growths
where the underlying idea is that hellip (citation) ldquo
FIND THE RESEARCH ISSUE OR
GAP
ldquoThe main challenge that globalization puts forward
is that of finding alternative methods that can evaluate
its impact on the international economy
an analysis based on the idea that business cycles
synchronization represents a direct effect of
globalization offers the possibility to better grasp the
nature and dynamics of these vast processesrdquo
State very clearly the purpose
bull The present study seeks to
address the following questions
Are there pieces of evidence
regarding the synchronization
of business cycles between
the G7 countries and if this
is proved to be true
Can these seven countries be
considered the promoters of
economic globalization
This paper aims to estimate the synchronization of business cycles
perceived as an effect of globalization on the basis of the relationship
that exists between the growth rate of the GDP and inflows and
outflows of foreign direct investments (FDI) considered as percentage
of the GDP
Tips for writing the
Conclusions
bull Conclusions = the summing-up of an
argument or text
bull From the verb to conclude = to bring or
come to an end to sum up
Suggested structure
I
bull General assessment of the topic
bull Link to the purpose of the paper
II
bull Short and concise remarks regarding the findings
III
bull Contributions of the study
IV
bull Limitations of the research
bull Future research directions
GENERAL ASSESSMENT OF THE TOPIC amp
LINK TO THE PURPOSE OF THE PAPER
ldquoBoth globalization and business cycles are elusive economical
phenomena hence they represents a continuous research puzzle
for the academic community and an inexhaustible source of
possible inquiriesrdquo
ldquoThe main purpose of the research was to assess the business
cycle synchronization patterns inside the G7 in order to better
grasp the transformations that hellipldquo
SHORT AND CONCISE REMARKS
REGARDING THE FINDINGS
ldquoThe study has showed that in general hellip One of the
more important findings that emerge from the research
is fact that hellipThe second major finding is that hellip thus it
highlights the cases of hellip previously discussed It can
also be said that helliprdquo
CONTRIBUTIONS OF THE STUDY
ldquoThe contribution of the research founded on the
existence of resides in the explanation of and
also the Another implication of the present paper is
that it highlights the importance rdquo
ldquoThe novelty of the study is the use the ltlt X gtgt method
in order to study the helliprdquo
LIMITATIONS amp FUTURE RESEARCH
DIRECTIONS
ldquoThe future directions of study
will aim to enlarge the sample
and employ if possible
additional variables and
quarterly datardquo
ldquoThe limitations of the research
derive from therdquo
bull sample size
bull variables employed
bull types of data (annual
quarterly etc)
bull methods
bull time span
Connection with the future study
direction
Abstract
bull Summarizes the research and the conclusions
bull Is your advertisment = rdquoSellsrdquo your work
bull 50-300 words (200 typical length) (Refer to
author guidelines)
bull Stand-alone (NO references)
bull Indicates usefulness
bull Targets the audience
Writing the abstract-Long version
Originalityvalue
Research limitationsimplications
Findings
Designmethodologyapproach
Purpose
bullBased on the Emerald Structured Abstract
Writing the abstract-Short version
The Findings
The Arguments
The Purpose
Fancy title
bull Academic Titles Have Three Parts
bull (A) A catchy hook that introduces the
paper in a creative way
bull (B) Specific keywords that identify the
concepts the scholar will be exploring
bull (C) The location where those keywords
will be explored
bull 8-15 words
bull Main themeresearch topic research
design + population + geographical area
Fancy title- Examples
bull Globalization versus Segregation-Business Cycles
Synchronization in Europe
bull Is trade a vector of business cycles synchronization A
Fuzzy Cluster Approach of Globalization
bull Leaders and Followers in the Business Cycle Game A
Case Study of the G7
bull Hard or fuzzy clusters in assessing business cycle
transmission
bull The reverse alchemy of the business cycle
References section
In-text citations
All the cited
works compose
the Reference
List
Types of in-text citation
bull Varies from
Journal to Journal
bull Always check the
Authorrsquos
Guidelines
bull MS Office offers
APA
Harvard
Chicago
IEEE (reference order)
ISO 690 (Numerical
reference)
Includes only the
works cited in the
paper
Contains papers
read not
necessary cited
What makes good writing
Having something
to say
Logical thinking
A few simple
learnable rules of
style
Writing- Tips and tricks
Read pay attention and imitate
Talk about your research before trying to write about it
Stop waiting for ldquoinspirationrdquo
Revise Nobody gets it perfect on the first try
Learn how to cut ruthlessly Never become too attached to your words
Drop the balast
bull 1 Cut unnecessary words and phrases
bull 2 Write with verbs use strong verbs
avoid turning verbs into nouns and donrsquot
bury the main verb
The BAD Writing Contest
bull The move from a structuralist account in which capital is
understood to structure social relations in relatively homologous
ways to a view of hegemony in which power relations are subject to
repetition convergence and rearticulation brought the question of
temporality into the thinking of structure and marked a shift from a
form of Althusserian theory that takes structural totalities as
theoretical objects to one in which the insights into the contingent
possibility of structure inaugurate a renewed conception of
hegemony as bound up with the contingent sites and strategies of
the rearticulation of power
bull Butlerrsquos Diacritics (1997)
Balast to drop-Examples
1 Dead weight words and
phrases
bull As it is well known
bull As it has been shown
bull It can be regarded that
bull It should be emphasized
that
2 Empty words and
phrases
bull methodologic
bull important
3 Long words or phrases
that could be short
4 Unnecessary jargon
and acronyms
5 Repetitive words or
phrases
6 Adverbs
bull very really quite
basically generally etc
Substitute damn every time
youre inclined to write very
your editor will delete it and the
writing will be just as it should
be(Mark Twain)
Active vs Passive voice
Passive voice (Was done)
bull For previous studies
bull Literature reviewActive voice (I We did)
bull For new exciting own results
bull Original research
Verbs make the World go round
Donrsquot turn verbs into
nouns
Donrsquot bury the
main verb
Writing Environment
bull MS Word
bull Developed for average
users
bull WYSIWYG
bull Auto references
bull Thesaurus
bull LaTeX
bull Developed for
profesionals
bull Requires learning the
syntax
bull Latex makes difficult
things easy and easy
things very difficult
bull Prefered by publishers
LaTeX
Tables and figures
Tables
bull Most journals use three
horizontal lines one
above the column
headings one below the
column headings and
one below the data
bull Follow journal guidelines
bull DO NOT copy-paste
result tables directly from
software
Figures
bull Visual impact
bull Show trends and patterns
bull Tell a quick story
bull Tell the whole story
bull Highlight a particular
result
bull Always provide caption
bull Use high resolution (1000
dpi BampW 300 dpi color)
Tables-Examples
Figures- Examples
Final draft check-list
bull Check for consistency
bull Check for numerical consistencybull Do the numbers in your abstract match the numbers in your
tablesfigurestext
bull Do the numbers in the text match those in the tablesfigures
bull Do the numbers in each tablefigure match those in other tablesfigures
bull Check your references style
bull Check your overall style
Submission information
bull Authorship
This can be a point of contention when
writing in groups so establish
expectations for roles and responsibilities
early in the writing process
bull Permissions and Approvals
bull permissions for reprinting copyrighted
material
bull Ethical Considerations
Plagiarism amp Self- plagiarism
bull Passing off other
peoplersquos writing (or
tables and figures) as
your own
bull cutting and pasting
sentences or even
phrases from another
source
bull slightly rewriting or re-
arranging othersrsquo
words
Recycling your own
writing or data
bull Copying or only
slightly rewriting text
from your own
published papers
bull Adding new data to
already published
data and presenting it
as new results
Submitting identical or overlapping data to multiple journals
Submission checklist
bull Keywords
bull JEL Codes
bull All figure captions
bull All tables (including title description)
bull Manuscript has been spell-checked and grammar-
checked
bull References are in the correct format for this journal
bull All references mentioned in the Reference list are cited
in the text and vice versa
bull Permission has been obtained for use of copyrighted
material from other sources (including the Web)
Cover letter
Put the puzzle together
LOGO
Thank You
Bibliography
bull Jaba E (2002) Statistica Editura Economică București
bull Day A amp Peters A D (1996) How to get research published in journals Aldershot
Gower
bull Academic Writing and Research Skills Workshop Mancester University
bull APA Research Style Crib Sheet by Professor Russ Dewey amp Dr Abel Scribe PhD -
Fall 2007
bull Writing Articles for Peer-Review Publications A Quick Reference Guide
bull Chin B (2004) How to write a great research paper John Wiley amp Sons
bull Pieter M Kroonenberg (2007)How to write an article Leiden University
bull Daniel P J Soule Lucy Whiteley and Shona McIntosh Writing for Scholarly
Journals eSharp
bull Stephen E Dew (2013)The 5 Step Essay Writing Process
bull Kristin Sainani Writing in the Sciences Stanford University
bull httpwebupaczasitefilesfile40753writing_an_academic_journal_articlepdf
bull Sebastian-Florian Enea Silvia Palașcă Claudiu Țigănaș (2013) G7 COUNTRIES ndash
ADVOCATES OF THE GLOBAL BUSINESS CYCLE GEBA 2013 Iași
bull Enea Sebastian (2013) EVALUATING GLOBALIZATION BY MEANS OF FUZZY
CLUSTER ANALYSIS IE Bucharest
bull Oxford Dictionary httpwwwoxforddictionariescom
Documentation
bull Databases for literature review
Free databases
bull Google Scholar
bull Directory of Open Access Journals
bull NO WIKIPEDIA
Institutional subscribtion
bull Elsevier
bull Sage
bull JSTOR
bull Springer
bull Thomson Reutersrsquo Web of Knowledge
bull Taylor amp Francis
bull Wiley-Blackwell
Payed
bull EMBASE
bull Project Muse
bull Science Direct
bull Ulrichrsquos Directory
Documentation- Tips and Tricks
Articles
bull Google scholar account-daily notifications free articles on your theme
bull All versions ndash early (free) versions of a payed article
Books
bull Libgenorg
bull Google books
Organize information
bull Theme variables methods chronological
bull Make a table with articlesbooks you have
read
bull Use JabRef (or other referencing software)
bull Use Wordrsquos Masterlist option to build a
bibliography list for future use
Organize information- Examples
bull MS-Word Masterlist
Get Data
bull Questionnaires
bull Databases (Choose only institutional DB)
Compute results
State hypothesis
Verify hypothesis
Applydevelop models
Test models (inout of sample)
Save results draw graphs
Compute results
Statistic tools
MS Excel
SPSS
EViewsR
MATLAB
USER
FRIENDLY
General
Purpose
CODE
Specific
toolboxes
Wrapping up
Lit Review
Articles
Table withideas
Database
Raw data
Data sources
Results
Numbers
Tables
Graphs (high quality)
Templates
from selected journals
Article folder
Selecting a journal
bull Check that your article would fit with
the Aims amp Scope of the journal
bull Check whether the journal is by invitation
only ndash some journals only publish invited
articles
bull Check that the publication options of the
journal meet your needs (ISI BDI)
bull SUBMIT ONLY TO ONE JOURNAL
AT A TIME
Selecting a journal
bull Check the Guide for Authors-types of
articles published acceptable language
and article length
bull Read the abstracts of recent publications
to find current hot topics
bull Articles in your References section may
also lead to the right journal
bull Use automated abstract matching tools
(only if you have already an abstract)
Selecting a journal- International
Review Speed
The average number of weeks it takes for an
article to pass through the review process for this
journal We have selected two key points
1 From manuscript submission to the initial
decision on the article
2 From manuscript submission to the final
decision to accept
Impact factor
It is a measure of the number
of times an average paper in a
particular journal is cited
during the preceding two
years
ISI Journals larr HOT LINK
Selecting a journal- Romania
bull Romanian ISI Jornals-
Economicsbull AMFITEATRU ECONOMIC
bull ECONOMIC COMPUTATION
AND ECONOMIC
CYBERNETICS STUDIES AND
RESEARCH
bull REVISTA DE CERCETARE SI
INTERVENTIE SOCIALA
bull ROMANIAN JOURNAL OF
ECONOMIC FORECASTING
bull TRANSYLVANIAN REVIEW OF
ADMINISTRATIVE SCIENCES
bull Romanian BDI (B+)
Journals
REBS
CES Working Papers
ECTAP
Add your text in here
Add your text in here
Article structure
Title
Abstract
Introduction
Methodology
Results
Conclusions
Hot Tip
New article structure
Literaturereview
Methods
Results
Introduction
Conclusions
Abstract
Fancy title
Referencelist
Literature review
2 Reasons
Not re-inventing the
wheel
Position yourcurrent
research
Structure of LR
Introduction
bull Generalization
bull Widely known information
bull OR
bull State controversy
Main body
bull Presentpreviousworks
bull Choose an order
bull Use linkages
Endingremarks
bull Summarisethe mainfindings
bull Position yourpaper
Examples
bull In the last two or three decades the emphasis put on the
process of economic globalization has shifted the
analysisrsquo focus towards an international level
bull The international literature focused mainly on analyzing
the GDP as an absolute variable or as a growth rate
(Krolzig 2003) (Li amp Liu 2004) and its connections with
hellip proposed by Frankel and Rose (1998) further
developed by Imbs (2004)
bull As a general remark the IL considers that the complex
process of economic globalization should bring a higher
degree of business cycles synchronization
Good vs Bad
bull Remember the
purpose
bull Read about purpose
bull Write within the
purpose
bull Try to read everything
bull Read but not write
bull Not keeping
bibliographic
information
bull Try to include almost
everything
bull Give to many details
A PHRASE IN NEED
A FRIEND INDEED
httpwwwphrasebankmanche
steracuksourceshtm
Google search - phrasebank
GENERAL RULE
Methodology and or methods
Methodology
bull The study of a
single or multiple
methods
Methods
bull Ways instruments
procedures
employed to
complete the
research objectives
Empirical approach
1bull Population Sample
2
bull Data
bull Variables
3bull Methods
Population and Sample
bull ldquoThe research
population is
represented by all
the European
states rdquo
bull ldquo out of which we
have selected a
number of 24
European Union
members and 6
neighbouring
countries of the EUrdquo
Very very important
Mention if you have excluded
a number of entities from the
sample and motivate why
bull ldquoSome entities were deliberately excluded
from this analysis either on lack of relevant
data or a very different economical situation
leading to outliersrdquo
Data and variables
Source
Description
of data
Mention the
calculus method
Data Variables
Data and datum
Datum = noun singular form
Data = noun plural form
DATAS - Pieces of Data
Do not try to
dribble the
English grammar
Methods section
bull Explain how you have studied the research hypotheses
issues problems etc
bull Identify and structure logically the procedures employed
New method
bull Give precise and correct details
Previously published method
bull Name and cite it
Mathematical method
bull Include the formula
Results amp Discussions
bull Present results in a clear logical
sequence
bull Link findings to the aim of the article
bull WHATrsquoS NEW
bull Discuss findings by reffering to existing
literature
bull Possible implications
bull Also report uncertainties
bull DO NOT SPECULATE JUST REPORT
Results amp Discussions
bull Use tables and figures to support your arguments
bull Provide captions and legends for all your figures and tables
bull Use measure units where appropriate
bull NEVER USE RAW DATA
bull Be parsimonious about tables and figures
bull Never duplicate (same information both in table and in figure)
Results- Statistical issues
1 Descriptive analysis of the variables and
checking assumptions- to check for correctness of the data
- to acquire a feel for the raw data so that you recognize unusual
outcomes in your results
- to check whether the assumptions of the main analysis technique
have been fulfilled to a reasonable level
- to detect and explain of missing data or subjects with unusual
data
Dependent variables Independent
variables
Reporting statistics
bull MeanStandard
Deviation and
percentages are most
clearly presented in
parenthesesldquoThe sample as a whole was
relatively young (M = 1922 SD =
345)rdquo ƒ
bull Never report the
significance level as
p =0000 correct is
p lt0001
bull Chi-square -degrees
of freedom and
sample size in
parentheses followed
by chi-square statistic
(round to two decimal
places) and the
significance level
bull ldquoThe proportion of older male
teachers was 086 whereas the
proportion of younger male
teachers was 052 This difference
is significant (2 N = 167) =
2201 p lt 01rdquo
2
Reporting statistics
bull Correlations are
reported with their
degrees of freedom
(N-2) in parentheses
together with the
significance level in
this way
bull ldquoThe two variables were strongly
correlated r(55) =49 p lt01rdquo
bull ƒ t Tests are reported
with the degrees of
freedom in
parentheses followed
by the t statistic
(rounded to two
decimal places) and
the significance level
bull ldquoThere was a significant effect for
gender t(54) = 543 p lt001 with
men receiving higher scores than
womenrdquo
Reporting statistics
bull Regression results are often best
presented in a table
bull Include the standardized slope (beta)
along with the t-test and the corresponding
significance level
bull ldquoSocial support significantly predicted depression scores beta= -34 t(225)
= 653 p lt01 Social support also explained a significant proportion of
variance in depression scores R2 =12 F(1 225) = 4264 p lt01 rdquo
Tables and figures
Tables
bull Remove grid lines
bull Make sure everything
lines up
bull Keep a reasonable
number of significant
figures
bull Leave out
unnecessary info
Figures
bull Line Graphs-Used to
show trends over
time age
bull Bar Graphs- Used to
compare groups at
one time point
bull Scatter Plots- Used to
show relationships
between two
variables
Tables and figures- Example
Tables and figures
Do-s
bull Labeling
bull Numbering
bull Positioning
bull In-text referencing
bull Larger tables and
figuresmdashplace large
tables or figures in the
appendices
Donrsquot-s
bull Dont restructure data
from an information
source into another
format
bull Dont give extensive
descriptions in your
writing of the contents
of a table or diagram
The information in a
table or diagram tells
its own story
Insights regarding the
Introduction
Comunicates thereseach area
The authorrsquos position
Create the RESEARCH
SPACE
Short structure
bull Establish a territory ndash identify the research topic1
bull Identify a niche ndash issues gaps dilemmas that demand attention
2
bull State what your paper is going to address3
Suggested structure
Ibull Generalization about the topic
II
bull Short insights regarding the topic and or concepts (definitions debates academic conflicts)
IIIbull Find the research issue or gap
IV bull State very clearly the purpose
Vbull Structure of the article
GENERALIZATION ABOUT THE
TOPIC
ldquoConsidered to be one of the most important
contemporary phenomena by the national and
international literature globalization represents
a key research issue within in the academic
fieldrdquo
SHORT INSIGHTS REGARDING THE
TOPIC AND OR CONCEPTS
ldquoUsed as a term for the first time in 1983 in order to
(citation) globalization can be perceived as rdquo
The literature on business cycles acknowledges two
types of cycles the ldquoclassicalrdquo cycle as defined by hellip
(citation) and the one based on deviations or growths
where the underlying idea is that hellip (citation) ldquo
FIND THE RESEARCH ISSUE OR
GAP
ldquoThe main challenge that globalization puts forward
is that of finding alternative methods that can evaluate
its impact on the international economy
an analysis based on the idea that business cycles
synchronization represents a direct effect of
globalization offers the possibility to better grasp the
nature and dynamics of these vast processesrdquo
State very clearly the purpose
bull The present study seeks to
address the following questions
Are there pieces of evidence
regarding the synchronization
of business cycles between
the G7 countries and if this
is proved to be true
Can these seven countries be
considered the promoters of
economic globalization
This paper aims to estimate the synchronization of business cycles
perceived as an effect of globalization on the basis of the relationship
that exists between the growth rate of the GDP and inflows and
outflows of foreign direct investments (FDI) considered as percentage
of the GDP
Tips for writing the
Conclusions
bull Conclusions = the summing-up of an
argument or text
bull From the verb to conclude = to bring or
come to an end to sum up
Suggested structure
I
bull General assessment of the topic
bull Link to the purpose of the paper
II
bull Short and concise remarks regarding the findings
III
bull Contributions of the study
IV
bull Limitations of the research
bull Future research directions
GENERAL ASSESSMENT OF THE TOPIC amp
LINK TO THE PURPOSE OF THE PAPER
ldquoBoth globalization and business cycles are elusive economical
phenomena hence they represents a continuous research puzzle
for the academic community and an inexhaustible source of
possible inquiriesrdquo
ldquoThe main purpose of the research was to assess the business
cycle synchronization patterns inside the G7 in order to better
grasp the transformations that hellipldquo
SHORT AND CONCISE REMARKS
REGARDING THE FINDINGS
ldquoThe study has showed that in general hellip One of the
more important findings that emerge from the research
is fact that hellipThe second major finding is that hellip thus it
highlights the cases of hellip previously discussed It can
also be said that helliprdquo
CONTRIBUTIONS OF THE STUDY
ldquoThe contribution of the research founded on the
existence of resides in the explanation of and
also the Another implication of the present paper is
that it highlights the importance rdquo
ldquoThe novelty of the study is the use the ltlt X gtgt method
in order to study the helliprdquo
LIMITATIONS amp FUTURE RESEARCH
DIRECTIONS
ldquoThe future directions of study
will aim to enlarge the sample
and employ if possible
additional variables and
quarterly datardquo
ldquoThe limitations of the research
derive from therdquo
bull sample size
bull variables employed
bull types of data (annual
quarterly etc)
bull methods
bull time span
Connection with the future study
direction
Abstract
bull Summarizes the research and the conclusions
bull Is your advertisment = rdquoSellsrdquo your work
bull 50-300 words (200 typical length) (Refer to
author guidelines)
bull Stand-alone (NO references)
bull Indicates usefulness
bull Targets the audience
Writing the abstract-Long version
Originalityvalue
Research limitationsimplications
Findings
Designmethodologyapproach
Purpose
bullBased on the Emerald Structured Abstract
Writing the abstract-Short version
The Findings
The Arguments
The Purpose
Fancy title
bull Academic Titles Have Three Parts
bull (A) A catchy hook that introduces the
paper in a creative way
bull (B) Specific keywords that identify the
concepts the scholar will be exploring
bull (C) The location where those keywords
will be explored
bull 8-15 words
bull Main themeresearch topic research
design + population + geographical area
Fancy title- Examples
bull Globalization versus Segregation-Business Cycles
Synchronization in Europe
bull Is trade a vector of business cycles synchronization A
Fuzzy Cluster Approach of Globalization
bull Leaders and Followers in the Business Cycle Game A
Case Study of the G7
bull Hard or fuzzy clusters in assessing business cycle
transmission
bull The reverse alchemy of the business cycle
References section
In-text citations
All the cited
works compose
the Reference
List
Types of in-text citation
bull Varies from
Journal to Journal
bull Always check the
Authorrsquos
Guidelines
bull MS Office offers
APA
Harvard
Chicago
IEEE (reference order)
ISO 690 (Numerical
reference)
Includes only the
works cited in the
paper
Contains papers
read not
necessary cited
What makes good writing
Having something
to say
Logical thinking
A few simple
learnable rules of
style
Writing- Tips and tricks
Read pay attention and imitate
Talk about your research before trying to write about it
Stop waiting for ldquoinspirationrdquo
Revise Nobody gets it perfect on the first try
Learn how to cut ruthlessly Never become too attached to your words
Drop the balast
bull 1 Cut unnecessary words and phrases
bull 2 Write with verbs use strong verbs
avoid turning verbs into nouns and donrsquot
bury the main verb
The BAD Writing Contest
bull The move from a structuralist account in which capital is
understood to structure social relations in relatively homologous
ways to a view of hegemony in which power relations are subject to
repetition convergence and rearticulation brought the question of
temporality into the thinking of structure and marked a shift from a
form of Althusserian theory that takes structural totalities as
theoretical objects to one in which the insights into the contingent
possibility of structure inaugurate a renewed conception of
hegemony as bound up with the contingent sites and strategies of
the rearticulation of power
bull Butlerrsquos Diacritics (1997)
Balast to drop-Examples
1 Dead weight words and
phrases
bull As it is well known
bull As it has been shown
bull It can be regarded that
bull It should be emphasized
that
2 Empty words and
phrases
bull methodologic
bull important
3 Long words or phrases
that could be short
4 Unnecessary jargon
and acronyms
5 Repetitive words or
phrases
6 Adverbs
bull very really quite
basically generally etc
Substitute damn every time
youre inclined to write very
your editor will delete it and the
writing will be just as it should
be(Mark Twain)
Active vs Passive voice
Passive voice (Was done)
bull For previous studies
bull Literature reviewActive voice (I We did)
bull For new exciting own results
bull Original research
Verbs make the World go round
Donrsquot turn verbs into
nouns
Donrsquot bury the
main verb
Writing Environment
bull MS Word
bull Developed for average
users
bull WYSIWYG
bull Auto references
bull Thesaurus
bull LaTeX
bull Developed for
profesionals
bull Requires learning the
syntax
bull Latex makes difficult
things easy and easy
things very difficult
bull Prefered by publishers
LaTeX
Tables and figures
Tables
bull Most journals use three
horizontal lines one
above the column
headings one below the
column headings and
one below the data
bull Follow journal guidelines
bull DO NOT copy-paste
result tables directly from
software
Figures
bull Visual impact
bull Show trends and patterns
bull Tell a quick story
bull Tell the whole story
bull Highlight a particular
result
bull Always provide caption
bull Use high resolution (1000
dpi BampW 300 dpi color)
Tables-Examples
Figures- Examples
Final draft check-list
bull Check for consistency
bull Check for numerical consistencybull Do the numbers in your abstract match the numbers in your
tablesfigurestext
bull Do the numbers in the text match those in the tablesfigures
bull Do the numbers in each tablefigure match those in other tablesfigures
bull Check your references style
bull Check your overall style
Submission information
bull Authorship
This can be a point of contention when
writing in groups so establish
expectations for roles and responsibilities
early in the writing process
bull Permissions and Approvals
bull permissions for reprinting copyrighted
material
bull Ethical Considerations
Plagiarism amp Self- plagiarism
bull Passing off other
peoplersquos writing (or
tables and figures) as
your own
bull cutting and pasting
sentences or even
phrases from another
source
bull slightly rewriting or re-
arranging othersrsquo
words
Recycling your own
writing or data
bull Copying or only
slightly rewriting text
from your own
published papers
bull Adding new data to
already published
data and presenting it
as new results
Submitting identical or overlapping data to multiple journals
Submission checklist
bull Keywords
bull JEL Codes
bull All figure captions
bull All tables (including title description)
bull Manuscript has been spell-checked and grammar-
checked
bull References are in the correct format for this journal
bull All references mentioned in the Reference list are cited
in the text and vice versa
bull Permission has been obtained for use of copyrighted
material from other sources (including the Web)
Cover letter
Put the puzzle together
LOGO
Thank You
Bibliography
bull Jaba E (2002) Statistica Editura Economică București
bull Day A amp Peters A D (1996) How to get research published in journals Aldershot
Gower
bull Academic Writing and Research Skills Workshop Mancester University
bull APA Research Style Crib Sheet by Professor Russ Dewey amp Dr Abel Scribe PhD -
Fall 2007
bull Writing Articles for Peer-Review Publications A Quick Reference Guide
bull Chin B (2004) How to write a great research paper John Wiley amp Sons
bull Pieter M Kroonenberg (2007)How to write an article Leiden University
bull Daniel P J Soule Lucy Whiteley and Shona McIntosh Writing for Scholarly
Journals eSharp
bull Stephen E Dew (2013)The 5 Step Essay Writing Process
bull Kristin Sainani Writing in the Sciences Stanford University
bull httpwebupaczasitefilesfile40753writing_an_academic_journal_articlepdf
bull Sebastian-Florian Enea Silvia Palașcă Claudiu Țigănaș (2013) G7 COUNTRIES ndash
ADVOCATES OF THE GLOBAL BUSINESS CYCLE GEBA 2013 Iași
bull Enea Sebastian (2013) EVALUATING GLOBALIZATION BY MEANS OF FUZZY
CLUSTER ANALYSIS IE Bucharest
bull Oxford Dictionary httpwwwoxforddictionariescom
Documentation- Tips and Tricks
Articles
bull Google scholar account-daily notifications free articles on your theme
bull All versions ndash early (free) versions of a payed article
Books
bull Libgenorg
bull Google books
Organize information
bull Theme variables methods chronological
bull Make a table with articlesbooks you have
read
bull Use JabRef (or other referencing software)
bull Use Wordrsquos Masterlist option to build a
bibliography list for future use
Organize information- Examples
bull MS-Word Masterlist
Get Data
bull Questionnaires
bull Databases (Choose only institutional DB)
Compute results
State hypothesis
Verify hypothesis
Applydevelop models
Test models (inout of sample)
Save results draw graphs
Compute results
Statistic tools
MS Excel
SPSS
EViewsR
MATLAB
USER
FRIENDLY
General
Purpose
CODE
Specific
toolboxes
Wrapping up
Lit Review
Articles
Table withideas
Database
Raw data
Data sources
Results
Numbers
Tables
Graphs (high quality)
Templates
from selected journals
Article folder
Selecting a journal
bull Check that your article would fit with
the Aims amp Scope of the journal
bull Check whether the journal is by invitation
only ndash some journals only publish invited
articles
bull Check that the publication options of the
journal meet your needs (ISI BDI)
bull SUBMIT ONLY TO ONE JOURNAL
AT A TIME
Selecting a journal
bull Check the Guide for Authors-types of
articles published acceptable language
and article length
bull Read the abstracts of recent publications
to find current hot topics
bull Articles in your References section may
also lead to the right journal
bull Use automated abstract matching tools
(only if you have already an abstract)
Selecting a journal- International
Review Speed
The average number of weeks it takes for an
article to pass through the review process for this
journal We have selected two key points
1 From manuscript submission to the initial
decision on the article
2 From manuscript submission to the final
decision to accept
Impact factor
It is a measure of the number
of times an average paper in a
particular journal is cited
during the preceding two
years
ISI Journals larr HOT LINK
Selecting a journal- Romania
bull Romanian ISI Jornals-
Economicsbull AMFITEATRU ECONOMIC
bull ECONOMIC COMPUTATION
AND ECONOMIC
CYBERNETICS STUDIES AND
RESEARCH
bull REVISTA DE CERCETARE SI
INTERVENTIE SOCIALA
bull ROMANIAN JOURNAL OF
ECONOMIC FORECASTING
bull TRANSYLVANIAN REVIEW OF
ADMINISTRATIVE SCIENCES
bull Romanian BDI (B+)
Journals
REBS
CES Working Papers
ECTAP
Add your text in here
Add your text in here
Article structure
Title
Abstract
Introduction
Methodology
Results
Conclusions
Hot Tip
New article structure
Literaturereview
Methods
Results
Introduction
Conclusions
Abstract
Fancy title
Referencelist
Literature review
2 Reasons
Not re-inventing the
wheel
Position yourcurrent
research
Structure of LR
Introduction
bull Generalization
bull Widely known information
bull OR
bull State controversy
Main body
bull Presentpreviousworks
bull Choose an order
bull Use linkages
Endingremarks
bull Summarisethe mainfindings
bull Position yourpaper
Examples
bull In the last two or three decades the emphasis put on the
process of economic globalization has shifted the
analysisrsquo focus towards an international level
bull The international literature focused mainly on analyzing
the GDP as an absolute variable or as a growth rate
(Krolzig 2003) (Li amp Liu 2004) and its connections with
hellip proposed by Frankel and Rose (1998) further
developed by Imbs (2004)
bull As a general remark the IL considers that the complex
process of economic globalization should bring a higher
degree of business cycles synchronization
Good vs Bad
bull Remember the
purpose
bull Read about purpose
bull Write within the
purpose
bull Try to read everything
bull Read but not write
bull Not keeping
bibliographic
information
bull Try to include almost
everything
bull Give to many details
A PHRASE IN NEED
A FRIEND INDEED
httpwwwphrasebankmanche
steracuksourceshtm
Google search - phrasebank
GENERAL RULE
Methodology and or methods
Methodology
bull The study of a
single or multiple
methods
Methods
bull Ways instruments
procedures
employed to
complete the
research objectives
Empirical approach
1bull Population Sample
2
bull Data
bull Variables
3bull Methods
Population and Sample
bull ldquoThe research
population is
represented by all
the European
states rdquo
bull ldquo out of which we
have selected a
number of 24
European Union
members and 6
neighbouring
countries of the EUrdquo
Very very important
Mention if you have excluded
a number of entities from the
sample and motivate why
bull ldquoSome entities were deliberately excluded
from this analysis either on lack of relevant
data or a very different economical situation
leading to outliersrdquo
Data and variables
Source
Description
of data
Mention the
calculus method
Data Variables
Data and datum
Datum = noun singular form
Data = noun plural form
DATAS - Pieces of Data
Do not try to
dribble the
English grammar
Methods section
bull Explain how you have studied the research hypotheses
issues problems etc
bull Identify and structure logically the procedures employed
New method
bull Give precise and correct details
Previously published method
bull Name and cite it
Mathematical method
bull Include the formula
Results amp Discussions
bull Present results in a clear logical
sequence
bull Link findings to the aim of the article
bull WHATrsquoS NEW
bull Discuss findings by reffering to existing
literature
bull Possible implications
bull Also report uncertainties
bull DO NOT SPECULATE JUST REPORT
Results amp Discussions
bull Use tables and figures to support your arguments
bull Provide captions and legends for all your figures and tables
bull Use measure units where appropriate
bull NEVER USE RAW DATA
bull Be parsimonious about tables and figures
bull Never duplicate (same information both in table and in figure)
Results- Statistical issues
1 Descriptive analysis of the variables and
checking assumptions- to check for correctness of the data
- to acquire a feel for the raw data so that you recognize unusual
outcomes in your results
- to check whether the assumptions of the main analysis technique
have been fulfilled to a reasonable level
- to detect and explain of missing data or subjects with unusual
data
Dependent variables Independent
variables
Reporting statistics
bull MeanStandard
Deviation and
percentages are most
clearly presented in
parenthesesldquoThe sample as a whole was
relatively young (M = 1922 SD =
345)rdquo ƒ
bull Never report the
significance level as
p =0000 correct is
p lt0001
bull Chi-square -degrees
of freedom and
sample size in
parentheses followed
by chi-square statistic
(round to two decimal
places) and the
significance level
bull ldquoThe proportion of older male
teachers was 086 whereas the
proportion of younger male
teachers was 052 This difference
is significant (2 N = 167) =
2201 p lt 01rdquo
2
Reporting statistics
bull Correlations are
reported with their
degrees of freedom
(N-2) in parentheses
together with the
significance level in
this way
bull ldquoThe two variables were strongly
correlated r(55) =49 p lt01rdquo
bull ƒ t Tests are reported
with the degrees of
freedom in
parentheses followed
by the t statistic
(rounded to two
decimal places) and
the significance level
bull ldquoThere was a significant effect for
gender t(54) = 543 p lt001 with
men receiving higher scores than
womenrdquo
Reporting statistics
bull Regression results are often best
presented in a table
bull Include the standardized slope (beta)
along with the t-test and the corresponding
significance level
bull ldquoSocial support significantly predicted depression scores beta= -34 t(225)
= 653 p lt01 Social support also explained a significant proportion of
variance in depression scores R2 =12 F(1 225) = 4264 p lt01 rdquo
Tables and figures
Tables
bull Remove grid lines
bull Make sure everything
lines up
bull Keep a reasonable
number of significant
figures
bull Leave out
unnecessary info
Figures
bull Line Graphs-Used to
show trends over
time age
bull Bar Graphs- Used to
compare groups at
one time point
bull Scatter Plots- Used to
show relationships
between two
variables
Tables and figures- Example
Tables and figures
Do-s
bull Labeling
bull Numbering
bull Positioning
bull In-text referencing
bull Larger tables and
figuresmdashplace large
tables or figures in the
appendices
Donrsquot-s
bull Dont restructure data
from an information
source into another
format
bull Dont give extensive
descriptions in your
writing of the contents
of a table or diagram
The information in a
table or diagram tells
its own story
Insights regarding the
Introduction
Comunicates thereseach area
The authorrsquos position
Create the RESEARCH
SPACE
Short structure
bull Establish a territory ndash identify the research topic1
bull Identify a niche ndash issues gaps dilemmas that demand attention
2
bull State what your paper is going to address3
Suggested structure
Ibull Generalization about the topic
II
bull Short insights regarding the topic and or concepts (definitions debates academic conflicts)
IIIbull Find the research issue or gap
IV bull State very clearly the purpose
Vbull Structure of the article
GENERALIZATION ABOUT THE
TOPIC
ldquoConsidered to be one of the most important
contemporary phenomena by the national and
international literature globalization represents
a key research issue within in the academic
fieldrdquo
SHORT INSIGHTS REGARDING THE
TOPIC AND OR CONCEPTS
ldquoUsed as a term for the first time in 1983 in order to
(citation) globalization can be perceived as rdquo
The literature on business cycles acknowledges two
types of cycles the ldquoclassicalrdquo cycle as defined by hellip
(citation) and the one based on deviations or growths
where the underlying idea is that hellip (citation) ldquo
FIND THE RESEARCH ISSUE OR
GAP
ldquoThe main challenge that globalization puts forward
is that of finding alternative methods that can evaluate
its impact on the international economy
an analysis based on the idea that business cycles
synchronization represents a direct effect of
globalization offers the possibility to better grasp the
nature and dynamics of these vast processesrdquo
State very clearly the purpose
bull The present study seeks to
address the following questions
Are there pieces of evidence
regarding the synchronization
of business cycles between
the G7 countries and if this
is proved to be true
Can these seven countries be
considered the promoters of
economic globalization
This paper aims to estimate the synchronization of business cycles
perceived as an effect of globalization on the basis of the relationship
that exists between the growth rate of the GDP and inflows and
outflows of foreign direct investments (FDI) considered as percentage
of the GDP
Tips for writing the
Conclusions
bull Conclusions = the summing-up of an
argument or text
bull From the verb to conclude = to bring or
come to an end to sum up
Suggested structure
I
bull General assessment of the topic
bull Link to the purpose of the paper
II
bull Short and concise remarks regarding the findings
III
bull Contributions of the study
IV
bull Limitations of the research
bull Future research directions
GENERAL ASSESSMENT OF THE TOPIC amp
LINK TO THE PURPOSE OF THE PAPER
ldquoBoth globalization and business cycles are elusive economical
phenomena hence they represents a continuous research puzzle
for the academic community and an inexhaustible source of
possible inquiriesrdquo
ldquoThe main purpose of the research was to assess the business
cycle synchronization patterns inside the G7 in order to better
grasp the transformations that hellipldquo
SHORT AND CONCISE REMARKS
REGARDING THE FINDINGS
ldquoThe study has showed that in general hellip One of the
more important findings that emerge from the research
is fact that hellipThe second major finding is that hellip thus it
highlights the cases of hellip previously discussed It can
also be said that helliprdquo
CONTRIBUTIONS OF THE STUDY
ldquoThe contribution of the research founded on the
existence of resides in the explanation of and
also the Another implication of the present paper is
that it highlights the importance rdquo
ldquoThe novelty of the study is the use the ltlt X gtgt method
in order to study the helliprdquo
LIMITATIONS amp FUTURE RESEARCH
DIRECTIONS
ldquoThe future directions of study
will aim to enlarge the sample
and employ if possible
additional variables and
quarterly datardquo
ldquoThe limitations of the research
derive from therdquo
bull sample size
bull variables employed
bull types of data (annual
quarterly etc)
bull methods
bull time span
Connection with the future study
direction
Abstract
bull Summarizes the research and the conclusions
bull Is your advertisment = rdquoSellsrdquo your work
bull 50-300 words (200 typical length) (Refer to
author guidelines)
bull Stand-alone (NO references)
bull Indicates usefulness
bull Targets the audience
Writing the abstract-Long version
Originalityvalue
Research limitationsimplications
Findings
Designmethodologyapproach
Purpose
bullBased on the Emerald Structured Abstract
Writing the abstract-Short version
The Findings
The Arguments
The Purpose
Fancy title
bull Academic Titles Have Three Parts
bull (A) A catchy hook that introduces the
paper in a creative way
bull (B) Specific keywords that identify the
concepts the scholar will be exploring
bull (C) The location where those keywords
will be explored
bull 8-15 words
bull Main themeresearch topic research
design + population + geographical area
Fancy title- Examples
bull Globalization versus Segregation-Business Cycles
Synchronization in Europe
bull Is trade a vector of business cycles synchronization A
Fuzzy Cluster Approach of Globalization
bull Leaders and Followers in the Business Cycle Game A
Case Study of the G7
bull Hard or fuzzy clusters in assessing business cycle
transmission
bull The reverse alchemy of the business cycle
References section
In-text citations
All the cited
works compose
the Reference
List
Types of in-text citation
bull Varies from
Journal to Journal
bull Always check the
Authorrsquos
Guidelines
bull MS Office offers
APA
Harvard
Chicago
IEEE (reference order)
ISO 690 (Numerical
reference)
Includes only the
works cited in the
paper
Contains papers
read not
necessary cited
What makes good writing
Having something
to say
Logical thinking
A few simple
learnable rules of
style
Writing- Tips and tricks
Read pay attention and imitate
Talk about your research before trying to write about it
Stop waiting for ldquoinspirationrdquo
Revise Nobody gets it perfect on the first try
Learn how to cut ruthlessly Never become too attached to your words
Drop the balast
bull 1 Cut unnecessary words and phrases
bull 2 Write with verbs use strong verbs
avoid turning verbs into nouns and donrsquot
bury the main verb
The BAD Writing Contest
bull The move from a structuralist account in which capital is
understood to structure social relations in relatively homologous
ways to a view of hegemony in which power relations are subject to
repetition convergence and rearticulation brought the question of
temporality into the thinking of structure and marked a shift from a
form of Althusserian theory that takes structural totalities as
theoretical objects to one in which the insights into the contingent
possibility of structure inaugurate a renewed conception of
hegemony as bound up with the contingent sites and strategies of
the rearticulation of power
bull Butlerrsquos Diacritics (1997)
Balast to drop-Examples
1 Dead weight words and
phrases
bull As it is well known
bull As it has been shown
bull It can be regarded that
bull It should be emphasized
that
2 Empty words and
phrases
bull methodologic
bull important
3 Long words or phrases
that could be short
4 Unnecessary jargon
and acronyms
5 Repetitive words or
phrases
6 Adverbs
bull very really quite
basically generally etc
Substitute damn every time
youre inclined to write very
your editor will delete it and the
writing will be just as it should
be(Mark Twain)
Active vs Passive voice
Passive voice (Was done)
bull For previous studies
bull Literature reviewActive voice (I We did)
bull For new exciting own results
bull Original research
Verbs make the World go round
Donrsquot turn verbs into
nouns
Donrsquot bury the
main verb
Writing Environment
bull MS Word
bull Developed for average
users
bull WYSIWYG
bull Auto references
bull Thesaurus
bull LaTeX
bull Developed for
profesionals
bull Requires learning the
syntax
bull Latex makes difficult
things easy and easy
things very difficult
bull Prefered by publishers
LaTeX
Tables and figures
Tables
bull Most journals use three
horizontal lines one
above the column
headings one below the
column headings and
one below the data
bull Follow journal guidelines
bull DO NOT copy-paste
result tables directly from
software
Figures
bull Visual impact
bull Show trends and patterns
bull Tell a quick story
bull Tell the whole story
bull Highlight a particular
result
bull Always provide caption
bull Use high resolution (1000
dpi BampW 300 dpi color)
Tables-Examples
Figures- Examples
Final draft check-list
bull Check for consistency
bull Check for numerical consistencybull Do the numbers in your abstract match the numbers in your
tablesfigurestext
bull Do the numbers in the text match those in the tablesfigures
bull Do the numbers in each tablefigure match those in other tablesfigures
bull Check your references style
bull Check your overall style
Submission information
bull Authorship
This can be a point of contention when
writing in groups so establish
expectations for roles and responsibilities
early in the writing process
bull Permissions and Approvals
bull permissions for reprinting copyrighted
material
bull Ethical Considerations
Plagiarism amp Self- plagiarism
bull Passing off other
peoplersquos writing (or
tables and figures) as
your own
bull cutting and pasting
sentences or even
phrases from another
source
bull slightly rewriting or re-
arranging othersrsquo
words
Recycling your own
writing or data
bull Copying or only
slightly rewriting text
from your own
published papers
bull Adding new data to
already published
data and presenting it
as new results
Submitting identical or overlapping data to multiple journals
Submission checklist
bull Keywords
bull JEL Codes
bull All figure captions
bull All tables (including title description)
bull Manuscript has been spell-checked and grammar-
checked
bull References are in the correct format for this journal
bull All references mentioned in the Reference list are cited
in the text and vice versa
bull Permission has been obtained for use of copyrighted
material from other sources (including the Web)
Cover letter
Put the puzzle together
LOGO
Thank You
Bibliography
bull Jaba E (2002) Statistica Editura Economică București
bull Day A amp Peters A D (1996) How to get research published in journals Aldershot
Gower
bull Academic Writing and Research Skills Workshop Mancester University
bull APA Research Style Crib Sheet by Professor Russ Dewey amp Dr Abel Scribe PhD -
Fall 2007
bull Writing Articles for Peer-Review Publications A Quick Reference Guide
bull Chin B (2004) How to write a great research paper John Wiley amp Sons
bull Pieter M Kroonenberg (2007)How to write an article Leiden University
bull Daniel P J Soule Lucy Whiteley and Shona McIntosh Writing for Scholarly
Journals eSharp
bull Stephen E Dew (2013)The 5 Step Essay Writing Process
bull Kristin Sainani Writing in the Sciences Stanford University
bull httpwebupaczasitefilesfile40753writing_an_academic_journal_articlepdf
bull Sebastian-Florian Enea Silvia Palașcă Claudiu Țigănaș (2013) G7 COUNTRIES ndash
ADVOCATES OF THE GLOBAL BUSINESS CYCLE GEBA 2013 Iași
bull Enea Sebastian (2013) EVALUATING GLOBALIZATION BY MEANS OF FUZZY
CLUSTER ANALYSIS IE Bucharest
bull Oxford Dictionary httpwwwoxforddictionariescom
Organize information
bull Theme variables methods chronological
bull Make a table with articlesbooks you have
read
bull Use JabRef (or other referencing software)
bull Use Wordrsquos Masterlist option to build a
bibliography list for future use
Organize information- Examples
bull MS-Word Masterlist
Get Data
bull Questionnaires
bull Databases (Choose only institutional DB)
Compute results
State hypothesis
Verify hypothesis
Applydevelop models
Test models (inout of sample)
Save results draw graphs
Compute results
Statistic tools
MS Excel
SPSS
EViewsR
MATLAB
USER
FRIENDLY
General
Purpose
CODE
Specific
toolboxes
Wrapping up
Lit Review
Articles
Table withideas
Database
Raw data
Data sources
Results
Numbers
Tables
Graphs (high quality)
Templates
from selected journals
Article folder
Selecting a journal
bull Check that your article would fit with
the Aims amp Scope of the journal
bull Check whether the journal is by invitation
only ndash some journals only publish invited
articles
bull Check that the publication options of the
journal meet your needs (ISI BDI)
bull SUBMIT ONLY TO ONE JOURNAL
AT A TIME
Selecting a journal
bull Check the Guide for Authors-types of
articles published acceptable language
and article length
bull Read the abstracts of recent publications
to find current hot topics
bull Articles in your References section may
also lead to the right journal
bull Use automated abstract matching tools
(only if you have already an abstract)
Selecting a journal- International
Review Speed
The average number of weeks it takes for an
article to pass through the review process for this
journal We have selected two key points
1 From manuscript submission to the initial
decision on the article
2 From manuscript submission to the final
decision to accept
Impact factor
It is a measure of the number
of times an average paper in a
particular journal is cited
during the preceding two
years
ISI Journals larr HOT LINK
Selecting a journal- Romania
bull Romanian ISI Jornals-
Economicsbull AMFITEATRU ECONOMIC
bull ECONOMIC COMPUTATION
AND ECONOMIC
CYBERNETICS STUDIES AND
RESEARCH
bull REVISTA DE CERCETARE SI
INTERVENTIE SOCIALA
bull ROMANIAN JOURNAL OF
ECONOMIC FORECASTING
bull TRANSYLVANIAN REVIEW OF
ADMINISTRATIVE SCIENCES
bull Romanian BDI (B+)
Journals
REBS
CES Working Papers
ECTAP
Add your text in here
Add your text in here
Article structure
Title
Abstract
Introduction
Methodology
Results
Conclusions
Hot Tip
New article structure
Literaturereview
Methods
Results
Introduction
Conclusions
Abstract
Fancy title
Referencelist
Literature review
2 Reasons
Not re-inventing the
wheel
Position yourcurrent
research
Structure of LR
Introduction
bull Generalization
bull Widely known information
bull OR
bull State controversy
Main body
bull Presentpreviousworks
bull Choose an order
bull Use linkages
Endingremarks
bull Summarisethe mainfindings
bull Position yourpaper
Examples
bull In the last two or three decades the emphasis put on the
process of economic globalization has shifted the
analysisrsquo focus towards an international level
bull The international literature focused mainly on analyzing
the GDP as an absolute variable or as a growth rate
(Krolzig 2003) (Li amp Liu 2004) and its connections with
hellip proposed by Frankel and Rose (1998) further
developed by Imbs (2004)
bull As a general remark the IL considers that the complex
process of economic globalization should bring a higher
degree of business cycles synchronization
Good vs Bad
bull Remember the
purpose
bull Read about purpose
bull Write within the
purpose
bull Try to read everything
bull Read but not write
bull Not keeping
bibliographic
information
bull Try to include almost
everything
bull Give to many details
A PHRASE IN NEED
A FRIEND INDEED
httpwwwphrasebankmanche
steracuksourceshtm
Google search - phrasebank
GENERAL RULE
Methodology and or methods
Methodology
bull The study of a
single or multiple
methods
Methods
bull Ways instruments
procedures
employed to
complete the
research objectives
Empirical approach
1bull Population Sample
2
bull Data
bull Variables
3bull Methods
Population and Sample
bull ldquoThe research
population is
represented by all
the European
states rdquo
bull ldquo out of which we
have selected a
number of 24
European Union
members and 6
neighbouring
countries of the EUrdquo
Very very important
Mention if you have excluded
a number of entities from the
sample and motivate why
bull ldquoSome entities were deliberately excluded
from this analysis either on lack of relevant
data or a very different economical situation
leading to outliersrdquo
Data and variables
Source
Description
of data
Mention the
calculus method
Data Variables
Data and datum
Datum = noun singular form
Data = noun plural form
DATAS - Pieces of Data
Do not try to
dribble the
English grammar
Methods section
bull Explain how you have studied the research hypotheses
issues problems etc
bull Identify and structure logically the procedures employed
New method
bull Give precise and correct details
Previously published method
bull Name and cite it
Mathematical method
bull Include the formula
Results amp Discussions
bull Present results in a clear logical
sequence
bull Link findings to the aim of the article
bull WHATrsquoS NEW
bull Discuss findings by reffering to existing
literature
bull Possible implications
bull Also report uncertainties
bull DO NOT SPECULATE JUST REPORT
Results amp Discussions
bull Use tables and figures to support your arguments
bull Provide captions and legends for all your figures and tables
bull Use measure units where appropriate
bull NEVER USE RAW DATA
bull Be parsimonious about tables and figures
bull Never duplicate (same information both in table and in figure)
Results- Statistical issues
1 Descriptive analysis of the variables and
checking assumptions- to check for correctness of the data
- to acquire a feel for the raw data so that you recognize unusual
outcomes in your results
- to check whether the assumptions of the main analysis technique
have been fulfilled to a reasonable level
- to detect and explain of missing data or subjects with unusual
data
Dependent variables Independent
variables
Reporting statistics
bull MeanStandard
Deviation and
percentages are most
clearly presented in
parenthesesldquoThe sample as a whole was
relatively young (M = 1922 SD =
345)rdquo ƒ
bull Never report the
significance level as
p =0000 correct is
p lt0001
bull Chi-square -degrees
of freedom and
sample size in
parentheses followed
by chi-square statistic
(round to two decimal
places) and the
significance level
bull ldquoThe proportion of older male
teachers was 086 whereas the
proportion of younger male
teachers was 052 This difference
is significant (2 N = 167) =
2201 p lt 01rdquo
2
Reporting statistics
bull Correlations are
reported with their
degrees of freedom
(N-2) in parentheses
together with the
significance level in
this way
bull ldquoThe two variables were strongly
correlated r(55) =49 p lt01rdquo
bull ƒ t Tests are reported
with the degrees of
freedom in
parentheses followed
by the t statistic
(rounded to two
decimal places) and
the significance level
bull ldquoThere was a significant effect for
gender t(54) = 543 p lt001 with
men receiving higher scores than
womenrdquo
Reporting statistics
bull Regression results are often best
presented in a table
bull Include the standardized slope (beta)
along with the t-test and the corresponding
significance level
bull ldquoSocial support significantly predicted depression scores beta= -34 t(225)
= 653 p lt01 Social support also explained a significant proportion of
variance in depression scores R2 =12 F(1 225) = 4264 p lt01 rdquo
Tables and figures
Tables
bull Remove grid lines
bull Make sure everything
lines up
bull Keep a reasonable
number of significant
figures
bull Leave out
unnecessary info
Figures
bull Line Graphs-Used to
show trends over
time age
bull Bar Graphs- Used to
compare groups at
one time point
bull Scatter Plots- Used to
show relationships
between two
variables
Tables and figures- Example
Tables and figures
Do-s
bull Labeling
bull Numbering
bull Positioning
bull In-text referencing
bull Larger tables and
figuresmdashplace large
tables or figures in the
appendices
Donrsquot-s
bull Dont restructure data
from an information
source into another
format
bull Dont give extensive
descriptions in your
writing of the contents
of a table or diagram
The information in a
table or diagram tells
its own story
Insights regarding the
Introduction
Comunicates thereseach area
The authorrsquos position
Create the RESEARCH
SPACE
Short structure
bull Establish a territory ndash identify the research topic1
bull Identify a niche ndash issues gaps dilemmas that demand attention
2
bull State what your paper is going to address3
Suggested structure
Ibull Generalization about the topic
II
bull Short insights regarding the topic and or concepts (definitions debates academic conflicts)
IIIbull Find the research issue or gap
IV bull State very clearly the purpose
Vbull Structure of the article
GENERALIZATION ABOUT THE
TOPIC
ldquoConsidered to be one of the most important
contemporary phenomena by the national and
international literature globalization represents
a key research issue within in the academic
fieldrdquo
SHORT INSIGHTS REGARDING THE
TOPIC AND OR CONCEPTS
ldquoUsed as a term for the first time in 1983 in order to
(citation) globalization can be perceived as rdquo
The literature on business cycles acknowledges two
types of cycles the ldquoclassicalrdquo cycle as defined by hellip
(citation) and the one based on deviations or growths
where the underlying idea is that hellip (citation) ldquo
FIND THE RESEARCH ISSUE OR
GAP
ldquoThe main challenge that globalization puts forward
is that of finding alternative methods that can evaluate
its impact on the international economy
an analysis based on the idea that business cycles
synchronization represents a direct effect of
globalization offers the possibility to better grasp the
nature and dynamics of these vast processesrdquo
State very clearly the purpose
bull The present study seeks to
address the following questions
Are there pieces of evidence
regarding the synchronization
of business cycles between
the G7 countries and if this
is proved to be true
Can these seven countries be
considered the promoters of
economic globalization
This paper aims to estimate the synchronization of business cycles
perceived as an effect of globalization on the basis of the relationship
that exists between the growth rate of the GDP and inflows and
outflows of foreign direct investments (FDI) considered as percentage
of the GDP
Tips for writing the
Conclusions
bull Conclusions = the summing-up of an
argument or text
bull From the verb to conclude = to bring or
come to an end to sum up
Suggested structure
I
bull General assessment of the topic
bull Link to the purpose of the paper
II
bull Short and concise remarks regarding the findings
III
bull Contributions of the study
IV
bull Limitations of the research
bull Future research directions
GENERAL ASSESSMENT OF THE TOPIC amp
LINK TO THE PURPOSE OF THE PAPER
ldquoBoth globalization and business cycles are elusive economical
phenomena hence they represents a continuous research puzzle
for the academic community and an inexhaustible source of
possible inquiriesrdquo
ldquoThe main purpose of the research was to assess the business
cycle synchronization patterns inside the G7 in order to better
grasp the transformations that hellipldquo
SHORT AND CONCISE REMARKS
REGARDING THE FINDINGS
ldquoThe study has showed that in general hellip One of the
more important findings that emerge from the research
is fact that hellipThe second major finding is that hellip thus it
highlights the cases of hellip previously discussed It can
also be said that helliprdquo
CONTRIBUTIONS OF THE STUDY
ldquoThe contribution of the research founded on the
existence of resides in the explanation of and
also the Another implication of the present paper is
that it highlights the importance rdquo
ldquoThe novelty of the study is the use the ltlt X gtgt method
in order to study the helliprdquo
LIMITATIONS amp FUTURE RESEARCH
DIRECTIONS
ldquoThe future directions of study
will aim to enlarge the sample
and employ if possible
additional variables and
quarterly datardquo
ldquoThe limitations of the research
derive from therdquo
bull sample size
bull variables employed
bull types of data (annual
quarterly etc)
bull methods
bull time span
Connection with the future study
direction
Abstract
bull Summarizes the research and the conclusions
bull Is your advertisment = rdquoSellsrdquo your work
bull 50-300 words (200 typical length) (Refer to
author guidelines)
bull Stand-alone (NO references)
bull Indicates usefulness
bull Targets the audience
Writing the abstract-Long version
Originalityvalue
Research limitationsimplications
Findings
Designmethodologyapproach
Purpose
bullBased on the Emerald Structured Abstract
Writing the abstract-Short version
The Findings
The Arguments
The Purpose
Fancy title
bull Academic Titles Have Three Parts
bull (A) A catchy hook that introduces the
paper in a creative way
bull (B) Specific keywords that identify the
concepts the scholar will be exploring
bull (C) The location where those keywords
will be explored
bull 8-15 words
bull Main themeresearch topic research
design + population + geographical area
Fancy title- Examples
bull Globalization versus Segregation-Business Cycles
Synchronization in Europe
bull Is trade a vector of business cycles synchronization A
Fuzzy Cluster Approach of Globalization
bull Leaders and Followers in the Business Cycle Game A
Case Study of the G7
bull Hard or fuzzy clusters in assessing business cycle
transmission
bull The reverse alchemy of the business cycle
References section
In-text citations
All the cited
works compose
the Reference
List
Types of in-text citation
bull Varies from
Journal to Journal
bull Always check the
Authorrsquos
Guidelines
bull MS Office offers
APA
Harvard
Chicago
IEEE (reference order)
ISO 690 (Numerical
reference)
Includes only the
works cited in the
paper
Contains papers
read not
necessary cited
What makes good writing
Having something
to say
Logical thinking
A few simple
learnable rules of
style
Writing- Tips and tricks
Read pay attention and imitate
Talk about your research before trying to write about it
Stop waiting for ldquoinspirationrdquo
Revise Nobody gets it perfect on the first try
Learn how to cut ruthlessly Never become too attached to your words
Drop the balast
bull 1 Cut unnecessary words and phrases
bull 2 Write with verbs use strong verbs
avoid turning verbs into nouns and donrsquot
bury the main verb
The BAD Writing Contest
bull The move from a structuralist account in which capital is
understood to structure social relations in relatively homologous
ways to a view of hegemony in which power relations are subject to
repetition convergence and rearticulation brought the question of
temporality into the thinking of structure and marked a shift from a
form of Althusserian theory that takes structural totalities as
theoretical objects to one in which the insights into the contingent
possibility of structure inaugurate a renewed conception of
hegemony as bound up with the contingent sites and strategies of
the rearticulation of power
bull Butlerrsquos Diacritics (1997)
Balast to drop-Examples
1 Dead weight words and
phrases
bull As it is well known
bull As it has been shown
bull It can be regarded that
bull It should be emphasized
that
2 Empty words and
phrases
bull methodologic
bull important
3 Long words or phrases
that could be short
4 Unnecessary jargon
and acronyms
5 Repetitive words or
phrases
6 Adverbs
bull very really quite
basically generally etc
Substitute damn every time
youre inclined to write very
your editor will delete it and the
writing will be just as it should
be(Mark Twain)
Active vs Passive voice
Passive voice (Was done)
bull For previous studies
bull Literature reviewActive voice (I We did)
bull For new exciting own results
bull Original research
Verbs make the World go round
Donrsquot turn verbs into
nouns
Donrsquot bury the
main verb
Writing Environment
bull MS Word
bull Developed for average
users
bull WYSIWYG
bull Auto references
bull Thesaurus
bull LaTeX
bull Developed for
profesionals
bull Requires learning the
syntax
bull Latex makes difficult
things easy and easy
things very difficult
bull Prefered by publishers
LaTeX
Tables and figures
Tables
bull Most journals use three
horizontal lines one
above the column
headings one below the
column headings and
one below the data
bull Follow journal guidelines
bull DO NOT copy-paste
result tables directly from
software
Figures
bull Visual impact
bull Show trends and patterns
bull Tell a quick story
bull Tell the whole story
bull Highlight a particular
result
bull Always provide caption
bull Use high resolution (1000
dpi BampW 300 dpi color)
Tables-Examples
Figures- Examples
Final draft check-list
bull Check for consistency
bull Check for numerical consistencybull Do the numbers in your abstract match the numbers in your
tablesfigurestext
bull Do the numbers in the text match those in the tablesfigures
bull Do the numbers in each tablefigure match those in other tablesfigures
bull Check your references style
bull Check your overall style
Submission information
bull Authorship
This can be a point of contention when
writing in groups so establish
expectations for roles and responsibilities
early in the writing process
bull Permissions and Approvals
bull permissions for reprinting copyrighted
material
bull Ethical Considerations
Plagiarism amp Self- plagiarism
bull Passing off other
peoplersquos writing (or
tables and figures) as
your own
bull cutting and pasting
sentences or even
phrases from another
source
bull slightly rewriting or re-
arranging othersrsquo
words
Recycling your own
writing or data
bull Copying or only
slightly rewriting text
from your own
published papers
bull Adding new data to
already published
data and presenting it
as new results
Submitting identical or overlapping data to multiple journals
Submission checklist
bull Keywords
bull JEL Codes
bull All figure captions
bull All tables (including title description)
bull Manuscript has been spell-checked and grammar-
checked
bull References are in the correct format for this journal
bull All references mentioned in the Reference list are cited
in the text and vice versa
bull Permission has been obtained for use of copyrighted
material from other sources (including the Web)
Cover letter
Put the puzzle together
LOGO
Thank You
Bibliography
bull Jaba E (2002) Statistica Editura Economică București
bull Day A amp Peters A D (1996) How to get research published in journals Aldershot
Gower
bull Academic Writing and Research Skills Workshop Mancester University
bull APA Research Style Crib Sheet by Professor Russ Dewey amp Dr Abel Scribe PhD -
Fall 2007
bull Writing Articles for Peer-Review Publications A Quick Reference Guide
bull Chin B (2004) How to write a great research paper John Wiley amp Sons
bull Pieter M Kroonenberg (2007)How to write an article Leiden University
bull Daniel P J Soule Lucy Whiteley and Shona McIntosh Writing for Scholarly
Journals eSharp
bull Stephen E Dew (2013)The 5 Step Essay Writing Process
bull Kristin Sainani Writing in the Sciences Stanford University
bull httpwebupaczasitefilesfile40753writing_an_academic_journal_articlepdf
bull Sebastian-Florian Enea Silvia Palașcă Claudiu Țigănaș (2013) G7 COUNTRIES ndash
ADVOCATES OF THE GLOBAL BUSINESS CYCLE GEBA 2013 Iași
bull Enea Sebastian (2013) EVALUATING GLOBALIZATION BY MEANS OF FUZZY
CLUSTER ANALYSIS IE Bucharest
bull Oxford Dictionary httpwwwoxforddictionariescom
Organize information- Examples
bull MS-Word Masterlist
Get Data
bull Questionnaires
bull Databases (Choose only institutional DB)
Compute results
State hypothesis
Verify hypothesis
Applydevelop models
Test models (inout of sample)
Save results draw graphs
Compute results
Statistic tools
MS Excel
SPSS
EViewsR
MATLAB
USER
FRIENDLY
General
Purpose
CODE
Specific
toolboxes
Wrapping up
Lit Review
Articles
Table withideas
Database
Raw data
Data sources
Results
Numbers
Tables
Graphs (high quality)
Templates
from selected journals
Article folder
Selecting a journal
bull Check that your article would fit with
the Aims amp Scope of the journal
bull Check whether the journal is by invitation
only ndash some journals only publish invited
articles
bull Check that the publication options of the
journal meet your needs (ISI BDI)
bull SUBMIT ONLY TO ONE JOURNAL
AT A TIME
Selecting a journal
bull Check the Guide for Authors-types of
articles published acceptable language
and article length
bull Read the abstracts of recent publications
to find current hot topics
bull Articles in your References section may
also lead to the right journal
bull Use automated abstract matching tools
(only if you have already an abstract)
Selecting a journal- International
Review Speed
The average number of weeks it takes for an
article to pass through the review process for this
journal We have selected two key points
1 From manuscript submission to the initial
decision on the article
2 From manuscript submission to the final
decision to accept
Impact factor
It is a measure of the number
of times an average paper in a
particular journal is cited
during the preceding two
years
ISI Journals larr HOT LINK
Selecting a journal- Romania
bull Romanian ISI Jornals-
Economicsbull AMFITEATRU ECONOMIC
bull ECONOMIC COMPUTATION
AND ECONOMIC
CYBERNETICS STUDIES AND
RESEARCH
bull REVISTA DE CERCETARE SI
INTERVENTIE SOCIALA
bull ROMANIAN JOURNAL OF
ECONOMIC FORECASTING
bull TRANSYLVANIAN REVIEW OF
ADMINISTRATIVE SCIENCES
bull Romanian BDI (B+)
Journals
REBS
CES Working Papers
ECTAP
Add your text in here
Add your text in here
Article structure
Title
Abstract
Introduction
Methodology
Results
Conclusions
Hot Tip
New article structure
Literaturereview
Methods
Results
Introduction
Conclusions
Abstract
Fancy title
Referencelist
Literature review
2 Reasons
Not re-inventing the
wheel
Position yourcurrent
research
Structure of LR
Introduction
bull Generalization
bull Widely known information
bull OR
bull State controversy
Main body
bull Presentpreviousworks
bull Choose an order
bull Use linkages
Endingremarks
bull Summarisethe mainfindings
bull Position yourpaper
Examples
bull In the last two or three decades the emphasis put on the
process of economic globalization has shifted the
analysisrsquo focus towards an international level
bull The international literature focused mainly on analyzing
the GDP as an absolute variable or as a growth rate
(Krolzig 2003) (Li amp Liu 2004) and its connections with
hellip proposed by Frankel and Rose (1998) further
developed by Imbs (2004)
bull As a general remark the IL considers that the complex
process of economic globalization should bring a higher
degree of business cycles synchronization
Good vs Bad
bull Remember the
purpose
bull Read about purpose
bull Write within the
purpose
bull Try to read everything
bull Read but not write
bull Not keeping
bibliographic
information
bull Try to include almost
everything
bull Give to many details
A PHRASE IN NEED
A FRIEND INDEED
httpwwwphrasebankmanche
steracuksourceshtm
Google search - phrasebank
GENERAL RULE
Methodology and or methods
Methodology
bull The study of a
single or multiple
methods
Methods
bull Ways instruments
procedures
employed to
complete the
research objectives
Empirical approach
1bull Population Sample
2
bull Data
bull Variables
3bull Methods
Population and Sample
bull ldquoThe research
population is
represented by all
the European
states rdquo
bull ldquo out of which we
have selected a
number of 24
European Union
members and 6
neighbouring
countries of the EUrdquo
Very very important
Mention if you have excluded
a number of entities from the
sample and motivate why
bull ldquoSome entities were deliberately excluded
from this analysis either on lack of relevant
data or a very different economical situation
leading to outliersrdquo
Data and variables
Source
Description
of data
Mention the
calculus method
Data Variables
Data and datum
Datum = noun singular form
Data = noun plural form
DATAS - Pieces of Data
Do not try to
dribble the
English grammar
Methods section
bull Explain how you have studied the research hypotheses
issues problems etc
bull Identify and structure logically the procedures employed
New method
bull Give precise and correct details
Previously published method
bull Name and cite it
Mathematical method
bull Include the formula
Results amp Discussions
bull Present results in a clear logical
sequence
bull Link findings to the aim of the article
bull WHATrsquoS NEW
bull Discuss findings by reffering to existing
literature
bull Possible implications
bull Also report uncertainties
bull DO NOT SPECULATE JUST REPORT
Results amp Discussions
bull Use tables and figures to support your arguments
bull Provide captions and legends for all your figures and tables
bull Use measure units where appropriate
bull NEVER USE RAW DATA
bull Be parsimonious about tables and figures
bull Never duplicate (same information both in table and in figure)
Results- Statistical issues
1 Descriptive analysis of the variables and
checking assumptions- to check for correctness of the data
- to acquire a feel for the raw data so that you recognize unusual
outcomes in your results
- to check whether the assumptions of the main analysis technique
have been fulfilled to a reasonable level
- to detect and explain of missing data or subjects with unusual
data
Dependent variables Independent
variables
Reporting statistics
bull MeanStandard
Deviation and
percentages are most
clearly presented in
parenthesesldquoThe sample as a whole was
relatively young (M = 1922 SD =
345)rdquo ƒ
bull Never report the
significance level as
p =0000 correct is
p lt0001
bull Chi-square -degrees
of freedom and
sample size in
parentheses followed
by chi-square statistic
(round to two decimal
places) and the
significance level
bull ldquoThe proportion of older male
teachers was 086 whereas the
proportion of younger male
teachers was 052 This difference
is significant (2 N = 167) =
2201 p lt 01rdquo
2
Reporting statistics
bull Correlations are
reported with their
degrees of freedom
(N-2) in parentheses
together with the
significance level in
this way
bull ldquoThe two variables were strongly
correlated r(55) =49 p lt01rdquo
bull ƒ t Tests are reported
with the degrees of
freedom in
parentheses followed
by the t statistic
(rounded to two
decimal places) and
the significance level
bull ldquoThere was a significant effect for
gender t(54) = 543 p lt001 with
men receiving higher scores than
womenrdquo
Reporting statistics
bull Regression results are often best
presented in a table
bull Include the standardized slope (beta)
along with the t-test and the corresponding
significance level
bull ldquoSocial support significantly predicted depression scores beta= -34 t(225)
= 653 p lt01 Social support also explained a significant proportion of
variance in depression scores R2 =12 F(1 225) = 4264 p lt01 rdquo
Tables and figures
Tables
bull Remove grid lines
bull Make sure everything
lines up
bull Keep a reasonable
number of significant
figures
bull Leave out
unnecessary info
Figures
bull Line Graphs-Used to
show trends over
time age
bull Bar Graphs- Used to
compare groups at
one time point
bull Scatter Plots- Used to
show relationships
between two
variables
Tables and figures- Example
Tables and figures
Do-s
bull Labeling
bull Numbering
bull Positioning
bull In-text referencing
bull Larger tables and
figuresmdashplace large
tables or figures in the
appendices
Donrsquot-s
bull Dont restructure data
from an information
source into another
format
bull Dont give extensive
descriptions in your
writing of the contents
of a table or diagram
The information in a
table or diagram tells
its own story
Insights regarding the
Introduction
Comunicates thereseach area
The authorrsquos position
Create the RESEARCH
SPACE
Short structure
bull Establish a territory ndash identify the research topic1
bull Identify a niche ndash issues gaps dilemmas that demand attention
2
bull State what your paper is going to address3
Suggested structure
Ibull Generalization about the topic
II
bull Short insights regarding the topic and or concepts (definitions debates academic conflicts)
IIIbull Find the research issue or gap
IV bull State very clearly the purpose
Vbull Structure of the article
GENERALIZATION ABOUT THE
TOPIC
ldquoConsidered to be one of the most important
contemporary phenomena by the national and
international literature globalization represents
a key research issue within in the academic
fieldrdquo
SHORT INSIGHTS REGARDING THE
TOPIC AND OR CONCEPTS
ldquoUsed as a term for the first time in 1983 in order to
(citation) globalization can be perceived as rdquo
The literature on business cycles acknowledges two
types of cycles the ldquoclassicalrdquo cycle as defined by hellip
(citation) and the one based on deviations or growths
where the underlying idea is that hellip (citation) ldquo
FIND THE RESEARCH ISSUE OR
GAP
ldquoThe main challenge that globalization puts forward
is that of finding alternative methods that can evaluate
its impact on the international economy
an analysis based on the idea that business cycles
synchronization represents a direct effect of
globalization offers the possibility to better grasp the
nature and dynamics of these vast processesrdquo
State very clearly the purpose
bull The present study seeks to
address the following questions
Are there pieces of evidence
regarding the synchronization
of business cycles between
the G7 countries and if this
is proved to be true
Can these seven countries be
considered the promoters of
economic globalization
This paper aims to estimate the synchronization of business cycles
perceived as an effect of globalization on the basis of the relationship
that exists between the growth rate of the GDP and inflows and
outflows of foreign direct investments (FDI) considered as percentage
of the GDP
Tips for writing the
Conclusions
bull Conclusions = the summing-up of an
argument or text
bull From the verb to conclude = to bring or
come to an end to sum up
Suggested structure
I
bull General assessment of the topic
bull Link to the purpose of the paper
II
bull Short and concise remarks regarding the findings
III
bull Contributions of the study
IV
bull Limitations of the research
bull Future research directions
GENERAL ASSESSMENT OF THE TOPIC amp
LINK TO THE PURPOSE OF THE PAPER
ldquoBoth globalization and business cycles are elusive economical
phenomena hence they represents a continuous research puzzle
for the academic community and an inexhaustible source of
possible inquiriesrdquo
ldquoThe main purpose of the research was to assess the business
cycle synchronization patterns inside the G7 in order to better
grasp the transformations that hellipldquo
SHORT AND CONCISE REMARKS
REGARDING THE FINDINGS
ldquoThe study has showed that in general hellip One of the
more important findings that emerge from the research
is fact that hellipThe second major finding is that hellip thus it
highlights the cases of hellip previously discussed It can
also be said that helliprdquo
CONTRIBUTIONS OF THE STUDY
ldquoThe contribution of the research founded on the
existence of resides in the explanation of and
also the Another implication of the present paper is
that it highlights the importance rdquo
ldquoThe novelty of the study is the use the ltlt X gtgt method
in order to study the helliprdquo
LIMITATIONS amp FUTURE RESEARCH
DIRECTIONS
ldquoThe future directions of study
will aim to enlarge the sample
and employ if possible
additional variables and
quarterly datardquo
ldquoThe limitations of the research
derive from therdquo
bull sample size
bull variables employed
bull types of data (annual
quarterly etc)
bull methods
bull time span
Connection with the future study
direction
Abstract
bull Summarizes the research and the conclusions
bull Is your advertisment = rdquoSellsrdquo your work
bull 50-300 words (200 typical length) (Refer to
author guidelines)
bull Stand-alone (NO references)
bull Indicates usefulness
bull Targets the audience
Writing the abstract-Long version
Originalityvalue
Research limitationsimplications
Findings
Designmethodologyapproach
Purpose
bullBased on the Emerald Structured Abstract
Writing the abstract-Short version
The Findings
The Arguments
The Purpose
Fancy title
bull Academic Titles Have Three Parts
bull (A) A catchy hook that introduces the
paper in a creative way
bull (B) Specific keywords that identify the
concepts the scholar will be exploring
bull (C) The location where those keywords
will be explored
bull 8-15 words
bull Main themeresearch topic research
design + population + geographical area
Fancy title- Examples
bull Globalization versus Segregation-Business Cycles
Synchronization in Europe
bull Is trade a vector of business cycles synchronization A
Fuzzy Cluster Approach of Globalization
bull Leaders and Followers in the Business Cycle Game A
Case Study of the G7
bull Hard or fuzzy clusters in assessing business cycle
transmission
bull The reverse alchemy of the business cycle
References section
In-text citations
All the cited
works compose
the Reference
List
Types of in-text citation
bull Varies from
Journal to Journal
bull Always check the
Authorrsquos
Guidelines
bull MS Office offers
APA
Harvard
Chicago
IEEE (reference order)
ISO 690 (Numerical
reference)
Includes only the
works cited in the
paper
Contains papers
read not
necessary cited
What makes good writing
Having something
to say
Logical thinking
A few simple
learnable rules of
style
Writing- Tips and tricks
Read pay attention and imitate
Talk about your research before trying to write about it
Stop waiting for ldquoinspirationrdquo
Revise Nobody gets it perfect on the first try
Learn how to cut ruthlessly Never become too attached to your words
Drop the balast
bull 1 Cut unnecessary words and phrases
bull 2 Write with verbs use strong verbs
avoid turning verbs into nouns and donrsquot
bury the main verb
The BAD Writing Contest
bull The move from a structuralist account in which capital is
understood to structure social relations in relatively homologous
ways to a view of hegemony in which power relations are subject to
repetition convergence and rearticulation brought the question of
temporality into the thinking of structure and marked a shift from a
form of Althusserian theory that takes structural totalities as
theoretical objects to one in which the insights into the contingent
possibility of structure inaugurate a renewed conception of
hegemony as bound up with the contingent sites and strategies of
the rearticulation of power
bull Butlerrsquos Diacritics (1997)
Balast to drop-Examples
1 Dead weight words and
phrases
bull As it is well known
bull As it has been shown
bull It can be regarded that
bull It should be emphasized
that
2 Empty words and
phrases
bull methodologic
bull important
3 Long words or phrases
that could be short
4 Unnecessary jargon
and acronyms
5 Repetitive words or
phrases
6 Adverbs
bull very really quite
basically generally etc
Substitute damn every time
youre inclined to write very
your editor will delete it and the
writing will be just as it should
be(Mark Twain)
Active vs Passive voice
Passive voice (Was done)
bull For previous studies
bull Literature reviewActive voice (I We did)
bull For new exciting own results
bull Original research
Verbs make the World go round
Donrsquot turn verbs into
nouns
Donrsquot bury the
main verb
Writing Environment
bull MS Word
bull Developed for average
users
bull WYSIWYG
bull Auto references
bull Thesaurus
bull LaTeX
bull Developed for
profesionals
bull Requires learning the
syntax
bull Latex makes difficult
things easy and easy
things very difficult
bull Prefered by publishers
LaTeX
Tables and figures
Tables
bull Most journals use three
horizontal lines one
above the column
headings one below the
column headings and
one below the data
bull Follow journal guidelines
bull DO NOT copy-paste
result tables directly from
software
Figures
bull Visual impact
bull Show trends and patterns
bull Tell a quick story
bull Tell the whole story
bull Highlight a particular
result
bull Always provide caption
bull Use high resolution (1000
dpi BampW 300 dpi color)
Tables-Examples
Figures- Examples
Final draft check-list
bull Check for consistency
bull Check for numerical consistencybull Do the numbers in your abstract match the numbers in your
tablesfigurestext
bull Do the numbers in the text match those in the tablesfigures
bull Do the numbers in each tablefigure match those in other tablesfigures
bull Check your references style
bull Check your overall style
Submission information
bull Authorship
This can be a point of contention when
writing in groups so establish
expectations for roles and responsibilities
early in the writing process
bull Permissions and Approvals
bull permissions for reprinting copyrighted
material
bull Ethical Considerations
Plagiarism amp Self- plagiarism
bull Passing off other
peoplersquos writing (or
tables and figures) as
your own
bull cutting and pasting
sentences or even
phrases from another
source
bull slightly rewriting or re-
arranging othersrsquo
words
Recycling your own
writing or data
bull Copying or only
slightly rewriting text
from your own
published papers
bull Adding new data to
already published
data and presenting it
as new results
Submitting identical or overlapping data to multiple journals
Submission checklist
bull Keywords
bull JEL Codes
bull All figure captions
bull All tables (including title description)
bull Manuscript has been spell-checked and grammar-
checked
bull References are in the correct format for this journal
bull All references mentioned in the Reference list are cited
in the text and vice versa
bull Permission has been obtained for use of copyrighted
material from other sources (including the Web)
Cover letter
Put the puzzle together
LOGO
Thank You
Bibliography
bull Jaba E (2002) Statistica Editura Economică București
bull Day A amp Peters A D (1996) How to get research published in journals Aldershot
Gower
bull Academic Writing and Research Skills Workshop Mancester University
bull APA Research Style Crib Sheet by Professor Russ Dewey amp Dr Abel Scribe PhD -
Fall 2007
bull Writing Articles for Peer-Review Publications A Quick Reference Guide
bull Chin B (2004) How to write a great research paper John Wiley amp Sons
bull Pieter M Kroonenberg (2007)How to write an article Leiden University
bull Daniel P J Soule Lucy Whiteley and Shona McIntosh Writing for Scholarly
Journals eSharp
bull Stephen E Dew (2013)The 5 Step Essay Writing Process
bull Kristin Sainani Writing in the Sciences Stanford University
bull httpwebupaczasitefilesfile40753writing_an_academic_journal_articlepdf
bull Sebastian-Florian Enea Silvia Palașcă Claudiu Țigănaș (2013) G7 COUNTRIES ndash
ADVOCATES OF THE GLOBAL BUSINESS CYCLE GEBA 2013 Iași
bull Enea Sebastian (2013) EVALUATING GLOBALIZATION BY MEANS OF FUZZY
CLUSTER ANALYSIS IE Bucharest
bull Oxford Dictionary httpwwwoxforddictionariescom
Get Data
bull Questionnaires
bull Databases (Choose only institutional DB)
Compute results
State hypothesis
Verify hypothesis
Applydevelop models
Test models (inout of sample)
Save results draw graphs
Compute results
Statistic tools
MS Excel
SPSS
EViewsR
MATLAB
USER
FRIENDLY
General
Purpose
CODE
Specific
toolboxes
Wrapping up
Lit Review
Articles
Table withideas
Database
Raw data
Data sources
Results
Numbers
Tables
Graphs (high quality)
Templates
from selected journals
Article folder
Selecting a journal
bull Check that your article would fit with
the Aims amp Scope of the journal
bull Check whether the journal is by invitation
only ndash some journals only publish invited
articles
bull Check that the publication options of the
journal meet your needs (ISI BDI)
bull SUBMIT ONLY TO ONE JOURNAL
AT A TIME
Selecting a journal
bull Check the Guide for Authors-types of
articles published acceptable language
and article length
bull Read the abstracts of recent publications
to find current hot topics
bull Articles in your References section may
also lead to the right journal
bull Use automated abstract matching tools
(only if you have already an abstract)
Selecting a journal- International
Review Speed
The average number of weeks it takes for an
article to pass through the review process for this
journal We have selected two key points
1 From manuscript submission to the initial
decision on the article
2 From manuscript submission to the final
decision to accept
Impact factor
It is a measure of the number
of times an average paper in a
particular journal is cited
during the preceding two
years
ISI Journals larr HOT LINK
Selecting a journal- Romania
bull Romanian ISI Jornals-
Economicsbull AMFITEATRU ECONOMIC
bull ECONOMIC COMPUTATION
AND ECONOMIC
CYBERNETICS STUDIES AND
RESEARCH
bull REVISTA DE CERCETARE SI
INTERVENTIE SOCIALA
bull ROMANIAN JOURNAL OF
ECONOMIC FORECASTING
bull TRANSYLVANIAN REVIEW OF
ADMINISTRATIVE SCIENCES
bull Romanian BDI (B+)
Journals
REBS
CES Working Papers
ECTAP
Add your text in here
Add your text in here
Article structure
Title
Abstract
Introduction
Methodology
Results
Conclusions
Hot Tip
New article structure
Literaturereview
Methods
Results
Introduction
Conclusions
Abstract
Fancy title
Referencelist
Literature review
2 Reasons
Not re-inventing the
wheel
Position yourcurrent
research
Structure of LR
Introduction
bull Generalization
bull Widely known information
bull OR
bull State controversy
Main body
bull Presentpreviousworks
bull Choose an order
bull Use linkages
Endingremarks
bull Summarisethe mainfindings
bull Position yourpaper
Examples
bull In the last two or three decades the emphasis put on the
process of economic globalization has shifted the
analysisrsquo focus towards an international level
bull The international literature focused mainly on analyzing
the GDP as an absolute variable or as a growth rate
(Krolzig 2003) (Li amp Liu 2004) and its connections with
hellip proposed by Frankel and Rose (1998) further
developed by Imbs (2004)
bull As a general remark the IL considers that the complex
process of economic globalization should bring a higher
degree of business cycles synchronization
Good vs Bad
bull Remember the
purpose
bull Read about purpose
bull Write within the
purpose
bull Try to read everything
bull Read but not write
bull Not keeping
bibliographic
information
bull Try to include almost
everything
bull Give to many details
A PHRASE IN NEED
A FRIEND INDEED
httpwwwphrasebankmanche
steracuksourceshtm
Google search - phrasebank
GENERAL RULE
Methodology and or methods
Methodology
bull The study of a
single or multiple
methods
Methods
bull Ways instruments
procedures
employed to
complete the
research objectives
Empirical approach
1bull Population Sample
2
bull Data
bull Variables
3bull Methods
Population and Sample
bull ldquoThe research
population is
represented by all
the European
states rdquo
bull ldquo out of which we
have selected a
number of 24
European Union
members and 6
neighbouring
countries of the EUrdquo
Very very important
Mention if you have excluded
a number of entities from the
sample and motivate why
bull ldquoSome entities were deliberately excluded
from this analysis either on lack of relevant
data or a very different economical situation
leading to outliersrdquo
Data and variables
Source
Description
of data
Mention the
calculus method
Data Variables
Data and datum
Datum = noun singular form
Data = noun plural form
DATAS - Pieces of Data
Do not try to
dribble the
English grammar
Methods section
bull Explain how you have studied the research hypotheses
issues problems etc
bull Identify and structure logically the procedures employed
New method
bull Give precise and correct details
Previously published method
bull Name and cite it
Mathematical method
bull Include the formula
Results amp Discussions
bull Present results in a clear logical
sequence
bull Link findings to the aim of the article
bull WHATrsquoS NEW
bull Discuss findings by reffering to existing
literature
bull Possible implications
bull Also report uncertainties
bull DO NOT SPECULATE JUST REPORT
Results amp Discussions
bull Use tables and figures to support your arguments
bull Provide captions and legends for all your figures and tables
bull Use measure units where appropriate
bull NEVER USE RAW DATA
bull Be parsimonious about tables and figures
bull Never duplicate (same information both in table and in figure)
Results- Statistical issues
1 Descriptive analysis of the variables and
checking assumptions- to check for correctness of the data
- to acquire a feel for the raw data so that you recognize unusual
outcomes in your results
- to check whether the assumptions of the main analysis technique
have been fulfilled to a reasonable level
- to detect and explain of missing data or subjects with unusual
data
Dependent variables Independent
variables
Reporting statistics
bull MeanStandard
Deviation and
percentages are most
clearly presented in
parenthesesldquoThe sample as a whole was
relatively young (M = 1922 SD =
345)rdquo ƒ
bull Never report the
significance level as
p =0000 correct is
p lt0001
bull Chi-square -degrees
of freedom and
sample size in
parentheses followed
by chi-square statistic
(round to two decimal
places) and the
significance level
bull ldquoThe proportion of older male
teachers was 086 whereas the
proportion of younger male
teachers was 052 This difference
is significant (2 N = 167) =
2201 p lt 01rdquo
2
Reporting statistics
bull Correlations are
reported with their
degrees of freedom
(N-2) in parentheses
together with the
significance level in
this way
bull ldquoThe two variables were strongly
correlated r(55) =49 p lt01rdquo
bull ƒ t Tests are reported
with the degrees of
freedom in
parentheses followed
by the t statistic
(rounded to two
decimal places) and
the significance level
bull ldquoThere was a significant effect for
gender t(54) = 543 p lt001 with
men receiving higher scores than
womenrdquo
Reporting statistics
bull Regression results are often best
presented in a table
bull Include the standardized slope (beta)
along with the t-test and the corresponding
significance level
bull ldquoSocial support significantly predicted depression scores beta= -34 t(225)
= 653 p lt01 Social support also explained a significant proportion of
variance in depression scores R2 =12 F(1 225) = 4264 p lt01 rdquo
Tables and figures
Tables
bull Remove grid lines
bull Make sure everything
lines up
bull Keep a reasonable
number of significant
figures
bull Leave out
unnecessary info
Figures
bull Line Graphs-Used to
show trends over
time age
bull Bar Graphs- Used to
compare groups at
one time point
bull Scatter Plots- Used to
show relationships
between two
variables
Tables and figures- Example
Tables and figures
Do-s
bull Labeling
bull Numbering
bull Positioning
bull In-text referencing
bull Larger tables and
figuresmdashplace large
tables or figures in the
appendices
Donrsquot-s
bull Dont restructure data
from an information
source into another
format
bull Dont give extensive
descriptions in your
writing of the contents
of a table or diagram
The information in a
table or diagram tells
its own story
Insights regarding the
Introduction
Comunicates thereseach area
The authorrsquos position
Create the RESEARCH
SPACE
Short structure
bull Establish a territory ndash identify the research topic1
bull Identify a niche ndash issues gaps dilemmas that demand attention
2
bull State what your paper is going to address3
Suggested structure
Ibull Generalization about the topic
II
bull Short insights regarding the topic and or concepts (definitions debates academic conflicts)
IIIbull Find the research issue or gap
IV bull State very clearly the purpose
Vbull Structure of the article
GENERALIZATION ABOUT THE
TOPIC
ldquoConsidered to be one of the most important
contemporary phenomena by the national and
international literature globalization represents
a key research issue within in the academic
fieldrdquo
SHORT INSIGHTS REGARDING THE
TOPIC AND OR CONCEPTS
ldquoUsed as a term for the first time in 1983 in order to
(citation) globalization can be perceived as rdquo
The literature on business cycles acknowledges two
types of cycles the ldquoclassicalrdquo cycle as defined by hellip
(citation) and the one based on deviations or growths
where the underlying idea is that hellip (citation) ldquo
FIND THE RESEARCH ISSUE OR
GAP
ldquoThe main challenge that globalization puts forward
is that of finding alternative methods that can evaluate
its impact on the international economy
an analysis based on the idea that business cycles
synchronization represents a direct effect of
globalization offers the possibility to better grasp the
nature and dynamics of these vast processesrdquo
State very clearly the purpose
bull The present study seeks to
address the following questions
Are there pieces of evidence
regarding the synchronization
of business cycles between
the G7 countries and if this
is proved to be true
Can these seven countries be
considered the promoters of
economic globalization
This paper aims to estimate the synchronization of business cycles
perceived as an effect of globalization on the basis of the relationship
that exists between the growth rate of the GDP and inflows and
outflows of foreign direct investments (FDI) considered as percentage
of the GDP
Tips for writing the
Conclusions
bull Conclusions = the summing-up of an
argument or text
bull From the verb to conclude = to bring or
come to an end to sum up
Suggested structure
I
bull General assessment of the topic
bull Link to the purpose of the paper
II
bull Short and concise remarks regarding the findings
III
bull Contributions of the study
IV
bull Limitations of the research
bull Future research directions
GENERAL ASSESSMENT OF THE TOPIC amp
LINK TO THE PURPOSE OF THE PAPER
ldquoBoth globalization and business cycles are elusive economical
phenomena hence they represents a continuous research puzzle
for the academic community and an inexhaustible source of
possible inquiriesrdquo
ldquoThe main purpose of the research was to assess the business
cycle synchronization patterns inside the G7 in order to better
grasp the transformations that hellipldquo
SHORT AND CONCISE REMARKS
REGARDING THE FINDINGS
ldquoThe study has showed that in general hellip One of the
more important findings that emerge from the research
is fact that hellipThe second major finding is that hellip thus it
highlights the cases of hellip previously discussed It can
also be said that helliprdquo
CONTRIBUTIONS OF THE STUDY
ldquoThe contribution of the research founded on the
existence of resides in the explanation of and
also the Another implication of the present paper is
that it highlights the importance rdquo
ldquoThe novelty of the study is the use the ltlt X gtgt method
in order to study the helliprdquo
LIMITATIONS amp FUTURE RESEARCH
DIRECTIONS
ldquoThe future directions of study
will aim to enlarge the sample
and employ if possible
additional variables and
quarterly datardquo
ldquoThe limitations of the research
derive from therdquo
bull sample size
bull variables employed
bull types of data (annual
quarterly etc)
bull methods
bull time span
Connection with the future study
direction
Abstract
bull Summarizes the research and the conclusions
bull Is your advertisment = rdquoSellsrdquo your work
bull 50-300 words (200 typical length) (Refer to
author guidelines)
bull Stand-alone (NO references)
bull Indicates usefulness
bull Targets the audience
Writing the abstract-Long version
Originalityvalue
Research limitationsimplications
Findings
Designmethodologyapproach
Purpose
bullBased on the Emerald Structured Abstract
Writing the abstract-Short version
The Findings
The Arguments
The Purpose
Fancy title
bull Academic Titles Have Three Parts
bull (A) A catchy hook that introduces the
paper in a creative way
bull (B) Specific keywords that identify the
concepts the scholar will be exploring
bull (C) The location where those keywords
will be explored
bull 8-15 words
bull Main themeresearch topic research
design + population + geographical area
Fancy title- Examples
bull Globalization versus Segregation-Business Cycles
Synchronization in Europe
bull Is trade a vector of business cycles synchronization A
Fuzzy Cluster Approach of Globalization
bull Leaders and Followers in the Business Cycle Game A
Case Study of the G7
bull Hard or fuzzy clusters in assessing business cycle
transmission
bull The reverse alchemy of the business cycle
References section
In-text citations
All the cited
works compose
the Reference
List
Types of in-text citation
bull Varies from
Journal to Journal
bull Always check the
Authorrsquos
Guidelines
bull MS Office offers
APA
Harvard
Chicago
IEEE (reference order)
ISO 690 (Numerical
reference)
Includes only the
works cited in the
paper
Contains papers
read not
necessary cited
What makes good writing
Having something
to say
Logical thinking
A few simple
learnable rules of
style
Writing- Tips and tricks
Read pay attention and imitate
Talk about your research before trying to write about it
Stop waiting for ldquoinspirationrdquo
Revise Nobody gets it perfect on the first try
Learn how to cut ruthlessly Never become too attached to your words
Drop the balast
bull 1 Cut unnecessary words and phrases
bull 2 Write with verbs use strong verbs
avoid turning verbs into nouns and donrsquot
bury the main verb
The BAD Writing Contest
bull The move from a structuralist account in which capital is
understood to structure social relations in relatively homologous
ways to a view of hegemony in which power relations are subject to
repetition convergence and rearticulation brought the question of
temporality into the thinking of structure and marked a shift from a
form of Althusserian theory that takes structural totalities as
theoretical objects to one in which the insights into the contingent
possibility of structure inaugurate a renewed conception of
hegemony as bound up with the contingent sites and strategies of
the rearticulation of power
bull Butlerrsquos Diacritics (1997)
Balast to drop-Examples
1 Dead weight words and
phrases
bull As it is well known
bull As it has been shown
bull It can be regarded that
bull It should be emphasized
that
2 Empty words and
phrases
bull methodologic
bull important
3 Long words or phrases
that could be short
4 Unnecessary jargon
and acronyms
5 Repetitive words or
phrases
6 Adverbs
bull very really quite
basically generally etc
Substitute damn every time
youre inclined to write very
your editor will delete it and the
writing will be just as it should
be(Mark Twain)
Active vs Passive voice
Passive voice (Was done)
bull For previous studies
bull Literature reviewActive voice (I We did)
bull For new exciting own results
bull Original research
Verbs make the World go round
Donrsquot turn verbs into
nouns
Donrsquot bury the
main verb
Writing Environment
bull MS Word
bull Developed for average
users
bull WYSIWYG
bull Auto references
bull Thesaurus
bull LaTeX
bull Developed for
profesionals
bull Requires learning the
syntax
bull Latex makes difficult
things easy and easy
things very difficult
bull Prefered by publishers
LaTeX
Tables and figures
Tables
bull Most journals use three
horizontal lines one
above the column
headings one below the
column headings and
one below the data
bull Follow journal guidelines
bull DO NOT copy-paste
result tables directly from
software
Figures
bull Visual impact
bull Show trends and patterns
bull Tell a quick story
bull Tell the whole story
bull Highlight a particular
result
bull Always provide caption
bull Use high resolution (1000
dpi BampW 300 dpi color)
Tables-Examples
Figures- Examples
Final draft check-list
bull Check for consistency
bull Check for numerical consistencybull Do the numbers in your abstract match the numbers in your
tablesfigurestext
bull Do the numbers in the text match those in the tablesfigures
bull Do the numbers in each tablefigure match those in other tablesfigures
bull Check your references style
bull Check your overall style
Submission information
bull Authorship
This can be a point of contention when
writing in groups so establish
expectations for roles and responsibilities
early in the writing process
bull Permissions and Approvals
bull permissions for reprinting copyrighted
material
bull Ethical Considerations
Plagiarism amp Self- plagiarism
bull Passing off other
peoplersquos writing (or
tables and figures) as
your own
bull cutting and pasting
sentences or even
phrases from another
source
bull slightly rewriting or re-
arranging othersrsquo
words
Recycling your own
writing or data
bull Copying or only
slightly rewriting text
from your own
published papers
bull Adding new data to
already published
data and presenting it
as new results
Submitting identical or overlapping data to multiple journals
Submission checklist
bull Keywords
bull JEL Codes
bull All figure captions
bull All tables (including title description)
bull Manuscript has been spell-checked and grammar-
checked
bull References are in the correct format for this journal
bull All references mentioned in the Reference list are cited
in the text and vice versa
bull Permission has been obtained for use of copyrighted
material from other sources (including the Web)
Cover letter
Put the puzzle together
LOGO
Thank You
Bibliography
bull Jaba E (2002) Statistica Editura Economică București
bull Day A amp Peters A D (1996) How to get research published in journals Aldershot
Gower
bull Academic Writing and Research Skills Workshop Mancester University
bull APA Research Style Crib Sheet by Professor Russ Dewey amp Dr Abel Scribe PhD -
Fall 2007
bull Writing Articles for Peer-Review Publications A Quick Reference Guide
bull Chin B (2004) How to write a great research paper John Wiley amp Sons
bull Pieter M Kroonenberg (2007)How to write an article Leiden University
bull Daniel P J Soule Lucy Whiteley and Shona McIntosh Writing for Scholarly
Journals eSharp
bull Stephen E Dew (2013)The 5 Step Essay Writing Process
bull Kristin Sainani Writing in the Sciences Stanford University
bull httpwebupaczasitefilesfile40753writing_an_academic_journal_articlepdf
bull Sebastian-Florian Enea Silvia Palașcă Claudiu Țigănaș (2013) G7 COUNTRIES ndash
ADVOCATES OF THE GLOBAL BUSINESS CYCLE GEBA 2013 Iași
bull Enea Sebastian (2013) EVALUATING GLOBALIZATION BY MEANS OF FUZZY
CLUSTER ANALYSIS IE Bucharest
bull Oxford Dictionary httpwwwoxforddictionariescom
Compute results
State hypothesis
Verify hypothesis
Applydevelop models
Test models (inout of sample)
Save results draw graphs
Compute results
Statistic tools
MS Excel
SPSS
EViewsR
MATLAB
USER
FRIENDLY
General
Purpose
CODE
Specific
toolboxes
Wrapping up
Lit Review
Articles
Table withideas
Database
Raw data
Data sources
Results
Numbers
Tables
Graphs (high quality)
Templates
from selected journals
Article folder
Selecting a journal
bull Check that your article would fit with
the Aims amp Scope of the journal
bull Check whether the journal is by invitation
only ndash some journals only publish invited
articles
bull Check that the publication options of the
journal meet your needs (ISI BDI)
bull SUBMIT ONLY TO ONE JOURNAL
AT A TIME
Selecting a journal
bull Check the Guide for Authors-types of
articles published acceptable language
and article length
bull Read the abstracts of recent publications
to find current hot topics
bull Articles in your References section may
also lead to the right journal
bull Use automated abstract matching tools
(only if you have already an abstract)
Selecting a journal- International
Review Speed
The average number of weeks it takes for an
article to pass through the review process for this
journal We have selected two key points
1 From manuscript submission to the initial
decision on the article
2 From manuscript submission to the final
decision to accept
Impact factor
It is a measure of the number
of times an average paper in a
particular journal is cited
during the preceding two
years
ISI Journals larr HOT LINK
Selecting a journal- Romania
bull Romanian ISI Jornals-
Economicsbull AMFITEATRU ECONOMIC
bull ECONOMIC COMPUTATION
AND ECONOMIC
CYBERNETICS STUDIES AND
RESEARCH
bull REVISTA DE CERCETARE SI
INTERVENTIE SOCIALA
bull ROMANIAN JOURNAL OF
ECONOMIC FORECASTING
bull TRANSYLVANIAN REVIEW OF
ADMINISTRATIVE SCIENCES
bull Romanian BDI (B+)
Journals
REBS
CES Working Papers
ECTAP
Add your text in here
Add your text in here
Article structure
Title
Abstract
Introduction
Methodology
Results
Conclusions
Hot Tip
New article structure
Literaturereview
Methods
Results
Introduction
Conclusions
Abstract
Fancy title
Referencelist
Literature review
2 Reasons
Not re-inventing the
wheel
Position yourcurrent
research
Structure of LR
Introduction
bull Generalization
bull Widely known information
bull OR
bull State controversy
Main body
bull Presentpreviousworks
bull Choose an order
bull Use linkages
Endingremarks
bull Summarisethe mainfindings
bull Position yourpaper
Examples
bull In the last two or three decades the emphasis put on the
process of economic globalization has shifted the
analysisrsquo focus towards an international level
bull The international literature focused mainly on analyzing
the GDP as an absolute variable or as a growth rate
(Krolzig 2003) (Li amp Liu 2004) and its connections with
hellip proposed by Frankel and Rose (1998) further
developed by Imbs (2004)
bull As a general remark the IL considers that the complex
process of economic globalization should bring a higher
degree of business cycles synchronization
Good vs Bad
bull Remember the
purpose
bull Read about purpose
bull Write within the
purpose
bull Try to read everything
bull Read but not write
bull Not keeping
bibliographic
information
bull Try to include almost
everything
bull Give to many details
A PHRASE IN NEED
A FRIEND INDEED
httpwwwphrasebankmanche
steracuksourceshtm
Google search - phrasebank
GENERAL RULE
Methodology and or methods
Methodology
bull The study of a
single or multiple
methods
Methods
bull Ways instruments
procedures
employed to
complete the
research objectives
Empirical approach
1bull Population Sample
2
bull Data
bull Variables
3bull Methods
Population and Sample
bull ldquoThe research
population is
represented by all
the European
states rdquo
bull ldquo out of which we
have selected a
number of 24
European Union
members and 6
neighbouring
countries of the EUrdquo
Very very important
Mention if you have excluded
a number of entities from the
sample and motivate why
bull ldquoSome entities were deliberately excluded
from this analysis either on lack of relevant
data or a very different economical situation
leading to outliersrdquo
Data and variables
Source
Description
of data
Mention the
calculus method
Data Variables
Data and datum
Datum = noun singular form
Data = noun plural form
DATAS - Pieces of Data
Do not try to
dribble the
English grammar
Methods section
bull Explain how you have studied the research hypotheses
issues problems etc
bull Identify and structure logically the procedures employed
New method
bull Give precise and correct details
Previously published method
bull Name and cite it
Mathematical method
bull Include the formula
Results amp Discussions
bull Present results in a clear logical
sequence
bull Link findings to the aim of the article
bull WHATrsquoS NEW
bull Discuss findings by reffering to existing
literature
bull Possible implications
bull Also report uncertainties
bull DO NOT SPECULATE JUST REPORT
Results amp Discussions
bull Use tables and figures to support your arguments
bull Provide captions and legends for all your figures and tables
bull Use measure units where appropriate
bull NEVER USE RAW DATA
bull Be parsimonious about tables and figures
bull Never duplicate (same information both in table and in figure)
Results- Statistical issues
1 Descriptive analysis of the variables and
checking assumptions- to check for correctness of the data
- to acquire a feel for the raw data so that you recognize unusual
outcomes in your results
- to check whether the assumptions of the main analysis technique
have been fulfilled to a reasonable level
- to detect and explain of missing data or subjects with unusual
data
Dependent variables Independent
variables
Reporting statistics
bull MeanStandard
Deviation and
percentages are most
clearly presented in
parenthesesldquoThe sample as a whole was
relatively young (M = 1922 SD =
345)rdquo ƒ
bull Never report the
significance level as
p =0000 correct is
p lt0001
bull Chi-square -degrees
of freedom and
sample size in
parentheses followed
by chi-square statistic
(round to two decimal
places) and the
significance level
bull ldquoThe proportion of older male
teachers was 086 whereas the
proportion of younger male
teachers was 052 This difference
is significant (2 N = 167) =
2201 p lt 01rdquo
2
Reporting statistics
bull Correlations are
reported with their
degrees of freedom
(N-2) in parentheses
together with the
significance level in
this way
bull ldquoThe two variables were strongly
correlated r(55) =49 p lt01rdquo
bull ƒ t Tests are reported
with the degrees of
freedom in
parentheses followed
by the t statistic
(rounded to two
decimal places) and
the significance level
bull ldquoThere was a significant effect for
gender t(54) = 543 p lt001 with
men receiving higher scores than
womenrdquo
Reporting statistics
bull Regression results are often best
presented in a table
bull Include the standardized slope (beta)
along with the t-test and the corresponding
significance level
bull ldquoSocial support significantly predicted depression scores beta= -34 t(225)
= 653 p lt01 Social support also explained a significant proportion of
variance in depression scores R2 =12 F(1 225) = 4264 p lt01 rdquo
Tables and figures
Tables
bull Remove grid lines
bull Make sure everything
lines up
bull Keep a reasonable
number of significant
figures
bull Leave out
unnecessary info
Figures
bull Line Graphs-Used to
show trends over
time age
bull Bar Graphs- Used to
compare groups at
one time point
bull Scatter Plots- Used to
show relationships
between two
variables
Tables and figures- Example
Tables and figures
Do-s
bull Labeling
bull Numbering
bull Positioning
bull In-text referencing
bull Larger tables and
figuresmdashplace large
tables or figures in the
appendices
Donrsquot-s
bull Dont restructure data
from an information
source into another
format
bull Dont give extensive
descriptions in your
writing of the contents
of a table or diagram
The information in a
table or diagram tells
its own story
Insights regarding the
Introduction
Comunicates thereseach area
The authorrsquos position
Create the RESEARCH
SPACE
Short structure
bull Establish a territory ndash identify the research topic1
bull Identify a niche ndash issues gaps dilemmas that demand attention
2
bull State what your paper is going to address3
Suggested structure
Ibull Generalization about the topic
II
bull Short insights regarding the topic and or concepts (definitions debates academic conflicts)
IIIbull Find the research issue or gap
IV bull State very clearly the purpose
Vbull Structure of the article
GENERALIZATION ABOUT THE
TOPIC
ldquoConsidered to be one of the most important
contemporary phenomena by the national and
international literature globalization represents
a key research issue within in the academic
fieldrdquo
SHORT INSIGHTS REGARDING THE
TOPIC AND OR CONCEPTS
ldquoUsed as a term for the first time in 1983 in order to
(citation) globalization can be perceived as rdquo
The literature on business cycles acknowledges two
types of cycles the ldquoclassicalrdquo cycle as defined by hellip
(citation) and the one based on deviations or growths
where the underlying idea is that hellip (citation) ldquo
FIND THE RESEARCH ISSUE OR
GAP
ldquoThe main challenge that globalization puts forward
is that of finding alternative methods that can evaluate
its impact on the international economy
an analysis based on the idea that business cycles
synchronization represents a direct effect of
globalization offers the possibility to better grasp the
nature and dynamics of these vast processesrdquo
State very clearly the purpose
bull The present study seeks to
address the following questions
Are there pieces of evidence
regarding the synchronization
of business cycles between
the G7 countries and if this
is proved to be true
Can these seven countries be
considered the promoters of
economic globalization
This paper aims to estimate the synchronization of business cycles
perceived as an effect of globalization on the basis of the relationship
that exists between the growth rate of the GDP and inflows and
outflows of foreign direct investments (FDI) considered as percentage
of the GDP
Tips for writing the
Conclusions
bull Conclusions = the summing-up of an
argument or text
bull From the verb to conclude = to bring or
come to an end to sum up
Suggested structure
I
bull General assessment of the topic
bull Link to the purpose of the paper
II
bull Short and concise remarks regarding the findings
III
bull Contributions of the study
IV
bull Limitations of the research
bull Future research directions
GENERAL ASSESSMENT OF THE TOPIC amp
LINK TO THE PURPOSE OF THE PAPER
ldquoBoth globalization and business cycles are elusive economical
phenomena hence they represents a continuous research puzzle
for the academic community and an inexhaustible source of
possible inquiriesrdquo
ldquoThe main purpose of the research was to assess the business
cycle synchronization patterns inside the G7 in order to better
grasp the transformations that hellipldquo
SHORT AND CONCISE REMARKS
REGARDING THE FINDINGS
ldquoThe study has showed that in general hellip One of the
more important findings that emerge from the research
is fact that hellipThe second major finding is that hellip thus it
highlights the cases of hellip previously discussed It can
also be said that helliprdquo
CONTRIBUTIONS OF THE STUDY
ldquoThe contribution of the research founded on the
existence of resides in the explanation of and
also the Another implication of the present paper is
that it highlights the importance rdquo
ldquoThe novelty of the study is the use the ltlt X gtgt method
in order to study the helliprdquo
LIMITATIONS amp FUTURE RESEARCH
DIRECTIONS
ldquoThe future directions of study
will aim to enlarge the sample
and employ if possible
additional variables and
quarterly datardquo
ldquoThe limitations of the research
derive from therdquo
bull sample size
bull variables employed
bull types of data (annual
quarterly etc)
bull methods
bull time span
Connection with the future study
direction
Abstract
bull Summarizes the research and the conclusions
bull Is your advertisment = rdquoSellsrdquo your work
bull 50-300 words (200 typical length) (Refer to
author guidelines)
bull Stand-alone (NO references)
bull Indicates usefulness
bull Targets the audience
Writing the abstract-Long version
Originalityvalue
Research limitationsimplications
Findings
Designmethodologyapproach
Purpose
bullBased on the Emerald Structured Abstract
Writing the abstract-Short version
The Findings
The Arguments
The Purpose
Fancy title
bull Academic Titles Have Three Parts
bull (A) A catchy hook that introduces the
paper in a creative way
bull (B) Specific keywords that identify the
concepts the scholar will be exploring
bull (C) The location where those keywords
will be explored
bull 8-15 words
bull Main themeresearch topic research
design + population + geographical area
Fancy title- Examples
bull Globalization versus Segregation-Business Cycles
Synchronization in Europe
bull Is trade a vector of business cycles synchronization A
Fuzzy Cluster Approach of Globalization
bull Leaders and Followers in the Business Cycle Game A
Case Study of the G7
bull Hard or fuzzy clusters in assessing business cycle
transmission
bull The reverse alchemy of the business cycle
References section
In-text citations
All the cited
works compose
the Reference
List
Types of in-text citation
bull Varies from
Journal to Journal
bull Always check the
Authorrsquos
Guidelines
bull MS Office offers
APA
Harvard
Chicago
IEEE (reference order)
ISO 690 (Numerical
reference)
Includes only the
works cited in the
paper
Contains papers
read not
necessary cited
What makes good writing
Having something
to say
Logical thinking
A few simple
learnable rules of
style
Writing- Tips and tricks
Read pay attention and imitate
Talk about your research before trying to write about it
Stop waiting for ldquoinspirationrdquo
Revise Nobody gets it perfect on the first try
Learn how to cut ruthlessly Never become too attached to your words
Drop the balast
bull 1 Cut unnecessary words and phrases
bull 2 Write with verbs use strong verbs
avoid turning verbs into nouns and donrsquot
bury the main verb
The BAD Writing Contest
bull The move from a structuralist account in which capital is
understood to structure social relations in relatively homologous
ways to a view of hegemony in which power relations are subject to
repetition convergence and rearticulation brought the question of
temporality into the thinking of structure and marked a shift from a
form of Althusserian theory that takes structural totalities as
theoretical objects to one in which the insights into the contingent
possibility of structure inaugurate a renewed conception of
hegemony as bound up with the contingent sites and strategies of
the rearticulation of power
bull Butlerrsquos Diacritics (1997)
Balast to drop-Examples
1 Dead weight words and
phrases
bull As it is well known
bull As it has been shown
bull It can be regarded that
bull It should be emphasized
that
2 Empty words and
phrases
bull methodologic
bull important
3 Long words or phrases
that could be short
4 Unnecessary jargon
and acronyms
5 Repetitive words or
phrases
6 Adverbs
bull very really quite
basically generally etc
Substitute damn every time
youre inclined to write very
your editor will delete it and the
writing will be just as it should
be(Mark Twain)
Active vs Passive voice
Passive voice (Was done)
bull For previous studies
bull Literature reviewActive voice (I We did)
bull For new exciting own results
bull Original research
Verbs make the World go round
Donrsquot turn verbs into
nouns
Donrsquot bury the
main verb
Writing Environment
bull MS Word
bull Developed for average
users
bull WYSIWYG
bull Auto references
bull Thesaurus
bull LaTeX
bull Developed for
profesionals
bull Requires learning the
syntax
bull Latex makes difficult
things easy and easy
things very difficult
bull Prefered by publishers
LaTeX
Tables and figures
Tables
bull Most journals use three
horizontal lines one
above the column
headings one below the
column headings and
one below the data
bull Follow journal guidelines
bull DO NOT copy-paste
result tables directly from
software
Figures
bull Visual impact
bull Show trends and patterns
bull Tell a quick story
bull Tell the whole story
bull Highlight a particular
result
bull Always provide caption
bull Use high resolution (1000
dpi BampW 300 dpi color)
Tables-Examples
Figures- Examples
Final draft check-list
bull Check for consistency
bull Check for numerical consistencybull Do the numbers in your abstract match the numbers in your
tablesfigurestext
bull Do the numbers in the text match those in the tablesfigures
bull Do the numbers in each tablefigure match those in other tablesfigures
bull Check your references style
bull Check your overall style
Submission information
bull Authorship
This can be a point of contention when
writing in groups so establish
expectations for roles and responsibilities
early in the writing process
bull Permissions and Approvals
bull permissions for reprinting copyrighted
material
bull Ethical Considerations
Plagiarism amp Self- plagiarism
bull Passing off other
peoplersquos writing (or
tables and figures) as
your own
bull cutting and pasting
sentences or even
phrases from another
source
bull slightly rewriting or re-
arranging othersrsquo
words
Recycling your own
writing or data
bull Copying or only
slightly rewriting text
from your own
published papers
bull Adding new data to
already published
data and presenting it
as new results
Submitting identical or overlapping data to multiple journals
Submission checklist
bull Keywords
bull JEL Codes
bull All figure captions
bull All tables (including title description)
bull Manuscript has been spell-checked and grammar-
checked
bull References are in the correct format for this journal
bull All references mentioned in the Reference list are cited
in the text and vice versa
bull Permission has been obtained for use of copyrighted
material from other sources (including the Web)
Cover letter
Put the puzzle together
LOGO
Thank You
Bibliography
bull Jaba E (2002) Statistica Editura Economică București
bull Day A amp Peters A D (1996) How to get research published in journals Aldershot
Gower
bull Academic Writing and Research Skills Workshop Mancester University
bull APA Research Style Crib Sheet by Professor Russ Dewey amp Dr Abel Scribe PhD -
Fall 2007
bull Writing Articles for Peer-Review Publications A Quick Reference Guide
bull Chin B (2004) How to write a great research paper John Wiley amp Sons
bull Pieter M Kroonenberg (2007)How to write an article Leiden University
bull Daniel P J Soule Lucy Whiteley and Shona McIntosh Writing for Scholarly
Journals eSharp
bull Stephen E Dew (2013)The 5 Step Essay Writing Process
bull Kristin Sainani Writing in the Sciences Stanford University
bull httpwebupaczasitefilesfile40753writing_an_academic_journal_articlepdf
bull Sebastian-Florian Enea Silvia Palașcă Claudiu Țigănaș (2013) G7 COUNTRIES ndash
ADVOCATES OF THE GLOBAL BUSINESS CYCLE GEBA 2013 Iași
bull Enea Sebastian (2013) EVALUATING GLOBALIZATION BY MEANS OF FUZZY
CLUSTER ANALYSIS IE Bucharest
bull Oxford Dictionary httpwwwoxforddictionariescom
Compute results
Statistic tools
MS Excel
SPSS
EViewsR
MATLAB
USER
FRIENDLY
General
Purpose
CODE
Specific
toolboxes
Wrapping up
Lit Review
Articles
Table withideas
Database
Raw data
Data sources
Results
Numbers
Tables
Graphs (high quality)
Templates
from selected journals
Article folder
Selecting a journal
bull Check that your article would fit with
the Aims amp Scope of the journal
bull Check whether the journal is by invitation
only ndash some journals only publish invited
articles
bull Check that the publication options of the
journal meet your needs (ISI BDI)
bull SUBMIT ONLY TO ONE JOURNAL
AT A TIME
Selecting a journal
bull Check the Guide for Authors-types of
articles published acceptable language
and article length
bull Read the abstracts of recent publications
to find current hot topics
bull Articles in your References section may
also lead to the right journal
bull Use automated abstract matching tools
(only if you have already an abstract)
Selecting a journal- International
Review Speed
The average number of weeks it takes for an
article to pass through the review process for this
journal We have selected two key points
1 From manuscript submission to the initial
decision on the article
2 From manuscript submission to the final
decision to accept
Impact factor
It is a measure of the number
of times an average paper in a
particular journal is cited
during the preceding two
years
ISI Journals larr HOT LINK
Selecting a journal- Romania
bull Romanian ISI Jornals-
Economicsbull AMFITEATRU ECONOMIC
bull ECONOMIC COMPUTATION
AND ECONOMIC
CYBERNETICS STUDIES AND
RESEARCH
bull REVISTA DE CERCETARE SI
INTERVENTIE SOCIALA
bull ROMANIAN JOURNAL OF
ECONOMIC FORECASTING
bull TRANSYLVANIAN REVIEW OF
ADMINISTRATIVE SCIENCES
bull Romanian BDI (B+)
Journals
REBS
CES Working Papers
ECTAP
Add your text in here
Add your text in here
Article structure
Title
Abstract
Introduction
Methodology
Results
Conclusions
Hot Tip
New article structure
Literaturereview
Methods
Results
Introduction
Conclusions
Abstract
Fancy title
Referencelist
Literature review
2 Reasons
Not re-inventing the
wheel
Position yourcurrent
research
Structure of LR
Introduction
bull Generalization
bull Widely known information
bull OR
bull State controversy
Main body
bull Presentpreviousworks
bull Choose an order
bull Use linkages
Endingremarks
bull Summarisethe mainfindings
bull Position yourpaper
Examples
bull In the last two or three decades the emphasis put on the
process of economic globalization has shifted the
analysisrsquo focus towards an international level
bull The international literature focused mainly on analyzing
the GDP as an absolute variable or as a growth rate
(Krolzig 2003) (Li amp Liu 2004) and its connections with
hellip proposed by Frankel and Rose (1998) further
developed by Imbs (2004)
bull As a general remark the IL considers that the complex
process of economic globalization should bring a higher
degree of business cycles synchronization
Good vs Bad
bull Remember the
purpose
bull Read about purpose
bull Write within the
purpose
bull Try to read everything
bull Read but not write
bull Not keeping
bibliographic
information
bull Try to include almost
everything
bull Give to many details
A PHRASE IN NEED
A FRIEND INDEED
httpwwwphrasebankmanche
steracuksourceshtm
Google search - phrasebank
GENERAL RULE
Methodology and or methods
Methodology
bull The study of a
single or multiple
methods
Methods
bull Ways instruments
procedures
employed to
complete the
research objectives
Empirical approach
1bull Population Sample
2
bull Data
bull Variables
3bull Methods
Population and Sample
bull ldquoThe research
population is
represented by all
the European
states rdquo
bull ldquo out of which we
have selected a
number of 24
European Union
members and 6
neighbouring
countries of the EUrdquo
Very very important
Mention if you have excluded
a number of entities from the
sample and motivate why
bull ldquoSome entities were deliberately excluded
from this analysis either on lack of relevant
data or a very different economical situation
leading to outliersrdquo
Data and variables
Source
Description
of data
Mention the
calculus method
Data Variables
Data and datum
Datum = noun singular form
Data = noun plural form
DATAS - Pieces of Data
Do not try to
dribble the
English grammar
Methods section
bull Explain how you have studied the research hypotheses
issues problems etc
bull Identify and structure logically the procedures employed
New method
bull Give precise and correct details
Previously published method
bull Name and cite it
Mathematical method
bull Include the formula
Results amp Discussions
bull Present results in a clear logical
sequence
bull Link findings to the aim of the article
bull WHATrsquoS NEW
bull Discuss findings by reffering to existing
literature
bull Possible implications
bull Also report uncertainties
bull DO NOT SPECULATE JUST REPORT
Results amp Discussions
bull Use tables and figures to support your arguments
bull Provide captions and legends for all your figures and tables
bull Use measure units where appropriate
bull NEVER USE RAW DATA
bull Be parsimonious about tables and figures
bull Never duplicate (same information both in table and in figure)
Results- Statistical issues
1 Descriptive analysis of the variables and
checking assumptions- to check for correctness of the data
- to acquire a feel for the raw data so that you recognize unusual
outcomes in your results
- to check whether the assumptions of the main analysis technique
have been fulfilled to a reasonable level
- to detect and explain of missing data or subjects with unusual
data
Dependent variables Independent
variables
Reporting statistics
bull MeanStandard
Deviation and
percentages are most
clearly presented in
parenthesesldquoThe sample as a whole was
relatively young (M = 1922 SD =
345)rdquo ƒ
bull Never report the
significance level as
p =0000 correct is
p lt0001
bull Chi-square -degrees
of freedom and
sample size in
parentheses followed
by chi-square statistic
(round to two decimal
places) and the
significance level
bull ldquoThe proportion of older male
teachers was 086 whereas the
proportion of younger male
teachers was 052 This difference
is significant (2 N = 167) =
2201 p lt 01rdquo
2
Reporting statistics
bull Correlations are
reported with their
degrees of freedom
(N-2) in parentheses
together with the
significance level in
this way
bull ldquoThe two variables were strongly
correlated r(55) =49 p lt01rdquo
bull ƒ t Tests are reported
with the degrees of
freedom in
parentheses followed
by the t statistic
(rounded to two
decimal places) and
the significance level
bull ldquoThere was a significant effect for
gender t(54) = 543 p lt001 with
men receiving higher scores than
womenrdquo
Reporting statistics
bull Regression results are often best
presented in a table
bull Include the standardized slope (beta)
along with the t-test and the corresponding
significance level
bull ldquoSocial support significantly predicted depression scores beta= -34 t(225)
= 653 p lt01 Social support also explained a significant proportion of
variance in depression scores R2 =12 F(1 225) = 4264 p lt01 rdquo
Tables and figures
Tables
bull Remove grid lines
bull Make sure everything
lines up
bull Keep a reasonable
number of significant
figures
bull Leave out
unnecessary info
Figures
bull Line Graphs-Used to
show trends over
time age
bull Bar Graphs- Used to
compare groups at
one time point
bull Scatter Plots- Used to
show relationships
between two
variables
Tables and figures- Example
Tables and figures
Do-s
bull Labeling
bull Numbering
bull Positioning
bull In-text referencing
bull Larger tables and
figuresmdashplace large
tables or figures in the
appendices
Donrsquot-s
bull Dont restructure data
from an information
source into another
format
bull Dont give extensive
descriptions in your
writing of the contents
of a table or diagram
The information in a
table or diagram tells
its own story
Insights regarding the
Introduction
Comunicates thereseach area
The authorrsquos position
Create the RESEARCH
SPACE
Short structure
bull Establish a territory ndash identify the research topic1
bull Identify a niche ndash issues gaps dilemmas that demand attention
2
bull State what your paper is going to address3
Suggested structure
Ibull Generalization about the topic
II
bull Short insights regarding the topic and or concepts (definitions debates academic conflicts)
IIIbull Find the research issue or gap
IV bull State very clearly the purpose
Vbull Structure of the article
GENERALIZATION ABOUT THE
TOPIC
ldquoConsidered to be one of the most important
contemporary phenomena by the national and
international literature globalization represents
a key research issue within in the academic
fieldrdquo
SHORT INSIGHTS REGARDING THE
TOPIC AND OR CONCEPTS
ldquoUsed as a term for the first time in 1983 in order to
(citation) globalization can be perceived as rdquo
The literature on business cycles acknowledges two
types of cycles the ldquoclassicalrdquo cycle as defined by hellip
(citation) and the one based on deviations or growths
where the underlying idea is that hellip (citation) ldquo
FIND THE RESEARCH ISSUE OR
GAP
ldquoThe main challenge that globalization puts forward
is that of finding alternative methods that can evaluate
its impact on the international economy
an analysis based on the idea that business cycles
synchronization represents a direct effect of
globalization offers the possibility to better grasp the
nature and dynamics of these vast processesrdquo
State very clearly the purpose
bull The present study seeks to
address the following questions
Are there pieces of evidence
regarding the synchronization
of business cycles between
the G7 countries and if this
is proved to be true
Can these seven countries be
considered the promoters of
economic globalization
This paper aims to estimate the synchronization of business cycles
perceived as an effect of globalization on the basis of the relationship
that exists between the growth rate of the GDP and inflows and
outflows of foreign direct investments (FDI) considered as percentage
of the GDP
Tips for writing the
Conclusions
bull Conclusions = the summing-up of an
argument or text
bull From the verb to conclude = to bring or
come to an end to sum up
Suggested structure
I
bull General assessment of the topic
bull Link to the purpose of the paper
II
bull Short and concise remarks regarding the findings
III
bull Contributions of the study
IV
bull Limitations of the research
bull Future research directions
GENERAL ASSESSMENT OF THE TOPIC amp
LINK TO THE PURPOSE OF THE PAPER
ldquoBoth globalization and business cycles are elusive economical
phenomena hence they represents a continuous research puzzle
for the academic community and an inexhaustible source of
possible inquiriesrdquo
ldquoThe main purpose of the research was to assess the business
cycle synchronization patterns inside the G7 in order to better
grasp the transformations that hellipldquo
SHORT AND CONCISE REMARKS
REGARDING THE FINDINGS
ldquoThe study has showed that in general hellip One of the
more important findings that emerge from the research
is fact that hellipThe second major finding is that hellip thus it
highlights the cases of hellip previously discussed It can
also be said that helliprdquo
CONTRIBUTIONS OF THE STUDY
ldquoThe contribution of the research founded on the
existence of resides in the explanation of and
also the Another implication of the present paper is
that it highlights the importance rdquo
ldquoThe novelty of the study is the use the ltlt X gtgt method
in order to study the helliprdquo
LIMITATIONS amp FUTURE RESEARCH
DIRECTIONS
ldquoThe future directions of study
will aim to enlarge the sample
and employ if possible
additional variables and
quarterly datardquo
ldquoThe limitations of the research
derive from therdquo
bull sample size
bull variables employed
bull types of data (annual
quarterly etc)
bull methods
bull time span
Connection with the future study
direction
Abstract
bull Summarizes the research and the conclusions
bull Is your advertisment = rdquoSellsrdquo your work
bull 50-300 words (200 typical length) (Refer to
author guidelines)
bull Stand-alone (NO references)
bull Indicates usefulness
bull Targets the audience
Writing the abstract-Long version
Originalityvalue
Research limitationsimplications
Findings
Designmethodologyapproach
Purpose
bullBased on the Emerald Structured Abstract
Writing the abstract-Short version
The Findings
The Arguments
The Purpose
Fancy title
bull Academic Titles Have Three Parts
bull (A) A catchy hook that introduces the
paper in a creative way
bull (B) Specific keywords that identify the
concepts the scholar will be exploring
bull (C) The location where those keywords
will be explored
bull 8-15 words
bull Main themeresearch topic research
design + population + geographical area
Fancy title- Examples
bull Globalization versus Segregation-Business Cycles
Synchronization in Europe
bull Is trade a vector of business cycles synchronization A
Fuzzy Cluster Approach of Globalization
bull Leaders and Followers in the Business Cycle Game A
Case Study of the G7
bull Hard or fuzzy clusters in assessing business cycle
transmission
bull The reverse alchemy of the business cycle
References section
In-text citations
All the cited
works compose
the Reference
List
Types of in-text citation
bull Varies from
Journal to Journal
bull Always check the
Authorrsquos
Guidelines
bull MS Office offers
APA
Harvard
Chicago
IEEE (reference order)
ISO 690 (Numerical
reference)
Includes only the
works cited in the
paper
Contains papers
read not
necessary cited
What makes good writing
Having something
to say
Logical thinking
A few simple
learnable rules of
style
Writing- Tips and tricks
Read pay attention and imitate
Talk about your research before trying to write about it
Stop waiting for ldquoinspirationrdquo
Revise Nobody gets it perfect on the first try
Learn how to cut ruthlessly Never become too attached to your words
Drop the balast
bull 1 Cut unnecessary words and phrases
bull 2 Write with verbs use strong verbs
avoid turning verbs into nouns and donrsquot
bury the main verb
The BAD Writing Contest
bull The move from a structuralist account in which capital is
understood to structure social relations in relatively homologous
ways to a view of hegemony in which power relations are subject to
repetition convergence and rearticulation brought the question of
temporality into the thinking of structure and marked a shift from a
form of Althusserian theory that takes structural totalities as
theoretical objects to one in which the insights into the contingent
possibility of structure inaugurate a renewed conception of
hegemony as bound up with the contingent sites and strategies of
the rearticulation of power
bull Butlerrsquos Diacritics (1997)
Balast to drop-Examples
1 Dead weight words and
phrases
bull As it is well known
bull As it has been shown
bull It can be regarded that
bull It should be emphasized
that
2 Empty words and
phrases
bull methodologic
bull important
3 Long words or phrases
that could be short
4 Unnecessary jargon
and acronyms
5 Repetitive words or
phrases
6 Adverbs
bull very really quite
basically generally etc
Substitute damn every time
youre inclined to write very
your editor will delete it and the
writing will be just as it should
be(Mark Twain)
Active vs Passive voice
Passive voice (Was done)
bull For previous studies
bull Literature reviewActive voice (I We did)
bull For new exciting own results
bull Original research
Verbs make the World go round
Donrsquot turn verbs into
nouns
Donrsquot bury the
main verb
Writing Environment
bull MS Word
bull Developed for average
users
bull WYSIWYG
bull Auto references
bull Thesaurus
bull LaTeX
bull Developed for
profesionals
bull Requires learning the
syntax
bull Latex makes difficult
things easy and easy
things very difficult
bull Prefered by publishers
LaTeX
Tables and figures
Tables
bull Most journals use three
horizontal lines one
above the column
headings one below the
column headings and
one below the data
bull Follow journal guidelines
bull DO NOT copy-paste
result tables directly from
software
Figures
bull Visual impact
bull Show trends and patterns
bull Tell a quick story
bull Tell the whole story
bull Highlight a particular
result
bull Always provide caption
bull Use high resolution (1000
dpi BampW 300 dpi color)
Tables-Examples
Figures- Examples
Final draft check-list
bull Check for consistency
bull Check for numerical consistencybull Do the numbers in your abstract match the numbers in your
tablesfigurestext
bull Do the numbers in the text match those in the tablesfigures
bull Do the numbers in each tablefigure match those in other tablesfigures
bull Check your references style
bull Check your overall style
Submission information
bull Authorship
This can be a point of contention when
writing in groups so establish
expectations for roles and responsibilities
early in the writing process
bull Permissions and Approvals
bull permissions for reprinting copyrighted
material
bull Ethical Considerations
Plagiarism amp Self- plagiarism
bull Passing off other
peoplersquos writing (or
tables and figures) as
your own
bull cutting and pasting
sentences or even
phrases from another
source
bull slightly rewriting or re-
arranging othersrsquo
words
Recycling your own
writing or data
bull Copying or only
slightly rewriting text
from your own
published papers
bull Adding new data to
already published
data and presenting it
as new results
Submitting identical or overlapping data to multiple journals
Submission checklist
bull Keywords
bull JEL Codes
bull All figure captions
bull All tables (including title description)
bull Manuscript has been spell-checked and grammar-
checked
bull References are in the correct format for this journal
bull All references mentioned in the Reference list are cited
in the text and vice versa
bull Permission has been obtained for use of copyrighted
material from other sources (including the Web)
Cover letter
Put the puzzle together
LOGO
Thank You
Bibliography
bull Jaba E (2002) Statistica Editura Economică București
bull Day A amp Peters A D (1996) How to get research published in journals Aldershot
Gower
bull Academic Writing and Research Skills Workshop Mancester University
bull APA Research Style Crib Sheet by Professor Russ Dewey amp Dr Abel Scribe PhD -
Fall 2007
bull Writing Articles for Peer-Review Publications A Quick Reference Guide
bull Chin B (2004) How to write a great research paper John Wiley amp Sons
bull Pieter M Kroonenberg (2007)How to write an article Leiden University
bull Daniel P J Soule Lucy Whiteley and Shona McIntosh Writing for Scholarly
Journals eSharp
bull Stephen E Dew (2013)The 5 Step Essay Writing Process
bull Kristin Sainani Writing in the Sciences Stanford University
bull httpwebupaczasitefilesfile40753writing_an_academic_journal_articlepdf
bull Sebastian-Florian Enea Silvia Palașcă Claudiu Țigănaș (2013) G7 COUNTRIES ndash
ADVOCATES OF THE GLOBAL BUSINESS CYCLE GEBA 2013 Iași
bull Enea Sebastian (2013) EVALUATING GLOBALIZATION BY MEANS OF FUZZY
CLUSTER ANALYSIS IE Bucharest
bull Oxford Dictionary httpwwwoxforddictionariescom
Wrapping up
Lit Review
Articles
Table withideas
Database
Raw data
Data sources
Results
Numbers
Tables
Graphs (high quality)
Templates
from selected journals
Article folder
Selecting a journal
bull Check that your article would fit with
the Aims amp Scope of the journal
bull Check whether the journal is by invitation
only ndash some journals only publish invited
articles
bull Check that the publication options of the
journal meet your needs (ISI BDI)
bull SUBMIT ONLY TO ONE JOURNAL
AT A TIME
Selecting a journal
bull Check the Guide for Authors-types of
articles published acceptable language
and article length
bull Read the abstracts of recent publications
to find current hot topics
bull Articles in your References section may
also lead to the right journal
bull Use automated abstract matching tools
(only if you have already an abstract)
Selecting a journal- International
Review Speed
The average number of weeks it takes for an
article to pass through the review process for this
journal We have selected two key points
1 From manuscript submission to the initial
decision on the article
2 From manuscript submission to the final
decision to accept
Impact factor
It is a measure of the number
of times an average paper in a
particular journal is cited
during the preceding two
years
ISI Journals larr HOT LINK
Selecting a journal- Romania
bull Romanian ISI Jornals-
Economicsbull AMFITEATRU ECONOMIC
bull ECONOMIC COMPUTATION
AND ECONOMIC
CYBERNETICS STUDIES AND
RESEARCH
bull REVISTA DE CERCETARE SI
INTERVENTIE SOCIALA
bull ROMANIAN JOURNAL OF
ECONOMIC FORECASTING
bull TRANSYLVANIAN REVIEW OF
ADMINISTRATIVE SCIENCES
bull Romanian BDI (B+)
Journals
REBS
CES Working Papers
ECTAP
Add your text in here
Add your text in here
Article structure
Title
Abstract
Introduction
Methodology
Results
Conclusions
Hot Tip
New article structure
Literaturereview
Methods
Results
Introduction
Conclusions
Abstract
Fancy title
Referencelist
Literature review
2 Reasons
Not re-inventing the
wheel
Position yourcurrent
research
Structure of LR
Introduction
bull Generalization
bull Widely known information
bull OR
bull State controversy
Main body
bull Presentpreviousworks
bull Choose an order
bull Use linkages
Endingremarks
bull Summarisethe mainfindings
bull Position yourpaper
Examples
bull In the last two or three decades the emphasis put on the
process of economic globalization has shifted the
analysisrsquo focus towards an international level
bull The international literature focused mainly on analyzing
the GDP as an absolute variable or as a growth rate
(Krolzig 2003) (Li amp Liu 2004) and its connections with
hellip proposed by Frankel and Rose (1998) further
developed by Imbs (2004)
bull As a general remark the IL considers that the complex
process of economic globalization should bring a higher
degree of business cycles synchronization
Good vs Bad
bull Remember the
purpose
bull Read about purpose
bull Write within the
purpose
bull Try to read everything
bull Read but not write
bull Not keeping
bibliographic
information
bull Try to include almost
everything
bull Give to many details
A PHRASE IN NEED
A FRIEND INDEED
httpwwwphrasebankmanche
steracuksourceshtm
Google search - phrasebank
GENERAL RULE
Methodology and or methods
Methodology
bull The study of a
single or multiple
methods
Methods
bull Ways instruments
procedures
employed to
complete the
research objectives
Empirical approach
1bull Population Sample
2
bull Data
bull Variables
3bull Methods
Population and Sample
bull ldquoThe research
population is
represented by all
the European
states rdquo
bull ldquo out of which we
have selected a
number of 24
European Union
members and 6
neighbouring
countries of the EUrdquo
Very very important
Mention if you have excluded
a number of entities from the
sample and motivate why
bull ldquoSome entities were deliberately excluded
from this analysis either on lack of relevant
data or a very different economical situation
leading to outliersrdquo
Data and variables
Source
Description
of data
Mention the
calculus method
Data Variables
Data and datum
Datum = noun singular form
Data = noun plural form
DATAS - Pieces of Data
Do not try to
dribble the
English grammar
Methods section
bull Explain how you have studied the research hypotheses
issues problems etc
bull Identify and structure logically the procedures employed
New method
bull Give precise and correct details
Previously published method
bull Name and cite it
Mathematical method
bull Include the formula
Results amp Discussions
bull Present results in a clear logical
sequence
bull Link findings to the aim of the article
bull WHATrsquoS NEW
bull Discuss findings by reffering to existing
literature
bull Possible implications
bull Also report uncertainties
bull DO NOT SPECULATE JUST REPORT
Results amp Discussions
bull Use tables and figures to support your arguments
bull Provide captions and legends for all your figures and tables
bull Use measure units where appropriate
bull NEVER USE RAW DATA
bull Be parsimonious about tables and figures
bull Never duplicate (same information both in table and in figure)
Results- Statistical issues
1 Descriptive analysis of the variables and
checking assumptions- to check for correctness of the data
- to acquire a feel for the raw data so that you recognize unusual
outcomes in your results
- to check whether the assumptions of the main analysis technique
have been fulfilled to a reasonable level
- to detect and explain of missing data or subjects with unusual
data
Dependent variables Independent
variables
Reporting statistics
bull MeanStandard
Deviation and
percentages are most
clearly presented in
parenthesesldquoThe sample as a whole was
relatively young (M = 1922 SD =
345)rdquo ƒ
bull Never report the
significance level as
p =0000 correct is
p lt0001
bull Chi-square -degrees
of freedom and
sample size in
parentheses followed
by chi-square statistic
(round to two decimal
places) and the
significance level
bull ldquoThe proportion of older male
teachers was 086 whereas the
proportion of younger male
teachers was 052 This difference
is significant (2 N = 167) =
2201 p lt 01rdquo
2
Reporting statistics
bull Correlations are
reported with their
degrees of freedom
(N-2) in parentheses
together with the
significance level in
this way
bull ldquoThe two variables were strongly
correlated r(55) =49 p lt01rdquo
bull ƒ t Tests are reported
with the degrees of
freedom in
parentheses followed
by the t statistic
(rounded to two
decimal places) and
the significance level
bull ldquoThere was a significant effect for
gender t(54) = 543 p lt001 with
men receiving higher scores than
womenrdquo
Reporting statistics
bull Regression results are often best
presented in a table
bull Include the standardized slope (beta)
along with the t-test and the corresponding
significance level
bull ldquoSocial support significantly predicted depression scores beta= -34 t(225)
= 653 p lt01 Social support also explained a significant proportion of
variance in depression scores R2 =12 F(1 225) = 4264 p lt01 rdquo
Tables and figures
Tables
bull Remove grid lines
bull Make sure everything
lines up
bull Keep a reasonable
number of significant
figures
bull Leave out
unnecessary info
Figures
bull Line Graphs-Used to
show trends over
time age
bull Bar Graphs- Used to
compare groups at
one time point
bull Scatter Plots- Used to
show relationships
between two
variables
Tables and figures- Example
Tables and figures
Do-s
bull Labeling
bull Numbering
bull Positioning
bull In-text referencing
bull Larger tables and
figuresmdashplace large
tables or figures in the
appendices
Donrsquot-s
bull Dont restructure data
from an information
source into another
format
bull Dont give extensive
descriptions in your
writing of the contents
of a table or diagram
The information in a
table or diagram tells
its own story
Insights regarding the
Introduction
Comunicates thereseach area
The authorrsquos position
Create the RESEARCH
SPACE
Short structure
bull Establish a territory ndash identify the research topic1
bull Identify a niche ndash issues gaps dilemmas that demand attention
2
bull State what your paper is going to address3
Suggested structure
Ibull Generalization about the topic
II
bull Short insights regarding the topic and or concepts (definitions debates academic conflicts)
IIIbull Find the research issue or gap
IV bull State very clearly the purpose
Vbull Structure of the article
GENERALIZATION ABOUT THE
TOPIC
ldquoConsidered to be one of the most important
contemporary phenomena by the national and
international literature globalization represents
a key research issue within in the academic
fieldrdquo
SHORT INSIGHTS REGARDING THE
TOPIC AND OR CONCEPTS
ldquoUsed as a term for the first time in 1983 in order to
(citation) globalization can be perceived as rdquo
The literature on business cycles acknowledges two
types of cycles the ldquoclassicalrdquo cycle as defined by hellip
(citation) and the one based on deviations or growths
where the underlying idea is that hellip (citation) ldquo
FIND THE RESEARCH ISSUE OR
GAP
ldquoThe main challenge that globalization puts forward
is that of finding alternative methods that can evaluate
its impact on the international economy
an analysis based on the idea that business cycles
synchronization represents a direct effect of
globalization offers the possibility to better grasp the
nature and dynamics of these vast processesrdquo
State very clearly the purpose
bull The present study seeks to
address the following questions
Are there pieces of evidence
regarding the synchronization
of business cycles between
the G7 countries and if this
is proved to be true
Can these seven countries be
considered the promoters of
economic globalization
This paper aims to estimate the synchronization of business cycles
perceived as an effect of globalization on the basis of the relationship
that exists between the growth rate of the GDP and inflows and
outflows of foreign direct investments (FDI) considered as percentage
of the GDP
Tips for writing the
Conclusions
bull Conclusions = the summing-up of an
argument or text
bull From the verb to conclude = to bring or
come to an end to sum up
Suggested structure
I
bull General assessment of the topic
bull Link to the purpose of the paper
II
bull Short and concise remarks regarding the findings
III
bull Contributions of the study
IV
bull Limitations of the research
bull Future research directions
GENERAL ASSESSMENT OF THE TOPIC amp
LINK TO THE PURPOSE OF THE PAPER
ldquoBoth globalization and business cycles are elusive economical
phenomena hence they represents a continuous research puzzle
for the academic community and an inexhaustible source of
possible inquiriesrdquo
ldquoThe main purpose of the research was to assess the business
cycle synchronization patterns inside the G7 in order to better
grasp the transformations that hellipldquo
SHORT AND CONCISE REMARKS
REGARDING THE FINDINGS
ldquoThe study has showed that in general hellip One of the
more important findings that emerge from the research
is fact that hellipThe second major finding is that hellip thus it
highlights the cases of hellip previously discussed It can
also be said that helliprdquo
CONTRIBUTIONS OF THE STUDY
ldquoThe contribution of the research founded on the
existence of resides in the explanation of and
also the Another implication of the present paper is
that it highlights the importance rdquo
ldquoThe novelty of the study is the use the ltlt X gtgt method
in order to study the helliprdquo
LIMITATIONS amp FUTURE RESEARCH
DIRECTIONS
ldquoThe future directions of study
will aim to enlarge the sample
and employ if possible
additional variables and
quarterly datardquo
ldquoThe limitations of the research
derive from therdquo
bull sample size
bull variables employed
bull types of data (annual
quarterly etc)
bull methods
bull time span
Connection with the future study
direction
Abstract
bull Summarizes the research and the conclusions
bull Is your advertisment = rdquoSellsrdquo your work
bull 50-300 words (200 typical length) (Refer to
author guidelines)
bull Stand-alone (NO references)
bull Indicates usefulness
bull Targets the audience
Writing the abstract-Long version
Originalityvalue
Research limitationsimplications
Findings
Designmethodologyapproach
Purpose
bullBased on the Emerald Structured Abstract
Writing the abstract-Short version
The Findings
The Arguments
The Purpose
Fancy title
bull Academic Titles Have Three Parts
bull (A) A catchy hook that introduces the
paper in a creative way
bull (B) Specific keywords that identify the
concepts the scholar will be exploring
bull (C) The location where those keywords
will be explored
bull 8-15 words
bull Main themeresearch topic research
design + population + geographical area
Fancy title- Examples
bull Globalization versus Segregation-Business Cycles
Synchronization in Europe
bull Is trade a vector of business cycles synchronization A
Fuzzy Cluster Approach of Globalization
bull Leaders and Followers in the Business Cycle Game A
Case Study of the G7
bull Hard or fuzzy clusters in assessing business cycle
transmission
bull The reverse alchemy of the business cycle
References section
In-text citations
All the cited
works compose
the Reference
List
Types of in-text citation
bull Varies from
Journal to Journal
bull Always check the
Authorrsquos
Guidelines
bull MS Office offers
APA
Harvard
Chicago
IEEE (reference order)
ISO 690 (Numerical
reference)
Includes only the
works cited in the
paper
Contains papers
read not
necessary cited
What makes good writing
Having something
to say
Logical thinking
A few simple
learnable rules of
style
Writing- Tips and tricks
Read pay attention and imitate
Talk about your research before trying to write about it
Stop waiting for ldquoinspirationrdquo
Revise Nobody gets it perfect on the first try
Learn how to cut ruthlessly Never become too attached to your words
Drop the balast
bull 1 Cut unnecessary words and phrases
bull 2 Write with verbs use strong verbs
avoid turning verbs into nouns and donrsquot
bury the main verb
The BAD Writing Contest
bull The move from a structuralist account in which capital is
understood to structure social relations in relatively homologous
ways to a view of hegemony in which power relations are subject to
repetition convergence and rearticulation brought the question of
temporality into the thinking of structure and marked a shift from a
form of Althusserian theory that takes structural totalities as
theoretical objects to one in which the insights into the contingent
possibility of structure inaugurate a renewed conception of
hegemony as bound up with the contingent sites and strategies of
the rearticulation of power
bull Butlerrsquos Diacritics (1997)
Balast to drop-Examples
1 Dead weight words and
phrases
bull As it is well known
bull As it has been shown
bull It can be regarded that
bull It should be emphasized
that
2 Empty words and
phrases
bull methodologic
bull important
3 Long words or phrases
that could be short
4 Unnecessary jargon
and acronyms
5 Repetitive words or
phrases
6 Adverbs
bull very really quite
basically generally etc
Substitute damn every time
youre inclined to write very
your editor will delete it and the
writing will be just as it should
be(Mark Twain)
Active vs Passive voice
Passive voice (Was done)
bull For previous studies
bull Literature reviewActive voice (I We did)
bull For new exciting own results
bull Original research
Verbs make the World go round
Donrsquot turn verbs into
nouns
Donrsquot bury the
main verb
Writing Environment
bull MS Word
bull Developed for average
users
bull WYSIWYG
bull Auto references
bull Thesaurus
bull LaTeX
bull Developed for
profesionals
bull Requires learning the
syntax
bull Latex makes difficult
things easy and easy
things very difficult
bull Prefered by publishers
LaTeX
Tables and figures
Tables
bull Most journals use three
horizontal lines one
above the column
headings one below the
column headings and
one below the data
bull Follow journal guidelines
bull DO NOT copy-paste
result tables directly from
software
Figures
bull Visual impact
bull Show trends and patterns
bull Tell a quick story
bull Tell the whole story
bull Highlight a particular
result
bull Always provide caption
bull Use high resolution (1000
dpi BampW 300 dpi color)
Tables-Examples
Figures- Examples
Final draft check-list
bull Check for consistency
bull Check for numerical consistencybull Do the numbers in your abstract match the numbers in your
tablesfigurestext
bull Do the numbers in the text match those in the tablesfigures
bull Do the numbers in each tablefigure match those in other tablesfigures
bull Check your references style
bull Check your overall style
Submission information
bull Authorship
This can be a point of contention when
writing in groups so establish
expectations for roles and responsibilities
early in the writing process
bull Permissions and Approvals
bull permissions for reprinting copyrighted
material
bull Ethical Considerations
Plagiarism amp Self- plagiarism
bull Passing off other
peoplersquos writing (or
tables and figures) as
your own
bull cutting and pasting
sentences or even
phrases from another
source
bull slightly rewriting or re-
arranging othersrsquo
words
Recycling your own
writing or data
bull Copying or only
slightly rewriting text
from your own
published papers
bull Adding new data to
already published
data and presenting it
as new results
Submitting identical or overlapping data to multiple journals
Submission checklist
bull Keywords
bull JEL Codes
bull All figure captions
bull All tables (including title description)
bull Manuscript has been spell-checked and grammar-
checked
bull References are in the correct format for this journal
bull All references mentioned in the Reference list are cited
in the text and vice versa
bull Permission has been obtained for use of copyrighted
material from other sources (including the Web)
Cover letter
Put the puzzle together
LOGO
Thank You
Bibliography
bull Jaba E (2002) Statistica Editura Economică București
bull Day A amp Peters A D (1996) How to get research published in journals Aldershot
Gower
bull Academic Writing and Research Skills Workshop Mancester University
bull APA Research Style Crib Sheet by Professor Russ Dewey amp Dr Abel Scribe PhD -
Fall 2007
bull Writing Articles for Peer-Review Publications A Quick Reference Guide
bull Chin B (2004) How to write a great research paper John Wiley amp Sons
bull Pieter M Kroonenberg (2007)How to write an article Leiden University
bull Daniel P J Soule Lucy Whiteley and Shona McIntosh Writing for Scholarly
Journals eSharp
bull Stephen E Dew (2013)The 5 Step Essay Writing Process
bull Kristin Sainani Writing in the Sciences Stanford University
bull httpwebupaczasitefilesfile40753writing_an_academic_journal_articlepdf
bull Sebastian-Florian Enea Silvia Palașcă Claudiu Țigănaș (2013) G7 COUNTRIES ndash
ADVOCATES OF THE GLOBAL BUSINESS CYCLE GEBA 2013 Iași
bull Enea Sebastian (2013) EVALUATING GLOBALIZATION BY MEANS OF FUZZY
CLUSTER ANALYSIS IE Bucharest
bull Oxford Dictionary httpwwwoxforddictionariescom
Selecting a journal
bull Check that your article would fit with
the Aims amp Scope of the journal
bull Check whether the journal is by invitation
only ndash some journals only publish invited
articles
bull Check that the publication options of the
journal meet your needs (ISI BDI)
bull SUBMIT ONLY TO ONE JOURNAL
AT A TIME
Selecting a journal
bull Check the Guide for Authors-types of
articles published acceptable language
and article length
bull Read the abstracts of recent publications
to find current hot topics
bull Articles in your References section may
also lead to the right journal
bull Use automated abstract matching tools
(only if you have already an abstract)
Selecting a journal- International
Review Speed
The average number of weeks it takes for an
article to pass through the review process for this
journal We have selected two key points
1 From manuscript submission to the initial
decision on the article
2 From manuscript submission to the final
decision to accept
Impact factor
It is a measure of the number
of times an average paper in a
particular journal is cited
during the preceding two
years
ISI Journals larr HOT LINK
Selecting a journal- Romania
bull Romanian ISI Jornals-
Economicsbull AMFITEATRU ECONOMIC
bull ECONOMIC COMPUTATION
AND ECONOMIC
CYBERNETICS STUDIES AND
RESEARCH
bull REVISTA DE CERCETARE SI
INTERVENTIE SOCIALA
bull ROMANIAN JOURNAL OF
ECONOMIC FORECASTING
bull TRANSYLVANIAN REVIEW OF
ADMINISTRATIVE SCIENCES
bull Romanian BDI (B+)
Journals
REBS
CES Working Papers
ECTAP
Add your text in here
Add your text in here
Article structure
Title
Abstract
Introduction
Methodology
Results
Conclusions
Hot Tip
New article structure
Literaturereview
Methods
Results
Introduction
Conclusions
Abstract
Fancy title
Referencelist
Literature review
2 Reasons
Not re-inventing the
wheel
Position yourcurrent
research
Structure of LR
Introduction
bull Generalization
bull Widely known information
bull OR
bull State controversy
Main body
bull Presentpreviousworks
bull Choose an order
bull Use linkages
Endingremarks
bull Summarisethe mainfindings
bull Position yourpaper
Examples
bull In the last two or three decades the emphasis put on the
process of economic globalization has shifted the
analysisrsquo focus towards an international level
bull The international literature focused mainly on analyzing
the GDP as an absolute variable or as a growth rate
(Krolzig 2003) (Li amp Liu 2004) and its connections with
hellip proposed by Frankel and Rose (1998) further
developed by Imbs (2004)
bull As a general remark the IL considers that the complex
process of economic globalization should bring a higher
degree of business cycles synchronization
Good vs Bad
bull Remember the
purpose
bull Read about purpose
bull Write within the
purpose
bull Try to read everything
bull Read but not write
bull Not keeping
bibliographic
information
bull Try to include almost
everything
bull Give to many details
A PHRASE IN NEED
A FRIEND INDEED
httpwwwphrasebankmanche
steracuksourceshtm
Google search - phrasebank
GENERAL RULE
Methodology and or methods
Methodology
bull The study of a
single or multiple
methods
Methods
bull Ways instruments
procedures
employed to
complete the
research objectives
Empirical approach
1bull Population Sample
2
bull Data
bull Variables
3bull Methods
Population and Sample
bull ldquoThe research
population is
represented by all
the European
states rdquo
bull ldquo out of which we
have selected a
number of 24
European Union
members and 6
neighbouring
countries of the EUrdquo
Very very important
Mention if you have excluded
a number of entities from the
sample and motivate why
bull ldquoSome entities were deliberately excluded
from this analysis either on lack of relevant
data or a very different economical situation
leading to outliersrdquo
Data and variables
Source
Description
of data
Mention the
calculus method
Data Variables
Data and datum
Datum = noun singular form
Data = noun plural form
DATAS - Pieces of Data
Do not try to
dribble the
English grammar
Methods section
bull Explain how you have studied the research hypotheses
issues problems etc
bull Identify and structure logically the procedures employed
New method
bull Give precise and correct details
Previously published method
bull Name and cite it
Mathematical method
bull Include the formula
Results amp Discussions
bull Present results in a clear logical
sequence
bull Link findings to the aim of the article
bull WHATrsquoS NEW
bull Discuss findings by reffering to existing
literature
bull Possible implications
bull Also report uncertainties
bull DO NOT SPECULATE JUST REPORT
Results amp Discussions
bull Use tables and figures to support your arguments
bull Provide captions and legends for all your figures and tables
bull Use measure units where appropriate
bull NEVER USE RAW DATA
bull Be parsimonious about tables and figures
bull Never duplicate (same information both in table and in figure)
Results- Statistical issues
1 Descriptive analysis of the variables and
checking assumptions- to check for correctness of the data
- to acquire a feel for the raw data so that you recognize unusual
outcomes in your results
- to check whether the assumptions of the main analysis technique
have been fulfilled to a reasonable level
- to detect and explain of missing data or subjects with unusual
data
Dependent variables Independent
variables
Reporting statistics
bull MeanStandard
Deviation and
percentages are most
clearly presented in
parenthesesldquoThe sample as a whole was
relatively young (M = 1922 SD =
345)rdquo ƒ
bull Never report the
significance level as
p =0000 correct is
p lt0001
bull Chi-square -degrees
of freedom and
sample size in
parentheses followed
by chi-square statistic
(round to two decimal
places) and the
significance level
bull ldquoThe proportion of older male
teachers was 086 whereas the
proportion of younger male
teachers was 052 This difference
is significant (2 N = 167) =
2201 p lt 01rdquo
2
Reporting statistics
bull Correlations are
reported with their
degrees of freedom
(N-2) in parentheses
together with the
significance level in
this way
bull ldquoThe two variables were strongly
correlated r(55) =49 p lt01rdquo
bull ƒ t Tests are reported
with the degrees of
freedom in
parentheses followed
by the t statistic
(rounded to two
decimal places) and
the significance level
bull ldquoThere was a significant effect for
gender t(54) = 543 p lt001 with
men receiving higher scores than
womenrdquo
Reporting statistics
bull Regression results are often best
presented in a table
bull Include the standardized slope (beta)
along with the t-test and the corresponding
significance level
bull ldquoSocial support significantly predicted depression scores beta= -34 t(225)
= 653 p lt01 Social support also explained a significant proportion of
variance in depression scores R2 =12 F(1 225) = 4264 p lt01 rdquo
Tables and figures
Tables
bull Remove grid lines
bull Make sure everything
lines up
bull Keep a reasonable
number of significant
figures
bull Leave out
unnecessary info
Figures
bull Line Graphs-Used to
show trends over
time age
bull Bar Graphs- Used to
compare groups at
one time point
bull Scatter Plots- Used to
show relationships
between two
variables
Tables and figures- Example
Tables and figures
Do-s
bull Labeling
bull Numbering
bull Positioning
bull In-text referencing
bull Larger tables and
figuresmdashplace large
tables or figures in the
appendices
Donrsquot-s
bull Dont restructure data
from an information
source into another
format
bull Dont give extensive
descriptions in your
writing of the contents
of a table or diagram
The information in a
table or diagram tells
its own story
Insights regarding the
Introduction
Comunicates thereseach area
The authorrsquos position
Create the RESEARCH
SPACE
Short structure
bull Establish a territory ndash identify the research topic1
bull Identify a niche ndash issues gaps dilemmas that demand attention
2
bull State what your paper is going to address3
Suggested structure
Ibull Generalization about the topic
II
bull Short insights regarding the topic and or concepts (definitions debates academic conflicts)
IIIbull Find the research issue or gap
IV bull State very clearly the purpose
Vbull Structure of the article
GENERALIZATION ABOUT THE
TOPIC
ldquoConsidered to be one of the most important
contemporary phenomena by the national and
international literature globalization represents
a key research issue within in the academic
fieldrdquo
SHORT INSIGHTS REGARDING THE
TOPIC AND OR CONCEPTS
ldquoUsed as a term for the first time in 1983 in order to
(citation) globalization can be perceived as rdquo
The literature on business cycles acknowledges two
types of cycles the ldquoclassicalrdquo cycle as defined by hellip
(citation) and the one based on deviations or growths
where the underlying idea is that hellip (citation) ldquo
FIND THE RESEARCH ISSUE OR
GAP
ldquoThe main challenge that globalization puts forward
is that of finding alternative methods that can evaluate
its impact on the international economy
an analysis based on the idea that business cycles
synchronization represents a direct effect of
globalization offers the possibility to better grasp the
nature and dynamics of these vast processesrdquo
State very clearly the purpose
bull The present study seeks to
address the following questions
Are there pieces of evidence
regarding the synchronization
of business cycles between
the G7 countries and if this
is proved to be true
Can these seven countries be
considered the promoters of
economic globalization
This paper aims to estimate the synchronization of business cycles
perceived as an effect of globalization on the basis of the relationship
that exists between the growth rate of the GDP and inflows and
outflows of foreign direct investments (FDI) considered as percentage
of the GDP
Tips for writing the
Conclusions
bull Conclusions = the summing-up of an
argument or text
bull From the verb to conclude = to bring or
come to an end to sum up
Suggested structure
I
bull General assessment of the topic
bull Link to the purpose of the paper
II
bull Short and concise remarks regarding the findings
III
bull Contributions of the study
IV
bull Limitations of the research
bull Future research directions
GENERAL ASSESSMENT OF THE TOPIC amp
LINK TO THE PURPOSE OF THE PAPER
ldquoBoth globalization and business cycles are elusive economical
phenomena hence they represents a continuous research puzzle
for the academic community and an inexhaustible source of
possible inquiriesrdquo
ldquoThe main purpose of the research was to assess the business
cycle synchronization patterns inside the G7 in order to better
grasp the transformations that hellipldquo
SHORT AND CONCISE REMARKS
REGARDING THE FINDINGS
ldquoThe study has showed that in general hellip One of the
more important findings that emerge from the research
is fact that hellipThe second major finding is that hellip thus it
highlights the cases of hellip previously discussed It can
also be said that helliprdquo
CONTRIBUTIONS OF THE STUDY
ldquoThe contribution of the research founded on the
existence of resides in the explanation of and
also the Another implication of the present paper is
that it highlights the importance rdquo
ldquoThe novelty of the study is the use the ltlt X gtgt method
in order to study the helliprdquo
LIMITATIONS amp FUTURE RESEARCH
DIRECTIONS
ldquoThe future directions of study
will aim to enlarge the sample
and employ if possible
additional variables and
quarterly datardquo
ldquoThe limitations of the research
derive from therdquo
bull sample size
bull variables employed
bull types of data (annual
quarterly etc)
bull methods
bull time span
Connection with the future study
direction
Abstract
bull Summarizes the research and the conclusions
bull Is your advertisment = rdquoSellsrdquo your work
bull 50-300 words (200 typical length) (Refer to
author guidelines)
bull Stand-alone (NO references)
bull Indicates usefulness
bull Targets the audience
Writing the abstract-Long version
Originalityvalue
Research limitationsimplications
Findings
Designmethodologyapproach
Purpose
bullBased on the Emerald Structured Abstract
Writing the abstract-Short version
The Findings
The Arguments
The Purpose
Fancy title
bull Academic Titles Have Three Parts
bull (A) A catchy hook that introduces the
paper in a creative way
bull (B) Specific keywords that identify the
concepts the scholar will be exploring
bull (C) The location where those keywords
will be explored
bull 8-15 words
bull Main themeresearch topic research
design + population + geographical area
Fancy title- Examples
bull Globalization versus Segregation-Business Cycles
Synchronization in Europe
bull Is trade a vector of business cycles synchronization A
Fuzzy Cluster Approach of Globalization
bull Leaders and Followers in the Business Cycle Game A
Case Study of the G7
bull Hard or fuzzy clusters in assessing business cycle
transmission
bull The reverse alchemy of the business cycle
References section
In-text citations
All the cited
works compose
the Reference
List
Types of in-text citation
bull Varies from
Journal to Journal
bull Always check the
Authorrsquos
Guidelines
bull MS Office offers
APA
Harvard
Chicago
IEEE (reference order)
ISO 690 (Numerical
reference)
Includes only the
works cited in the
paper
Contains papers
read not
necessary cited
What makes good writing
Having something
to say
Logical thinking
A few simple
learnable rules of
style
Writing- Tips and tricks
Read pay attention and imitate
Talk about your research before trying to write about it
Stop waiting for ldquoinspirationrdquo
Revise Nobody gets it perfect on the first try
Learn how to cut ruthlessly Never become too attached to your words
Drop the balast
bull 1 Cut unnecessary words and phrases
bull 2 Write with verbs use strong verbs
avoid turning verbs into nouns and donrsquot
bury the main verb
The BAD Writing Contest
bull The move from a structuralist account in which capital is
understood to structure social relations in relatively homologous
ways to a view of hegemony in which power relations are subject to
repetition convergence and rearticulation brought the question of
temporality into the thinking of structure and marked a shift from a
form of Althusserian theory that takes structural totalities as
theoretical objects to one in which the insights into the contingent
possibility of structure inaugurate a renewed conception of
hegemony as bound up with the contingent sites and strategies of
the rearticulation of power
bull Butlerrsquos Diacritics (1997)
Balast to drop-Examples
1 Dead weight words and
phrases
bull As it is well known
bull As it has been shown
bull It can be regarded that
bull It should be emphasized
that
2 Empty words and
phrases
bull methodologic
bull important
3 Long words or phrases
that could be short
4 Unnecessary jargon
and acronyms
5 Repetitive words or
phrases
6 Adverbs
bull very really quite
basically generally etc
Substitute damn every time
youre inclined to write very
your editor will delete it and the
writing will be just as it should
be(Mark Twain)
Active vs Passive voice
Passive voice (Was done)
bull For previous studies
bull Literature reviewActive voice (I We did)
bull For new exciting own results
bull Original research
Verbs make the World go round
Donrsquot turn verbs into
nouns
Donrsquot bury the
main verb
Writing Environment
bull MS Word
bull Developed for average
users
bull WYSIWYG
bull Auto references
bull Thesaurus
bull LaTeX
bull Developed for
profesionals
bull Requires learning the
syntax
bull Latex makes difficult
things easy and easy
things very difficult
bull Prefered by publishers
LaTeX
Tables and figures
Tables
bull Most journals use three
horizontal lines one
above the column
headings one below the
column headings and
one below the data
bull Follow journal guidelines
bull DO NOT copy-paste
result tables directly from
software
Figures
bull Visual impact
bull Show trends and patterns
bull Tell a quick story
bull Tell the whole story
bull Highlight a particular
result
bull Always provide caption
bull Use high resolution (1000
dpi BampW 300 dpi color)
Tables-Examples
Figures- Examples
Final draft check-list
bull Check for consistency
bull Check for numerical consistencybull Do the numbers in your abstract match the numbers in your
tablesfigurestext
bull Do the numbers in the text match those in the tablesfigures
bull Do the numbers in each tablefigure match those in other tablesfigures
bull Check your references style
bull Check your overall style
Submission information
bull Authorship
This can be a point of contention when
writing in groups so establish
expectations for roles and responsibilities
early in the writing process
bull Permissions and Approvals
bull permissions for reprinting copyrighted
material
bull Ethical Considerations
Plagiarism amp Self- plagiarism
bull Passing off other
peoplersquos writing (or
tables and figures) as
your own
bull cutting and pasting
sentences or even
phrases from another
source
bull slightly rewriting or re-
arranging othersrsquo
words
Recycling your own
writing or data
bull Copying or only
slightly rewriting text
from your own
published papers
bull Adding new data to
already published
data and presenting it
as new results
Submitting identical or overlapping data to multiple journals
Submission checklist
bull Keywords
bull JEL Codes
bull All figure captions
bull All tables (including title description)
bull Manuscript has been spell-checked and grammar-
checked
bull References are in the correct format for this journal
bull All references mentioned in the Reference list are cited
in the text and vice versa
bull Permission has been obtained for use of copyrighted
material from other sources (including the Web)
Cover letter
Put the puzzle together
LOGO
Thank You
Bibliography
bull Jaba E (2002) Statistica Editura Economică București
bull Day A amp Peters A D (1996) How to get research published in journals Aldershot
Gower
bull Academic Writing and Research Skills Workshop Mancester University
bull APA Research Style Crib Sheet by Professor Russ Dewey amp Dr Abel Scribe PhD -
Fall 2007
bull Writing Articles for Peer-Review Publications A Quick Reference Guide
bull Chin B (2004) How to write a great research paper John Wiley amp Sons
bull Pieter M Kroonenberg (2007)How to write an article Leiden University
bull Daniel P J Soule Lucy Whiteley and Shona McIntosh Writing for Scholarly
Journals eSharp
bull Stephen E Dew (2013)The 5 Step Essay Writing Process
bull Kristin Sainani Writing in the Sciences Stanford University
bull httpwebupaczasitefilesfile40753writing_an_academic_journal_articlepdf
bull Sebastian-Florian Enea Silvia Palașcă Claudiu Țigănaș (2013) G7 COUNTRIES ndash
ADVOCATES OF THE GLOBAL BUSINESS CYCLE GEBA 2013 Iași
bull Enea Sebastian (2013) EVALUATING GLOBALIZATION BY MEANS OF FUZZY
CLUSTER ANALYSIS IE Bucharest
bull Oxford Dictionary httpwwwoxforddictionariescom
Selecting a journal
bull Check the Guide for Authors-types of
articles published acceptable language
and article length
bull Read the abstracts of recent publications
to find current hot topics
bull Articles in your References section may
also lead to the right journal
bull Use automated abstract matching tools
(only if you have already an abstract)
Selecting a journal- International
Review Speed
The average number of weeks it takes for an
article to pass through the review process for this
journal We have selected two key points
1 From manuscript submission to the initial
decision on the article
2 From manuscript submission to the final
decision to accept
Impact factor
It is a measure of the number
of times an average paper in a
particular journal is cited
during the preceding two
years
ISI Journals larr HOT LINK
Selecting a journal- Romania
bull Romanian ISI Jornals-
Economicsbull AMFITEATRU ECONOMIC
bull ECONOMIC COMPUTATION
AND ECONOMIC
CYBERNETICS STUDIES AND
RESEARCH
bull REVISTA DE CERCETARE SI
INTERVENTIE SOCIALA
bull ROMANIAN JOURNAL OF
ECONOMIC FORECASTING
bull TRANSYLVANIAN REVIEW OF
ADMINISTRATIVE SCIENCES
bull Romanian BDI (B+)
Journals
REBS
CES Working Papers
ECTAP
Add your text in here
Add your text in here
Article structure
Title
Abstract
Introduction
Methodology
Results
Conclusions
Hot Tip
New article structure
Literaturereview
Methods
Results
Introduction
Conclusions
Abstract
Fancy title
Referencelist
Literature review
2 Reasons
Not re-inventing the
wheel
Position yourcurrent
research
Structure of LR
Introduction
bull Generalization
bull Widely known information
bull OR
bull State controversy
Main body
bull Presentpreviousworks
bull Choose an order
bull Use linkages
Endingremarks
bull Summarisethe mainfindings
bull Position yourpaper
Examples
bull In the last two or three decades the emphasis put on the
process of economic globalization has shifted the
analysisrsquo focus towards an international level
bull The international literature focused mainly on analyzing
the GDP as an absolute variable or as a growth rate
(Krolzig 2003) (Li amp Liu 2004) and its connections with
hellip proposed by Frankel and Rose (1998) further
developed by Imbs (2004)
bull As a general remark the IL considers that the complex
process of economic globalization should bring a higher
degree of business cycles synchronization
Good vs Bad
bull Remember the
purpose
bull Read about purpose
bull Write within the
purpose
bull Try to read everything
bull Read but not write
bull Not keeping
bibliographic
information
bull Try to include almost
everything
bull Give to many details
A PHRASE IN NEED
A FRIEND INDEED
httpwwwphrasebankmanche
steracuksourceshtm
Google search - phrasebank
GENERAL RULE
Methodology and or methods
Methodology
bull The study of a
single or multiple
methods
Methods
bull Ways instruments
procedures
employed to
complete the
research objectives
Empirical approach
1bull Population Sample
2
bull Data
bull Variables
3bull Methods
Population and Sample
bull ldquoThe research
population is
represented by all
the European
states rdquo
bull ldquo out of which we
have selected a
number of 24
European Union
members and 6
neighbouring
countries of the EUrdquo
Very very important
Mention if you have excluded
a number of entities from the
sample and motivate why
bull ldquoSome entities were deliberately excluded
from this analysis either on lack of relevant
data or a very different economical situation
leading to outliersrdquo
Data and variables
Source
Description
of data
Mention the
calculus method
Data Variables
Data and datum
Datum = noun singular form
Data = noun plural form
DATAS - Pieces of Data
Do not try to
dribble the
English grammar
Methods section
bull Explain how you have studied the research hypotheses
issues problems etc
bull Identify and structure logically the procedures employed
New method
bull Give precise and correct details
Previously published method
bull Name and cite it
Mathematical method
bull Include the formula
Results amp Discussions
bull Present results in a clear logical
sequence
bull Link findings to the aim of the article
bull WHATrsquoS NEW
bull Discuss findings by reffering to existing
literature
bull Possible implications
bull Also report uncertainties
bull DO NOT SPECULATE JUST REPORT
Results amp Discussions
bull Use tables and figures to support your arguments
bull Provide captions and legends for all your figures and tables
bull Use measure units where appropriate
bull NEVER USE RAW DATA
bull Be parsimonious about tables and figures
bull Never duplicate (same information both in table and in figure)
Results- Statistical issues
1 Descriptive analysis of the variables and
checking assumptions- to check for correctness of the data
- to acquire a feel for the raw data so that you recognize unusual
outcomes in your results
- to check whether the assumptions of the main analysis technique
have been fulfilled to a reasonable level
- to detect and explain of missing data or subjects with unusual
data
Dependent variables Independent
variables
Reporting statistics
bull MeanStandard
Deviation and
percentages are most
clearly presented in
parenthesesldquoThe sample as a whole was
relatively young (M = 1922 SD =
345)rdquo ƒ
bull Never report the
significance level as
p =0000 correct is
p lt0001
bull Chi-square -degrees
of freedom and
sample size in
parentheses followed
by chi-square statistic
(round to two decimal
places) and the
significance level
bull ldquoThe proportion of older male
teachers was 086 whereas the
proportion of younger male
teachers was 052 This difference
is significant (2 N = 167) =
2201 p lt 01rdquo
2
Reporting statistics
bull Correlations are
reported with their
degrees of freedom
(N-2) in parentheses
together with the
significance level in
this way
bull ldquoThe two variables were strongly
correlated r(55) =49 p lt01rdquo
bull ƒ t Tests are reported
with the degrees of
freedom in
parentheses followed
by the t statistic
(rounded to two
decimal places) and
the significance level
bull ldquoThere was a significant effect for
gender t(54) = 543 p lt001 with
men receiving higher scores than
womenrdquo
Reporting statistics
bull Regression results are often best
presented in a table
bull Include the standardized slope (beta)
along with the t-test and the corresponding
significance level
bull ldquoSocial support significantly predicted depression scores beta= -34 t(225)
= 653 p lt01 Social support also explained a significant proportion of
variance in depression scores R2 =12 F(1 225) = 4264 p lt01 rdquo
Tables and figures
Tables
bull Remove grid lines
bull Make sure everything
lines up
bull Keep a reasonable
number of significant
figures
bull Leave out
unnecessary info
Figures
bull Line Graphs-Used to
show trends over
time age
bull Bar Graphs- Used to
compare groups at
one time point
bull Scatter Plots- Used to
show relationships
between two
variables
Tables and figures- Example
Tables and figures
Do-s
bull Labeling
bull Numbering
bull Positioning
bull In-text referencing
bull Larger tables and
figuresmdashplace large
tables or figures in the
appendices
Donrsquot-s
bull Dont restructure data
from an information
source into another
format
bull Dont give extensive
descriptions in your
writing of the contents
of a table or diagram
The information in a
table or diagram tells
its own story
Insights regarding the
Introduction
Comunicates thereseach area
The authorrsquos position
Create the RESEARCH
SPACE
Short structure
bull Establish a territory ndash identify the research topic1
bull Identify a niche ndash issues gaps dilemmas that demand attention
2
bull State what your paper is going to address3
Suggested structure
Ibull Generalization about the topic
II
bull Short insights regarding the topic and or concepts (definitions debates academic conflicts)
IIIbull Find the research issue or gap
IV bull State very clearly the purpose
Vbull Structure of the article
GENERALIZATION ABOUT THE
TOPIC
ldquoConsidered to be one of the most important
contemporary phenomena by the national and
international literature globalization represents
a key research issue within in the academic
fieldrdquo
SHORT INSIGHTS REGARDING THE
TOPIC AND OR CONCEPTS
ldquoUsed as a term for the first time in 1983 in order to
(citation) globalization can be perceived as rdquo
The literature on business cycles acknowledges two
types of cycles the ldquoclassicalrdquo cycle as defined by hellip
(citation) and the one based on deviations or growths
where the underlying idea is that hellip (citation) ldquo
FIND THE RESEARCH ISSUE OR
GAP
ldquoThe main challenge that globalization puts forward
is that of finding alternative methods that can evaluate
its impact on the international economy
an analysis based on the idea that business cycles
synchronization represents a direct effect of
globalization offers the possibility to better grasp the
nature and dynamics of these vast processesrdquo
State very clearly the purpose
bull The present study seeks to
address the following questions
Are there pieces of evidence
regarding the synchronization
of business cycles between
the G7 countries and if this
is proved to be true
Can these seven countries be
considered the promoters of
economic globalization
This paper aims to estimate the synchronization of business cycles
perceived as an effect of globalization on the basis of the relationship
that exists between the growth rate of the GDP and inflows and
outflows of foreign direct investments (FDI) considered as percentage
of the GDP
Tips for writing the
Conclusions
bull Conclusions = the summing-up of an
argument or text
bull From the verb to conclude = to bring or
come to an end to sum up
Suggested structure
I
bull General assessment of the topic
bull Link to the purpose of the paper
II
bull Short and concise remarks regarding the findings
III
bull Contributions of the study
IV
bull Limitations of the research
bull Future research directions
GENERAL ASSESSMENT OF THE TOPIC amp
LINK TO THE PURPOSE OF THE PAPER
ldquoBoth globalization and business cycles are elusive economical
phenomena hence they represents a continuous research puzzle
for the academic community and an inexhaustible source of
possible inquiriesrdquo
ldquoThe main purpose of the research was to assess the business
cycle synchronization patterns inside the G7 in order to better
grasp the transformations that hellipldquo
SHORT AND CONCISE REMARKS
REGARDING THE FINDINGS
ldquoThe study has showed that in general hellip One of the
more important findings that emerge from the research
is fact that hellipThe second major finding is that hellip thus it
highlights the cases of hellip previously discussed It can
also be said that helliprdquo
CONTRIBUTIONS OF THE STUDY
ldquoThe contribution of the research founded on the
existence of resides in the explanation of and
also the Another implication of the present paper is
that it highlights the importance rdquo
ldquoThe novelty of the study is the use the ltlt X gtgt method
in order to study the helliprdquo
LIMITATIONS amp FUTURE RESEARCH
DIRECTIONS
ldquoThe future directions of study
will aim to enlarge the sample
and employ if possible
additional variables and
quarterly datardquo
ldquoThe limitations of the research
derive from therdquo
bull sample size
bull variables employed
bull types of data (annual
quarterly etc)
bull methods
bull time span
Connection with the future study
direction
Abstract
bull Summarizes the research and the conclusions
bull Is your advertisment = rdquoSellsrdquo your work
bull 50-300 words (200 typical length) (Refer to
author guidelines)
bull Stand-alone (NO references)
bull Indicates usefulness
bull Targets the audience
Writing the abstract-Long version
Originalityvalue
Research limitationsimplications
Findings
Designmethodologyapproach
Purpose
bullBased on the Emerald Structured Abstract
Writing the abstract-Short version
The Findings
The Arguments
The Purpose
Fancy title
bull Academic Titles Have Three Parts
bull (A) A catchy hook that introduces the
paper in a creative way
bull (B) Specific keywords that identify the
concepts the scholar will be exploring
bull (C) The location where those keywords
will be explored
bull 8-15 words
bull Main themeresearch topic research
design + population + geographical area
Fancy title- Examples
bull Globalization versus Segregation-Business Cycles
Synchronization in Europe
bull Is trade a vector of business cycles synchronization A
Fuzzy Cluster Approach of Globalization
bull Leaders and Followers in the Business Cycle Game A
Case Study of the G7
bull Hard or fuzzy clusters in assessing business cycle
transmission
bull The reverse alchemy of the business cycle
References section
In-text citations
All the cited
works compose
the Reference
List
Types of in-text citation
bull Varies from
Journal to Journal
bull Always check the
Authorrsquos
Guidelines
bull MS Office offers
APA
Harvard
Chicago
IEEE (reference order)
ISO 690 (Numerical
reference)
Includes only the
works cited in the
paper
Contains papers
read not
necessary cited
What makes good writing
Having something
to say
Logical thinking
A few simple
learnable rules of
style
Writing- Tips and tricks
Read pay attention and imitate
Talk about your research before trying to write about it
Stop waiting for ldquoinspirationrdquo
Revise Nobody gets it perfect on the first try
Learn how to cut ruthlessly Never become too attached to your words
Drop the balast
bull 1 Cut unnecessary words and phrases
bull 2 Write with verbs use strong verbs
avoid turning verbs into nouns and donrsquot
bury the main verb
The BAD Writing Contest
bull The move from a structuralist account in which capital is
understood to structure social relations in relatively homologous
ways to a view of hegemony in which power relations are subject to
repetition convergence and rearticulation brought the question of
temporality into the thinking of structure and marked a shift from a
form of Althusserian theory that takes structural totalities as
theoretical objects to one in which the insights into the contingent
possibility of structure inaugurate a renewed conception of
hegemony as bound up with the contingent sites and strategies of
the rearticulation of power
bull Butlerrsquos Diacritics (1997)
Balast to drop-Examples
1 Dead weight words and
phrases
bull As it is well known
bull As it has been shown
bull It can be regarded that
bull It should be emphasized
that
2 Empty words and
phrases
bull methodologic
bull important
3 Long words or phrases
that could be short
4 Unnecessary jargon
and acronyms
5 Repetitive words or
phrases
6 Adverbs
bull very really quite
basically generally etc
Substitute damn every time
youre inclined to write very
your editor will delete it and the
writing will be just as it should
be(Mark Twain)
Active vs Passive voice
Passive voice (Was done)
bull For previous studies
bull Literature reviewActive voice (I We did)
bull For new exciting own results
bull Original research
Verbs make the World go round
Donrsquot turn verbs into
nouns
Donrsquot bury the
main verb
Writing Environment
bull MS Word
bull Developed for average
users
bull WYSIWYG
bull Auto references
bull Thesaurus
bull LaTeX
bull Developed for
profesionals
bull Requires learning the
syntax
bull Latex makes difficult
things easy and easy
things very difficult
bull Prefered by publishers
LaTeX
Tables and figures
Tables
bull Most journals use three
horizontal lines one
above the column
headings one below the
column headings and
one below the data
bull Follow journal guidelines
bull DO NOT copy-paste
result tables directly from
software
Figures
bull Visual impact
bull Show trends and patterns
bull Tell a quick story
bull Tell the whole story
bull Highlight a particular
result
bull Always provide caption
bull Use high resolution (1000
dpi BampW 300 dpi color)
Tables-Examples
Figures- Examples
Final draft check-list
bull Check for consistency
bull Check for numerical consistencybull Do the numbers in your abstract match the numbers in your
tablesfigurestext
bull Do the numbers in the text match those in the tablesfigures
bull Do the numbers in each tablefigure match those in other tablesfigures
bull Check your references style
bull Check your overall style
Submission information
bull Authorship
This can be a point of contention when
writing in groups so establish
expectations for roles and responsibilities
early in the writing process
bull Permissions and Approvals
bull permissions for reprinting copyrighted
material
bull Ethical Considerations
Plagiarism amp Self- plagiarism
bull Passing off other
peoplersquos writing (or
tables and figures) as
your own
bull cutting and pasting
sentences or even
phrases from another
source
bull slightly rewriting or re-
arranging othersrsquo
words
Recycling your own
writing or data
bull Copying or only
slightly rewriting text
from your own
published papers
bull Adding new data to
already published
data and presenting it
as new results
Submitting identical or overlapping data to multiple journals
Submission checklist
bull Keywords
bull JEL Codes
bull All figure captions
bull All tables (including title description)
bull Manuscript has been spell-checked and grammar-
checked
bull References are in the correct format for this journal
bull All references mentioned in the Reference list are cited
in the text and vice versa
bull Permission has been obtained for use of copyrighted
material from other sources (including the Web)
Cover letter
Put the puzzle together
LOGO
Thank You
Bibliography
bull Jaba E (2002) Statistica Editura Economică București
bull Day A amp Peters A D (1996) How to get research published in journals Aldershot
Gower
bull Academic Writing and Research Skills Workshop Mancester University
bull APA Research Style Crib Sheet by Professor Russ Dewey amp Dr Abel Scribe PhD -
Fall 2007
bull Writing Articles for Peer-Review Publications A Quick Reference Guide
bull Chin B (2004) How to write a great research paper John Wiley amp Sons
bull Pieter M Kroonenberg (2007)How to write an article Leiden University
bull Daniel P J Soule Lucy Whiteley and Shona McIntosh Writing for Scholarly
Journals eSharp
bull Stephen E Dew (2013)The 5 Step Essay Writing Process
bull Kristin Sainani Writing in the Sciences Stanford University
bull httpwebupaczasitefilesfile40753writing_an_academic_journal_articlepdf
bull Sebastian-Florian Enea Silvia Palașcă Claudiu Țigănaș (2013) G7 COUNTRIES ndash
ADVOCATES OF THE GLOBAL BUSINESS CYCLE GEBA 2013 Iași
bull Enea Sebastian (2013) EVALUATING GLOBALIZATION BY MEANS OF FUZZY
CLUSTER ANALYSIS IE Bucharest
bull Oxford Dictionary httpwwwoxforddictionariescom
Selecting a journal- International
Review Speed
The average number of weeks it takes for an
article to pass through the review process for this
journal We have selected two key points
1 From manuscript submission to the initial
decision on the article
2 From manuscript submission to the final
decision to accept
Impact factor
It is a measure of the number
of times an average paper in a
particular journal is cited
during the preceding two
years
ISI Journals larr HOT LINK
Selecting a journal- Romania
bull Romanian ISI Jornals-
Economicsbull AMFITEATRU ECONOMIC
bull ECONOMIC COMPUTATION
AND ECONOMIC
CYBERNETICS STUDIES AND
RESEARCH
bull REVISTA DE CERCETARE SI
INTERVENTIE SOCIALA
bull ROMANIAN JOURNAL OF
ECONOMIC FORECASTING
bull TRANSYLVANIAN REVIEW OF
ADMINISTRATIVE SCIENCES
bull Romanian BDI (B+)
Journals
REBS
CES Working Papers
ECTAP
Add your text in here
Add your text in here
Article structure
Title
Abstract
Introduction
Methodology
Results
Conclusions
Hot Tip
New article structure
Literaturereview
Methods
Results
Introduction
Conclusions
Abstract
Fancy title
Referencelist
Literature review
2 Reasons
Not re-inventing the
wheel
Position yourcurrent
research
Structure of LR
Introduction
bull Generalization
bull Widely known information
bull OR
bull State controversy
Main body
bull Presentpreviousworks
bull Choose an order
bull Use linkages
Endingremarks
bull Summarisethe mainfindings
bull Position yourpaper
Examples
bull In the last two or three decades the emphasis put on the
process of economic globalization has shifted the
analysisrsquo focus towards an international level
bull The international literature focused mainly on analyzing
the GDP as an absolute variable or as a growth rate
(Krolzig 2003) (Li amp Liu 2004) and its connections with
hellip proposed by Frankel and Rose (1998) further
developed by Imbs (2004)
bull As a general remark the IL considers that the complex
process of economic globalization should bring a higher
degree of business cycles synchronization
Good vs Bad
bull Remember the
purpose
bull Read about purpose
bull Write within the
purpose
bull Try to read everything
bull Read but not write
bull Not keeping
bibliographic
information
bull Try to include almost
everything
bull Give to many details
A PHRASE IN NEED
A FRIEND INDEED
httpwwwphrasebankmanche
steracuksourceshtm
Google search - phrasebank
GENERAL RULE
Methodology and or methods
Methodology
bull The study of a
single or multiple
methods
Methods
bull Ways instruments
procedures
employed to
complete the
research objectives
Empirical approach
1bull Population Sample
2
bull Data
bull Variables
3bull Methods
Population and Sample
bull ldquoThe research
population is
represented by all
the European
states rdquo
bull ldquo out of which we
have selected a
number of 24
European Union
members and 6
neighbouring
countries of the EUrdquo
Very very important
Mention if you have excluded
a number of entities from the
sample and motivate why
bull ldquoSome entities were deliberately excluded
from this analysis either on lack of relevant
data or a very different economical situation
leading to outliersrdquo
Data and variables
Source
Description
of data
Mention the
calculus method
Data Variables
Data and datum
Datum = noun singular form
Data = noun plural form
DATAS - Pieces of Data
Do not try to
dribble the
English grammar
Methods section
bull Explain how you have studied the research hypotheses
issues problems etc
bull Identify and structure logically the procedures employed
New method
bull Give precise and correct details
Previously published method
bull Name and cite it
Mathematical method
bull Include the formula
Results amp Discussions
bull Present results in a clear logical
sequence
bull Link findings to the aim of the article
bull WHATrsquoS NEW
bull Discuss findings by reffering to existing
literature
bull Possible implications
bull Also report uncertainties
bull DO NOT SPECULATE JUST REPORT
Results amp Discussions
bull Use tables and figures to support your arguments
bull Provide captions and legends for all your figures and tables
bull Use measure units where appropriate
bull NEVER USE RAW DATA
bull Be parsimonious about tables and figures
bull Never duplicate (same information both in table and in figure)
Results- Statistical issues
1 Descriptive analysis of the variables and
checking assumptions- to check for correctness of the data
- to acquire a feel for the raw data so that you recognize unusual
outcomes in your results
- to check whether the assumptions of the main analysis technique
have been fulfilled to a reasonable level
- to detect and explain of missing data or subjects with unusual
data
Dependent variables Independent
variables
Reporting statistics
bull MeanStandard
Deviation and
percentages are most
clearly presented in
parenthesesldquoThe sample as a whole was
relatively young (M = 1922 SD =
345)rdquo ƒ
bull Never report the
significance level as
p =0000 correct is
p lt0001
bull Chi-square -degrees
of freedom and
sample size in
parentheses followed
by chi-square statistic
(round to two decimal
places) and the
significance level
bull ldquoThe proportion of older male
teachers was 086 whereas the
proportion of younger male
teachers was 052 This difference
is significant (2 N = 167) =
2201 p lt 01rdquo
2
Reporting statistics
bull Correlations are
reported with their
degrees of freedom
(N-2) in parentheses
together with the
significance level in
this way
bull ldquoThe two variables were strongly
correlated r(55) =49 p lt01rdquo
bull ƒ t Tests are reported
with the degrees of
freedom in
parentheses followed
by the t statistic
(rounded to two
decimal places) and
the significance level
bull ldquoThere was a significant effect for
gender t(54) = 543 p lt001 with
men receiving higher scores than
womenrdquo
Reporting statistics
bull Regression results are often best
presented in a table
bull Include the standardized slope (beta)
along with the t-test and the corresponding
significance level
bull ldquoSocial support significantly predicted depression scores beta= -34 t(225)
= 653 p lt01 Social support also explained a significant proportion of
variance in depression scores R2 =12 F(1 225) = 4264 p lt01 rdquo
Tables and figures
Tables
bull Remove grid lines
bull Make sure everything
lines up
bull Keep a reasonable
number of significant
figures
bull Leave out
unnecessary info
Figures
bull Line Graphs-Used to
show trends over
time age
bull Bar Graphs- Used to
compare groups at
one time point
bull Scatter Plots- Used to
show relationships
between two
variables
Tables and figures- Example
Tables and figures
Do-s
bull Labeling
bull Numbering
bull Positioning
bull In-text referencing
bull Larger tables and
figuresmdashplace large
tables or figures in the
appendices
Donrsquot-s
bull Dont restructure data
from an information
source into another
format
bull Dont give extensive
descriptions in your
writing of the contents
of a table or diagram
The information in a
table or diagram tells
its own story
Insights regarding the
Introduction
Comunicates thereseach area
The authorrsquos position
Create the RESEARCH
SPACE
Short structure
bull Establish a territory ndash identify the research topic1
bull Identify a niche ndash issues gaps dilemmas that demand attention
2
bull State what your paper is going to address3
Suggested structure
Ibull Generalization about the topic
II
bull Short insights regarding the topic and or concepts (definitions debates academic conflicts)
IIIbull Find the research issue or gap
IV bull State very clearly the purpose
Vbull Structure of the article
GENERALIZATION ABOUT THE
TOPIC
ldquoConsidered to be one of the most important
contemporary phenomena by the national and
international literature globalization represents
a key research issue within in the academic
fieldrdquo
SHORT INSIGHTS REGARDING THE
TOPIC AND OR CONCEPTS
ldquoUsed as a term for the first time in 1983 in order to
(citation) globalization can be perceived as rdquo
The literature on business cycles acknowledges two
types of cycles the ldquoclassicalrdquo cycle as defined by hellip
(citation) and the one based on deviations or growths
where the underlying idea is that hellip (citation) ldquo
FIND THE RESEARCH ISSUE OR
GAP
ldquoThe main challenge that globalization puts forward
is that of finding alternative methods that can evaluate
its impact on the international economy
an analysis based on the idea that business cycles
synchronization represents a direct effect of
globalization offers the possibility to better grasp the
nature and dynamics of these vast processesrdquo
State very clearly the purpose
bull The present study seeks to
address the following questions
Are there pieces of evidence
regarding the synchronization
of business cycles between
the G7 countries and if this
is proved to be true
Can these seven countries be
considered the promoters of
economic globalization
This paper aims to estimate the synchronization of business cycles
perceived as an effect of globalization on the basis of the relationship
that exists between the growth rate of the GDP and inflows and
outflows of foreign direct investments (FDI) considered as percentage
of the GDP
Tips for writing the
Conclusions
bull Conclusions = the summing-up of an
argument or text
bull From the verb to conclude = to bring or
come to an end to sum up
Suggested structure
I
bull General assessment of the topic
bull Link to the purpose of the paper
II
bull Short and concise remarks regarding the findings
III
bull Contributions of the study
IV
bull Limitations of the research
bull Future research directions
GENERAL ASSESSMENT OF THE TOPIC amp
LINK TO THE PURPOSE OF THE PAPER
ldquoBoth globalization and business cycles are elusive economical
phenomena hence they represents a continuous research puzzle
for the academic community and an inexhaustible source of
possible inquiriesrdquo
ldquoThe main purpose of the research was to assess the business
cycle synchronization patterns inside the G7 in order to better
grasp the transformations that hellipldquo
SHORT AND CONCISE REMARKS
REGARDING THE FINDINGS
ldquoThe study has showed that in general hellip One of the
more important findings that emerge from the research
is fact that hellipThe second major finding is that hellip thus it
highlights the cases of hellip previously discussed It can
also be said that helliprdquo
CONTRIBUTIONS OF THE STUDY
ldquoThe contribution of the research founded on the
existence of resides in the explanation of and
also the Another implication of the present paper is
that it highlights the importance rdquo
ldquoThe novelty of the study is the use the ltlt X gtgt method
in order to study the helliprdquo
LIMITATIONS amp FUTURE RESEARCH
DIRECTIONS
ldquoThe future directions of study
will aim to enlarge the sample
and employ if possible
additional variables and
quarterly datardquo
ldquoThe limitations of the research
derive from therdquo
bull sample size
bull variables employed
bull types of data (annual
quarterly etc)
bull methods
bull time span
Connection with the future study
direction
Abstract
bull Summarizes the research and the conclusions
bull Is your advertisment = rdquoSellsrdquo your work
bull 50-300 words (200 typical length) (Refer to
author guidelines)
bull Stand-alone (NO references)
bull Indicates usefulness
bull Targets the audience
Writing the abstract-Long version
Originalityvalue
Research limitationsimplications
Findings
Designmethodologyapproach
Purpose
bullBased on the Emerald Structured Abstract
Writing the abstract-Short version
The Findings
The Arguments
The Purpose
Fancy title
bull Academic Titles Have Three Parts
bull (A) A catchy hook that introduces the
paper in a creative way
bull (B) Specific keywords that identify the
concepts the scholar will be exploring
bull (C) The location where those keywords
will be explored
bull 8-15 words
bull Main themeresearch topic research
design + population + geographical area
Fancy title- Examples
bull Globalization versus Segregation-Business Cycles
Synchronization in Europe
bull Is trade a vector of business cycles synchronization A
Fuzzy Cluster Approach of Globalization
bull Leaders and Followers in the Business Cycle Game A
Case Study of the G7
bull Hard or fuzzy clusters in assessing business cycle
transmission
bull The reverse alchemy of the business cycle
References section
In-text citations
All the cited
works compose
the Reference
List
Types of in-text citation
bull Varies from
Journal to Journal
bull Always check the
Authorrsquos
Guidelines
bull MS Office offers
APA
Harvard
Chicago
IEEE (reference order)
ISO 690 (Numerical
reference)
Includes only the
works cited in the
paper
Contains papers
read not
necessary cited
What makes good writing
Having something
to say
Logical thinking
A few simple
learnable rules of
style
Writing- Tips and tricks
Read pay attention and imitate
Talk about your research before trying to write about it
Stop waiting for ldquoinspirationrdquo
Revise Nobody gets it perfect on the first try
Learn how to cut ruthlessly Never become too attached to your words
Drop the balast
bull 1 Cut unnecessary words and phrases
bull 2 Write with verbs use strong verbs
avoid turning verbs into nouns and donrsquot
bury the main verb
The BAD Writing Contest
bull The move from a structuralist account in which capital is
understood to structure social relations in relatively homologous
ways to a view of hegemony in which power relations are subject to
repetition convergence and rearticulation brought the question of
temporality into the thinking of structure and marked a shift from a
form of Althusserian theory that takes structural totalities as
theoretical objects to one in which the insights into the contingent
possibility of structure inaugurate a renewed conception of
hegemony as bound up with the contingent sites and strategies of
the rearticulation of power
bull Butlerrsquos Diacritics (1997)
Balast to drop-Examples
1 Dead weight words and
phrases
bull As it is well known
bull As it has been shown
bull It can be regarded that
bull It should be emphasized
that
2 Empty words and
phrases
bull methodologic
bull important
3 Long words or phrases
that could be short
4 Unnecessary jargon
and acronyms
5 Repetitive words or
phrases
6 Adverbs
bull very really quite
basically generally etc
Substitute damn every time
youre inclined to write very
your editor will delete it and the
writing will be just as it should
be(Mark Twain)
Active vs Passive voice
Passive voice (Was done)
bull For previous studies
bull Literature reviewActive voice (I We did)
bull For new exciting own results
bull Original research
Verbs make the World go round
Donrsquot turn verbs into
nouns
Donrsquot bury the
main verb
Writing Environment
bull MS Word
bull Developed for average
users
bull WYSIWYG
bull Auto references
bull Thesaurus
bull LaTeX
bull Developed for
profesionals
bull Requires learning the
syntax
bull Latex makes difficult
things easy and easy
things very difficult
bull Prefered by publishers
LaTeX
Tables and figures
Tables
bull Most journals use three
horizontal lines one
above the column
headings one below the
column headings and
one below the data
bull Follow journal guidelines
bull DO NOT copy-paste
result tables directly from
software
Figures
bull Visual impact
bull Show trends and patterns
bull Tell a quick story
bull Tell the whole story
bull Highlight a particular
result
bull Always provide caption
bull Use high resolution (1000
dpi BampW 300 dpi color)
Tables-Examples
Figures- Examples
Final draft check-list
bull Check for consistency
bull Check for numerical consistencybull Do the numbers in your abstract match the numbers in your
tablesfigurestext
bull Do the numbers in the text match those in the tablesfigures
bull Do the numbers in each tablefigure match those in other tablesfigures
bull Check your references style
bull Check your overall style
Submission information
bull Authorship
This can be a point of contention when
writing in groups so establish
expectations for roles and responsibilities
early in the writing process
bull Permissions and Approvals
bull permissions for reprinting copyrighted
material
bull Ethical Considerations
Plagiarism amp Self- plagiarism
bull Passing off other
peoplersquos writing (or
tables and figures) as
your own
bull cutting and pasting
sentences or even
phrases from another
source
bull slightly rewriting or re-
arranging othersrsquo
words
Recycling your own
writing or data
bull Copying or only
slightly rewriting text
from your own
published papers
bull Adding new data to
already published
data and presenting it
as new results
Submitting identical or overlapping data to multiple journals
Submission checklist
bull Keywords
bull JEL Codes
bull All figure captions
bull All tables (including title description)
bull Manuscript has been spell-checked and grammar-
checked
bull References are in the correct format for this journal
bull All references mentioned in the Reference list are cited
in the text and vice versa
bull Permission has been obtained for use of copyrighted
material from other sources (including the Web)
Cover letter
Put the puzzle together
LOGO
Thank You
Bibliography
bull Jaba E (2002) Statistica Editura Economică București
bull Day A amp Peters A D (1996) How to get research published in journals Aldershot
Gower
bull Academic Writing and Research Skills Workshop Mancester University
bull APA Research Style Crib Sheet by Professor Russ Dewey amp Dr Abel Scribe PhD -
Fall 2007
bull Writing Articles for Peer-Review Publications A Quick Reference Guide
bull Chin B (2004) How to write a great research paper John Wiley amp Sons
bull Pieter M Kroonenberg (2007)How to write an article Leiden University
bull Daniel P J Soule Lucy Whiteley and Shona McIntosh Writing for Scholarly
Journals eSharp
bull Stephen E Dew (2013)The 5 Step Essay Writing Process
bull Kristin Sainani Writing in the Sciences Stanford University
bull httpwebupaczasitefilesfile40753writing_an_academic_journal_articlepdf
bull Sebastian-Florian Enea Silvia Palașcă Claudiu Țigănaș (2013) G7 COUNTRIES ndash
ADVOCATES OF THE GLOBAL BUSINESS CYCLE GEBA 2013 Iași
bull Enea Sebastian (2013) EVALUATING GLOBALIZATION BY MEANS OF FUZZY
CLUSTER ANALYSIS IE Bucharest
bull Oxford Dictionary httpwwwoxforddictionariescom
Selecting a journal- Romania
bull Romanian ISI Jornals-
Economicsbull AMFITEATRU ECONOMIC
bull ECONOMIC COMPUTATION
AND ECONOMIC
CYBERNETICS STUDIES AND
RESEARCH
bull REVISTA DE CERCETARE SI
INTERVENTIE SOCIALA
bull ROMANIAN JOURNAL OF
ECONOMIC FORECASTING
bull TRANSYLVANIAN REVIEW OF
ADMINISTRATIVE SCIENCES
bull Romanian BDI (B+)
Journals
REBS
CES Working Papers
ECTAP
Add your text in here
Add your text in here
Article structure
Title
Abstract
Introduction
Methodology
Results
Conclusions
Hot Tip
New article structure
Literaturereview
Methods
Results
Introduction
Conclusions
Abstract
Fancy title
Referencelist
Literature review
2 Reasons
Not re-inventing the
wheel
Position yourcurrent
research
Structure of LR
Introduction
bull Generalization
bull Widely known information
bull OR
bull State controversy
Main body
bull Presentpreviousworks
bull Choose an order
bull Use linkages
Endingremarks
bull Summarisethe mainfindings
bull Position yourpaper
Examples
bull In the last two or three decades the emphasis put on the
process of economic globalization has shifted the
analysisrsquo focus towards an international level
bull The international literature focused mainly on analyzing
the GDP as an absolute variable or as a growth rate
(Krolzig 2003) (Li amp Liu 2004) and its connections with
hellip proposed by Frankel and Rose (1998) further
developed by Imbs (2004)
bull As a general remark the IL considers that the complex
process of economic globalization should bring a higher
degree of business cycles synchronization
Good vs Bad
bull Remember the
purpose
bull Read about purpose
bull Write within the
purpose
bull Try to read everything
bull Read but not write
bull Not keeping
bibliographic
information
bull Try to include almost
everything
bull Give to many details
A PHRASE IN NEED
A FRIEND INDEED
httpwwwphrasebankmanche
steracuksourceshtm
Google search - phrasebank
GENERAL RULE
Methodology and or methods
Methodology
bull The study of a
single or multiple
methods
Methods
bull Ways instruments
procedures
employed to
complete the
research objectives
Empirical approach
1bull Population Sample
2
bull Data
bull Variables
3bull Methods
Population and Sample
bull ldquoThe research
population is
represented by all
the European
states rdquo
bull ldquo out of which we
have selected a
number of 24
European Union
members and 6
neighbouring
countries of the EUrdquo
Very very important
Mention if you have excluded
a number of entities from the
sample and motivate why
bull ldquoSome entities were deliberately excluded
from this analysis either on lack of relevant
data or a very different economical situation
leading to outliersrdquo
Data and variables
Source
Description
of data
Mention the
calculus method
Data Variables
Data and datum
Datum = noun singular form
Data = noun plural form
DATAS - Pieces of Data
Do not try to
dribble the
English grammar
Methods section
bull Explain how you have studied the research hypotheses
issues problems etc
bull Identify and structure logically the procedures employed
New method
bull Give precise and correct details
Previously published method
bull Name and cite it
Mathematical method
bull Include the formula
Results amp Discussions
bull Present results in a clear logical
sequence
bull Link findings to the aim of the article
bull WHATrsquoS NEW
bull Discuss findings by reffering to existing
literature
bull Possible implications
bull Also report uncertainties
bull DO NOT SPECULATE JUST REPORT
Results amp Discussions
bull Use tables and figures to support your arguments
bull Provide captions and legends for all your figures and tables
bull Use measure units where appropriate
bull NEVER USE RAW DATA
bull Be parsimonious about tables and figures
bull Never duplicate (same information both in table and in figure)
Results- Statistical issues
1 Descriptive analysis of the variables and
checking assumptions- to check for correctness of the data
- to acquire a feel for the raw data so that you recognize unusual
outcomes in your results
- to check whether the assumptions of the main analysis technique
have been fulfilled to a reasonable level
- to detect and explain of missing data or subjects with unusual
data
Dependent variables Independent
variables
Reporting statistics
bull MeanStandard
Deviation and
percentages are most
clearly presented in
parenthesesldquoThe sample as a whole was
relatively young (M = 1922 SD =
345)rdquo ƒ
bull Never report the
significance level as
p =0000 correct is
p lt0001
bull Chi-square -degrees
of freedom and
sample size in
parentheses followed
by chi-square statistic
(round to two decimal
places) and the
significance level
bull ldquoThe proportion of older male
teachers was 086 whereas the
proportion of younger male
teachers was 052 This difference
is significant (2 N = 167) =
2201 p lt 01rdquo
2
Reporting statistics
bull Correlations are
reported with their
degrees of freedom
(N-2) in parentheses
together with the
significance level in
this way
bull ldquoThe two variables were strongly
correlated r(55) =49 p lt01rdquo
bull ƒ t Tests are reported
with the degrees of
freedom in
parentheses followed
by the t statistic
(rounded to two
decimal places) and
the significance level
bull ldquoThere was a significant effect for
gender t(54) = 543 p lt001 with
men receiving higher scores than
womenrdquo
Reporting statistics
bull Regression results are often best
presented in a table
bull Include the standardized slope (beta)
along with the t-test and the corresponding
significance level
bull ldquoSocial support significantly predicted depression scores beta= -34 t(225)
= 653 p lt01 Social support also explained a significant proportion of
variance in depression scores R2 =12 F(1 225) = 4264 p lt01 rdquo
Tables and figures
Tables
bull Remove grid lines
bull Make sure everything
lines up
bull Keep a reasonable
number of significant
figures
bull Leave out
unnecessary info
Figures
bull Line Graphs-Used to
show trends over
time age
bull Bar Graphs- Used to
compare groups at
one time point
bull Scatter Plots- Used to
show relationships
between two
variables
Tables and figures- Example
Tables and figures
Do-s
bull Labeling
bull Numbering
bull Positioning
bull In-text referencing
bull Larger tables and
figuresmdashplace large
tables or figures in the
appendices
Donrsquot-s
bull Dont restructure data
from an information
source into another
format
bull Dont give extensive
descriptions in your
writing of the contents
of a table or diagram
The information in a
table or diagram tells
its own story
Insights regarding the
Introduction
Comunicates thereseach area
The authorrsquos position
Create the RESEARCH
SPACE
Short structure
bull Establish a territory ndash identify the research topic1
bull Identify a niche ndash issues gaps dilemmas that demand attention
2
bull State what your paper is going to address3
Suggested structure
Ibull Generalization about the topic
II
bull Short insights regarding the topic and or concepts (definitions debates academic conflicts)
IIIbull Find the research issue or gap
IV bull State very clearly the purpose
Vbull Structure of the article
GENERALIZATION ABOUT THE
TOPIC
ldquoConsidered to be one of the most important
contemporary phenomena by the national and
international literature globalization represents
a key research issue within in the academic
fieldrdquo
SHORT INSIGHTS REGARDING THE
TOPIC AND OR CONCEPTS
ldquoUsed as a term for the first time in 1983 in order to
(citation) globalization can be perceived as rdquo
The literature on business cycles acknowledges two
types of cycles the ldquoclassicalrdquo cycle as defined by hellip
(citation) and the one based on deviations or growths
where the underlying idea is that hellip (citation) ldquo
FIND THE RESEARCH ISSUE OR
GAP
ldquoThe main challenge that globalization puts forward
is that of finding alternative methods that can evaluate
its impact on the international economy
an analysis based on the idea that business cycles
synchronization represents a direct effect of
globalization offers the possibility to better grasp the
nature and dynamics of these vast processesrdquo
State very clearly the purpose
bull The present study seeks to
address the following questions
Are there pieces of evidence
regarding the synchronization
of business cycles between
the G7 countries and if this
is proved to be true
Can these seven countries be
considered the promoters of
economic globalization
This paper aims to estimate the synchronization of business cycles
perceived as an effect of globalization on the basis of the relationship
that exists between the growth rate of the GDP and inflows and
outflows of foreign direct investments (FDI) considered as percentage
of the GDP
Tips for writing the
Conclusions
bull Conclusions = the summing-up of an
argument or text
bull From the verb to conclude = to bring or
come to an end to sum up
Suggested structure
I
bull General assessment of the topic
bull Link to the purpose of the paper
II
bull Short and concise remarks regarding the findings
III
bull Contributions of the study
IV
bull Limitations of the research
bull Future research directions
GENERAL ASSESSMENT OF THE TOPIC amp
LINK TO THE PURPOSE OF THE PAPER
ldquoBoth globalization and business cycles are elusive economical
phenomena hence they represents a continuous research puzzle
for the academic community and an inexhaustible source of
possible inquiriesrdquo
ldquoThe main purpose of the research was to assess the business
cycle synchronization patterns inside the G7 in order to better
grasp the transformations that hellipldquo
SHORT AND CONCISE REMARKS
REGARDING THE FINDINGS
ldquoThe study has showed that in general hellip One of the
more important findings that emerge from the research
is fact that hellipThe second major finding is that hellip thus it
highlights the cases of hellip previously discussed It can
also be said that helliprdquo
CONTRIBUTIONS OF THE STUDY
ldquoThe contribution of the research founded on the
existence of resides in the explanation of and
also the Another implication of the present paper is
that it highlights the importance rdquo
ldquoThe novelty of the study is the use the ltlt X gtgt method
in order to study the helliprdquo
LIMITATIONS amp FUTURE RESEARCH
DIRECTIONS
ldquoThe future directions of study
will aim to enlarge the sample
and employ if possible
additional variables and
quarterly datardquo
ldquoThe limitations of the research
derive from therdquo
bull sample size
bull variables employed
bull types of data (annual
quarterly etc)
bull methods
bull time span
Connection with the future study
direction
Abstract
bull Summarizes the research and the conclusions
bull Is your advertisment = rdquoSellsrdquo your work
bull 50-300 words (200 typical length) (Refer to
author guidelines)
bull Stand-alone (NO references)
bull Indicates usefulness
bull Targets the audience
Writing the abstract-Long version
Originalityvalue
Research limitationsimplications
Findings
Designmethodologyapproach
Purpose
bullBased on the Emerald Structured Abstract
Writing the abstract-Short version
The Findings
The Arguments
The Purpose
Fancy title
bull Academic Titles Have Three Parts
bull (A) A catchy hook that introduces the
paper in a creative way
bull (B) Specific keywords that identify the
concepts the scholar will be exploring
bull (C) The location where those keywords
will be explored
bull 8-15 words
bull Main themeresearch topic research
design + population + geographical area
Fancy title- Examples
bull Globalization versus Segregation-Business Cycles
Synchronization in Europe
bull Is trade a vector of business cycles synchronization A
Fuzzy Cluster Approach of Globalization
bull Leaders and Followers in the Business Cycle Game A
Case Study of the G7
bull Hard or fuzzy clusters in assessing business cycle
transmission
bull The reverse alchemy of the business cycle
References section
In-text citations
All the cited
works compose
the Reference
List
Types of in-text citation
bull Varies from
Journal to Journal
bull Always check the
Authorrsquos
Guidelines
bull MS Office offers
APA
Harvard
Chicago
IEEE (reference order)
ISO 690 (Numerical
reference)
Includes only the
works cited in the
paper
Contains papers
read not
necessary cited
What makes good writing
Having something
to say
Logical thinking
A few simple
learnable rules of
style
Writing- Tips and tricks
Read pay attention and imitate
Talk about your research before trying to write about it
Stop waiting for ldquoinspirationrdquo
Revise Nobody gets it perfect on the first try
Learn how to cut ruthlessly Never become too attached to your words
Drop the balast
bull 1 Cut unnecessary words and phrases
bull 2 Write with verbs use strong verbs
avoid turning verbs into nouns and donrsquot
bury the main verb
The BAD Writing Contest
bull The move from a structuralist account in which capital is
understood to structure social relations in relatively homologous
ways to a view of hegemony in which power relations are subject to
repetition convergence and rearticulation brought the question of
temporality into the thinking of structure and marked a shift from a
form of Althusserian theory that takes structural totalities as
theoretical objects to one in which the insights into the contingent
possibility of structure inaugurate a renewed conception of
hegemony as bound up with the contingent sites and strategies of
the rearticulation of power
bull Butlerrsquos Diacritics (1997)
Balast to drop-Examples
1 Dead weight words and
phrases
bull As it is well known
bull As it has been shown
bull It can be regarded that
bull It should be emphasized
that
2 Empty words and
phrases
bull methodologic
bull important
3 Long words or phrases
that could be short
4 Unnecessary jargon
and acronyms
5 Repetitive words or
phrases
6 Adverbs
bull very really quite
basically generally etc
Substitute damn every time
youre inclined to write very
your editor will delete it and the
writing will be just as it should
be(Mark Twain)
Active vs Passive voice
Passive voice (Was done)
bull For previous studies
bull Literature reviewActive voice (I We did)
bull For new exciting own results
bull Original research
Verbs make the World go round
Donrsquot turn verbs into
nouns
Donrsquot bury the
main verb
Writing Environment
bull MS Word
bull Developed for average
users
bull WYSIWYG
bull Auto references
bull Thesaurus
bull LaTeX
bull Developed for
profesionals
bull Requires learning the
syntax
bull Latex makes difficult
things easy and easy
things very difficult
bull Prefered by publishers
LaTeX
Tables and figures
Tables
bull Most journals use three
horizontal lines one
above the column
headings one below the
column headings and
one below the data
bull Follow journal guidelines
bull DO NOT copy-paste
result tables directly from
software
Figures
bull Visual impact
bull Show trends and patterns
bull Tell a quick story
bull Tell the whole story
bull Highlight a particular
result
bull Always provide caption
bull Use high resolution (1000
dpi BampW 300 dpi color)
Tables-Examples
Figures- Examples
Final draft check-list
bull Check for consistency
bull Check for numerical consistencybull Do the numbers in your abstract match the numbers in your
tablesfigurestext
bull Do the numbers in the text match those in the tablesfigures
bull Do the numbers in each tablefigure match those in other tablesfigures
bull Check your references style
bull Check your overall style
Submission information
bull Authorship
This can be a point of contention when
writing in groups so establish
expectations for roles and responsibilities
early in the writing process
bull Permissions and Approvals
bull permissions for reprinting copyrighted
material
bull Ethical Considerations
Plagiarism amp Self- plagiarism
bull Passing off other
peoplersquos writing (or
tables and figures) as
your own
bull cutting and pasting
sentences or even
phrases from another
source
bull slightly rewriting or re-
arranging othersrsquo
words
Recycling your own
writing or data
bull Copying or only
slightly rewriting text
from your own
published papers
bull Adding new data to
already published
data and presenting it
as new results
Submitting identical or overlapping data to multiple journals
Submission checklist
bull Keywords
bull JEL Codes
bull All figure captions
bull All tables (including title description)
bull Manuscript has been spell-checked and grammar-
checked
bull References are in the correct format for this journal
bull All references mentioned in the Reference list are cited
in the text and vice versa
bull Permission has been obtained for use of copyrighted
material from other sources (including the Web)
Cover letter
Put the puzzle together
LOGO
Thank You
Bibliography
bull Jaba E (2002) Statistica Editura Economică București
bull Day A amp Peters A D (1996) How to get research published in journals Aldershot
Gower
bull Academic Writing and Research Skills Workshop Mancester University
bull APA Research Style Crib Sheet by Professor Russ Dewey amp Dr Abel Scribe PhD -
Fall 2007
bull Writing Articles for Peer-Review Publications A Quick Reference Guide
bull Chin B (2004) How to write a great research paper John Wiley amp Sons
bull Pieter M Kroonenberg (2007)How to write an article Leiden University
bull Daniel P J Soule Lucy Whiteley and Shona McIntosh Writing for Scholarly
Journals eSharp
bull Stephen E Dew (2013)The 5 Step Essay Writing Process
bull Kristin Sainani Writing in the Sciences Stanford University
bull httpwebupaczasitefilesfile40753writing_an_academic_journal_articlepdf
bull Sebastian-Florian Enea Silvia Palașcă Claudiu Țigănaș (2013) G7 COUNTRIES ndash
ADVOCATES OF THE GLOBAL BUSINESS CYCLE GEBA 2013 Iași
bull Enea Sebastian (2013) EVALUATING GLOBALIZATION BY MEANS OF FUZZY
CLUSTER ANALYSIS IE Bucharest
bull Oxford Dictionary httpwwwoxforddictionariescom
Add your text in here
Add your text in here
Article structure
Title
Abstract
Introduction
Methodology
Results
Conclusions
Hot Tip
New article structure
Literaturereview
Methods
Results
Introduction
Conclusions
Abstract
Fancy title
Referencelist
Literature review
2 Reasons
Not re-inventing the
wheel
Position yourcurrent
research
Structure of LR
Introduction
bull Generalization
bull Widely known information
bull OR
bull State controversy
Main body
bull Presentpreviousworks
bull Choose an order
bull Use linkages
Endingremarks
bull Summarisethe mainfindings
bull Position yourpaper
Examples
bull In the last two or three decades the emphasis put on the
process of economic globalization has shifted the
analysisrsquo focus towards an international level
bull The international literature focused mainly on analyzing
the GDP as an absolute variable or as a growth rate
(Krolzig 2003) (Li amp Liu 2004) and its connections with
hellip proposed by Frankel and Rose (1998) further
developed by Imbs (2004)
bull As a general remark the IL considers that the complex
process of economic globalization should bring a higher
degree of business cycles synchronization
Good vs Bad
bull Remember the
purpose
bull Read about purpose
bull Write within the
purpose
bull Try to read everything
bull Read but not write
bull Not keeping
bibliographic
information
bull Try to include almost
everything
bull Give to many details
A PHRASE IN NEED
A FRIEND INDEED
httpwwwphrasebankmanche
steracuksourceshtm
Google search - phrasebank
GENERAL RULE
Methodology and or methods
Methodology
bull The study of a
single or multiple
methods
Methods
bull Ways instruments
procedures
employed to
complete the
research objectives
Empirical approach
1bull Population Sample
2
bull Data
bull Variables
3bull Methods
Population and Sample
bull ldquoThe research
population is
represented by all
the European
states rdquo
bull ldquo out of which we
have selected a
number of 24
European Union
members and 6
neighbouring
countries of the EUrdquo
Very very important
Mention if you have excluded
a number of entities from the
sample and motivate why
bull ldquoSome entities were deliberately excluded
from this analysis either on lack of relevant
data or a very different economical situation
leading to outliersrdquo
Data and variables
Source
Description
of data
Mention the
calculus method
Data Variables
Data and datum
Datum = noun singular form
Data = noun plural form
DATAS - Pieces of Data
Do not try to
dribble the
English grammar
Methods section
bull Explain how you have studied the research hypotheses
issues problems etc
bull Identify and structure logically the procedures employed
New method
bull Give precise and correct details
Previously published method
bull Name and cite it
Mathematical method
bull Include the formula
Results amp Discussions
bull Present results in a clear logical
sequence
bull Link findings to the aim of the article
bull WHATrsquoS NEW
bull Discuss findings by reffering to existing
literature
bull Possible implications
bull Also report uncertainties
bull DO NOT SPECULATE JUST REPORT
Results amp Discussions
bull Use tables and figures to support your arguments
bull Provide captions and legends for all your figures and tables
bull Use measure units where appropriate
bull NEVER USE RAW DATA
bull Be parsimonious about tables and figures
bull Never duplicate (same information both in table and in figure)
Results- Statistical issues
1 Descriptive analysis of the variables and
checking assumptions- to check for correctness of the data
- to acquire a feel for the raw data so that you recognize unusual
outcomes in your results
- to check whether the assumptions of the main analysis technique
have been fulfilled to a reasonable level
- to detect and explain of missing data or subjects with unusual
data
Dependent variables Independent
variables
Reporting statistics
bull MeanStandard
Deviation and
percentages are most
clearly presented in
parenthesesldquoThe sample as a whole was
relatively young (M = 1922 SD =
345)rdquo ƒ
bull Never report the
significance level as
p =0000 correct is
p lt0001
bull Chi-square -degrees
of freedom and
sample size in
parentheses followed
by chi-square statistic
(round to two decimal
places) and the
significance level
bull ldquoThe proportion of older male
teachers was 086 whereas the
proportion of younger male
teachers was 052 This difference
is significant (2 N = 167) =
2201 p lt 01rdquo
2
Reporting statistics
bull Correlations are
reported with their
degrees of freedom
(N-2) in parentheses
together with the
significance level in
this way
bull ldquoThe two variables were strongly
correlated r(55) =49 p lt01rdquo
bull ƒ t Tests are reported
with the degrees of
freedom in
parentheses followed
by the t statistic
(rounded to two
decimal places) and
the significance level
bull ldquoThere was a significant effect for
gender t(54) = 543 p lt001 with
men receiving higher scores than
womenrdquo
Reporting statistics
bull Regression results are often best
presented in a table
bull Include the standardized slope (beta)
along with the t-test and the corresponding
significance level
bull ldquoSocial support significantly predicted depression scores beta= -34 t(225)
= 653 p lt01 Social support also explained a significant proportion of
variance in depression scores R2 =12 F(1 225) = 4264 p lt01 rdquo
Tables and figures
Tables
bull Remove grid lines
bull Make sure everything
lines up
bull Keep a reasonable
number of significant
figures
bull Leave out
unnecessary info
Figures
bull Line Graphs-Used to
show trends over
time age
bull Bar Graphs- Used to
compare groups at
one time point
bull Scatter Plots- Used to
show relationships
between two
variables
Tables and figures- Example
Tables and figures
Do-s
bull Labeling
bull Numbering
bull Positioning
bull In-text referencing
bull Larger tables and
figuresmdashplace large
tables or figures in the
appendices
Donrsquot-s
bull Dont restructure data
from an information
source into another
format
bull Dont give extensive
descriptions in your
writing of the contents
of a table or diagram
The information in a
table or diagram tells
its own story
Insights regarding the
Introduction
Comunicates thereseach area
The authorrsquos position
Create the RESEARCH
SPACE
Short structure
bull Establish a territory ndash identify the research topic1
bull Identify a niche ndash issues gaps dilemmas that demand attention
2
bull State what your paper is going to address3
Suggested structure
Ibull Generalization about the topic
II
bull Short insights regarding the topic and or concepts (definitions debates academic conflicts)
IIIbull Find the research issue or gap
IV bull State very clearly the purpose
Vbull Structure of the article
GENERALIZATION ABOUT THE
TOPIC
ldquoConsidered to be one of the most important
contemporary phenomena by the national and
international literature globalization represents
a key research issue within in the academic
fieldrdquo
SHORT INSIGHTS REGARDING THE
TOPIC AND OR CONCEPTS
ldquoUsed as a term for the first time in 1983 in order to
(citation) globalization can be perceived as rdquo
The literature on business cycles acknowledges two
types of cycles the ldquoclassicalrdquo cycle as defined by hellip
(citation) and the one based on deviations or growths
where the underlying idea is that hellip (citation) ldquo
FIND THE RESEARCH ISSUE OR
GAP
ldquoThe main challenge that globalization puts forward
is that of finding alternative methods that can evaluate
its impact on the international economy
an analysis based on the idea that business cycles
synchronization represents a direct effect of
globalization offers the possibility to better grasp the
nature and dynamics of these vast processesrdquo
State very clearly the purpose
bull The present study seeks to
address the following questions
Are there pieces of evidence
regarding the synchronization
of business cycles between
the G7 countries and if this
is proved to be true
Can these seven countries be
considered the promoters of
economic globalization
This paper aims to estimate the synchronization of business cycles
perceived as an effect of globalization on the basis of the relationship
that exists between the growth rate of the GDP and inflows and
outflows of foreign direct investments (FDI) considered as percentage
of the GDP
Tips for writing the
Conclusions
bull Conclusions = the summing-up of an
argument or text
bull From the verb to conclude = to bring or
come to an end to sum up
Suggested structure
I
bull General assessment of the topic
bull Link to the purpose of the paper
II
bull Short and concise remarks regarding the findings
III
bull Contributions of the study
IV
bull Limitations of the research
bull Future research directions
GENERAL ASSESSMENT OF THE TOPIC amp
LINK TO THE PURPOSE OF THE PAPER
ldquoBoth globalization and business cycles are elusive economical
phenomena hence they represents a continuous research puzzle
for the academic community and an inexhaustible source of
possible inquiriesrdquo
ldquoThe main purpose of the research was to assess the business
cycle synchronization patterns inside the G7 in order to better
grasp the transformations that hellipldquo
SHORT AND CONCISE REMARKS
REGARDING THE FINDINGS
ldquoThe study has showed that in general hellip One of the
more important findings that emerge from the research
is fact that hellipThe second major finding is that hellip thus it
highlights the cases of hellip previously discussed It can
also be said that helliprdquo
CONTRIBUTIONS OF THE STUDY
ldquoThe contribution of the research founded on the
existence of resides in the explanation of and
also the Another implication of the present paper is
that it highlights the importance rdquo
ldquoThe novelty of the study is the use the ltlt X gtgt method
in order to study the helliprdquo
LIMITATIONS amp FUTURE RESEARCH
DIRECTIONS
ldquoThe future directions of study
will aim to enlarge the sample
and employ if possible
additional variables and
quarterly datardquo
ldquoThe limitations of the research
derive from therdquo
bull sample size
bull variables employed
bull types of data (annual
quarterly etc)
bull methods
bull time span
Connection with the future study
direction
Abstract
bull Summarizes the research and the conclusions
bull Is your advertisment = rdquoSellsrdquo your work
bull 50-300 words (200 typical length) (Refer to
author guidelines)
bull Stand-alone (NO references)
bull Indicates usefulness
bull Targets the audience
Writing the abstract-Long version
Originalityvalue
Research limitationsimplications
Findings
Designmethodologyapproach
Purpose
bullBased on the Emerald Structured Abstract
Writing the abstract-Short version
The Findings
The Arguments
The Purpose
Fancy title
bull Academic Titles Have Three Parts
bull (A) A catchy hook that introduces the
paper in a creative way
bull (B) Specific keywords that identify the
concepts the scholar will be exploring
bull (C) The location where those keywords
will be explored
bull 8-15 words
bull Main themeresearch topic research
design + population + geographical area
Fancy title- Examples
bull Globalization versus Segregation-Business Cycles
Synchronization in Europe
bull Is trade a vector of business cycles synchronization A
Fuzzy Cluster Approach of Globalization
bull Leaders and Followers in the Business Cycle Game A
Case Study of the G7
bull Hard or fuzzy clusters in assessing business cycle
transmission
bull The reverse alchemy of the business cycle
References section
In-text citations
All the cited
works compose
the Reference
List
Types of in-text citation
bull Varies from
Journal to Journal
bull Always check the
Authorrsquos
Guidelines
bull MS Office offers
APA
Harvard
Chicago
IEEE (reference order)
ISO 690 (Numerical
reference)
Includes only the
works cited in the
paper
Contains papers
read not
necessary cited
What makes good writing
Having something
to say
Logical thinking
A few simple
learnable rules of
style
Writing- Tips and tricks
Read pay attention and imitate
Talk about your research before trying to write about it
Stop waiting for ldquoinspirationrdquo
Revise Nobody gets it perfect on the first try
Learn how to cut ruthlessly Never become too attached to your words
Drop the balast
bull 1 Cut unnecessary words and phrases
bull 2 Write with verbs use strong verbs
avoid turning verbs into nouns and donrsquot
bury the main verb
The BAD Writing Contest
bull The move from a structuralist account in which capital is
understood to structure social relations in relatively homologous
ways to a view of hegemony in which power relations are subject to
repetition convergence and rearticulation brought the question of
temporality into the thinking of structure and marked a shift from a
form of Althusserian theory that takes structural totalities as
theoretical objects to one in which the insights into the contingent
possibility of structure inaugurate a renewed conception of
hegemony as bound up with the contingent sites and strategies of
the rearticulation of power
bull Butlerrsquos Diacritics (1997)
Balast to drop-Examples
1 Dead weight words and
phrases
bull As it is well known
bull As it has been shown
bull It can be regarded that
bull It should be emphasized
that
2 Empty words and
phrases
bull methodologic
bull important
3 Long words or phrases
that could be short
4 Unnecessary jargon
and acronyms
5 Repetitive words or
phrases
6 Adverbs
bull very really quite
basically generally etc
Substitute damn every time
youre inclined to write very
your editor will delete it and the
writing will be just as it should
be(Mark Twain)
Active vs Passive voice
Passive voice (Was done)
bull For previous studies
bull Literature reviewActive voice (I We did)
bull For new exciting own results
bull Original research
Verbs make the World go round
Donrsquot turn verbs into
nouns
Donrsquot bury the
main verb
Writing Environment
bull MS Word
bull Developed for average
users
bull WYSIWYG
bull Auto references
bull Thesaurus
bull LaTeX
bull Developed for
profesionals
bull Requires learning the
syntax
bull Latex makes difficult
things easy and easy
things very difficult
bull Prefered by publishers
LaTeX
Tables and figures
Tables
bull Most journals use three
horizontal lines one
above the column
headings one below the
column headings and
one below the data
bull Follow journal guidelines
bull DO NOT copy-paste
result tables directly from
software
Figures
bull Visual impact
bull Show trends and patterns
bull Tell a quick story
bull Tell the whole story
bull Highlight a particular
result
bull Always provide caption
bull Use high resolution (1000
dpi BampW 300 dpi color)
Tables-Examples
Figures- Examples
Final draft check-list
bull Check for consistency
bull Check for numerical consistencybull Do the numbers in your abstract match the numbers in your
tablesfigurestext
bull Do the numbers in the text match those in the tablesfigures
bull Do the numbers in each tablefigure match those in other tablesfigures
bull Check your references style
bull Check your overall style
Submission information
bull Authorship
This can be a point of contention when
writing in groups so establish
expectations for roles and responsibilities
early in the writing process
bull Permissions and Approvals
bull permissions for reprinting copyrighted
material
bull Ethical Considerations
Plagiarism amp Self- plagiarism
bull Passing off other
peoplersquos writing (or
tables and figures) as
your own
bull cutting and pasting
sentences or even
phrases from another
source
bull slightly rewriting or re-
arranging othersrsquo
words
Recycling your own
writing or data
bull Copying or only
slightly rewriting text
from your own
published papers
bull Adding new data to
already published
data and presenting it
as new results
Submitting identical or overlapping data to multiple journals
Submission checklist
bull Keywords
bull JEL Codes
bull All figure captions
bull All tables (including title description)
bull Manuscript has been spell-checked and grammar-
checked
bull References are in the correct format for this journal
bull All references mentioned in the Reference list are cited
in the text and vice versa
bull Permission has been obtained for use of copyrighted
material from other sources (including the Web)
Cover letter
Put the puzzle together
LOGO
Thank You
Bibliography
bull Jaba E (2002) Statistica Editura Economică București
bull Day A amp Peters A D (1996) How to get research published in journals Aldershot
Gower
bull Academic Writing and Research Skills Workshop Mancester University
bull APA Research Style Crib Sheet by Professor Russ Dewey amp Dr Abel Scribe PhD -
Fall 2007
bull Writing Articles for Peer-Review Publications A Quick Reference Guide
bull Chin B (2004) How to write a great research paper John Wiley amp Sons
bull Pieter M Kroonenberg (2007)How to write an article Leiden University
bull Daniel P J Soule Lucy Whiteley and Shona McIntosh Writing for Scholarly
Journals eSharp
bull Stephen E Dew (2013)The 5 Step Essay Writing Process
bull Kristin Sainani Writing in the Sciences Stanford University
bull httpwebupaczasitefilesfile40753writing_an_academic_journal_articlepdf
bull Sebastian-Florian Enea Silvia Palașcă Claudiu Țigănaș (2013) G7 COUNTRIES ndash
ADVOCATES OF THE GLOBAL BUSINESS CYCLE GEBA 2013 Iași
bull Enea Sebastian (2013) EVALUATING GLOBALIZATION BY MEANS OF FUZZY
CLUSTER ANALYSIS IE Bucharest
bull Oxford Dictionary httpwwwoxforddictionariescom
Article structure
Title
Abstract
Introduction
Methodology
Results
Conclusions
Hot Tip
New article structure
Literaturereview
Methods
Results
Introduction
Conclusions
Abstract
Fancy title
Referencelist
Literature review
2 Reasons
Not re-inventing the
wheel
Position yourcurrent
research
Structure of LR
Introduction
bull Generalization
bull Widely known information
bull OR
bull State controversy
Main body
bull Presentpreviousworks
bull Choose an order
bull Use linkages
Endingremarks
bull Summarisethe mainfindings
bull Position yourpaper
Examples
bull In the last two or three decades the emphasis put on the
process of economic globalization has shifted the
analysisrsquo focus towards an international level
bull The international literature focused mainly on analyzing
the GDP as an absolute variable or as a growth rate
(Krolzig 2003) (Li amp Liu 2004) and its connections with
hellip proposed by Frankel and Rose (1998) further
developed by Imbs (2004)
bull As a general remark the IL considers that the complex
process of economic globalization should bring a higher
degree of business cycles synchronization
Good vs Bad
bull Remember the
purpose
bull Read about purpose
bull Write within the
purpose
bull Try to read everything
bull Read but not write
bull Not keeping
bibliographic
information
bull Try to include almost
everything
bull Give to many details
A PHRASE IN NEED
A FRIEND INDEED
httpwwwphrasebankmanche
steracuksourceshtm
Google search - phrasebank
GENERAL RULE
Methodology and or methods
Methodology
bull The study of a
single or multiple
methods
Methods
bull Ways instruments
procedures
employed to
complete the
research objectives
Empirical approach
1bull Population Sample
2
bull Data
bull Variables
3bull Methods
Population and Sample
bull ldquoThe research
population is
represented by all
the European
states rdquo
bull ldquo out of which we
have selected a
number of 24
European Union
members and 6
neighbouring
countries of the EUrdquo
Very very important
Mention if you have excluded
a number of entities from the
sample and motivate why
bull ldquoSome entities were deliberately excluded
from this analysis either on lack of relevant
data or a very different economical situation
leading to outliersrdquo
Data and variables
Source
Description
of data
Mention the
calculus method
Data Variables
Data and datum
Datum = noun singular form
Data = noun plural form
DATAS - Pieces of Data
Do not try to
dribble the
English grammar
Methods section
bull Explain how you have studied the research hypotheses
issues problems etc
bull Identify and structure logically the procedures employed
New method
bull Give precise and correct details
Previously published method
bull Name and cite it
Mathematical method
bull Include the formula
Results amp Discussions
bull Present results in a clear logical
sequence
bull Link findings to the aim of the article
bull WHATrsquoS NEW
bull Discuss findings by reffering to existing
literature
bull Possible implications
bull Also report uncertainties
bull DO NOT SPECULATE JUST REPORT
Results amp Discussions
bull Use tables and figures to support your arguments
bull Provide captions and legends for all your figures and tables
bull Use measure units where appropriate
bull NEVER USE RAW DATA
bull Be parsimonious about tables and figures
bull Never duplicate (same information both in table and in figure)
Results- Statistical issues
1 Descriptive analysis of the variables and
checking assumptions- to check for correctness of the data
- to acquire a feel for the raw data so that you recognize unusual
outcomes in your results
- to check whether the assumptions of the main analysis technique
have been fulfilled to a reasonable level
- to detect and explain of missing data or subjects with unusual
data
Dependent variables Independent
variables
Reporting statistics
bull MeanStandard
Deviation and
percentages are most
clearly presented in
parenthesesldquoThe sample as a whole was
relatively young (M = 1922 SD =
345)rdquo ƒ
bull Never report the
significance level as
p =0000 correct is
p lt0001
bull Chi-square -degrees
of freedom and
sample size in
parentheses followed
by chi-square statistic
(round to two decimal
places) and the
significance level
bull ldquoThe proportion of older male
teachers was 086 whereas the
proportion of younger male
teachers was 052 This difference
is significant (2 N = 167) =
2201 p lt 01rdquo
2
Reporting statistics
bull Correlations are
reported with their
degrees of freedom
(N-2) in parentheses
together with the
significance level in
this way
bull ldquoThe two variables were strongly
correlated r(55) =49 p lt01rdquo
bull ƒ t Tests are reported
with the degrees of
freedom in
parentheses followed
by the t statistic
(rounded to two
decimal places) and
the significance level
bull ldquoThere was a significant effect for
gender t(54) = 543 p lt001 with
men receiving higher scores than
womenrdquo
Reporting statistics
bull Regression results are often best
presented in a table
bull Include the standardized slope (beta)
along with the t-test and the corresponding
significance level
bull ldquoSocial support significantly predicted depression scores beta= -34 t(225)
= 653 p lt01 Social support also explained a significant proportion of
variance in depression scores R2 =12 F(1 225) = 4264 p lt01 rdquo
Tables and figures
Tables
bull Remove grid lines
bull Make sure everything
lines up
bull Keep a reasonable
number of significant
figures
bull Leave out
unnecessary info
Figures
bull Line Graphs-Used to
show trends over
time age
bull Bar Graphs- Used to
compare groups at
one time point
bull Scatter Plots- Used to
show relationships
between two
variables
Tables and figures- Example
Tables and figures
Do-s
bull Labeling
bull Numbering
bull Positioning
bull In-text referencing
bull Larger tables and
figuresmdashplace large
tables or figures in the
appendices
Donrsquot-s
bull Dont restructure data
from an information
source into another
format
bull Dont give extensive
descriptions in your
writing of the contents
of a table or diagram
The information in a
table or diagram tells
its own story
Insights regarding the
Introduction
Comunicates thereseach area
The authorrsquos position
Create the RESEARCH
SPACE
Short structure
bull Establish a territory ndash identify the research topic1
bull Identify a niche ndash issues gaps dilemmas that demand attention
2
bull State what your paper is going to address3
Suggested structure
Ibull Generalization about the topic
II
bull Short insights regarding the topic and or concepts (definitions debates academic conflicts)
IIIbull Find the research issue or gap
IV bull State very clearly the purpose
Vbull Structure of the article
GENERALIZATION ABOUT THE
TOPIC
ldquoConsidered to be one of the most important
contemporary phenomena by the national and
international literature globalization represents
a key research issue within in the academic
fieldrdquo
SHORT INSIGHTS REGARDING THE
TOPIC AND OR CONCEPTS
ldquoUsed as a term for the first time in 1983 in order to
(citation) globalization can be perceived as rdquo
The literature on business cycles acknowledges two
types of cycles the ldquoclassicalrdquo cycle as defined by hellip
(citation) and the one based on deviations or growths
where the underlying idea is that hellip (citation) ldquo
FIND THE RESEARCH ISSUE OR
GAP
ldquoThe main challenge that globalization puts forward
is that of finding alternative methods that can evaluate
its impact on the international economy
an analysis based on the idea that business cycles
synchronization represents a direct effect of
globalization offers the possibility to better grasp the
nature and dynamics of these vast processesrdquo
State very clearly the purpose
bull The present study seeks to
address the following questions
Are there pieces of evidence
regarding the synchronization
of business cycles between
the G7 countries and if this
is proved to be true
Can these seven countries be
considered the promoters of
economic globalization
This paper aims to estimate the synchronization of business cycles
perceived as an effect of globalization on the basis of the relationship
that exists between the growth rate of the GDP and inflows and
outflows of foreign direct investments (FDI) considered as percentage
of the GDP
Tips for writing the
Conclusions
bull Conclusions = the summing-up of an
argument or text
bull From the verb to conclude = to bring or
come to an end to sum up
Suggested structure
I
bull General assessment of the topic
bull Link to the purpose of the paper
II
bull Short and concise remarks regarding the findings
III
bull Contributions of the study
IV
bull Limitations of the research
bull Future research directions
GENERAL ASSESSMENT OF THE TOPIC amp
LINK TO THE PURPOSE OF THE PAPER
ldquoBoth globalization and business cycles are elusive economical
phenomena hence they represents a continuous research puzzle
for the academic community and an inexhaustible source of
possible inquiriesrdquo
ldquoThe main purpose of the research was to assess the business
cycle synchronization patterns inside the G7 in order to better
grasp the transformations that hellipldquo
SHORT AND CONCISE REMARKS
REGARDING THE FINDINGS
ldquoThe study has showed that in general hellip One of the
more important findings that emerge from the research
is fact that hellipThe second major finding is that hellip thus it
highlights the cases of hellip previously discussed It can
also be said that helliprdquo
CONTRIBUTIONS OF THE STUDY
ldquoThe contribution of the research founded on the
existence of resides in the explanation of and
also the Another implication of the present paper is
that it highlights the importance rdquo
ldquoThe novelty of the study is the use the ltlt X gtgt method
in order to study the helliprdquo
LIMITATIONS amp FUTURE RESEARCH
DIRECTIONS
ldquoThe future directions of study
will aim to enlarge the sample
and employ if possible
additional variables and
quarterly datardquo
ldquoThe limitations of the research
derive from therdquo
bull sample size
bull variables employed
bull types of data (annual
quarterly etc)
bull methods
bull time span
Connection with the future study
direction
Abstract
bull Summarizes the research and the conclusions
bull Is your advertisment = rdquoSellsrdquo your work
bull 50-300 words (200 typical length) (Refer to
author guidelines)
bull Stand-alone (NO references)
bull Indicates usefulness
bull Targets the audience
Writing the abstract-Long version
Originalityvalue
Research limitationsimplications
Findings
Designmethodologyapproach
Purpose
bullBased on the Emerald Structured Abstract
Writing the abstract-Short version
The Findings
The Arguments
The Purpose
Fancy title
bull Academic Titles Have Three Parts
bull (A) A catchy hook that introduces the
paper in a creative way
bull (B) Specific keywords that identify the
concepts the scholar will be exploring
bull (C) The location where those keywords
will be explored
bull 8-15 words
bull Main themeresearch topic research
design + population + geographical area
Fancy title- Examples
bull Globalization versus Segregation-Business Cycles
Synchronization in Europe
bull Is trade a vector of business cycles synchronization A
Fuzzy Cluster Approach of Globalization
bull Leaders and Followers in the Business Cycle Game A
Case Study of the G7
bull Hard or fuzzy clusters in assessing business cycle
transmission
bull The reverse alchemy of the business cycle
References section
In-text citations
All the cited
works compose
the Reference
List
Types of in-text citation
bull Varies from
Journal to Journal
bull Always check the
Authorrsquos
Guidelines
bull MS Office offers
APA
Harvard
Chicago
IEEE (reference order)
ISO 690 (Numerical
reference)
Includes only the
works cited in the
paper
Contains papers
read not
necessary cited
What makes good writing
Having something
to say
Logical thinking
A few simple
learnable rules of
style
Writing- Tips and tricks
Read pay attention and imitate
Talk about your research before trying to write about it
Stop waiting for ldquoinspirationrdquo
Revise Nobody gets it perfect on the first try
Learn how to cut ruthlessly Never become too attached to your words
Drop the balast
bull 1 Cut unnecessary words and phrases
bull 2 Write with verbs use strong verbs
avoid turning verbs into nouns and donrsquot
bury the main verb
The BAD Writing Contest
bull The move from a structuralist account in which capital is
understood to structure social relations in relatively homologous
ways to a view of hegemony in which power relations are subject to
repetition convergence and rearticulation brought the question of
temporality into the thinking of structure and marked a shift from a
form of Althusserian theory that takes structural totalities as
theoretical objects to one in which the insights into the contingent
possibility of structure inaugurate a renewed conception of
hegemony as bound up with the contingent sites and strategies of
the rearticulation of power
bull Butlerrsquos Diacritics (1997)
Balast to drop-Examples
1 Dead weight words and
phrases
bull As it is well known
bull As it has been shown
bull It can be regarded that
bull It should be emphasized
that
2 Empty words and
phrases
bull methodologic
bull important
3 Long words or phrases
that could be short
4 Unnecessary jargon
and acronyms
5 Repetitive words or
phrases
6 Adverbs
bull very really quite
basically generally etc
Substitute damn every time
youre inclined to write very
your editor will delete it and the
writing will be just as it should
be(Mark Twain)
Active vs Passive voice
Passive voice (Was done)
bull For previous studies
bull Literature reviewActive voice (I We did)
bull For new exciting own results
bull Original research
Verbs make the World go round
Donrsquot turn verbs into
nouns
Donrsquot bury the
main verb
Writing Environment
bull MS Word
bull Developed for average
users
bull WYSIWYG
bull Auto references
bull Thesaurus
bull LaTeX
bull Developed for
profesionals
bull Requires learning the
syntax
bull Latex makes difficult
things easy and easy
things very difficult
bull Prefered by publishers
LaTeX
Tables and figures
Tables
bull Most journals use three
horizontal lines one
above the column
headings one below the
column headings and
one below the data
bull Follow journal guidelines
bull DO NOT copy-paste
result tables directly from
software
Figures
bull Visual impact
bull Show trends and patterns
bull Tell a quick story
bull Tell the whole story
bull Highlight a particular
result
bull Always provide caption
bull Use high resolution (1000
dpi BampW 300 dpi color)
Tables-Examples
Figures- Examples
Final draft check-list
bull Check for consistency
bull Check for numerical consistencybull Do the numbers in your abstract match the numbers in your
tablesfigurestext
bull Do the numbers in the text match those in the tablesfigures
bull Do the numbers in each tablefigure match those in other tablesfigures
bull Check your references style
bull Check your overall style
Submission information
bull Authorship
This can be a point of contention when
writing in groups so establish
expectations for roles and responsibilities
early in the writing process
bull Permissions and Approvals
bull permissions for reprinting copyrighted
material
bull Ethical Considerations
Plagiarism amp Self- plagiarism
bull Passing off other
peoplersquos writing (or
tables and figures) as
your own
bull cutting and pasting
sentences or even
phrases from another
source
bull slightly rewriting or re-
arranging othersrsquo
words
Recycling your own
writing or data
bull Copying or only
slightly rewriting text
from your own
published papers
bull Adding new data to
already published
data and presenting it
as new results
Submitting identical or overlapping data to multiple journals
Submission checklist
bull Keywords
bull JEL Codes
bull All figure captions
bull All tables (including title description)
bull Manuscript has been spell-checked and grammar-
checked
bull References are in the correct format for this journal
bull All references mentioned in the Reference list are cited
in the text and vice versa
bull Permission has been obtained for use of copyrighted
material from other sources (including the Web)
Cover letter
Put the puzzle together
LOGO
Thank You
Bibliography
bull Jaba E (2002) Statistica Editura Economică București
bull Day A amp Peters A D (1996) How to get research published in journals Aldershot
Gower
bull Academic Writing and Research Skills Workshop Mancester University
bull APA Research Style Crib Sheet by Professor Russ Dewey amp Dr Abel Scribe PhD -
Fall 2007
bull Writing Articles for Peer-Review Publications A Quick Reference Guide
bull Chin B (2004) How to write a great research paper John Wiley amp Sons
bull Pieter M Kroonenberg (2007)How to write an article Leiden University
bull Daniel P J Soule Lucy Whiteley and Shona McIntosh Writing for Scholarly
Journals eSharp
bull Stephen E Dew (2013)The 5 Step Essay Writing Process
bull Kristin Sainani Writing in the Sciences Stanford University
bull httpwebupaczasitefilesfile40753writing_an_academic_journal_articlepdf
bull Sebastian-Florian Enea Silvia Palașcă Claudiu Țigănaș (2013) G7 COUNTRIES ndash
ADVOCATES OF THE GLOBAL BUSINESS CYCLE GEBA 2013 Iași
bull Enea Sebastian (2013) EVALUATING GLOBALIZATION BY MEANS OF FUZZY
CLUSTER ANALYSIS IE Bucharest
bull Oxford Dictionary httpwwwoxforddictionariescom
Hot Tip
New article structure
Literaturereview
Methods
Results
Introduction
Conclusions
Abstract
Fancy title
Referencelist
Literature review
2 Reasons
Not re-inventing the
wheel
Position yourcurrent
research
Structure of LR
Introduction
bull Generalization
bull Widely known information
bull OR
bull State controversy
Main body
bull Presentpreviousworks
bull Choose an order
bull Use linkages
Endingremarks
bull Summarisethe mainfindings
bull Position yourpaper
Examples
bull In the last two or three decades the emphasis put on the
process of economic globalization has shifted the
analysisrsquo focus towards an international level
bull The international literature focused mainly on analyzing
the GDP as an absolute variable or as a growth rate
(Krolzig 2003) (Li amp Liu 2004) and its connections with
hellip proposed by Frankel and Rose (1998) further
developed by Imbs (2004)
bull As a general remark the IL considers that the complex
process of economic globalization should bring a higher
degree of business cycles synchronization
Good vs Bad
bull Remember the
purpose
bull Read about purpose
bull Write within the
purpose
bull Try to read everything
bull Read but not write
bull Not keeping
bibliographic
information
bull Try to include almost
everything
bull Give to many details
A PHRASE IN NEED
A FRIEND INDEED
httpwwwphrasebankmanche
steracuksourceshtm
Google search - phrasebank
GENERAL RULE
Methodology and or methods
Methodology
bull The study of a
single or multiple
methods
Methods
bull Ways instruments
procedures
employed to
complete the
research objectives
Empirical approach
1bull Population Sample
2
bull Data
bull Variables
3bull Methods
Population and Sample
bull ldquoThe research
population is
represented by all
the European
states rdquo
bull ldquo out of which we
have selected a
number of 24
European Union
members and 6
neighbouring
countries of the EUrdquo
Very very important
Mention if you have excluded
a number of entities from the
sample and motivate why
bull ldquoSome entities were deliberately excluded
from this analysis either on lack of relevant
data or a very different economical situation
leading to outliersrdquo
Data and variables
Source
Description
of data
Mention the
calculus method
Data Variables
Data and datum
Datum = noun singular form
Data = noun plural form
DATAS - Pieces of Data
Do not try to
dribble the
English grammar
Methods section
bull Explain how you have studied the research hypotheses
issues problems etc
bull Identify and structure logically the procedures employed
New method
bull Give precise and correct details
Previously published method
bull Name and cite it
Mathematical method
bull Include the formula
Results amp Discussions
bull Present results in a clear logical
sequence
bull Link findings to the aim of the article
bull WHATrsquoS NEW
bull Discuss findings by reffering to existing
literature
bull Possible implications
bull Also report uncertainties
bull DO NOT SPECULATE JUST REPORT
Results amp Discussions
bull Use tables and figures to support your arguments
bull Provide captions and legends for all your figures and tables
bull Use measure units where appropriate
bull NEVER USE RAW DATA
bull Be parsimonious about tables and figures
bull Never duplicate (same information both in table and in figure)
Results- Statistical issues
1 Descriptive analysis of the variables and
checking assumptions- to check for correctness of the data
- to acquire a feel for the raw data so that you recognize unusual
outcomes in your results
- to check whether the assumptions of the main analysis technique
have been fulfilled to a reasonable level
- to detect and explain of missing data or subjects with unusual
data
Dependent variables Independent
variables
Reporting statistics
bull MeanStandard
Deviation and
percentages are most
clearly presented in
parenthesesldquoThe sample as a whole was
relatively young (M = 1922 SD =
345)rdquo ƒ
bull Never report the
significance level as
p =0000 correct is
p lt0001
bull Chi-square -degrees
of freedom and
sample size in
parentheses followed
by chi-square statistic
(round to two decimal
places) and the
significance level
bull ldquoThe proportion of older male
teachers was 086 whereas the
proportion of younger male
teachers was 052 This difference
is significant (2 N = 167) =
2201 p lt 01rdquo
2
Reporting statistics
bull Correlations are
reported with their
degrees of freedom
(N-2) in parentheses
together with the
significance level in
this way
bull ldquoThe two variables were strongly
correlated r(55) =49 p lt01rdquo
bull ƒ t Tests are reported
with the degrees of
freedom in
parentheses followed
by the t statistic
(rounded to two
decimal places) and
the significance level
bull ldquoThere was a significant effect for
gender t(54) = 543 p lt001 with
men receiving higher scores than
womenrdquo
Reporting statistics
bull Regression results are often best
presented in a table
bull Include the standardized slope (beta)
along with the t-test and the corresponding
significance level
bull ldquoSocial support significantly predicted depression scores beta= -34 t(225)
= 653 p lt01 Social support also explained a significant proportion of
variance in depression scores R2 =12 F(1 225) = 4264 p lt01 rdquo
Tables and figures
Tables
bull Remove grid lines
bull Make sure everything
lines up
bull Keep a reasonable
number of significant
figures
bull Leave out
unnecessary info
Figures
bull Line Graphs-Used to
show trends over
time age
bull Bar Graphs- Used to
compare groups at
one time point
bull Scatter Plots- Used to
show relationships
between two
variables
Tables and figures- Example
Tables and figures
Do-s
bull Labeling
bull Numbering
bull Positioning
bull In-text referencing
bull Larger tables and
figuresmdashplace large
tables or figures in the
appendices
Donrsquot-s
bull Dont restructure data
from an information
source into another
format
bull Dont give extensive
descriptions in your
writing of the contents
of a table or diagram
The information in a
table or diagram tells
its own story
Insights regarding the
Introduction
Comunicates thereseach area
The authorrsquos position
Create the RESEARCH
SPACE
Short structure
bull Establish a territory ndash identify the research topic1
bull Identify a niche ndash issues gaps dilemmas that demand attention
2
bull State what your paper is going to address3
Suggested structure
Ibull Generalization about the topic
II
bull Short insights regarding the topic and or concepts (definitions debates academic conflicts)
IIIbull Find the research issue or gap
IV bull State very clearly the purpose
Vbull Structure of the article
GENERALIZATION ABOUT THE
TOPIC
ldquoConsidered to be one of the most important
contemporary phenomena by the national and
international literature globalization represents
a key research issue within in the academic
fieldrdquo
SHORT INSIGHTS REGARDING THE
TOPIC AND OR CONCEPTS
ldquoUsed as a term for the first time in 1983 in order to
(citation) globalization can be perceived as rdquo
The literature on business cycles acknowledges two
types of cycles the ldquoclassicalrdquo cycle as defined by hellip
(citation) and the one based on deviations or growths
where the underlying idea is that hellip (citation) ldquo
FIND THE RESEARCH ISSUE OR
GAP
ldquoThe main challenge that globalization puts forward
is that of finding alternative methods that can evaluate
its impact on the international economy
an analysis based on the idea that business cycles
synchronization represents a direct effect of
globalization offers the possibility to better grasp the
nature and dynamics of these vast processesrdquo
State very clearly the purpose
bull The present study seeks to
address the following questions
Are there pieces of evidence
regarding the synchronization
of business cycles between
the G7 countries and if this
is proved to be true
Can these seven countries be
considered the promoters of
economic globalization
This paper aims to estimate the synchronization of business cycles
perceived as an effect of globalization on the basis of the relationship
that exists between the growth rate of the GDP and inflows and
outflows of foreign direct investments (FDI) considered as percentage
of the GDP
Tips for writing the
Conclusions
bull Conclusions = the summing-up of an
argument or text
bull From the verb to conclude = to bring or
come to an end to sum up
Suggested structure
I
bull General assessment of the topic
bull Link to the purpose of the paper
II
bull Short and concise remarks regarding the findings
III
bull Contributions of the study
IV
bull Limitations of the research
bull Future research directions
GENERAL ASSESSMENT OF THE TOPIC amp
LINK TO THE PURPOSE OF THE PAPER
ldquoBoth globalization and business cycles are elusive economical
phenomena hence they represents a continuous research puzzle
for the academic community and an inexhaustible source of
possible inquiriesrdquo
ldquoThe main purpose of the research was to assess the business
cycle synchronization patterns inside the G7 in order to better
grasp the transformations that hellipldquo
SHORT AND CONCISE REMARKS
REGARDING THE FINDINGS
ldquoThe study has showed that in general hellip One of the
more important findings that emerge from the research
is fact that hellipThe second major finding is that hellip thus it
highlights the cases of hellip previously discussed It can
also be said that helliprdquo
CONTRIBUTIONS OF THE STUDY
ldquoThe contribution of the research founded on the
existence of resides in the explanation of and
also the Another implication of the present paper is
that it highlights the importance rdquo
ldquoThe novelty of the study is the use the ltlt X gtgt method
in order to study the helliprdquo
LIMITATIONS amp FUTURE RESEARCH
DIRECTIONS
ldquoThe future directions of study
will aim to enlarge the sample
and employ if possible
additional variables and
quarterly datardquo
ldquoThe limitations of the research
derive from therdquo
bull sample size
bull variables employed
bull types of data (annual
quarterly etc)
bull methods
bull time span
Connection with the future study
direction
Abstract
bull Summarizes the research and the conclusions
bull Is your advertisment = rdquoSellsrdquo your work
bull 50-300 words (200 typical length) (Refer to
author guidelines)
bull Stand-alone (NO references)
bull Indicates usefulness
bull Targets the audience
Writing the abstract-Long version
Originalityvalue
Research limitationsimplications
Findings
Designmethodologyapproach
Purpose
bullBased on the Emerald Structured Abstract
Writing the abstract-Short version
The Findings
The Arguments
The Purpose
Fancy title
bull Academic Titles Have Three Parts
bull (A) A catchy hook that introduces the
paper in a creative way
bull (B) Specific keywords that identify the
concepts the scholar will be exploring
bull (C) The location where those keywords
will be explored
bull 8-15 words
bull Main themeresearch topic research
design + population + geographical area
Fancy title- Examples
bull Globalization versus Segregation-Business Cycles
Synchronization in Europe
bull Is trade a vector of business cycles synchronization A
Fuzzy Cluster Approach of Globalization
bull Leaders and Followers in the Business Cycle Game A
Case Study of the G7
bull Hard or fuzzy clusters in assessing business cycle
transmission
bull The reverse alchemy of the business cycle
References section
In-text citations
All the cited
works compose
the Reference
List
Types of in-text citation
bull Varies from
Journal to Journal
bull Always check the
Authorrsquos
Guidelines
bull MS Office offers
APA
Harvard
Chicago
IEEE (reference order)
ISO 690 (Numerical
reference)
Includes only the
works cited in the
paper
Contains papers
read not
necessary cited
What makes good writing
Having something
to say
Logical thinking
A few simple
learnable rules of
style
Writing- Tips and tricks
Read pay attention and imitate
Talk about your research before trying to write about it
Stop waiting for ldquoinspirationrdquo
Revise Nobody gets it perfect on the first try
Learn how to cut ruthlessly Never become too attached to your words
Drop the balast
bull 1 Cut unnecessary words and phrases
bull 2 Write with verbs use strong verbs
avoid turning verbs into nouns and donrsquot
bury the main verb
The BAD Writing Contest
bull The move from a structuralist account in which capital is
understood to structure social relations in relatively homologous
ways to a view of hegemony in which power relations are subject to
repetition convergence and rearticulation brought the question of
temporality into the thinking of structure and marked a shift from a
form of Althusserian theory that takes structural totalities as
theoretical objects to one in which the insights into the contingent
possibility of structure inaugurate a renewed conception of
hegemony as bound up with the contingent sites and strategies of
the rearticulation of power
bull Butlerrsquos Diacritics (1997)
Balast to drop-Examples
1 Dead weight words and
phrases
bull As it is well known
bull As it has been shown
bull It can be regarded that
bull It should be emphasized
that
2 Empty words and
phrases
bull methodologic
bull important
3 Long words or phrases
that could be short
4 Unnecessary jargon
and acronyms
5 Repetitive words or
phrases
6 Adverbs
bull very really quite
basically generally etc
Substitute damn every time
youre inclined to write very
your editor will delete it and the
writing will be just as it should
be(Mark Twain)
Active vs Passive voice
Passive voice (Was done)
bull For previous studies
bull Literature reviewActive voice (I We did)
bull For new exciting own results
bull Original research
Verbs make the World go round
Donrsquot turn verbs into
nouns
Donrsquot bury the
main verb
Writing Environment
bull MS Word
bull Developed for average
users
bull WYSIWYG
bull Auto references
bull Thesaurus
bull LaTeX
bull Developed for
profesionals
bull Requires learning the
syntax
bull Latex makes difficult
things easy and easy
things very difficult
bull Prefered by publishers
LaTeX
Tables and figures
Tables
bull Most journals use three
horizontal lines one
above the column
headings one below the
column headings and
one below the data
bull Follow journal guidelines
bull DO NOT copy-paste
result tables directly from
software
Figures
bull Visual impact
bull Show trends and patterns
bull Tell a quick story
bull Tell the whole story
bull Highlight a particular
result
bull Always provide caption
bull Use high resolution (1000
dpi BampW 300 dpi color)
Tables-Examples
Figures- Examples
Final draft check-list
bull Check for consistency
bull Check for numerical consistencybull Do the numbers in your abstract match the numbers in your
tablesfigurestext
bull Do the numbers in the text match those in the tablesfigures
bull Do the numbers in each tablefigure match those in other tablesfigures
bull Check your references style
bull Check your overall style
Submission information
bull Authorship
This can be a point of contention when
writing in groups so establish
expectations for roles and responsibilities
early in the writing process
bull Permissions and Approvals
bull permissions for reprinting copyrighted
material
bull Ethical Considerations
Plagiarism amp Self- plagiarism
bull Passing off other
peoplersquos writing (or
tables and figures) as
your own
bull cutting and pasting
sentences or even
phrases from another
source
bull slightly rewriting or re-
arranging othersrsquo
words
Recycling your own
writing or data
bull Copying or only
slightly rewriting text
from your own
published papers
bull Adding new data to
already published
data and presenting it
as new results
Submitting identical or overlapping data to multiple journals
Submission checklist
bull Keywords
bull JEL Codes
bull All figure captions
bull All tables (including title description)
bull Manuscript has been spell-checked and grammar-
checked
bull References are in the correct format for this journal
bull All references mentioned in the Reference list are cited
in the text and vice versa
bull Permission has been obtained for use of copyrighted
material from other sources (including the Web)
Cover letter
Put the puzzle together
LOGO
Thank You
Bibliography
bull Jaba E (2002) Statistica Editura Economică București
bull Day A amp Peters A D (1996) How to get research published in journals Aldershot
Gower
bull Academic Writing and Research Skills Workshop Mancester University
bull APA Research Style Crib Sheet by Professor Russ Dewey amp Dr Abel Scribe PhD -
Fall 2007
bull Writing Articles for Peer-Review Publications A Quick Reference Guide
bull Chin B (2004) How to write a great research paper John Wiley amp Sons
bull Pieter M Kroonenberg (2007)How to write an article Leiden University
bull Daniel P J Soule Lucy Whiteley and Shona McIntosh Writing for Scholarly
Journals eSharp
bull Stephen E Dew (2013)The 5 Step Essay Writing Process
bull Kristin Sainani Writing in the Sciences Stanford University
bull httpwebupaczasitefilesfile40753writing_an_academic_journal_articlepdf
bull Sebastian-Florian Enea Silvia Palașcă Claudiu Țigănaș (2013) G7 COUNTRIES ndash
ADVOCATES OF THE GLOBAL BUSINESS CYCLE GEBA 2013 Iași
bull Enea Sebastian (2013) EVALUATING GLOBALIZATION BY MEANS OF FUZZY
CLUSTER ANALYSIS IE Bucharest
bull Oxford Dictionary httpwwwoxforddictionariescom
New article structure
Literaturereview
Methods
Results
Introduction
Conclusions
Abstract
Fancy title
Referencelist
Literature review
2 Reasons
Not re-inventing the
wheel
Position yourcurrent
research
Structure of LR
Introduction
bull Generalization
bull Widely known information
bull OR
bull State controversy
Main body
bull Presentpreviousworks
bull Choose an order
bull Use linkages
Endingremarks
bull Summarisethe mainfindings
bull Position yourpaper
Examples
bull In the last two or three decades the emphasis put on the
process of economic globalization has shifted the
analysisrsquo focus towards an international level
bull The international literature focused mainly on analyzing
the GDP as an absolute variable or as a growth rate
(Krolzig 2003) (Li amp Liu 2004) and its connections with
hellip proposed by Frankel and Rose (1998) further
developed by Imbs (2004)
bull As a general remark the IL considers that the complex
process of economic globalization should bring a higher
degree of business cycles synchronization
Good vs Bad
bull Remember the
purpose
bull Read about purpose
bull Write within the
purpose
bull Try to read everything
bull Read but not write
bull Not keeping
bibliographic
information
bull Try to include almost
everything
bull Give to many details
A PHRASE IN NEED
A FRIEND INDEED
httpwwwphrasebankmanche
steracuksourceshtm
Google search - phrasebank
GENERAL RULE
Methodology and or methods
Methodology
bull The study of a
single or multiple
methods
Methods
bull Ways instruments
procedures
employed to
complete the
research objectives
Empirical approach
1bull Population Sample
2
bull Data
bull Variables
3bull Methods
Population and Sample
bull ldquoThe research
population is
represented by all
the European
states rdquo
bull ldquo out of which we
have selected a
number of 24
European Union
members and 6
neighbouring
countries of the EUrdquo
Very very important
Mention if you have excluded
a number of entities from the
sample and motivate why
bull ldquoSome entities were deliberately excluded
from this analysis either on lack of relevant
data or a very different economical situation
leading to outliersrdquo
Data and variables
Source
Description
of data
Mention the
calculus method
Data Variables
Data and datum
Datum = noun singular form
Data = noun plural form
DATAS - Pieces of Data
Do not try to
dribble the
English grammar
Methods section
bull Explain how you have studied the research hypotheses
issues problems etc
bull Identify and structure logically the procedures employed
New method
bull Give precise and correct details
Previously published method
bull Name and cite it
Mathematical method
bull Include the formula
Results amp Discussions
bull Present results in a clear logical
sequence
bull Link findings to the aim of the article
bull WHATrsquoS NEW
bull Discuss findings by reffering to existing
literature
bull Possible implications
bull Also report uncertainties
bull DO NOT SPECULATE JUST REPORT
Results amp Discussions
bull Use tables and figures to support your arguments
bull Provide captions and legends for all your figures and tables
bull Use measure units where appropriate
bull NEVER USE RAW DATA
bull Be parsimonious about tables and figures
bull Never duplicate (same information both in table and in figure)
Results- Statistical issues
1 Descriptive analysis of the variables and
checking assumptions- to check for correctness of the data
- to acquire a feel for the raw data so that you recognize unusual
outcomes in your results
- to check whether the assumptions of the main analysis technique
have been fulfilled to a reasonable level
- to detect and explain of missing data or subjects with unusual
data
Dependent variables Independent
variables
Reporting statistics
bull MeanStandard
Deviation and
percentages are most
clearly presented in
parenthesesldquoThe sample as a whole was
relatively young (M = 1922 SD =
345)rdquo ƒ
bull Never report the
significance level as
p =0000 correct is
p lt0001
bull Chi-square -degrees
of freedom and
sample size in
parentheses followed
by chi-square statistic
(round to two decimal
places) and the
significance level
bull ldquoThe proportion of older male
teachers was 086 whereas the
proportion of younger male
teachers was 052 This difference
is significant (2 N = 167) =
2201 p lt 01rdquo
2
Reporting statistics
bull Correlations are
reported with their
degrees of freedom
(N-2) in parentheses
together with the
significance level in
this way
bull ldquoThe two variables were strongly
correlated r(55) =49 p lt01rdquo
bull ƒ t Tests are reported
with the degrees of
freedom in
parentheses followed
by the t statistic
(rounded to two
decimal places) and
the significance level
bull ldquoThere was a significant effect for
gender t(54) = 543 p lt001 with
men receiving higher scores than
womenrdquo
Reporting statistics
bull Regression results are often best
presented in a table
bull Include the standardized slope (beta)
along with the t-test and the corresponding
significance level
bull ldquoSocial support significantly predicted depression scores beta= -34 t(225)
= 653 p lt01 Social support also explained a significant proportion of
variance in depression scores R2 =12 F(1 225) = 4264 p lt01 rdquo
Tables and figures
Tables
bull Remove grid lines
bull Make sure everything
lines up
bull Keep a reasonable
number of significant
figures
bull Leave out
unnecessary info
Figures
bull Line Graphs-Used to
show trends over
time age
bull Bar Graphs- Used to
compare groups at
one time point
bull Scatter Plots- Used to
show relationships
between two
variables
Tables and figures- Example
Tables and figures
Do-s
bull Labeling
bull Numbering
bull Positioning
bull In-text referencing
bull Larger tables and
figuresmdashplace large
tables or figures in the
appendices
Donrsquot-s
bull Dont restructure data
from an information
source into another
format
bull Dont give extensive
descriptions in your
writing of the contents
of a table or diagram
The information in a
table or diagram tells
its own story
Insights regarding the
Introduction
Comunicates thereseach area
The authorrsquos position
Create the RESEARCH
SPACE
Short structure
bull Establish a territory ndash identify the research topic1
bull Identify a niche ndash issues gaps dilemmas that demand attention
2
bull State what your paper is going to address3
Suggested structure
Ibull Generalization about the topic
II
bull Short insights regarding the topic and or concepts (definitions debates academic conflicts)
IIIbull Find the research issue or gap
IV bull State very clearly the purpose
Vbull Structure of the article
GENERALIZATION ABOUT THE
TOPIC
ldquoConsidered to be one of the most important
contemporary phenomena by the national and
international literature globalization represents
a key research issue within in the academic
fieldrdquo
SHORT INSIGHTS REGARDING THE
TOPIC AND OR CONCEPTS
ldquoUsed as a term for the first time in 1983 in order to
(citation) globalization can be perceived as rdquo
The literature on business cycles acknowledges two
types of cycles the ldquoclassicalrdquo cycle as defined by hellip
(citation) and the one based on deviations or growths
where the underlying idea is that hellip (citation) ldquo
FIND THE RESEARCH ISSUE OR
GAP
ldquoThe main challenge that globalization puts forward
is that of finding alternative methods that can evaluate
its impact on the international economy
an analysis based on the idea that business cycles
synchronization represents a direct effect of
globalization offers the possibility to better grasp the
nature and dynamics of these vast processesrdquo
State very clearly the purpose
bull The present study seeks to
address the following questions
Are there pieces of evidence
regarding the synchronization
of business cycles between
the G7 countries and if this
is proved to be true
Can these seven countries be
considered the promoters of
economic globalization
This paper aims to estimate the synchronization of business cycles
perceived as an effect of globalization on the basis of the relationship
that exists between the growth rate of the GDP and inflows and
outflows of foreign direct investments (FDI) considered as percentage
of the GDP
Tips for writing the
Conclusions
bull Conclusions = the summing-up of an
argument or text
bull From the verb to conclude = to bring or
come to an end to sum up
Suggested structure
I
bull General assessment of the topic
bull Link to the purpose of the paper
II
bull Short and concise remarks regarding the findings
III
bull Contributions of the study
IV
bull Limitations of the research
bull Future research directions
GENERAL ASSESSMENT OF THE TOPIC amp
LINK TO THE PURPOSE OF THE PAPER
ldquoBoth globalization and business cycles are elusive economical
phenomena hence they represents a continuous research puzzle
for the academic community and an inexhaustible source of
possible inquiriesrdquo
ldquoThe main purpose of the research was to assess the business
cycle synchronization patterns inside the G7 in order to better
grasp the transformations that hellipldquo
SHORT AND CONCISE REMARKS
REGARDING THE FINDINGS
ldquoThe study has showed that in general hellip One of the
more important findings that emerge from the research
is fact that hellipThe second major finding is that hellip thus it
highlights the cases of hellip previously discussed It can
also be said that helliprdquo
CONTRIBUTIONS OF THE STUDY
ldquoThe contribution of the research founded on the
existence of resides in the explanation of and
also the Another implication of the present paper is
that it highlights the importance rdquo
ldquoThe novelty of the study is the use the ltlt X gtgt method
in order to study the helliprdquo
LIMITATIONS amp FUTURE RESEARCH
DIRECTIONS
ldquoThe future directions of study
will aim to enlarge the sample
and employ if possible
additional variables and
quarterly datardquo
ldquoThe limitations of the research
derive from therdquo
bull sample size
bull variables employed
bull types of data (annual
quarterly etc)
bull methods
bull time span
Connection with the future study
direction
Abstract
bull Summarizes the research and the conclusions
bull Is your advertisment = rdquoSellsrdquo your work
bull 50-300 words (200 typical length) (Refer to
author guidelines)
bull Stand-alone (NO references)
bull Indicates usefulness
bull Targets the audience
Writing the abstract-Long version
Originalityvalue
Research limitationsimplications
Findings
Designmethodologyapproach
Purpose
bullBased on the Emerald Structured Abstract
Writing the abstract-Short version
The Findings
The Arguments
The Purpose
Fancy title
bull Academic Titles Have Three Parts
bull (A) A catchy hook that introduces the
paper in a creative way
bull (B) Specific keywords that identify the
concepts the scholar will be exploring
bull (C) The location where those keywords
will be explored
bull 8-15 words
bull Main themeresearch topic research
design + population + geographical area
Fancy title- Examples
bull Globalization versus Segregation-Business Cycles
Synchronization in Europe
bull Is trade a vector of business cycles synchronization A
Fuzzy Cluster Approach of Globalization
bull Leaders and Followers in the Business Cycle Game A
Case Study of the G7
bull Hard or fuzzy clusters in assessing business cycle
transmission
bull The reverse alchemy of the business cycle
References section
In-text citations
All the cited
works compose
the Reference
List
Types of in-text citation
bull Varies from
Journal to Journal
bull Always check the
Authorrsquos
Guidelines
bull MS Office offers
APA
Harvard
Chicago
IEEE (reference order)
ISO 690 (Numerical
reference)
Includes only the
works cited in the
paper
Contains papers
read not
necessary cited
What makes good writing
Having something
to say
Logical thinking
A few simple
learnable rules of
style
Writing- Tips and tricks
Read pay attention and imitate
Talk about your research before trying to write about it
Stop waiting for ldquoinspirationrdquo
Revise Nobody gets it perfect on the first try
Learn how to cut ruthlessly Never become too attached to your words
Drop the balast
bull 1 Cut unnecessary words and phrases
bull 2 Write with verbs use strong verbs
avoid turning verbs into nouns and donrsquot
bury the main verb
The BAD Writing Contest
bull The move from a structuralist account in which capital is
understood to structure social relations in relatively homologous
ways to a view of hegemony in which power relations are subject to
repetition convergence and rearticulation brought the question of
temporality into the thinking of structure and marked a shift from a
form of Althusserian theory that takes structural totalities as
theoretical objects to one in which the insights into the contingent
possibility of structure inaugurate a renewed conception of
hegemony as bound up with the contingent sites and strategies of
the rearticulation of power
bull Butlerrsquos Diacritics (1997)
Balast to drop-Examples
1 Dead weight words and
phrases
bull As it is well known
bull As it has been shown
bull It can be regarded that
bull It should be emphasized
that
2 Empty words and
phrases
bull methodologic
bull important
3 Long words or phrases
that could be short
4 Unnecessary jargon
and acronyms
5 Repetitive words or
phrases
6 Adverbs
bull very really quite
basically generally etc
Substitute damn every time
youre inclined to write very
your editor will delete it and the
writing will be just as it should
be(Mark Twain)
Active vs Passive voice
Passive voice (Was done)
bull For previous studies
bull Literature reviewActive voice (I We did)
bull For new exciting own results
bull Original research
Verbs make the World go round
Donrsquot turn verbs into
nouns
Donrsquot bury the
main verb
Writing Environment
bull MS Word
bull Developed for average
users
bull WYSIWYG
bull Auto references
bull Thesaurus
bull LaTeX
bull Developed for
profesionals
bull Requires learning the
syntax
bull Latex makes difficult
things easy and easy
things very difficult
bull Prefered by publishers
LaTeX
Tables and figures
Tables
bull Most journals use three
horizontal lines one
above the column
headings one below the
column headings and
one below the data
bull Follow journal guidelines
bull DO NOT copy-paste
result tables directly from
software
Figures
bull Visual impact
bull Show trends and patterns
bull Tell a quick story
bull Tell the whole story
bull Highlight a particular
result
bull Always provide caption
bull Use high resolution (1000
dpi BampW 300 dpi color)
Tables-Examples
Figures- Examples
Final draft check-list
bull Check for consistency
bull Check for numerical consistencybull Do the numbers in your abstract match the numbers in your
tablesfigurestext
bull Do the numbers in the text match those in the tablesfigures
bull Do the numbers in each tablefigure match those in other tablesfigures
bull Check your references style
bull Check your overall style
Submission information
bull Authorship
This can be a point of contention when
writing in groups so establish
expectations for roles and responsibilities
early in the writing process
bull Permissions and Approvals
bull permissions for reprinting copyrighted
material
bull Ethical Considerations
Plagiarism amp Self- plagiarism
bull Passing off other
peoplersquos writing (or
tables and figures) as
your own
bull cutting and pasting
sentences or even
phrases from another
source
bull slightly rewriting or re-
arranging othersrsquo
words
Recycling your own
writing or data
bull Copying or only
slightly rewriting text
from your own
published papers
bull Adding new data to
already published
data and presenting it
as new results
Submitting identical or overlapping data to multiple journals
Submission checklist
bull Keywords
bull JEL Codes
bull All figure captions
bull All tables (including title description)
bull Manuscript has been spell-checked and grammar-
checked
bull References are in the correct format for this journal
bull All references mentioned in the Reference list are cited
in the text and vice versa
bull Permission has been obtained for use of copyrighted
material from other sources (including the Web)
Cover letter
Put the puzzle together
LOGO
Thank You
Bibliography
bull Jaba E (2002) Statistica Editura Economică București
bull Day A amp Peters A D (1996) How to get research published in journals Aldershot
Gower
bull Academic Writing and Research Skills Workshop Mancester University
bull APA Research Style Crib Sheet by Professor Russ Dewey amp Dr Abel Scribe PhD -
Fall 2007
bull Writing Articles for Peer-Review Publications A Quick Reference Guide
bull Chin B (2004) How to write a great research paper John Wiley amp Sons
bull Pieter M Kroonenberg (2007)How to write an article Leiden University
bull Daniel P J Soule Lucy Whiteley and Shona McIntosh Writing for Scholarly
Journals eSharp
bull Stephen E Dew (2013)The 5 Step Essay Writing Process
bull Kristin Sainani Writing in the Sciences Stanford University
bull httpwebupaczasitefilesfile40753writing_an_academic_journal_articlepdf
bull Sebastian-Florian Enea Silvia Palașcă Claudiu Țigănaș (2013) G7 COUNTRIES ndash
ADVOCATES OF THE GLOBAL BUSINESS CYCLE GEBA 2013 Iași
bull Enea Sebastian (2013) EVALUATING GLOBALIZATION BY MEANS OF FUZZY
CLUSTER ANALYSIS IE Bucharest
bull Oxford Dictionary httpwwwoxforddictionariescom
Literature review
2 Reasons
Not re-inventing the
wheel
Position yourcurrent
research
Structure of LR
Introduction
bull Generalization
bull Widely known information
bull OR
bull State controversy
Main body
bull Presentpreviousworks
bull Choose an order
bull Use linkages
Endingremarks
bull Summarisethe mainfindings
bull Position yourpaper
Examples
bull In the last two or three decades the emphasis put on the
process of economic globalization has shifted the
analysisrsquo focus towards an international level
bull The international literature focused mainly on analyzing
the GDP as an absolute variable or as a growth rate
(Krolzig 2003) (Li amp Liu 2004) and its connections with
hellip proposed by Frankel and Rose (1998) further
developed by Imbs (2004)
bull As a general remark the IL considers that the complex
process of economic globalization should bring a higher
degree of business cycles synchronization
Good vs Bad
bull Remember the
purpose
bull Read about purpose
bull Write within the
purpose
bull Try to read everything
bull Read but not write
bull Not keeping
bibliographic
information
bull Try to include almost
everything
bull Give to many details
A PHRASE IN NEED
A FRIEND INDEED
httpwwwphrasebankmanche
steracuksourceshtm
Google search - phrasebank
GENERAL RULE
Methodology and or methods
Methodology
bull The study of a
single or multiple
methods
Methods
bull Ways instruments
procedures
employed to
complete the
research objectives
Empirical approach
1bull Population Sample
2
bull Data
bull Variables
3bull Methods
Population and Sample
bull ldquoThe research
population is
represented by all
the European
states rdquo
bull ldquo out of which we
have selected a
number of 24
European Union
members and 6
neighbouring
countries of the EUrdquo
Very very important
Mention if you have excluded
a number of entities from the
sample and motivate why
bull ldquoSome entities were deliberately excluded
from this analysis either on lack of relevant
data or a very different economical situation
leading to outliersrdquo
Data and variables
Source
Description
of data
Mention the
calculus method
Data Variables
Data and datum
Datum = noun singular form
Data = noun plural form
DATAS - Pieces of Data
Do not try to
dribble the
English grammar
Methods section
bull Explain how you have studied the research hypotheses
issues problems etc
bull Identify and structure logically the procedures employed
New method
bull Give precise and correct details
Previously published method
bull Name and cite it
Mathematical method
bull Include the formula
Results amp Discussions
bull Present results in a clear logical
sequence
bull Link findings to the aim of the article
bull WHATrsquoS NEW
bull Discuss findings by reffering to existing
literature
bull Possible implications
bull Also report uncertainties
bull DO NOT SPECULATE JUST REPORT
Results amp Discussions
bull Use tables and figures to support your arguments
bull Provide captions and legends for all your figures and tables
bull Use measure units where appropriate
bull NEVER USE RAW DATA
bull Be parsimonious about tables and figures
bull Never duplicate (same information both in table and in figure)
Results- Statistical issues
1 Descriptive analysis of the variables and
checking assumptions- to check for correctness of the data
- to acquire a feel for the raw data so that you recognize unusual
outcomes in your results
- to check whether the assumptions of the main analysis technique
have been fulfilled to a reasonable level
- to detect and explain of missing data or subjects with unusual
data
Dependent variables Independent
variables
Reporting statistics
bull MeanStandard
Deviation and
percentages are most
clearly presented in
parenthesesldquoThe sample as a whole was
relatively young (M = 1922 SD =
345)rdquo ƒ
bull Never report the
significance level as
p =0000 correct is
p lt0001
bull Chi-square -degrees
of freedom and
sample size in
parentheses followed
by chi-square statistic
(round to two decimal
places) and the
significance level
bull ldquoThe proportion of older male
teachers was 086 whereas the
proportion of younger male
teachers was 052 This difference
is significant (2 N = 167) =
2201 p lt 01rdquo
2
Reporting statistics
bull Correlations are
reported with their
degrees of freedom
(N-2) in parentheses
together with the
significance level in
this way
bull ldquoThe two variables were strongly
correlated r(55) =49 p lt01rdquo
bull ƒ t Tests are reported
with the degrees of
freedom in
parentheses followed
by the t statistic
(rounded to two
decimal places) and
the significance level
bull ldquoThere was a significant effect for
gender t(54) = 543 p lt001 with
men receiving higher scores than
womenrdquo
Reporting statistics
bull Regression results are often best
presented in a table
bull Include the standardized slope (beta)
along with the t-test and the corresponding
significance level
bull ldquoSocial support significantly predicted depression scores beta= -34 t(225)
= 653 p lt01 Social support also explained a significant proportion of
variance in depression scores R2 =12 F(1 225) = 4264 p lt01 rdquo
Tables and figures
Tables
bull Remove grid lines
bull Make sure everything
lines up
bull Keep a reasonable
number of significant
figures
bull Leave out
unnecessary info
Figures
bull Line Graphs-Used to
show trends over
time age
bull Bar Graphs- Used to
compare groups at
one time point
bull Scatter Plots- Used to
show relationships
between two
variables
Tables and figures- Example
Tables and figures
Do-s
bull Labeling
bull Numbering
bull Positioning
bull In-text referencing
bull Larger tables and
figuresmdashplace large
tables or figures in the
appendices
Donrsquot-s
bull Dont restructure data
from an information
source into another
format
bull Dont give extensive
descriptions in your
writing of the contents
of a table or diagram
The information in a
table or diagram tells
its own story
Insights regarding the
Introduction
Comunicates thereseach area
The authorrsquos position
Create the RESEARCH
SPACE
Short structure
bull Establish a territory ndash identify the research topic1
bull Identify a niche ndash issues gaps dilemmas that demand attention
2
bull State what your paper is going to address3
Suggested structure
Ibull Generalization about the topic
II
bull Short insights regarding the topic and or concepts (definitions debates academic conflicts)
IIIbull Find the research issue or gap
IV bull State very clearly the purpose
Vbull Structure of the article
GENERALIZATION ABOUT THE
TOPIC
ldquoConsidered to be one of the most important
contemporary phenomena by the national and
international literature globalization represents
a key research issue within in the academic
fieldrdquo
SHORT INSIGHTS REGARDING THE
TOPIC AND OR CONCEPTS
ldquoUsed as a term for the first time in 1983 in order to
(citation) globalization can be perceived as rdquo
The literature on business cycles acknowledges two
types of cycles the ldquoclassicalrdquo cycle as defined by hellip
(citation) and the one based on deviations or growths
where the underlying idea is that hellip (citation) ldquo
FIND THE RESEARCH ISSUE OR
GAP
ldquoThe main challenge that globalization puts forward
is that of finding alternative methods that can evaluate
its impact on the international economy
an analysis based on the idea that business cycles
synchronization represents a direct effect of
globalization offers the possibility to better grasp the
nature and dynamics of these vast processesrdquo
State very clearly the purpose
bull The present study seeks to
address the following questions
Are there pieces of evidence
regarding the synchronization
of business cycles between
the G7 countries and if this
is proved to be true
Can these seven countries be
considered the promoters of
economic globalization
This paper aims to estimate the synchronization of business cycles
perceived as an effect of globalization on the basis of the relationship
that exists between the growth rate of the GDP and inflows and
outflows of foreign direct investments (FDI) considered as percentage
of the GDP
Tips for writing the
Conclusions
bull Conclusions = the summing-up of an
argument or text
bull From the verb to conclude = to bring or
come to an end to sum up
Suggested structure
I
bull General assessment of the topic
bull Link to the purpose of the paper
II
bull Short and concise remarks regarding the findings
III
bull Contributions of the study
IV
bull Limitations of the research
bull Future research directions
GENERAL ASSESSMENT OF THE TOPIC amp
LINK TO THE PURPOSE OF THE PAPER
ldquoBoth globalization and business cycles are elusive economical
phenomena hence they represents a continuous research puzzle
for the academic community and an inexhaustible source of
possible inquiriesrdquo
ldquoThe main purpose of the research was to assess the business
cycle synchronization patterns inside the G7 in order to better
grasp the transformations that hellipldquo
SHORT AND CONCISE REMARKS
REGARDING THE FINDINGS
ldquoThe study has showed that in general hellip One of the
more important findings that emerge from the research
is fact that hellipThe second major finding is that hellip thus it
highlights the cases of hellip previously discussed It can
also be said that helliprdquo
CONTRIBUTIONS OF THE STUDY
ldquoThe contribution of the research founded on the
existence of resides in the explanation of and
also the Another implication of the present paper is
that it highlights the importance rdquo
ldquoThe novelty of the study is the use the ltlt X gtgt method
in order to study the helliprdquo
LIMITATIONS amp FUTURE RESEARCH
DIRECTIONS
ldquoThe future directions of study
will aim to enlarge the sample
and employ if possible
additional variables and
quarterly datardquo
ldquoThe limitations of the research
derive from therdquo
bull sample size
bull variables employed
bull types of data (annual
quarterly etc)
bull methods
bull time span
Connection with the future study
direction
Abstract
bull Summarizes the research and the conclusions
bull Is your advertisment = rdquoSellsrdquo your work
bull 50-300 words (200 typical length) (Refer to
author guidelines)
bull Stand-alone (NO references)
bull Indicates usefulness
bull Targets the audience
Writing the abstract-Long version
Originalityvalue
Research limitationsimplications
Findings
Designmethodologyapproach
Purpose
bullBased on the Emerald Structured Abstract
Writing the abstract-Short version
The Findings
The Arguments
The Purpose
Fancy title
bull Academic Titles Have Three Parts
bull (A) A catchy hook that introduces the
paper in a creative way
bull (B) Specific keywords that identify the
concepts the scholar will be exploring
bull (C) The location where those keywords
will be explored
bull 8-15 words
bull Main themeresearch topic research
design + population + geographical area
Fancy title- Examples
bull Globalization versus Segregation-Business Cycles
Synchronization in Europe
bull Is trade a vector of business cycles synchronization A
Fuzzy Cluster Approach of Globalization
bull Leaders and Followers in the Business Cycle Game A
Case Study of the G7
bull Hard or fuzzy clusters in assessing business cycle
transmission
bull The reverse alchemy of the business cycle
References section
In-text citations
All the cited
works compose
the Reference
List
Types of in-text citation
bull Varies from
Journal to Journal
bull Always check the
Authorrsquos
Guidelines
bull MS Office offers
APA
Harvard
Chicago
IEEE (reference order)
ISO 690 (Numerical
reference)
Includes only the
works cited in the
paper
Contains papers
read not
necessary cited
What makes good writing
Having something
to say
Logical thinking
A few simple
learnable rules of
style
Writing- Tips and tricks
Read pay attention and imitate
Talk about your research before trying to write about it
Stop waiting for ldquoinspirationrdquo
Revise Nobody gets it perfect on the first try
Learn how to cut ruthlessly Never become too attached to your words
Drop the balast
bull 1 Cut unnecessary words and phrases
bull 2 Write with verbs use strong verbs
avoid turning verbs into nouns and donrsquot
bury the main verb
The BAD Writing Contest
bull The move from a structuralist account in which capital is
understood to structure social relations in relatively homologous
ways to a view of hegemony in which power relations are subject to
repetition convergence and rearticulation brought the question of
temporality into the thinking of structure and marked a shift from a
form of Althusserian theory that takes structural totalities as
theoretical objects to one in which the insights into the contingent
possibility of structure inaugurate a renewed conception of
hegemony as bound up with the contingent sites and strategies of
the rearticulation of power
bull Butlerrsquos Diacritics (1997)
Balast to drop-Examples
1 Dead weight words and
phrases
bull As it is well known
bull As it has been shown
bull It can be regarded that
bull It should be emphasized
that
2 Empty words and
phrases
bull methodologic
bull important
3 Long words or phrases
that could be short
4 Unnecessary jargon
and acronyms
5 Repetitive words or
phrases
6 Adverbs
bull very really quite
basically generally etc
Substitute damn every time
youre inclined to write very
your editor will delete it and the
writing will be just as it should
be(Mark Twain)
Active vs Passive voice
Passive voice (Was done)
bull For previous studies
bull Literature reviewActive voice (I We did)
bull For new exciting own results
bull Original research
Verbs make the World go round
Donrsquot turn verbs into
nouns
Donrsquot bury the
main verb
Writing Environment
bull MS Word
bull Developed for average
users
bull WYSIWYG
bull Auto references
bull Thesaurus
bull LaTeX
bull Developed for
profesionals
bull Requires learning the
syntax
bull Latex makes difficult
things easy and easy
things very difficult
bull Prefered by publishers
LaTeX
Tables and figures
Tables
bull Most journals use three
horizontal lines one
above the column
headings one below the
column headings and
one below the data
bull Follow journal guidelines
bull DO NOT copy-paste
result tables directly from
software
Figures
bull Visual impact
bull Show trends and patterns
bull Tell a quick story
bull Tell the whole story
bull Highlight a particular
result
bull Always provide caption
bull Use high resolution (1000
dpi BampW 300 dpi color)
Tables-Examples
Figures- Examples
Final draft check-list
bull Check for consistency
bull Check for numerical consistencybull Do the numbers in your abstract match the numbers in your
tablesfigurestext
bull Do the numbers in the text match those in the tablesfigures
bull Do the numbers in each tablefigure match those in other tablesfigures
bull Check your references style
bull Check your overall style
Submission information
bull Authorship
This can be a point of contention when
writing in groups so establish
expectations for roles and responsibilities
early in the writing process
bull Permissions and Approvals
bull permissions for reprinting copyrighted
material
bull Ethical Considerations
Plagiarism amp Self- plagiarism
bull Passing off other
peoplersquos writing (or
tables and figures) as
your own
bull cutting and pasting
sentences or even
phrases from another
source
bull slightly rewriting or re-
arranging othersrsquo
words
Recycling your own
writing or data
bull Copying or only
slightly rewriting text
from your own
published papers
bull Adding new data to
already published
data and presenting it
as new results
Submitting identical or overlapping data to multiple journals
Submission checklist
bull Keywords
bull JEL Codes
bull All figure captions
bull All tables (including title description)
bull Manuscript has been spell-checked and grammar-
checked
bull References are in the correct format for this journal
bull All references mentioned in the Reference list are cited
in the text and vice versa
bull Permission has been obtained for use of copyrighted
material from other sources (including the Web)
Cover letter
Put the puzzle together
LOGO
Thank You
Bibliography
bull Jaba E (2002) Statistica Editura Economică București
bull Day A amp Peters A D (1996) How to get research published in journals Aldershot
Gower
bull Academic Writing and Research Skills Workshop Mancester University
bull APA Research Style Crib Sheet by Professor Russ Dewey amp Dr Abel Scribe PhD -
Fall 2007
bull Writing Articles for Peer-Review Publications A Quick Reference Guide
bull Chin B (2004) How to write a great research paper John Wiley amp Sons
bull Pieter M Kroonenberg (2007)How to write an article Leiden University
bull Daniel P J Soule Lucy Whiteley and Shona McIntosh Writing for Scholarly
Journals eSharp
bull Stephen E Dew (2013)The 5 Step Essay Writing Process
bull Kristin Sainani Writing in the Sciences Stanford University
bull httpwebupaczasitefilesfile40753writing_an_academic_journal_articlepdf
bull Sebastian-Florian Enea Silvia Palașcă Claudiu Țigănaș (2013) G7 COUNTRIES ndash
ADVOCATES OF THE GLOBAL BUSINESS CYCLE GEBA 2013 Iași
bull Enea Sebastian (2013) EVALUATING GLOBALIZATION BY MEANS OF FUZZY
CLUSTER ANALYSIS IE Bucharest
bull Oxford Dictionary httpwwwoxforddictionariescom
Structure of LR
Introduction
bull Generalization
bull Widely known information
bull OR
bull State controversy
Main body
bull Presentpreviousworks
bull Choose an order
bull Use linkages
Endingremarks
bull Summarisethe mainfindings
bull Position yourpaper
Examples
bull In the last two or three decades the emphasis put on the
process of economic globalization has shifted the
analysisrsquo focus towards an international level
bull The international literature focused mainly on analyzing
the GDP as an absolute variable or as a growth rate
(Krolzig 2003) (Li amp Liu 2004) and its connections with
hellip proposed by Frankel and Rose (1998) further
developed by Imbs (2004)
bull As a general remark the IL considers that the complex
process of economic globalization should bring a higher
degree of business cycles synchronization
Good vs Bad
bull Remember the
purpose
bull Read about purpose
bull Write within the
purpose
bull Try to read everything
bull Read but not write
bull Not keeping
bibliographic
information
bull Try to include almost
everything
bull Give to many details
A PHRASE IN NEED
A FRIEND INDEED
httpwwwphrasebankmanche
steracuksourceshtm
Google search - phrasebank
GENERAL RULE
Methodology and or methods
Methodology
bull The study of a
single or multiple
methods
Methods
bull Ways instruments
procedures
employed to
complete the
research objectives
Empirical approach
1bull Population Sample
2
bull Data
bull Variables
3bull Methods
Population and Sample
bull ldquoThe research
population is
represented by all
the European
states rdquo
bull ldquo out of which we
have selected a
number of 24
European Union
members and 6
neighbouring
countries of the EUrdquo
Very very important
Mention if you have excluded
a number of entities from the
sample and motivate why
bull ldquoSome entities were deliberately excluded
from this analysis either on lack of relevant
data or a very different economical situation
leading to outliersrdquo
Data and variables
Source
Description
of data
Mention the
calculus method
Data Variables
Data and datum
Datum = noun singular form
Data = noun plural form
DATAS - Pieces of Data
Do not try to
dribble the
English grammar
Methods section
bull Explain how you have studied the research hypotheses
issues problems etc
bull Identify and structure logically the procedures employed
New method
bull Give precise and correct details
Previously published method
bull Name and cite it
Mathematical method
bull Include the formula
Results amp Discussions
bull Present results in a clear logical
sequence
bull Link findings to the aim of the article
bull WHATrsquoS NEW
bull Discuss findings by reffering to existing
literature
bull Possible implications
bull Also report uncertainties
bull DO NOT SPECULATE JUST REPORT
Results amp Discussions
bull Use tables and figures to support your arguments
bull Provide captions and legends for all your figures and tables
bull Use measure units where appropriate
bull NEVER USE RAW DATA
bull Be parsimonious about tables and figures
bull Never duplicate (same information both in table and in figure)
Results- Statistical issues
1 Descriptive analysis of the variables and
checking assumptions- to check for correctness of the data
- to acquire a feel for the raw data so that you recognize unusual
outcomes in your results
- to check whether the assumptions of the main analysis technique
have been fulfilled to a reasonable level
- to detect and explain of missing data or subjects with unusual
data
Dependent variables Independent
variables
Reporting statistics
bull MeanStandard
Deviation and
percentages are most
clearly presented in
parenthesesldquoThe sample as a whole was
relatively young (M = 1922 SD =
345)rdquo ƒ
bull Never report the
significance level as
p =0000 correct is
p lt0001
bull Chi-square -degrees
of freedom and
sample size in
parentheses followed
by chi-square statistic
(round to two decimal
places) and the
significance level
bull ldquoThe proportion of older male
teachers was 086 whereas the
proportion of younger male
teachers was 052 This difference
is significant (2 N = 167) =
2201 p lt 01rdquo
2
Reporting statistics
bull Correlations are
reported with their
degrees of freedom
(N-2) in parentheses
together with the
significance level in
this way
bull ldquoThe two variables were strongly
correlated r(55) =49 p lt01rdquo
bull ƒ t Tests are reported
with the degrees of
freedom in
parentheses followed
by the t statistic
(rounded to two
decimal places) and
the significance level
bull ldquoThere was a significant effect for
gender t(54) = 543 p lt001 with
men receiving higher scores than
womenrdquo
Reporting statistics
bull Regression results are often best
presented in a table
bull Include the standardized slope (beta)
along with the t-test and the corresponding
significance level
bull ldquoSocial support significantly predicted depression scores beta= -34 t(225)
= 653 p lt01 Social support also explained a significant proportion of
variance in depression scores R2 =12 F(1 225) = 4264 p lt01 rdquo
Tables and figures
Tables
bull Remove grid lines
bull Make sure everything
lines up
bull Keep a reasonable
number of significant
figures
bull Leave out
unnecessary info
Figures
bull Line Graphs-Used to
show trends over
time age
bull Bar Graphs- Used to
compare groups at
one time point
bull Scatter Plots- Used to
show relationships
between two
variables
Tables and figures- Example
Tables and figures
Do-s
bull Labeling
bull Numbering
bull Positioning
bull In-text referencing
bull Larger tables and
figuresmdashplace large
tables or figures in the
appendices
Donrsquot-s
bull Dont restructure data
from an information
source into another
format
bull Dont give extensive
descriptions in your
writing of the contents
of a table or diagram
The information in a
table or diagram tells
its own story
Insights regarding the
Introduction
Comunicates thereseach area
The authorrsquos position
Create the RESEARCH
SPACE
Short structure
bull Establish a territory ndash identify the research topic1
bull Identify a niche ndash issues gaps dilemmas that demand attention
2
bull State what your paper is going to address3
Suggested structure
Ibull Generalization about the topic
II
bull Short insights regarding the topic and or concepts (definitions debates academic conflicts)
IIIbull Find the research issue or gap
IV bull State very clearly the purpose
Vbull Structure of the article
GENERALIZATION ABOUT THE
TOPIC
ldquoConsidered to be one of the most important
contemporary phenomena by the national and
international literature globalization represents
a key research issue within in the academic
fieldrdquo
SHORT INSIGHTS REGARDING THE
TOPIC AND OR CONCEPTS
ldquoUsed as a term for the first time in 1983 in order to
(citation) globalization can be perceived as rdquo
The literature on business cycles acknowledges two
types of cycles the ldquoclassicalrdquo cycle as defined by hellip
(citation) and the one based on deviations or growths
where the underlying idea is that hellip (citation) ldquo
FIND THE RESEARCH ISSUE OR
GAP
ldquoThe main challenge that globalization puts forward
is that of finding alternative methods that can evaluate
its impact on the international economy
an analysis based on the idea that business cycles
synchronization represents a direct effect of
globalization offers the possibility to better grasp the
nature and dynamics of these vast processesrdquo
State very clearly the purpose
bull The present study seeks to
address the following questions
Are there pieces of evidence
regarding the synchronization
of business cycles between
the G7 countries and if this
is proved to be true
Can these seven countries be
considered the promoters of
economic globalization
This paper aims to estimate the synchronization of business cycles
perceived as an effect of globalization on the basis of the relationship
that exists between the growth rate of the GDP and inflows and
outflows of foreign direct investments (FDI) considered as percentage
of the GDP
Tips for writing the
Conclusions
bull Conclusions = the summing-up of an
argument or text
bull From the verb to conclude = to bring or
come to an end to sum up
Suggested structure
I
bull General assessment of the topic
bull Link to the purpose of the paper
II
bull Short and concise remarks regarding the findings
III
bull Contributions of the study
IV
bull Limitations of the research
bull Future research directions
GENERAL ASSESSMENT OF THE TOPIC amp
LINK TO THE PURPOSE OF THE PAPER
ldquoBoth globalization and business cycles are elusive economical
phenomena hence they represents a continuous research puzzle
for the academic community and an inexhaustible source of
possible inquiriesrdquo
ldquoThe main purpose of the research was to assess the business
cycle synchronization patterns inside the G7 in order to better
grasp the transformations that hellipldquo
SHORT AND CONCISE REMARKS
REGARDING THE FINDINGS
ldquoThe study has showed that in general hellip One of the
more important findings that emerge from the research
is fact that hellipThe second major finding is that hellip thus it
highlights the cases of hellip previously discussed It can
also be said that helliprdquo
CONTRIBUTIONS OF THE STUDY
ldquoThe contribution of the research founded on the
existence of resides in the explanation of and
also the Another implication of the present paper is
that it highlights the importance rdquo
ldquoThe novelty of the study is the use the ltlt X gtgt method
in order to study the helliprdquo
LIMITATIONS amp FUTURE RESEARCH
DIRECTIONS
ldquoThe future directions of study
will aim to enlarge the sample
and employ if possible
additional variables and
quarterly datardquo
ldquoThe limitations of the research
derive from therdquo
bull sample size
bull variables employed
bull types of data (annual
quarterly etc)
bull methods
bull time span
Connection with the future study
direction
Abstract
bull Summarizes the research and the conclusions
bull Is your advertisment = rdquoSellsrdquo your work
bull 50-300 words (200 typical length) (Refer to
author guidelines)
bull Stand-alone (NO references)
bull Indicates usefulness
bull Targets the audience
Writing the abstract-Long version
Originalityvalue
Research limitationsimplications
Findings
Designmethodologyapproach
Purpose
bullBased on the Emerald Structured Abstract
Writing the abstract-Short version
The Findings
The Arguments
The Purpose
Fancy title
bull Academic Titles Have Three Parts
bull (A) A catchy hook that introduces the
paper in a creative way
bull (B) Specific keywords that identify the
concepts the scholar will be exploring
bull (C) The location where those keywords
will be explored
bull 8-15 words
bull Main themeresearch topic research
design + population + geographical area
Fancy title- Examples
bull Globalization versus Segregation-Business Cycles
Synchronization in Europe
bull Is trade a vector of business cycles synchronization A
Fuzzy Cluster Approach of Globalization
bull Leaders and Followers in the Business Cycle Game A
Case Study of the G7
bull Hard or fuzzy clusters in assessing business cycle
transmission
bull The reverse alchemy of the business cycle
References section
In-text citations
All the cited
works compose
the Reference
List
Types of in-text citation
bull Varies from
Journal to Journal
bull Always check the
Authorrsquos
Guidelines
bull MS Office offers
APA
Harvard
Chicago
IEEE (reference order)
ISO 690 (Numerical
reference)
Includes only the
works cited in the
paper
Contains papers
read not
necessary cited
What makes good writing
Having something
to say
Logical thinking
A few simple
learnable rules of
style
Writing- Tips and tricks
Read pay attention and imitate
Talk about your research before trying to write about it
Stop waiting for ldquoinspirationrdquo
Revise Nobody gets it perfect on the first try
Learn how to cut ruthlessly Never become too attached to your words
Drop the balast
bull 1 Cut unnecessary words and phrases
bull 2 Write with verbs use strong verbs
avoid turning verbs into nouns and donrsquot
bury the main verb
The BAD Writing Contest
bull The move from a structuralist account in which capital is
understood to structure social relations in relatively homologous
ways to a view of hegemony in which power relations are subject to
repetition convergence and rearticulation brought the question of
temporality into the thinking of structure and marked a shift from a
form of Althusserian theory that takes structural totalities as
theoretical objects to one in which the insights into the contingent
possibility of structure inaugurate a renewed conception of
hegemony as bound up with the contingent sites and strategies of
the rearticulation of power
bull Butlerrsquos Diacritics (1997)
Balast to drop-Examples
1 Dead weight words and
phrases
bull As it is well known
bull As it has been shown
bull It can be regarded that
bull It should be emphasized
that
2 Empty words and
phrases
bull methodologic
bull important
3 Long words or phrases
that could be short
4 Unnecessary jargon
and acronyms
5 Repetitive words or
phrases
6 Adverbs
bull very really quite
basically generally etc
Substitute damn every time
youre inclined to write very
your editor will delete it and the
writing will be just as it should
be(Mark Twain)
Active vs Passive voice
Passive voice (Was done)
bull For previous studies
bull Literature reviewActive voice (I We did)
bull For new exciting own results
bull Original research
Verbs make the World go round
Donrsquot turn verbs into
nouns
Donrsquot bury the
main verb
Writing Environment
bull MS Word
bull Developed for average
users
bull WYSIWYG
bull Auto references
bull Thesaurus
bull LaTeX
bull Developed for
profesionals
bull Requires learning the
syntax
bull Latex makes difficult
things easy and easy
things very difficult
bull Prefered by publishers
LaTeX
Tables and figures
Tables
bull Most journals use three
horizontal lines one
above the column
headings one below the
column headings and
one below the data
bull Follow journal guidelines
bull DO NOT copy-paste
result tables directly from
software
Figures
bull Visual impact
bull Show trends and patterns
bull Tell a quick story
bull Tell the whole story
bull Highlight a particular
result
bull Always provide caption
bull Use high resolution (1000
dpi BampW 300 dpi color)
Tables-Examples
Figures- Examples
Final draft check-list
bull Check for consistency
bull Check for numerical consistencybull Do the numbers in your abstract match the numbers in your
tablesfigurestext
bull Do the numbers in the text match those in the tablesfigures
bull Do the numbers in each tablefigure match those in other tablesfigures
bull Check your references style
bull Check your overall style
Submission information
bull Authorship
This can be a point of contention when
writing in groups so establish
expectations for roles and responsibilities
early in the writing process
bull Permissions and Approvals
bull permissions for reprinting copyrighted
material
bull Ethical Considerations
Plagiarism amp Self- plagiarism
bull Passing off other
peoplersquos writing (or
tables and figures) as
your own
bull cutting and pasting
sentences or even
phrases from another
source
bull slightly rewriting or re-
arranging othersrsquo
words
Recycling your own
writing or data
bull Copying or only
slightly rewriting text
from your own
published papers
bull Adding new data to
already published
data and presenting it
as new results
Submitting identical or overlapping data to multiple journals
Submission checklist
bull Keywords
bull JEL Codes
bull All figure captions
bull All tables (including title description)
bull Manuscript has been spell-checked and grammar-
checked
bull References are in the correct format for this journal
bull All references mentioned in the Reference list are cited
in the text and vice versa
bull Permission has been obtained for use of copyrighted
material from other sources (including the Web)
Cover letter
Put the puzzle together
LOGO
Thank You
Bibliography
bull Jaba E (2002) Statistica Editura Economică București
bull Day A amp Peters A D (1996) How to get research published in journals Aldershot
Gower
bull Academic Writing and Research Skills Workshop Mancester University
bull APA Research Style Crib Sheet by Professor Russ Dewey amp Dr Abel Scribe PhD -
Fall 2007
bull Writing Articles for Peer-Review Publications A Quick Reference Guide
bull Chin B (2004) How to write a great research paper John Wiley amp Sons
bull Pieter M Kroonenberg (2007)How to write an article Leiden University
bull Daniel P J Soule Lucy Whiteley and Shona McIntosh Writing for Scholarly
Journals eSharp
bull Stephen E Dew (2013)The 5 Step Essay Writing Process
bull Kristin Sainani Writing in the Sciences Stanford University
bull httpwebupaczasitefilesfile40753writing_an_academic_journal_articlepdf
bull Sebastian-Florian Enea Silvia Palașcă Claudiu Țigănaș (2013) G7 COUNTRIES ndash
ADVOCATES OF THE GLOBAL BUSINESS CYCLE GEBA 2013 Iași
bull Enea Sebastian (2013) EVALUATING GLOBALIZATION BY MEANS OF FUZZY
CLUSTER ANALYSIS IE Bucharest
bull Oxford Dictionary httpwwwoxforddictionariescom
Examples
bull In the last two or three decades the emphasis put on the
process of economic globalization has shifted the
analysisrsquo focus towards an international level
bull The international literature focused mainly on analyzing
the GDP as an absolute variable or as a growth rate
(Krolzig 2003) (Li amp Liu 2004) and its connections with
hellip proposed by Frankel and Rose (1998) further
developed by Imbs (2004)
bull As a general remark the IL considers that the complex
process of economic globalization should bring a higher
degree of business cycles synchronization
Good vs Bad
bull Remember the
purpose
bull Read about purpose
bull Write within the
purpose
bull Try to read everything
bull Read but not write
bull Not keeping
bibliographic
information
bull Try to include almost
everything
bull Give to many details
A PHRASE IN NEED
A FRIEND INDEED
httpwwwphrasebankmanche
steracuksourceshtm
Google search - phrasebank
GENERAL RULE
Methodology and or methods
Methodology
bull The study of a
single or multiple
methods
Methods
bull Ways instruments
procedures
employed to
complete the
research objectives
Empirical approach
1bull Population Sample
2
bull Data
bull Variables
3bull Methods
Population and Sample
bull ldquoThe research
population is
represented by all
the European
states rdquo
bull ldquo out of which we
have selected a
number of 24
European Union
members and 6
neighbouring
countries of the EUrdquo
Very very important
Mention if you have excluded
a number of entities from the
sample and motivate why
bull ldquoSome entities were deliberately excluded
from this analysis either on lack of relevant
data or a very different economical situation
leading to outliersrdquo
Data and variables
Source
Description
of data
Mention the
calculus method
Data Variables
Data and datum
Datum = noun singular form
Data = noun plural form
DATAS - Pieces of Data
Do not try to
dribble the
English grammar
Methods section
bull Explain how you have studied the research hypotheses
issues problems etc
bull Identify and structure logically the procedures employed
New method
bull Give precise and correct details
Previously published method
bull Name and cite it
Mathematical method
bull Include the formula
Results amp Discussions
bull Present results in a clear logical
sequence
bull Link findings to the aim of the article
bull WHATrsquoS NEW
bull Discuss findings by reffering to existing
literature
bull Possible implications
bull Also report uncertainties
bull DO NOT SPECULATE JUST REPORT
Results amp Discussions
bull Use tables and figures to support your arguments
bull Provide captions and legends for all your figures and tables
bull Use measure units where appropriate
bull NEVER USE RAW DATA
bull Be parsimonious about tables and figures
bull Never duplicate (same information both in table and in figure)
Results- Statistical issues
1 Descriptive analysis of the variables and
checking assumptions- to check for correctness of the data
- to acquire a feel for the raw data so that you recognize unusual
outcomes in your results
- to check whether the assumptions of the main analysis technique
have been fulfilled to a reasonable level
- to detect and explain of missing data or subjects with unusual
data
Dependent variables Independent
variables
Reporting statistics
bull MeanStandard
Deviation and
percentages are most
clearly presented in
parenthesesldquoThe sample as a whole was
relatively young (M = 1922 SD =
345)rdquo ƒ
bull Never report the
significance level as
p =0000 correct is
p lt0001
bull Chi-square -degrees
of freedom and
sample size in
parentheses followed
by chi-square statistic
(round to two decimal
places) and the
significance level
bull ldquoThe proportion of older male
teachers was 086 whereas the
proportion of younger male
teachers was 052 This difference
is significant (2 N = 167) =
2201 p lt 01rdquo
2
Reporting statistics
bull Correlations are
reported with their
degrees of freedom
(N-2) in parentheses
together with the
significance level in
this way
bull ldquoThe two variables were strongly
correlated r(55) =49 p lt01rdquo
bull ƒ t Tests are reported
with the degrees of
freedom in
parentheses followed
by the t statistic
(rounded to two
decimal places) and
the significance level
bull ldquoThere was a significant effect for
gender t(54) = 543 p lt001 with
men receiving higher scores than
womenrdquo
Reporting statistics
bull Regression results are often best
presented in a table
bull Include the standardized slope (beta)
along with the t-test and the corresponding
significance level
bull ldquoSocial support significantly predicted depression scores beta= -34 t(225)
= 653 p lt01 Social support also explained a significant proportion of
variance in depression scores R2 =12 F(1 225) = 4264 p lt01 rdquo
Tables and figures
Tables
bull Remove grid lines
bull Make sure everything
lines up
bull Keep a reasonable
number of significant
figures
bull Leave out
unnecessary info
Figures
bull Line Graphs-Used to
show trends over
time age
bull Bar Graphs- Used to
compare groups at
one time point
bull Scatter Plots- Used to
show relationships
between two
variables
Tables and figures- Example
Tables and figures
Do-s
bull Labeling
bull Numbering
bull Positioning
bull In-text referencing
bull Larger tables and
figuresmdashplace large
tables or figures in the
appendices
Donrsquot-s
bull Dont restructure data
from an information
source into another
format
bull Dont give extensive
descriptions in your
writing of the contents
of a table or diagram
The information in a
table or diagram tells
its own story
Insights regarding the
Introduction
Comunicates thereseach area
The authorrsquos position
Create the RESEARCH
SPACE
Short structure
bull Establish a territory ndash identify the research topic1
bull Identify a niche ndash issues gaps dilemmas that demand attention
2
bull State what your paper is going to address3
Suggested structure
Ibull Generalization about the topic
II
bull Short insights regarding the topic and or concepts (definitions debates academic conflicts)
IIIbull Find the research issue or gap
IV bull State very clearly the purpose
Vbull Structure of the article
GENERALIZATION ABOUT THE
TOPIC
ldquoConsidered to be one of the most important
contemporary phenomena by the national and
international literature globalization represents
a key research issue within in the academic
fieldrdquo
SHORT INSIGHTS REGARDING THE
TOPIC AND OR CONCEPTS
ldquoUsed as a term for the first time in 1983 in order to
(citation) globalization can be perceived as rdquo
The literature on business cycles acknowledges two
types of cycles the ldquoclassicalrdquo cycle as defined by hellip
(citation) and the one based on deviations or growths
where the underlying idea is that hellip (citation) ldquo
FIND THE RESEARCH ISSUE OR
GAP
ldquoThe main challenge that globalization puts forward
is that of finding alternative methods that can evaluate
its impact on the international economy
an analysis based on the idea that business cycles
synchronization represents a direct effect of
globalization offers the possibility to better grasp the
nature and dynamics of these vast processesrdquo
State very clearly the purpose
bull The present study seeks to
address the following questions
Are there pieces of evidence
regarding the synchronization
of business cycles between
the G7 countries and if this
is proved to be true
Can these seven countries be
considered the promoters of
economic globalization
This paper aims to estimate the synchronization of business cycles
perceived as an effect of globalization on the basis of the relationship
that exists between the growth rate of the GDP and inflows and
outflows of foreign direct investments (FDI) considered as percentage
of the GDP
Tips for writing the
Conclusions
bull Conclusions = the summing-up of an
argument or text
bull From the verb to conclude = to bring or
come to an end to sum up
Suggested structure
I
bull General assessment of the topic
bull Link to the purpose of the paper
II
bull Short and concise remarks regarding the findings
III
bull Contributions of the study
IV
bull Limitations of the research
bull Future research directions
GENERAL ASSESSMENT OF THE TOPIC amp
LINK TO THE PURPOSE OF THE PAPER
ldquoBoth globalization and business cycles are elusive economical
phenomena hence they represents a continuous research puzzle
for the academic community and an inexhaustible source of
possible inquiriesrdquo
ldquoThe main purpose of the research was to assess the business
cycle synchronization patterns inside the G7 in order to better
grasp the transformations that hellipldquo
SHORT AND CONCISE REMARKS
REGARDING THE FINDINGS
ldquoThe study has showed that in general hellip One of the
more important findings that emerge from the research
is fact that hellipThe second major finding is that hellip thus it
highlights the cases of hellip previously discussed It can
also be said that helliprdquo
CONTRIBUTIONS OF THE STUDY
ldquoThe contribution of the research founded on the
existence of resides in the explanation of and
also the Another implication of the present paper is
that it highlights the importance rdquo
ldquoThe novelty of the study is the use the ltlt X gtgt method
in order to study the helliprdquo
LIMITATIONS amp FUTURE RESEARCH
DIRECTIONS
ldquoThe future directions of study
will aim to enlarge the sample
and employ if possible
additional variables and
quarterly datardquo
ldquoThe limitations of the research
derive from therdquo
bull sample size
bull variables employed
bull types of data (annual
quarterly etc)
bull methods
bull time span
Connection with the future study
direction
Abstract
bull Summarizes the research and the conclusions
bull Is your advertisment = rdquoSellsrdquo your work
bull 50-300 words (200 typical length) (Refer to
author guidelines)
bull Stand-alone (NO references)
bull Indicates usefulness
bull Targets the audience
Writing the abstract-Long version
Originalityvalue
Research limitationsimplications
Findings
Designmethodologyapproach
Purpose
bullBased on the Emerald Structured Abstract
Writing the abstract-Short version
The Findings
The Arguments
The Purpose
Fancy title
bull Academic Titles Have Three Parts
bull (A) A catchy hook that introduces the
paper in a creative way
bull (B) Specific keywords that identify the
concepts the scholar will be exploring
bull (C) The location where those keywords
will be explored
bull 8-15 words
bull Main themeresearch topic research
design + population + geographical area
Fancy title- Examples
bull Globalization versus Segregation-Business Cycles
Synchronization in Europe
bull Is trade a vector of business cycles synchronization A
Fuzzy Cluster Approach of Globalization
bull Leaders and Followers in the Business Cycle Game A
Case Study of the G7
bull Hard or fuzzy clusters in assessing business cycle
transmission
bull The reverse alchemy of the business cycle
References section
In-text citations
All the cited
works compose
the Reference
List
Types of in-text citation
bull Varies from
Journal to Journal
bull Always check the
Authorrsquos
Guidelines
bull MS Office offers
APA
Harvard
Chicago
IEEE (reference order)
ISO 690 (Numerical
reference)
Includes only the
works cited in the
paper
Contains papers
read not
necessary cited
What makes good writing
Having something
to say
Logical thinking
A few simple
learnable rules of
style
Writing- Tips and tricks
Read pay attention and imitate
Talk about your research before trying to write about it
Stop waiting for ldquoinspirationrdquo
Revise Nobody gets it perfect on the first try
Learn how to cut ruthlessly Never become too attached to your words
Drop the balast
bull 1 Cut unnecessary words and phrases
bull 2 Write with verbs use strong verbs
avoid turning verbs into nouns and donrsquot
bury the main verb
The BAD Writing Contest
bull The move from a structuralist account in which capital is
understood to structure social relations in relatively homologous
ways to a view of hegemony in which power relations are subject to
repetition convergence and rearticulation brought the question of
temporality into the thinking of structure and marked a shift from a
form of Althusserian theory that takes structural totalities as
theoretical objects to one in which the insights into the contingent
possibility of structure inaugurate a renewed conception of
hegemony as bound up with the contingent sites and strategies of
the rearticulation of power
bull Butlerrsquos Diacritics (1997)
Balast to drop-Examples
1 Dead weight words and
phrases
bull As it is well known
bull As it has been shown
bull It can be regarded that
bull It should be emphasized
that
2 Empty words and
phrases
bull methodologic
bull important
3 Long words or phrases
that could be short
4 Unnecessary jargon
and acronyms
5 Repetitive words or
phrases
6 Adverbs
bull very really quite
basically generally etc
Substitute damn every time
youre inclined to write very
your editor will delete it and the
writing will be just as it should
be(Mark Twain)
Active vs Passive voice
Passive voice (Was done)
bull For previous studies
bull Literature reviewActive voice (I We did)
bull For new exciting own results
bull Original research
Verbs make the World go round
Donrsquot turn verbs into
nouns
Donrsquot bury the
main verb
Writing Environment
bull MS Word
bull Developed for average
users
bull WYSIWYG
bull Auto references
bull Thesaurus
bull LaTeX
bull Developed for
profesionals
bull Requires learning the
syntax
bull Latex makes difficult
things easy and easy
things very difficult
bull Prefered by publishers
LaTeX
Tables and figures
Tables
bull Most journals use three
horizontal lines one
above the column
headings one below the
column headings and
one below the data
bull Follow journal guidelines
bull DO NOT copy-paste
result tables directly from
software
Figures
bull Visual impact
bull Show trends and patterns
bull Tell a quick story
bull Tell the whole story
bull Highlight a particular
result
bull Always provide caption
bull Use high resolution (1000
dpi BampW 300 dpi color)
Tables-Examples
Figures- Examples
Final draft check-list
bull Check for consistency
bull Check for numerical consistencybull Do the numbers in your abstract match the numbers in your
tablesfigurestext
bull Do the numbers in the text match those in the tablesfigures
bull Do the numbers in each tablefigure match those in other tablesfigures
bull Check your references style
bull Check your overall style
Submission information
bull Authorship
This can be a point of contention when
writing in groups so establish
expectations for roles and responsibilities
early in the writing process
bull Permissions and Approvals
bull permissions for reprinting copyrighted
material
bull Ethical Considerations
Plagiarism amp Self- plagiarism
bull Passing off other
peoplersquos writing (or
tables and figures) as
your own
bull cutting and pasting
sentences or even
phrases from another
source
bull slightly rewriting or re-
arranging othersrsquo
words
Recycling your own
writing or data
bull Copying or only
slightly rewriting text
from your own
published papers
bull Adding new data to
already published
data and presenting it
as new results
Submitting identical or overlapping data to multiple journals
Submission checklist
bull Keywords
bull JEL Codes
bull All figure captions
bull All tables (including title description)
bull Manuscript has been spell-checked and grammar-
checked
bull References are in the correct format for this journal
bull All references mentioned in the Reference list are cited
in the text and vice versa
bull Permission has been obtained for use of copyrighted
material from other sources (including the Web)
Cover letter
Put the puzzle together
LOGO
Thank You
Bibliography
bull Jaba E (2002) Statistica Editura Economică București
bull Day A amp Peters A D (1996) How to get research published in journals Aldershot
Gower
bull Academic Writing and Research Skills Workshop Mancester University
bull APA Research Style Crib Sheet by Professor Russ Dewey amp Dr Abel Scribe PhD -
Fall 2007
bull Writing Articles for Peer-Review Publications A Quick Reference Guide
bull Chin B (2004) How to write a great research paper John Wiley amp Sons
bull Pieter M Kroonenberg (2007)How to write an article Leiden University
bull Daniel P J Soule Lucy Whiteley and Shona McIntosh Writing for Scholarly
Journals eSharp
bull Stephen E Dew (2013)The 5 Step Essay Writing Process
bull Kristin Sainani Writing in the Sciences Stanford University
bull httpwebupaczasitefilesfile40753writing_an_academic_journal_articlepdf
bull Sebastian-Florian Enea Silvia Palașcă Claudiu Țigănaș (2013) G7 COUNTRIES ndash
ADVOCATES OF THE GLOBAL BUSINESS CYCLE GEBA 2013 Iași
bull Enea Sebastian (2013) EVALUATING GLOBALIZATION BY MEANS OF FUZZY
CLUSTER ANALYSIS IE Bucharest
bull Oxford Dictionary httpwwwoxforddictionariescom
Good vs Bad
bull Remember the
purpose
bull Read about purpose
bull Write within the
purpose
bull Try to read everything
bull Read but not write
bull Not keeping
bibliographic
information
bull Try to include almost
everything
bull Give to many details
A PHRASE IN NEED
A FRIEND INDEED
httpwwwphrasebankmanche
steracuksourceshtm
Google search - phrasebank
GENERAL RULE
Methodology and or methods
Methodology
bull The study of a
single or multiple
methods
Methods
bull Ways instruments
procedures
employed to
complete the
research objectives
Empirical approach
1bull Population Sample
2
bull Data
bull Variables
3bull Methods
Population and Sample
bull ldquoThe research
population is
represented by all
the European
states rdquo
bull ldquo out of which we
have selected a
number of 24
European Union
members and 6
neighbouring
countries of the EUrdquo
Very very important
Mention if you have excluded
a number of entities from the
sample and motivate why
bull ldquoSome entities were deliberately excluded
from this analysis either on lack of relevant
data or a very different economical situation
leading to outliersrdquo
Data and variables
Source
Description
of data
Mention the
calculus method
Data Variables
Data and datum
Datum = noun singular form
Data = noun plural form
DATAS - Pieces of Data
Do not try to
dribble the
English grammar
Methods section
bull Explain how you have studied the research hypotheses
issues problems etc
bull Identify and structure logically the procedures employed
New method
bull Give precise and correct details
Previously published method
bull Name and cite it
Mathematical method
bull Include the formula
Results amp Discussions
bull Present results in a clear logical
sequence
bull Link findings to the aim of the article
bull WHATrsquoS NEW
bull Discuss findings by reffering to existing
literature
bull Possible implications
bull Also report uncertainties
bull DO NOT SPECULATE JUST REPORT
Results amp Discussions
bull Use tables and figures to support your arguments
bull Provide captions and legends for all your figures and tables
bull Use measure units where appropriate
bull NEVER USE RAW DATA
bull Be parsimonious about tables and figures
bull Never duplicate (same information both in table and in figure)
Results- Statistical issues
1 Descriptive analysis of the variables and
checking assumptions- to check for correctness of the data
- to acquire a feel for the raw data so that you recognize unusual
outcomes in your results
- to check whether the assumptions of the main analysis technique
have been fulfilled to a reasonable level
- to detect and explain of missing data or subjects with unusual
data
Dependent variables Independent
variables
Reporting statistics
bull MeanStandard
Deviation and
percentages are most
clearly presented in
parenthesesldquoThe sample as a whole was
relatively young (M = 1922 SD =
345)rdquo ƒ
bull Never report the
significance level as
p =0000 correct is
p lt0001
bull Chi-square -degrees
of freedom and
sample size in
parentheses followed
by chi-square statistic
(round to two decimal
places) and the
significance level
bull ldquoThe proportion of older male
teachers was 086 whereas the
proportion of younger male
teachers was 052 This difference
is significant (2 N = 167) =
2201 p lt 01rdquo
2
Reporting statistics
bull Correlations are
reported with their
degrees of freedom
(N-2) in parentheses
together with the
significance level in
this way
bull ldquoThe two variables were strongly
correlated r(55) =49 p lt01rdquo
bull ƒ t Tests are reported
with the degrees of
freedom in
parentheses followed
by the t statistic
(rounded to two
decimal places) and
the significance level
bull ldquoThere was a significant effect for
gender t(54) = 543 p lt001 with
men receiving higher scores than
womenrdquo
Reporting statistics
bull Regression results are often best
presented in a table
bull Include the standardized slope (beta)
along with the t-test and the corresponding
significance level
bull ldquoSocial support significantly predicted depression scores beta= -34 t(225)
= 653 p lt01 Social support also explained a significant proportion of
variance in depression scores R2 =12 F(1 225) = 4264 p lt01 rdquo
Tables and figures
Tables
bull Remove grid lines
bull Make sure everything
lines up
bull Keep a reasonable
number of significant
figures
bull Leave out
unnecessary info
Figures
bull Line Graphs-Used to
show trends over
time age
bull Bar Graphs- Used to
compare groups at
one time point
bull Scatter Plots- Used to
show relationships
between two
variables
Tables and figures- Example
Tables and figures
Do-s
bull Labeling
bull Numbering
bull Positioning
bull In-text referencing
bull Larger tables and
figuresmdashplace large
tables or figures in the
appendices
Donrsquot-s
bull Dont restructure data
from an information
source into another
format
bull Dont give extensive
descriptions in your
writing of the contents
of a table or diagram
The information in a
table or diagram tells
its own story
Insights regarding the
Introduction
Comunicates thereseach area
The authorrsquos position
Create the RESEARCH
SPACE
Short structure
bull Establish a territory ndash identify the research topic1
bull Identify a niche ndash issues gaps dilemmas that demand attention
2
bull State what your paper is going to address3
Suggested structure
Ibull Generalization about the topic
II
bull Short insights regarding the topic and or concepts (definitions debates academic conflicts)
IIIbull Find the research issue or gap
IV bull State very clearly the purpose
Vbull Structure of the article
GENERALIZATION ABOUT THE
TOPIC
ldquoConsidered to be one of the most important
contemporary phenomena by the national and
international literature globalization represents
a key research issue within in the academic
fieldrdquo
SHORT INSIGHTS REGARDING THE
TOPIC AND OR CONCEPTS
ldquoUsed as a term for the first time in 1983 in order to
(citation) globalization can be perceived as rdquo
The literature on business cycles acknowledges two
types of cycles the ldquoclassicalrdquo cycle as defined by hellip
(citation) and the one based on deviations or growths
where the underlying idea is that hellip (citation) ldquo
FIND THE RESEARCH ISSUE OR
GAP
ldquoThe main challenge that globalization puts forward
is that of finding alternative methods that can evaluate
its impact on the international economy
an analysis based on the idea that business cycles
synchronization represents a direct effect of
globalization offers the possibility to better grasp the
nature and dynamics of these vast processesrdquo
State very clearly the purpose
bull The present study seeks to
address the following questions
Are there pieces of evidence
regarding the synchronization
of business cycles between
the G7 countries and if this
is proved to be true
Can these seven countries be
considered the promoters of
economic globalization
This paper aims to estimate the synchronization of business cycles
perceived as an effect of globalization on the basis of the relationship
that exists between the growth rate of the GDP and inflows and
outflows of foreign direct investments (FDI) considered as percentage
of the GDP
Tips for writing the
Conclusions
bull Conclusions = the summing-up of an
argument or text
bull From the verb to conclude = to bring or
come to an end to sum up
Suggested structure
I
bull General assessment of the topic
bull Link to the purpose of the paper
II
bull Short and concise remarks regarding the findings
III
bull Contributions of the study
IV
bull Limitations of the research
bull Future research directions
GENERAL ASSESSMENT OF THE TOPIC amp
LINK TO THE PURPOSE OF THE PAPER
ldquoBoth globalization and business cycles are elusive economical
phenomena hence they represents a continuous research puzzle
for the academic community and an inexhaustible source of
possible inquiriesrdquo
ldquoThe main purpose of the research was to assess the business
cycle synchronization patterns inside the G7 in order to better
grasp the transformations that hellipldquo
SHORT AND CONCISE REMARKS
REGARDING THE FINDINGS
ldquoThe study has showed that in general hellip One of the
more important findings that emerge from the research
is fact that hellipThe second major finding is that hellip thus it
highlights the cases of hellip previously discussed It can
also be said that helliprdquo
CONTRIBUTIONS OF THE STUDY
ldquoThe contribution of the research founded on the
existence of resides in the explanation of and
also the Another implication of the present paper is
that it highlights the importance rdquo
ldquoThe novelty of the study is the use the ltlt X gtgt method
in order to study the helliprdquo
LIMITATIONS amp FUTURE RESEARCH
DIRECTIONS
ldquoThe future directions of study
will aim to enlarge the sample
and employ if possible
additional variables and
quarterly datardquo
ldquoThe limitations of the research
derive from therdquo
bull sample size
bull variables employed
bull types of data (annual
quarterly etc)
bull methods
bull time span
Connection with the future study
direction
Abstract
bull Summarizes the research and the conclusions
bull Is your advertisment = rdquoSellsrdquo your work
bull 50-300 words (200 typical length) (Refer to
author guidelines)
bull Stand-alone (NO references)
bull Indicates usefulness
bull Targets the audience
Writing the abstract-Long version
Originalityvalue
Research limitationsimplications
Findings
Designmethodologyapproach
Purpose
bullBased on the Emerald Structured Abstract
Writing the abstract-Short version
The Findings
The Arguments
The Purpose
Fancy title
bull Academic Titles Have Three Parts
bull (A) A catchy hook that introduces the
paper in a creative way
bull (B) Specific keywords that identify the
concepts the scholar will be exploring
bull (C) The location where those keywords
will be explored
bull 8-15 words
bull Main themeresearch topic research
design + population + geographical area
Fancy title- Examples
bull Globalization versus Segregation-Business Cycles
Synchronization in Europe
bull Is trade a vector of business cycles synchronization A
Fuzzy Cluster Approach of Globalization
bull Leaders and Followers in the Business Cycle Game A
Case Study of the G7
bull Hard or fuzzy clusters in assessing business cycle
transmission
bull The reverse alchemy of the business cycle
References section
In-text citations
All the cited
works compose
the Reference
List
Types of in-text citation
bull Varies from
Journal to Journal
bull Always check the
Authorrsquos
Guidelines
bull MS Office offers
APA
Harvard
Chicago
IEEE (reference order)
ISO 690 (Numerical
reference)
Includes only the
works cited in the
paper
Contains papers
read not
necessary cited
What makes good writing
Having something
to say
Logical thinking
A few simple
learnable rules of
style
Writing- Tips and tricks
Read pay attention and imitate
Talk about your research before trying to write about it
Stop waiting for ldquoinspirationrdquo
Revise Nobody gets it perfect on the first try
Learn how to cut ruthlessly Never become too attached to your words
Drop the balast
bull 1 Cut unnecessary words and phrases
bull 2 Write with verbs use strong verbs
avoid turning verbs into nouns and donrsquot
bury the main verb
The BAD Writing Contest
bull The move from a structuralist account in which capital is
understood to structure social relations in relatively homologous
ways to a view of hegemony in which power relations are subject to
repetition convergence and rearticulation brought the question of
temporality into the thinking of structure and marked a shift from a
form of Althusserian theory that takes structural totalities as
theoretical objects to one in which the insights into the contingent
possibility of structure inaugurate a renewed conception of
hegemony as bound up with the contingent sites and strategies of
the rearticulation of power
bull Butlerrsquos Diacritics (1997)
Balast to drop-Examples
1 Dead weight words and
phrases
bull As it is well known
bull As it has been shown
bull It can be regarded that
bull It should be emphasized
that
2 Empty words and
phrases
bull methodologic
bull important
3 Long words or phrases
that could be short
4 Unnecessary jargon
and acronyms
5 Repetitive words or
phrases
6 Adverbs
bull very really quite
basically generally etc
Substitute damn every time
youre inclined to write very
your editor will delete it and the
writing will be just as it should
be(Mark Twain)
Active vs Passive voice
Passive voice (Was done)
bull For previous studies
bull Literature reviewActive voice (I We did)
bull For new exciting own results
bull Original research
Verbs make the World go round
Donrsquot turn verbs into
nouns
Donrsquot bury the
main verb
Writing Environment
bull MS Word
bull Developed for average
users
bull WYSIWYG
bull Auto references
bull Thesaurus
bull LaTeX
bull Developed for
profesionals
bull Requires learning the
syntax
bull Latex makes difficult
things easy and easy
things very difficult
bull Prefered by publishers
LaTeX
Tables and figures
Tables
bull Most journals use three
horizontal lines one
above the column
headings one below the
column headings and
one below the data
bull Follow journal guidelines
bull DO NOT copy-paste
result tables directly from
software
Figures
bull Visual impact
bull Show trends and patterns
bull Tell a quick story
bull Tell the whole story
bull Highlight a particular
result
bull Always provide caption
bull Use high resolution (1000
dpi BampW 300 dpi color)
Tables-Examples
Figures- Examples
Final draft check-list
bull Check for consistency
bull Check for numerical consistencybull Do the numbers in your abstract match the numbers in your
tablesfigurestext
bull Do the numbers in the text match those in the tablesfigures
bull Do the numbers in each tablefigure match those in other tablesfigures
bull Check your references style
bull Check your overall style
Submission information
bull Authorship
This can be a point of contention when
writing in groups so establish
expectations for roles and responsibilities
early in the writing process
bull Permissions and Approvals
bull permissions for reprinting copyrighted
material
bull Ethical Considerations
Plagiarism amp Self- plagiarism
bull Passing off other
peoplersquos writing (or
tables and figures) as
your own
bull cutting and pasting
sentences or even
phrases from another
source
bull slightly rewriting or re-
arranging othersrsquo
words
Recycling your own
writing or data
bull Copying or only
slightly rewriting text
from your own
published papers
bull Adding new data to
already published
data and presenting it
as new results
Submitting identical or overlapping data to multiple journals
Submission checklist
bull Keywords
bull JEL Codes
bull All figure captions
bull All tables (including title description)
bull Manuscript has been spell-checked and grammar-
checked
bull References are in the correct format for this journal
bull All references mentioned in the Reference list are cited
in the text and vice versa
bull Permission has been obtained for use of copyrighted
material from other sources (including the Web)
Cover letter
Put the puzzle together
LOGO
Thank You
Bibliography
bull Jaba E (2002) Statistica Editura Economică București
bull Day A amp Peters A D (1996) How to get research published in journals Aldershot
Gower
bull Academic Writing and Research Skills Workshop Mancester University
bull APA Research Style Crib Sheet by Professor Russ Dewey amp Dr Abel Scribe PhD -
Fall 2007
bull Writing Articles for Peer-Review Publications A Quick Reference Guide
bull Chin B (2004) How to write a great research paper John Wiley amp Sons
bull Pieter M Kroonenberg (2007)How to write an article Leiden University
bull Daniel P J Soule Lucy Whiteley and Shona McIntosh Writing for Scholarly
Journals eSharp
bull Stephen E Dew (2013)The 5 Step Essay Writing Process
bull Kristin Sainani Writing in the Sciences Stanford University
bull httpwebupaczasitefilesfile40753writing_an_academic_journal_articlepdf
bull Sebastian-Florian Enea Silvia Palașcă Claudiu Țigănaș (2013) G7 COUNTRIES ndash
ADVOCATES OF THE GLOBAL BUSINESS CYCLE GEBA 2013 Iași
bull Enea Sebastian (2013) EVALUATING GLOBALIZATION BY MEANS OF FUZZY
CLUSTER ANALYSIS IE Bucharest
bull Oxford Dictionary httpwwwoxforddictionariescom
A PHRASE IN NEED
A FRIEND INDEED
httpwwwphrasebankmanche
steracuksourceshtm
Google search - phrasebank
GENERAL RULE
Methodology and or methods
Methodology
bull The study of a
single or multiple
methods
Methods
bull Ways instruments
procedures
employed to
complete the
research objectives
Empirical approach
1bull Population Sample
2
bull Data
bull Variables
3bull Methods
Population and Sample
bull ldquoThe research
population is
represented by all
the European
states rdquo
bull ldquo out of which we
have selected a
number of 24
European Union
members and 6
neighbouring
countries of the EUrdquo
Very very important
Mention if you have excluded
a number of entities from the
sample and motivate why
bull ldquoSome entities were deliberately excluded
from this analysis either on lack of relevant
data or a very different economical situation
leading to outliersrdquo
Data and variables
Source
Description
of data
Mention the
calculus method
Data Variables
Data and datum
Datum = noun singular form
Data = noun plural form
DATAS - Pieces of Data
Do not try to
dribble the
English grammar
Methods section
bull Explain how you have studied the research hypotheses
issues problems etc
bull Identify and structure logically the procedures employed
New method
bull Give precise and correct details
Previously published method
bull Name and cite it
Mathematical method
bull Include the formula
Results amp Discussions
bull Present results in a clear logical
sequence
bull Link findings to the aim of the article
bull WHATrsquoS NEW
bull Discuss findings by reffering to existing
literature
bull Possible implications
bull Also report uncertainties
bull DO NOT SPECULATE JUST REPORT
Results amp Discussions
bull Use tables and figures to support your arguments
bull Provide captions and legends for all your figures and tables
bull Use measure units where appropriate
bull NEVER USE RAW DATA
bull Be parsimonious about tables and figures
bull Never duplicate (same information both in table and in figure)
Results- Statistical issues
1 Descriptive analysis of the variables and
checking assumptions- to check for correctness of the data
- to acquire a feel for the raw data so that you recognize unusual
outcomes in your results
- to check whether the assumptions of the main analysis technique
have been fulfilled to a reasonable level
- to detect and explain of missing data or subjects with unusual
data
Dependent variables Independent
variables
Reporting statistics
bull MeanStandard
Deviation and
percentages are most
clearly presented in
parenthesesldquoThe sample as a whole was
relatively young (M = 1922 SD =
345)rdquo ƒ
bull Never report the
significance level as
p =0000 correct is
p lt0001
bull Chi-square -degrees
of freedom and
sample size in
parentheses followed
by chi-square statistic
(round to two decimal
places) and the
significance level
bull ldquoThe proportion of older male
teachers was 086 whereas the
proportion of younger male
teachers was 052 This difference
is significant (2 N = 167) =
2201 p lt 01rdquo
2
Reporting statistics
bull Correlations are
reported with their
degrees of freedom
(N-2) in parentheses
together with the
significance level in
this way
bull ldquoThe two variables were strongly
correlated r(55) =49 p lt01rdquo
bull ƒ t Tests are reported
with the degrees of
freedom in
parentheses followed
by the t statistic
(rounded to two
decimal places) and
the significance level
bull ldquoThere was a significant effect for
gender t(54) = 543 p lt001 with
men receiving higher scores than
womenrdquo
Reporting statistics
bull Regression results are often best
presented in a table
bull Include the standardized slope (beta)
along with the t-test and the corresponding
significance level
bull ldquoSocial support significantly predicted depression scores beta= -34 t(225)
= 653 p lt01 Social support also explained a significant proportion of
variance in depression scores R2 =12 F(1 225) = 4264 p lt01 rdquo
Tables and figures
Tables
bull Remove grid lines
bull Make sure everything
lines up
bull Keep a reasonable
number of significant
figures
bull Leave out
unnecessary info
Figures
bull Line Graphs-Used to
show trends over
time age
bull Bar Graphs- Used to
compare groups at
one time point
bull Scatter Plots- Used to
show relationships
between two
variables
Tables and figures- Example
Tables and figures
Do-s
bull Labeling
bull Numbering
bull Positioning
bull In-text referencing
bull Larger tables and
figuresmdashplace large
tables or figures in the
appendices
Donrsquot-s
bull Dont restructure data
from an information
source into another
format
bull Dont give extensive
descriptions in your
writing of the contents
of a table or diagram
The information in a
table or diagram tells
its own story
Insights regarding the
Introduction
Comunicates thereseach area
The authorrsquos position
Create the RESEARCH
SPACE
Short structure
bull Establish a territory ndash identify the research topic1
bull Identify a niche ndash issues gaps dilemmas that demand attention
2
bull State what your paper is going to address3
Suggested structure
Ibull Generalization about the topic
II
bull Short insights regarding the topic and or concepts (definitions debates academic conflicts)
IIIbull Find the research issue or gap
IV bull State very clearly the purpose
Vbull Structure of the article
GENERALIZATION ABOUT THE
TOPIC
ldquoConsidered to be one of the most important
contemporary phenomena by the national and
international literature globalization represents
a key research issue within in the academic
fieldrdquo
SHORT INSIGHTS REGARDING THE
TOPIC AND OR CONCEPTS
ldquoUsed as a term for the first time in 1983 in order to
(citation) globalization can be perceived as rdquo
The literature on business cycles acknowledges two
types of cycles the ldquoclassicalrdquo cycle as defined by hellip
(citation) and the one based on deviations or growths
where the underlying idea is that hellip (citation) ldquo
FIND THE RESEARCH ISSUE OR
GAP
ldquoThe main challenge that globalization puts forward
is that of finding alternative methods that can evaluate
its impact on the international economy
an analysis based on the idea that business cycles
synchronization represents a direct effect of
globalization offers the possibility to better grasp the
nature and dynamics of these vast processesrdquo
State very clearly the purpose
bull The present study seeks to
address the following questions
Are there pieces of evidence
regarding the synchronization
of business cycles between
the G7 countries and if this
is proved to be true
Can these seven countries be
considered the promoters of
economic globalization
This paper aims to estimate the synchronization of business cycles
perceived as an effect of globalization on the basis of the relationship
that exists between the growth rate of the GDP and inflows and
outflows of foreign direct investments (FDI) considered as percentage
of the GDP
Tips for writing the
Conclusions
bull Conclusions = the summing-up of an
argument or text
bull From the verb to conclude = to bring or
come to an end to sum up
Suggested structure
I
bull General assessment of the topic
bull Link to the purpose of the paper
II
bull Short and concise remarks regarding the findings
III
bull Contributions of the study
IV
bull Limitations of the research
bull Future research directions
GENERAL ASSESSMENT OF THE TOPIC amp
LINK TO THE PURPOSE OF THE PAPER
ldquoBoth globalization and business cycles are elusive economical
phenomena hence they represents a continuous research puzzle
for the academic community and an inexhaustible source of
possible inquiriesrdquo
ldquoThe main purpose of the research was to assess the business
cycle synchronization patterns inside the G7 in order to better
grasp the transformations that hellipldquo
SHORT AND CONCISE REMARKS
REGARDING THE FINDINGS
ldquoThe study has showed that in general hellip One of the
more important findings that emerge from the research
is fact that hellipThe second major finding is that hellip thus it
highlights the cases of hellip previously discussed It can
also be said that helliprdquo
CONTRIBUTIONS OF THE STUDY
ldquoThe contribution of the research founded on the
existence of resides in the explanation of and
also the Another implication of the present paper is
that it highlights the importance rdquo
ldquoThe novelty of the study is the use the ltlt X gtgt method
in order to study the helliprdquo
LIMITATIONS amp FUTURE RESEARCH
DIRECTIONS
ldquoThe future directions of study
will aim to enlarge the sample
and employ if possible
additional variables and
quarterly datardquo
ldquoThe limitations of the research
derive from therdquo
bull sample size
bull variables employed
bull types of data (annual
quarterly etc)
bull methods
bull time span
Connection with the future study
direction
Abstract
bull Summarizes the research and the conclusions
bull Is your advertisment = rdquoSellsrdquo your work
bull 50-300 words (200 typical length) (Refer to
author guidelines)
bull Stand-alone (NO references)
bull Indicates usefulness
bull Targets the audience
Writing the abstract-Long version
Originalityvalue
Research limitationsimplications
Findings
Designmethodologyapproach
Purpose
bullBased on the Emerald Structured Abstract
Writing the abstract-Short version
The Findings
The Arguments
The Purpose
Fancy title
bull Academic Titles Have Three Parts
bull (A) A catchy hook that introduces the
paper in a creative way
bull (B) Specific keywords that identify the
concepts the scholar will be exploring
bull (C) The location where those keywords
will be explored
bull 8-15 words
bull Main themeresearch topic research
design + population + geographical area
Fancy title- Examples
bull Globalization versus Segregation-Business Cycles
Synchronization in Europe
bull Is trade a vector of business cycles synchronization A
Fuzzy Cluster Approach of Globalization
bull Leaders and Followers in the Business Cycle Game A
Case Study of the G7
bull Hard or fuzzy clusters in assessing business cycle
transmission
bull The reverse alchemy of the business cycle
References section
In-text citations
All the cited
works compose
the Reference
List
Types of in-text citation
bull Varies from
Journal to Journal
bull Always check the
Authorrsquos
Guidelines
bull MS Office offers
APA
Harvard
Chicago
IEEE (reference order)
ISO 690 (Numerical
reference)
Includes only the
works cited in the
paper
Contains papers
read not
necessary cited
What makes good writing
Having something
to say
Logical thinking
A few simple
learnable rules of
style
Writing- Tips and tricks
Read pay attention and imitate
Talk about your research before trying to write about it
Stop waiting for ldquoinspirationrdquo
Revise Nobody gets it perfect on the first try
Learn how to cut ruthlessly Never become too attached to your words
Drop the balast
bull 1 Cut unnecessary words and phrases
bull 2 Write with verbs use strong verbs
avoid turning verbs into nouns and donrsquot
bury the main verb
The BAD Writing Contest
bull The move from a structuralist account in which capital is
understood to structure social relations in relatively homologous
ways to a view of hegemony in which power relations are subject to
repetition convergence and rearticulation brought the question of
temporality into the thinking of structure and marked a shift from a
form of Althusserian theory that takes structural totalities as
theoretical objects to one in which the insights into the contingent
possibility of structure inaugurate a renewed conception of
hegemony as bound up with the contingent sites and strategies of
the rearticulation of power
bull Butlerrsquos Diacritics (1997)
Balast to drop-Examples
1 Dead weight words and
phrases
bull As it is well known
bull As it has been shown
bull It can be regarded that
bull It should be emphasized
that
2 Empty words and
phrases
bull methodologic
bull important
3 Long words or phrases
that could be short
4 Unnecessary jargon
and acronyms
5 Repetitive words or
phrases
6 Adverbs
bull very really quite
basically generally etc
Substitute damn every time
youre inclined to write very
your editor will delete it and the
writing will be just as it should
be(Mark Twain)
Active vs Passive voice
Passive voice (Was done)
bull For previous studies
bull Literature reviewActive voice (I We did)
bull For new exciting own results
bull Original research
Verbs make the World go round
Donrsquot turn verbs into
nouns
Donrsquot bury the
main verb
Writing Environment
bull MS Word
bull Developed for average
users
bull WYSIWYG
bull Auto references
bull Thesaurus
bull LaTeX
bull Developed for
profesionals
bull Requires learning the
syntax
bull Latex makes difficult
things easy and easy
things very difficult
bull Prefered by publishers
LaTeX
Tables and figures
Tables
bull Most journals use three
horizontal lines one
above the column
headings one below the
column headings and
one below the data
bull Follow journal guidelines
bull DO NOT copy-paste
result tables directly from
software
Figures
bull Visual impact
bull Show trends and patterns
bull Tell a quick story
bull Tell the whole story
bull Highlight a particular
result
bull Always provide caption
bull Use high resolution (1000
dpi BampW 300 dpi color)
Tables-Examples
Figures- Examples
Final draft check-list
bull Check for consistency
bull Check for numerical consistencybull Do the numbers in your abstract match the numbers in your
tablesfigurestext
bull Do the numbers in the text match those in the tablesfigures
bull Do the numbers in each tablefigure match those in other tablesfigures
bull Check your references style
bull Check your overall style
Submission information
bull Authorship
This can be a point of contention when
writing in groups so establish
expectations for roles and responsibilities
early in the writing process
bull Permissions and Approvals
bull permissions for reprinting copyrighted
material
bull Ethical Considerations
Plagiarism amp Self- plagiarism
bull Passing off other
peoplersquos writing (or
tables and figures) as
your own
bull cutting and pasting
sentences or even
phrases from another
source
bull slightly rewriting or re-
arranging othersrsquo
words
Recycling your own
writing or data
bull Copying or only
slightly rewriting text
from your own
published papers
bull Adding new data to
already published
data and presenting it
as new results
Submitting identical or overlapping data to multiple journals
Submission checklist
bull Keywords
bull JEL Codes
bull All figure captions
bull All tables (including title description)
bull Manuscript has been spell-checked and grammar-
checked
bull References are in the correct format for this journal
bull All references mentioned in the Reference list are cited
in the text and vice versa
bull Permission has been obtained for use of copyrighted
material from other sources (including the Web)
Cover letter
Put the puzzle together
LOGO
Thank You
Bibliography
bull Jaba E (2002) Statistica Editura Economică București
bull Day A amp Peters A D (1996) How to get research published in journals Aldershot
Gower
bull Academic Writing and Research Skills Workshop Mancester University
bull APA Research Style Crib Sheet by Professor Russ Dewey amp Dr Abel Scribe PhD -
Fall 2007
bull Writing Articles for Peer-Review Publications A Quick Reference Guide
bull Chin B (2004) How to write a great research paper John Wiley amp Sons
bull Pieter M Kroonenberg (2007)How to write an article Leiden University
bull Daniel P J Soule Lucy Whiteley and Shona McIntosh Writing for Scholarly
Journals eSharp
bull Stephen E Dew (2013)The 5 Step Essay Writing Process
bull Kristin Sainani Writing in the Sciences Stanford University
bull httpwebupaczasitefilesfile40753writing_an_academic_journal_articlepdf
bull Sebastian-Florian Enea Silvia Palașcă Claudiu Țigănaș (2013) G7 COUNTRIES ndash
ADVOCATES OF THE GLOBAL BUSINESS CYCLE GEBA 2013 Iași
bull Enea Sebastian (2013) EVALUATING GLOBALIZATION BY MEANS OF FUZZY
CLUSTER ANALYSIS IE Bucharest
bull Oxford Dictionary httpwwwoxforddictionariescom
GENERAL RULE
Methodology and or methods
Methodology
bull The study of a
single or multiple
methods
Methods
bull Ways instruments
procedures
employed to
complete the
research objectives
Empirical approach
1bull Population Sample
2
bull Data
bull Variables
3bull Methods
Population and Sample
bull ldquoThe research
population is
represented by all
the European
states rdquo
bull ldquo out of which we
have selected a
number of 24
European Union
members and 6
neighbouring
countries of the EUrdquo
Very very important
Mention if you have excluded
a number of entities from the
sample and motivate why
bull ldquoSome entities were deliberately excluded
from this analysis either on lack of relevant
data or a very different economical situation
leading to outliersrdquo
Data and variables
Source
Description
of data
Mention the
calculus method
Data Variables
Data and datum
Datum = noun singular form
Data = noun plural form
DATAS - Pieces of Data
Do not try to
dribble the
English grammar
Methods section
bull Explain how you have studied the research hypotheses
issues problems etc
bull Identify and structure logically the procedures employed
New method
bull Give precise and correct details
Previously published method
bull Name and cite it
Mathematical method
bull Include the formula
Results amp Discussions
bull Present results in a clear logical
sequence
bull Link findings to the aim of the article
bull WHATrsquoS NEW
bull Discuss findings by reffering to existing
literature
bull Possible implications
bull Also report uncertainties
bull DO NOT SPECULATE JUST REPORT
Results amp Discussions
bull Use tables and figures to support your arguments
bull Provide captions and legends for all your figures and tables
bull Use measure units where appropriate
bull NEVER USE RAW DATA
bull Be parsimonious about tables and figures
bull Never duplicate (same information both in table and in figure)
Results- Statistical issues
1 Descriptive analysis of the variables and
checking assumptions- to check for correctness of the data
- to acquire a feel for the raw data so that you recognize unusual
outcomes in your results
- to check whether the assumptions of the main analysis technique
have been fulfilled to a reasonable level
- to detect and explain of missing data or subjects with unusual
data
Dependent variables Independent
variables
Reporting statistics
bull MeanStandard
Deviation and
percentages are most
clearly presented in
parenthesesldquoThe sample as a whole was
relatively young (M = 1922 SD =
345)rdquo ƒ
bull Never report the
significance level as
p =0000 correct is
p lt0001
bull Chi-square -degrees
of freedom and
sample size in
parentheses followed
by chi-square statistic
(round to two decimal
places) and the
significance level
bull ldquoThe proportion of older male
teachers was 086 whereas the
proportion of younger male
teachers was 052 This difference
is significant (2 N = 167) =
2201 p lt 01rdquo
2
Reporting statistics
bull Correlations are
reported with their
degrees of freedom
(N-2) in parentheses
together with the
significance level in
this way
bull ldquoThe two variables were strongly
correlated r(55) =49 p lt01rdquo
bull ƒ t Tests are reported
with the degrees of
freedom in
parentheses followed
by the t statistic
(rounded to two
decimal places) and
the significance level
bull ldquoThere was a significant effect for
gender t(54) = 543 p lt001 with
men receiving higher scores than
womenrdquo
Reporting statistics
bull Regression results are often best
presented in a table
bull Include the standardized slope (beta)
along with the t-test and the corresponding
significance level
bull ldquoSocial support significantly predicted depression scores beta= -34 t(225)
= 653 p lt01 Social support also explained a significant proportion of
variance in depression scores R2 =12 F(1 225) = 4264 p lt01 rdquo
Tables and figures
Tables
bull Remove grid lines
bull Make sure everything
lines up
bull Keep a reasonable
number of significant
figures
bull Leave out
unnecessary info
Figures
bull Line Graphs-Used to
show trends over
time age
bull Bar Graphs- Used to
compare groups at
one time point
bull Scatter Plots- Used to
show relationships
between two
variables
Tables and figures- Example
Tables and figures
Do-s
bull Labeling
bull Numbering
bull Positioning
bull In-text referencing
bull Larger tables and
figuresmdashplace large
tables or figures in the
appendices
Donrsquot-s
bull Dont restructure data
from an information
source into another
format
bull Dont give extensive
descriptions in your
writing of the contents
of a table or diagram
The information in a
table or diagram tells
its own story
Insights regarding the
Introduction
Comunicates thereseach area
The authorrsquos position
Create the RESEARCH
SPACE
Short structure
bull Establish a territory ndash identify the research topic1
bull Identify a niche ndash issues gaps dilemmas that demand attention
2
bull State what your paper is going to address3
Suggested structure
Ibull Generalization about the topic
II
bull Short insights regarding the topic and or concepts (definitions debates academic conflicts)
IIIbull Find the research issue or gap
IV bull State very clearly the purpose
Vbull Structure of the article
GENERALIZATION ABOUT THE
TOPIC
ldquoConsidered to be one of the most important
contemporary phenomena by the national and
international literature globalization represents
a key research issue within in the academic
fieldrdquo
SHORT INSIGHTS REGARDING THE
TOPIC AND OR CONCEPTS
ldquoUsed as a term for the first time in 1983 in order to
(citation) globalization can be perceived as rdquo
The literature on business cycles acknowledges two
types of cycles the ldquoclassicalrdquo cycle as defined by hellip
(citation) and the one based on deviations or growths
where the underlying idea is that hellip (citation) ldquo
FIND THE RESEARCH ISSUE OR
GAP
ldquoThe main challenge that globalization puts forward
is that of finding alternative methods that can evaluate
its impact on the international economy
an analysis based on the idea that business cycles
synchronization represents a direct effect of
globalization offers the possibility to better grasp the
nature and dynamics of these vast processesrdquo
State very clearly the purpose
bull The present study seeks to
address the following questions
Are there pieces of evidence
regarding the synchronization
of business cycles between
the G7 countries and if this
is proved to be true
Can these seven countries be
considered the promoters of
economic globalization
This paper aims to estimate the synchronization of business cycles
perceived as an effect of globalization on the basis of the relationship
that exists between the growth rate of the GDP and inflows and
outflows of foreign direct investments (FDI) considered as percentage
of the GDP
Tips for writing the
Conclusions
bull Conclusions = the summing-up of an
argument or text
bull From the verb to conclude = to bring or
come to an end to sum up
Suggested structure
I
bull General assessment of the topic
bull Link to the purpose of the paper
II
bull Short and concise remarks regarding the findings
III
bull Contributions of the study
IV
bull Limitations of the research
bull Future research directions
GENERAL ASSESSMENT OF THE TOPIC amp
LINK TO THE PURPOSE OF THE PAPER
ldquoBoth globalization and business cycles are elusive economical
phenomena hence they represents a continuous research puzzle
for the academic community and an inexhaustible source of
possible inquiriesrdquo
ldquoThe main purpose of the research was to assess the business
cycle synchronization patterns inside the G7 in order to better
grasp the transformations that hellipldquo
SHORT AND CONCISE REMARKS
REGARDING THE FINDINGS
ldquoThe study has showed that in general hellip One of the
more important findings that emerge from the research
is fact that hellipThe second major finding is that hellip thus it
highlights the cases of hellip previously discussed It can
also be said that helliprdquo
CONTRIBUTIONS OF THE STUDY
ldquoThe contribution of the research founded on the
existence of resides in the explanation of and
also the Another implication of the present paper is
that it highlights the importance rdquo
ldquoThe novelty of the study is the use the ltlt X gtgt method
in order to study the helliprdquo
LIMITATIONS amp FUTURE RESEARCH
DIRECTIONS
ldquoThe future directions of study
will aim to enlarge the sample
and employ if possible
additional variables and
quarterly datardquo
ldquoThe limitations of the research
derive from therdquo
bull sample size
bull variables employed
bull types of data (annual
quarterly etc)
bull methods
bull time span
Connection with the future study
direction
Abstract
bull Summarizes the research and the conclusions
bull Is your advertisment = rdquoSellsrdquo your work
bull 50-300 words (200 typical length) (Refer to
author guidelines)
bull Stand-alone (NO references)
bull Indicates usefulness
bull Targets the audience
Writing the abstract-Long version
Originalityvalue
Research limitationsimplications
Findings
Designmethodologyapproach
Purpose
bullBased on the Emerald Structured Abstract
Writing the abstract-Short version
The Findings
The Arguments
The Purpose
Fancy title
bull Academic Titles Have Three Parts
bull (A) A catchy hook that introduces the
paper in a creative way
bull (B) Specific keywords that identify the
concepts the scholar will be exploring
bull (C) The location where those keywords
will be explored
bull 8-15 words
bull Main themeresearch topic research
design + population + geographical area
Fancy title- Examples
bull Globalization versus Segregation-Business Cycles
Synchronization in Europe
bull Is trade a vector of business cycles synchronization A
Fuzzy Cluster Approach of Globalization
bull Leaders and Followers in the Business Cycle Game A
Case Study of the G7
bull Hard or fuzzy clusters in assessing business cycle
transmission
bull The reverse alchemy of the business cycle
References section
In-text citations
All the cited
works compose
the Reference
List
Types of in-text citation
bull Varies from
Journal to Journal
bull Always check the
Authorrsquos
Guidelines
bull MS Office offers
APA
Harvard
Chicago
IEEE (reference order)
ISO 690 (Numerical
reference)
Includes only the
works cited in the
paper
Contains papers
read not
necessary cited
What makes good writing
Having something
to say
Logical thinking
A few simple
learnable rules of
style
Writing- Tips and tricks
Read pay attention and imitate
Talk about your research before trying to write about it
Stop waiting for ldquoinspirationrdquo
Revise Nobody gets it perfect on the first try
Learn how to cut ruthlessly Never become too attached to your words
Drop the balast
bull 1 Cut unnecessary words and phrases
bull 2 Write with verbs use strong verbs
avoid turning verbs into nouns and donrsquot
bury the main verb
The BAD Writing Contest
bull The move from a structuralist account in which capital is
understood to structure social relations in relatively homologous
ways to a view of hegemony in which power relations are subject to
repetition convergence and rearticulation brought the question of
temporality into the thinking of structure and marked a shift from a
form of Althusserian theory that takes structural totalities as
theoretical objects to one in which the insights into the contingent
possibility of structure inaugurate a renewed conception of
hegemony as bound up with the contingent sites and strategies of
the rearticulation of power
bull Butlerrsquos Diacritics (1997)
Balast to drop-Examples
1 Dead weight words and
phrases
bull As it is well known
bull As it has been shown
bull It can be regarded that
bull It should be emphasized
that
2 Empty words and
phrases
bull methodologic
bull important
3 Long words or phrases
that could be short
4 Unnecessary jargon
and acronyms
5 Repetitive words or
phrases
6 Adverbs
bull very really quite
basically generally etc
Substitute damn every time
youre inclined to write very
your editor will delete it and the
writing will be just as it should
be(Mark Twain)
Active vs Passive voice
Passive voice (Was done)
bull For previous studies
bull Literature reviewActive voice (I We did)
bull For new exciting own results
bull Original research
Verbs make the World go round
Donrsquot turn verbs into
nouns
Donrsquot bury the
main verb
Writing Environment
bull MS Word
bull Developed for average
users
bull WYSIWYG
bull Auto references
bull Thesaurus
bull LaTeX
bull Developed for
profesionals
bull Requires learning the
syntax
bull Latex makes difficult
things easy and easy
things very difficult
bull Prefered by publishers
LaTeX
Tables and figures
Tables
bull Most journals use three
horizontal lines one
above the column
headings one below the
column headings and
one below the data
bull Follow journal guidelines
bull DO NOT copy-paste
result tables directly from
software
Figures
bull Visual impact
bull Show trends and patterns
bull Tell a quick story
bull Tell the whole story
bull Highlight a particular
result
bull Always provide caption
bull Use high resolution (1000
dpi BampW 300 dpi color)
Tables-Examples
Figures- Examples
Final draft check-list
bull Check for consistency
bull Check for numerical consistencybull Do the numbers in your abstract match the numbers in your
tablesfigurestext
bull Do the numbers in the text match those in the tablesfigures
bull Do the numbers in each tablefigure match those in other tablesfigures
bull Check your references style
bull Check your overall style
Submission information
bull Authorship
This can be a point of contention when
writing in groups so establish
expectations for roles and responsibilities
early in the writing process
bull Permissions and Approvals
bull permissions for reprinting copyrighted
material
bull Ethical Considerations
Plagiarism amp Self- plagiarism
bull Passing off other
peoplersquos writing (or
tables and figures) as
your own
bull cutting and pasting
sentences or even
phrases from another
source
bull slightly rewriting or re-
arranging othersrsquo
words
Recycling your own
writing or data
bull Copying or only
slightly rewriting text
from your own
published papers
bull Adding new data to
already published
data and presenting it
as new results
Submitting identical or overlapping data to multiple journals
Submission checklist
bull Keywords
bull JEL Codes
bull All figure captions
bull All tables (including title description)
bull Manuscript has been spell-checked and grammar-
checked
bull References are in the correct format for this journal
bull All references mentioned in the Reference list are cited
in the text and vice versa
bull Permission has been obtained for use of copyrighted
material from other sources (including the Web)
Cover letter
Put the puzzle together
LOGO
Thank You
Bibliography
bull Jaba E (2002) Statistica Editura Economică București
bull Day A amp Peters A D (1996) How to get research published in journals Aldershot
Gower
bull Academic Writing and Research Skills Workshop Mancester University
bull APA Research Style Crib Sheet by Professor Russ Dewey amp Dr Abel Scribe PhD -
Fall 2007
bull Writing Articles for Peer-Review Publications A Quick Reference Guide
bull Chin B (2004) How to write a great research paper John Wiley amp Sons
bull Pieter M Kroonenberg (2007)How to write an article Leiden University
bull Daniel P J Soule Lucy Whiteley and Shona McIntosh Writing for Scholarly
Journals eSharp
bull Stephen E Dew (2013)The 5 Step Essay Writing Process
bull Kristin Sainani Writing in the Sciences Stanford University
bull httpwebupaczasitefilesfile40753writing_an_academic_journal_articlepdf
bull Sebastian-Florian Enea Silvia Palașcă Claudiu Țigănaș (2013) G7 COUNTRIES ndash
ADVOCATES OF THE GLOBAL BUSINESS CYCLE GEBA 2013 Iași
bull Enea Sebastian (2013) EVALUATING GLOBALIZATION BY MEANS OF FUZZY
CLUSTER ANALYSIS IE Bucharest
bull Oxford Dictionary httpwwwoxforddictionariescom
Methodology and or methods
Methodology
bull The study of a
single or multiple
methods
Methods
bull Ways instruments
procedures
employed to
complete the
research objectives
Empirical approach
1bull Population Sample
2
bull Data
bull Variables
3bull Methods
Population and Sample
bull ldquoThe research
population is
represented by all
the European
states rdquo
bull ldquo out of which we
have selected a
number of 24
European Union
members and 6
neighbouring
countries of the EUrdquo
Very very important
Mention if you have excluded
a number of entities from the
sample and motivate why
bull ldquoSome entities were deliberately excluded
from this analysis either on lack of relevant
data or a very different economical situation
leading to outliersrdquo
Data and variables
Source
Description
of data
Mention the
calculus method
Data Variables
Data and datum
Datum = noun singular form
Data = noun plural form
DATAS - Pieces of Data
Do not try to
dribble the
English grammar
Methods section
bull Explain how you have studied the research hypotheses
issues problems etc
bull Identify and structure logically the procedures employed
New method
bull Give precise and correct details
Previously published method
bull Name and cite it
Mathematical method
bull Include the formula
Results amp Discussions
bull Present results in a clear logical
sequence
bull Link findings to the aim of the article
bull WHATrsquoS NEW
bull Discuss findings by reffering to existing
literature
bull Possible implications
bull Also report uncertainties
bull DO NOT SPECULATE JUST REPORT
Results amp Discussions
bull Use tables and figures to support your arguments
bull Provide captions and legends for all your figures and tables
bull Use measure units where appropriate
bull NEVER USE RAW DATA
bull Be parsimonious about tables and figures
bull Never duplicate (same information both in table and in figure)
Results- Statistical issues
1 Descriptive analysis of the variables and
checking assumptions- to check for correctness of the data
- to acquire a feel for the raw data so that you recognize unusual
outcomes in your results
- to check whether the assumptions of the main analysis technique
have been fulfilled to a reasonable level
- to detect and explain of missing data or subjects with unusual
data
Dependent variables Independent
variables
Reporting statistics
bull MeanStandard
Deviation and
percentages are most
clearly presented in
parenthesesldquoThe sample as a whole was
relatively young (M = 1922 SD =
345)rdquo ƒ
bull Never report the
significance level as
p =0000 correct is
p lt0001
bull Chi-square -degrees
of freedom and
sample size in
parentheses followed
by chi-square statistic
(round to two decimal
places) and the
significance level
bull ldquoThe proportion of older male
teachers was 086 whereas the
proportion of younger male
teachers was 052 This difference
is significant (2 N = 167) =
2201 p lt 01rdquo
2
Reporting statistics
bull Correlations are
reported with their
degrees of freedom
(N-2) in parentheses
together with the
significance level in
this way
bull ldquoThe two variables were strongly
correlated r(55) =49 p lt01rdquo
bull ƒ t Tests are reported
with the degrees of
freedom in
parentheses followed
by the t statistic
(rounded to two
decimal places) and
the significance level
bull ldquoThere was a significant effect for
gender t(54) = 543 p lt001 with
men receiving higher scores than
womenrdquo
Reporting statistics
bull Regression results are often best
presented in a table
bull Include the standardized slope (beta)
along with the t-test and the corresponding
significance level
bull ldquoSocial support significantly predicted depression scores beta= -34 t(225)
= 653 p lt01 Social support also explained a significant proportion of
variance in depression scores R2 =12 F(1 225) = 4264 p lt01 rdquo
Tables and figures
Tables
bull Remove grid lines
bull Make sure everything
lines up
bull Keep a reasonable
number of significant
figures
bull Leave out
unnecessary info
Figures
bull Line Graphs-Used to
show trends over
time age
bull Bar Graphs- Used to
compare groups at
one time point
bull Scatter Plots- Used to
show relationships
between two
variables
Tables and figures- Example
Tables and figures
Do-s
bull Labeling
bull Numbering
bull Positioning
bull In-text referencing
bull Larger tables and
figuresmdashplace large
tables or figures in the
appendices
Donrsquot-s
bull Dont restructure data
from an information
source into another
format
bull Dont give extensive
descriptions in your
writing of the contents
of a table or diagram
The information in a
table or diagram tells
its own story
Insights regarding the
Introduction
Comunicates thereseach area
The authorrsquos position
Create the RESEARCH
SPACE
Short structure
bull Establish a territory ndash identify the research topic1
bull Identify a niche ndash issues gaps dilemmas that demand attention
2
bull State what your paper is going to address3
Suggested structure
Ibull Generalization about the topic
II
bull Short insights regarding the topic and or concepts (definitions debates academic conflicts)
IIIbull Find the research issue or gap
IV bull State very clearly the purpose
Vbull Structure of the article
GENERALIZATION ABOUT THE
TOPIC
ldquoConsidered to be one of the most important
contemporary phenomena by the national and
international literature globalization represents
a key research issue within in the academic
fieldrdquo
SHORT INSIGHTS REGARDING THE
TOPIC AND OR CONCEPTS
ldquoUsed as a term for the first time in 1983 in order to
(citation) globalization can be perceived as rdquo
The literature on business cycles acknowledges two
types of cycles the ldquoclassicalrdquo cycle as defined by hellip
(citation) and the one based on deviations or growths
where the underlying idea is that hellip (citation) ldquo
FIND THE RESEARCH ISSUE OR
GAP
ldquoThe main challenge that globalization puts forward
is that of finding alternative methods that can evaluate
its impact on the international economy
an analysis based on the idea that business cycles
synchronization represents a direct effect of
globalization offers the possibility to better grasp the
nature and dynamics of these vast processesrdquo
State very clearly the purpose
bull The present study seeks to
address the following questions
Are there pieces of evidence
regarding the synchronization
of business cycles between
the G7 countries and if this
is proved to be true
Can these seven countries be
considered the promoters of
economic globalization
This paper aims to estimate the synchronization of business cycles
perceived as an effect of globalization on the basis of the relationship
that exists between the growth rate of the GDP and inflows and
outflows of foreign direct investments (FDI) considered as percentage
of the GDP
Tips for writing the
Conclusions
bull Conclusions = the summing-up of an
argument or text
bull From the verb to conclude = to bring or
come to an end to sum up
Suggested structure
I
bull General assessment of the topic
bull Link to the purpose of the paper
II
bull Short and concise remarks regarding the findings
III
bull Contributions of the study
IV
bull Limitations of the research
bull Future research directions
GENERAL ASSESSMENT OF THE TOPIC amp
LINK TO THE PURPOSE OF THE PAPER
ldquoBoth globalization and business cycles are elusive economical
phenomena hence they represents a continuous research puzzle
for the academic community and an inexhaustible source of
possible inquiriesrdquo
ldquoThe main purpose of the research was to assess the business
cycle synchronization patterns inside the G7 in order to better
grasp the transformations that hellipldquo
SHORT AND CONCISE REMARKS
REGARDING THE FINDINGS
ldquoThe study has showed that in general hellip One of the
more important findings that emerge from the research
is fact that hellipThe second major finding is that hellip thus it
highlights the cases of hellip previously discussed It can
also be said that helliprdquo
CONTRIBUTIONS OF THE STUDY
ldquoThe contribution of the research founded on the
existence of resides in the explanation of and
also the Another implication of the present paper is
that it highlights the importance rdquo
ldquoThe novelty of the study is the use the ltlt X gtgt method
in order to study the helliprdquo
LIMITATIONS amp FUTURE RESEARCH
DIRECTIONS
ldquoThe future directions of study
will aim to enlarge the sample
and employ if possible
additional variables and
quarterly datardquo
ldquoThe limitations of the research
derive from therdquo
bull sample size
bull variables employed
bull types of data (annual
quarterly etc)
bull methods
bull time span
Connection with the future study
direction
Abstract
bull Summarizes the research and the conclusions
bull Is your advertisment = rdquoSellsrdquo your work
bull 50-300 words (200 typical length) (Refer to
author guidelines)
bull Stand-alone (NO references)
bull Indicates usefulness
bull Targets the audience
Writing the abstract-Long version
Originalityvalue
Research limitationsimplications
Findings
Designmethodologyapproach
Purpose
bullBased on the Emerald Structured Abstract
Writing the abstract-Short version
The Findings
The Arguments
The Purpose
Fancy title
bull Academic Titles Have Three Parts
bull (A) A catchy hook that introduces the
paper in a creative way
bull (B) Specific keywords that identify the
concepts the scholar will be exploring
bull (C) The location where those keywords
will be explored
bull 8-15 words
bull Main themeresearch topic research
design + population + geographical area
Fancy title- Examples
bull Globalization versus Segregation-Business Cycles
Synchronization in Europe
bull Is trade a vector of business cycles synchronization A
Fuzzy Cluster Approach of Globalization
bull Leaders and Followers in the Business Cycle Game A
Case Study of the G7
bull Hard or fuzzy clusters in assessing business cycle
transmission
bull The reverse alchemy of the business cycle
References section
In-text citations
All the cited
works compose
the Reference
List
Types of in-text citation
bull Varies from
Journal to Journal
bull Always check the
Authorrsquos
Guidelines
bull MS Office offers
APA
Harvard
Chicago
IEEE (reference order)
ISO 690 (Numerical
reference)
Includes only the
works cited in the
paper
Contains papers
read not
necessary cited
What makes good writing
Having something
to say
Logical thinking
A few simple
learnable rules of
style
Writing- Tips and tricks
Read pay attention and imitate
Talk about your research before trying to write about it
Stop waiting for ldquoinspirationrdquo
Revise Nobody gets it perfect on the first try
Learn how to cut ruthlessly Never become too attached to your words
Drop the balast
bull 1 Cut unnecessary words and phrases
bull 2 Write with verbs use strong verbs
avoid turning verbs into nouns and donrsquot
bury the main verb
The BAD Writing Contest
bull The move from a structuralist account in which capital is
understood to structure social relations in relatively homologous
ways to a view of hegemony in which power relations are subject to
repetition convergence and rearticulation brought the question of
temporality into the thinking of structure and marked a shift from a
form of Althusserian theory that takes structural totalities as
theoretical objects to one in which the insights into the contingent
possibility of structure inaugurate a renewed conception of
hegemony as bound up with the contingent sites and strategies of
the rearticulation of power
bull Butlerrsquos Diacritics (1997)
Balast to drop-Examples
1 Dead weight words and
phrases
bull As it is well known
bull As it has been shown
bull It can be regarded that
bull It should be emphasized
that
2 Empty words and
phrases
bull methodologic
bull important
3 Long words or phrases
that could be short
4 Unnecessary jargon
and acronyms
5 Repetitive words or
phrases
6 Adverbs
bull very really quite
basically generally etc
Substitute damn every time
youre inclined to write very
your editor will delete it and the
writing will be just as it should
be(Mark Twain)
Active vs Passive voice
Passive voice (Was done)
bull For previous studies
bull Literature reviewActive voice (I We did)
bull For new exciting own results
bull Original research
Verbs make the World go round
Donrsquot turn verbs into
nouns
Donrsquot bury the
main verb
Writing Environment
bull MS Word
bull Developed for average
users
bull WYSIWYG
bull Auto references
bull Thesaurus
bull LaTeX
bull Developed for
profesionals
bull Requires learning the
syntax
bull Latex makes difficult
things easy and easy
things very difficult
bull Prefered by publishers
LaTeX
Tables and figures
Tables
bull Most journals use three
horizontal lines one
above the column
headings one below the
column headings and
one below the data
bull Follow journal guidelines
bull DO NOT copy-paste
result tables directly from
software
Figures
bull Visual impact
bull Show trends and patterns
bull Tell a quick story
bull Tell the whole story
bull Highlight a particular
result
bull Always provide caption
bull Use high resolution (1000
dpi BampW 300 dpi color)
Tables-Examples
Figures- Examples
Final draft check-list
bull Check for consistency
bull Check for numerical consistencybull Do the numbers in your abstract match the numbers in your
tablesfigurestext
bull Do the numbers in the text match those in the tablesfigures
bull Do the numbers in each tablefigure match those in other tablesfigures
bull Check your references style
bull Check your overall style
Submission information
bull Authorship
This can be a point of contention when
writing in groups so establish
expectations for roles and responsibilities
early in the writing process
bull Permissions and Approvals
bull permissions for reprinting copyrighted
material
bull Ethical Considerations
Plagiarism amp Self- plagiarism
bull Passing off other
peoplersquos writing (or
tables and figures) as
your own
bull cutting and pasting
sentences or even
phrases from another
source
bull slightly rewriting or re-
arranging othersrsquo
words
Recycling your own
writing or data
bull Copying or only
slightly rewriting text
from your own
published papers
bull Adding new data to
already published
data and presenting it
as new results
Submitting identical or overlapping data to multiple journals
Submission checklist
bull Keywords
bull JEL Codes
bull All figure captions
bull All tables (including title description)
bull Manuscript has been spell-checked and grammar-
checked
bull References are in the correct format for this journal
bull All references mentioned in the Reference list are cited
in the text and vice versa
bull Permission has been obtained for use of copyrighted
material from other sources (including the Web)
Cover letter
Put the puzzle together
LOGO
Thank You
Bibliography
bull Jaba E (2002) Statistica Editura Economică București
bull Day A amp Peters A D (1996) How to get research published in journals Aldershot
Gower
bull Academic Writing and Research Skills Workshop Mancester University
bull APA Research Style Crib Sheet by Professor Russ Dewey amp Dr Abel Scribe PhD -
Fall 2007
bull Writing Articles for Peer-Review Publications A Quick Reference Guide
bull Chin B (2004) How to write a great research paper John Wiley amp Sons
bull Pieter M Kroonenberg (2007)How to write an article Leiden University
bull Daniel P J Soule Lucy Whiteley and Shona McIntosh Writing for Scholarly
Journals eSharp
bull Stephen E Dew (2013)The 5 Step Essay Writing Process
bull Kristin Sainani Writing in the Sciences Stanford University
bull httpwebupaczasitefilesfile40753writing_an_academic_journal_articlepdf
bull Sebastian-Florian Enea Silvia Palașcă Claudiu Țigănaș (2013) G7 COUNTRIES ndash
ADVOCATES OF THE GLOBAL BUSINESS CYCLE GEBA 2013 Iași
bull Enea Sebastian (2013) EVALUATING GLOBALIZATION BY MEANS OF FUZZY
CLUSTER ANALYSIS IE Bucharest
bull Oxford Dictionary httpwwwoxforddictionariescom
Empirical approach
1bull Population Sample
2
bull Data
bull Variables
3bull Methods
Population and Sample
bull ldquoThe research
population is
represented by all
the European
states rdquo
bull ldquo out of which we
have selected a
number of 24
European Union
members and 6
neighbouring
countries of the EUrdquo
Very very important
Mention if you have excluded
a number of entities from the
sample and motivate why
bull ldquoSome entities were deliberately excluded
from this analysis either on lack of relevant
data or a very different economical situation
leading to outliersrdquo
Data and variables
Source
Description
of data
Mention the
calculus method
Data Variables
Data and datum
Datum = noun singular form
Data = noun plural form
DATAS - Pieces of Data
Do not try to
dribble the
English grammar
Methods section
bull Explain how you have studied the research hypotheses
issues problems etc
bull Identify and structure logically the procedures employed
New method
bull Give precise and correct details
Previously published method
bull Name and cite it
Mathematical method
bull Include the formula
Results amp Discussions
bull Present results in a clear logical
sequence
bull Link findings to the aim of the article
bull WHATrsquoS NEW
bull Discuss findings by reffering to existing
literature
bull Possible implications
bull Also report uncertainties
bull DO NOT SPECULATE JUST REPORT
Results amp Discussions
bull Use tables and figures to support your arguments
bull Provide captions and legends for all your figures and tables
bull Use measure units where appropriate
bull NEVER USE RAW DATA
bull Be parsimonious about tables and figures
bull Never duplicate (same information both in table and in figure)
Results- Statistical issues
1 Descriptive analysis of the variables and
checking assumptions- to check for correctness of the data
- to acquire a feel for the raw data so that you recognize unusual
outcomes in your results
- to check whether the assumptions of the main analysis technique
have been fulfilled to a reasonable level
- to detect and explain of missing data or subjects with unusual
data
Dependent variables Independent
variables
Reporting statistics
bull MeanStandard
Deviation and
percentages are most
clearly presented in
parenthesesldquoThe sample as a whole was
relatively young (M = 1922 SD =
345)rdquo ƒ
bull Never report the
significance level as
p =0000 correct is
p lt0001
bull Chi-square -degrees
of freedom and
sample size in
parentheses followed
by chi-square statistic
(round to two decimal
places) and the
significance level
bull ldquoThe proportion of older male
teachers was 086 whereas the
proportion of younger male
teachers was 052 This difference
is significant (2 N = 167) =
2201 p lt 01rdquo
2
Reporting statistics
bull Correlations are
reported with their
degrees of freedom
(N-2) in parentheses
together with the
significance level in
this way
bull ldquoThe two variables were strongly
correlated r(55) =49 p lt01rdquo
bull ƒ t Tests are reported
with the degrees of
freedom in
parentheses followed
by the t statistic
(rounded to two
decimal places) and
the significance level
bull ldquoThere was a significant effect for
gender t(54) = 543 p lt001 with
men receiving higher scores than
womenrdquo
Reporting statistics
bull Regression results are often best
presented in a table
bull Include the standardized slope (beta)
along with the t-test and the corresponding
significance level
bull ldquoSocial support significantly predicted depression scores beta= -34 t(225)
= 653 p lt01 Social support also explained a significant proportion of
variance in depression scores R2 =12 F(1 225) = 4264 p lt01 rdquo
Tables and figures
Tables
bull Remove grid lines
bull Make sure everything
lines up
bull Keep a reasonable
number of significant
figures
bull Leave out
unnecessary info
Figures
bull Line Graphs-Used to
show trends over
time age
bull Bar Graphs- Used to
compare groups at
one time point
bull Scatter Plots- Used to
show relationships
between two
variables
Tables and figures- Example
Tables and figures
Do-s
bull Labeling
bull Numbering
bull Positioning
bull In-text referencing
bull Larger tables and
figuresmdashplace large
tables or figures in the
appendices
Donrsquot-s
bull Dont restructure data
from an information
source into another
format
bull Dont give extensive
descriptions in your
writing of the contents
of a table or diagram
The information in a
table or diagram tells
its own story
Insights regarding the
Introduction
Comunicates thereseach area
The authorrsquos position
Create the RESEARCH
SPACE
Short structure
bull Establish a territory ndash identify the research topic1
bull Identify a niche ndash issues gaps dilemmas that demand attention
2
bull State what your paper is going to address3
Suggested structure
Ibull Generalization about the topic
II
bull Short insights regarding the topic and or concepts (definitions debates academic conflicts)
IIIbull Find the research issue or gap
IV bull State very clearly the purpose
Vbull Structure of the article
GENERALIZATION ABOUT THE
TOPIC
ldquoConsidered to be one of the most important
contemporary phenomena by the national and
international literature globalization represents
a key research issue within in the academic
fieldrdquo
SHORT INSIGHTS REGARDING THE
TOPIC AND OR CONCEPTS
ldquoUsed as a term for the first time in 1983 in order to
(citation) globalization can be perceived as rdquo
The literature on business cycles acknowledges two
types of cycles the ldquoclassicalrdquo cycle as defined by hellip
(citation) and the one based on deviations or growths
where the underlying idea is that hellip (citation) ldquo
FIND THE RESEARCH ISSUE OR
GAP
ldquoThe main challenge that globalization puts forward
is that of finding alternative methods that can evaluate
its impact on the international economy
an analysis based on the idea that business cycles
synchronization represents a direct effect of
globalization offers the possibility to better grasp the
nature and dynamics of these vast processesrdquo
State very clearly the purpose
bull The present study seeks to
address the following questions
Are there pieces of evidence
regarding the synchronization
of business cycles between
the G7 countries and if this
is proved to be true
Can these seven countries be
considered the promoters of
economic globalization
This paper aims to estimate the synchronization of business cycles
perceived as an effect of globalization on the basis of the relationship
that exists between the growth rate of the GDP and inflows and
outflows of foreign direct investments (FDI) considered as percentage
of the GDP
Tips for writing the
Conclusions
bull Conclusions = the summing-up of an
argument or text
bull From the verb to conclude = to bring or
come to an end to sum up
Suggested structure
I
bull General assessment of the topic
bull Link to the purpose of the paper
II
bull Short and concise remarks regarding the findings
III
bull Contributions of the study
IV
bull Limitations of the research
bull Future research directions
GENERAL ASSESSMENT OF THE TOPIC amp
LINK TO THE PURPOSE OF THE PAPER
ldquoBoth globalization and business cycles are elusive economical
phenomena hence they represents a continuous research puzzle
for the academic community and an inexhaustible source of
possible inquiriesrdquo
ldquoThe main purpose of the research was to assess the business
cycle synchronization patterns inside the G7 in order to better
grasp the transformations that hellipldquo
SHORT AND CONCISE REMARKS
REGARDING THE FINDINGS
ldquoThe study has showed that in general hellip One of the
more important findings that emerge from the research
is fact that hellipThe second major finding is that hellip thus it
highlights the cases of hellip previously discussed It can
also be said that helliprdquo
CONTRIBUTIONS OF THE STUDY
ldquoThe contribution of the research founded on the
existence of resides in the explanation of and
also the Another implication of the present paper is
that it highlights the importance rdquo
ldquoThe novelty of the study is the use the ltlt X gtgt method
in order to study the helliprdquo
LIMITATIONS amp FUTURE RESEARCH
DIRECTIONS
ldquoThe future directions of study
will aim to enlarge the sample
and employ if possible
additional variables and
quarterly datardquo
ldquoThe limitations of the research
derive from therdquo
bull sample size
bull variables employed
bull types of data (annual
quarterly etc)
bull methods
bull time span
Connection with the future study
direction
Abstract
bull Summarizes the research and the conclusions
bull Is your advertisment = rdquoSellsrdquo your work
bull 50-300 words (200 typical length) (Refer to
author guidelines)
bull Stand-alone (NO references)
bull Indicates usefulness
bull Targets the audience
Writing the abstract-Long version
Originalityvalue
Research limitationsimplications
Findings
Designmethodologyapproach
Purpose
bullBased on the Emerald Structured Abstract
Writing the abstract-Short version
The Findings
The Arguments
The Purpose
Fancy title
bull Academic Titles Have Three Parts
bull (A) A catchy hook that introduces the
paper in a creative way
bull (B) Specific keywords that identify the
concepts the scholar will be exploring
bull (C) The location where those keywords
will be explored
bull 8-15 words
bull Main themeresearch topic research
design + population + geographical area
Fancy title- Examples
bull Globalization versus Segregation-Business Cycles
Synchronization in Europe
bull Is trade a vector of business cycles synchronization A
Fuzzy Cluster Approach of Globalization
bull Leaders and Followers in the Business Cycle Game A
Case Study of the G7
bull Hard or fuzzy clusters in assessing business cycle
transmission
bull The reverse alchemy of the business cycle
References section
In-text citations
All the cited
works compose
the Reference
List
Types of in-text citation
bull Varies from
Journal to Journal
bull Always check the
Authorrsquos
Guidelines
bull MS Office offers
APA
Harvard
Chicago
IEEE (reference order)
ISO 690 (Numerical
reference)
Includes only the
works cited in the
paper
Contains papers
read not
necessary cited
What makes good writing
Having something
to say
Logical thinking
A few simple
learnable rules of
style
Writing- Tips and tricks
Read pay attention and imitate
Talk about your research before trying to write about it
Stop waiting for ldquoinspirationrdquo
Revise Nobody gets it perfect on the first try
Learn how to cut ruthlessly Never become too attached to your words
Drop the balast
bull 1 Cut unnecessary words and phrases
bull 2 Write with verbs use strong verbs
avoid turning verbs into nouns and donrsquot
bury the main verb
The BAD Writing Contest
bull The move from a structuralist account in which capital is
understood to structure social relations in relatively homologous
ways to a view of hegemony in which power relations are subject to
repetition convergence and rearticulation brought the question of
temporality into the thinking of structure and marked a shift from a
form of Althusserian theory that takes structural totalities as
theoretical objects to one in which the insights into the contingent
possibility of structure inaugurate a renewed conception of
hegemony as bound up with the contingent sites and strategies of
the rearticulation of power
bull Butlerrsquos Diacritics (1997)
Balast to drop-Examples
1 Dead weight words and
phrases
bull As it is well known
bull As it has been shown
bull It can be regarded that
bull It should be emphasized
that
2 Empty words and
phrases
bull methodologic
bull important
3 Long words or phrases
that could be short
4 Unnecessary jargon
and acronyms
5 Repetitive words or
phrases
6 Adverbs
bull very really quite
basically generally etc
Substitute damn every time
youre inclined to write very
your editor will delete it and the
writing will be just as it should
be(Mark Twain)
Active vs Passive voice
Passive voice (Was done)
bull For previous studies
bull Literature reviewActive voice (I We did)
bull For new exciting own results
bull Original research
Verbs make the World go round
Donrsquot turn verbs into
nouns
Donrsquot bury the
main verb
Writing Environment
bull MS Word
bull Developed for average
users
bull WYSIWYG
bull Auto references
bull Thesaurus
bull LaTeX
bull Developed for
profesionals
bull Requires learning the
syntax
bull Latex makes difficult
things easy and easy
things very difficult
bull Prefered by publishers
LaTeX
Tables and figures
Tables
bull Most journals use three
horizontal lines one
above the column
headings one below the
column headings and
one below the data
bull Follow journal guidelines
bull DO NOT copy-paste
result tables directly from
software
Figures
bull Visual impact
bull Show trends and patterns
bull Tell a quick story
bull Tell the whole story
bull Highlight a particular
result
bull Always provide caption
bull Use high resolution (1000
dpi BampW 300 dpi color)
Tables-Examples
Figures- Examples
Final draft check-list
bull Check for consistency
bull Check for numerical consistencybull Do the numbers in your abstract match the numbers in your
tablesfigurestext
bull Do the numbers in the text match those in the tablesfigures
bull Do the numbers in each tablefigure match those in other tablesfigures
bull Check your references style
bull Check your overall style
Submission information
bull Authorship
This can be a point of contention when
writing in groups so establish
expectations for roles and responsibilities
early in the writing process
bull Permissions and Approvals
bull permissions for reprinting copyrighted
material
bull Ethical Considerations
Plagiarism amp Self- plagiarism
bull Passing off other
peoplersquos writing (or
tables and figures) as
your own
bull cutting and pasting
sentences or even
phrases from another
source
bull slightly rewriting or re-
arranging othersrsquo
words
Recycling your own
writing or data
bull Copying or only
slightly rewriting text
from your own
published papers
bull Adding new data to
already published
data and presenting it
as new results
Submitting identical or overlapping data to multiple journals
Submission checklist
bull Keywords
bull JEL Codes
bull All figure captions
bull All tables (including title description)
bull Manuscript has been spell-checked and grammar-
checked
bull References are in the correct format for this journal
bull All references mentioned in the Reference list are cited
in the text and vice versa
bull Permission has been obtained for use of copyrighted
material from other sources (including the Web)
Cover letter
Put the puzzle together
LOGO
Thank You
Bibliography
bull Jaba E (2002) Statistica Editura Economică București
bull Day A amp Peters A D (1996) How to get research published in journals Aldershot
Gower
bull Academic Writing and Research Skills Workshop Mancester University
bull APA Research Style Crib Sheet by Professor Russ Dewey amp Dr Abel Scribe PhD -
Fall 2007
bull Writing Articles for Peer-Review Publications A Quick Reference Guide
bull Chin B (2004) How to write a great research paper John Wiley amp Sons
bull Pieter M Kroonenberg (2007)How to write an article Leiden University
bull Daniel P J Soule Lucy Whiteley and Shona McIntosh Writing for Scholarly
Journals eSharp
bull Stephen E Dew (2013)The 5 Step Essay Writing Process
bull Kristin Sainani Writing in the Sciences Stanford University
bull httpwebupaczasitefilesfile40753writing_an_academic_journal_articlepdf
bull Sebastian-Florian Enea Silvia Palașcă Claudiu Țigănaș (2013) G7 COUNTRIES ndash
ADVOCATES OF THE GLOBAL BUSINESS CYCLE GEBA 2013 Iași
bull Enea Sebastian (2013) EVALUATING GLOBALIZATION BY MEANS OF FUZZY
CLUSTER ANALYSIS IE Bucharest
bull Oxford Dictionary httpwwwoxforddictionariescom
Population and Sample
bull ldquoThe research
population is
represented by all
the European
states rdquo
bull ldquo out of which we
have selected a
number of 24
European Union
members and 6
neighbouring
countries of the EUrdquo
Very very important
Mention if you have excluded
a number of entities from the
sample and motivate why
bull ldquoSome entities were deliberately excluded
from this analysis either on lack of relevant
data or a very different economical situation
leading to outliersrdquo
Data and variables
Source
Description
of data
Mention the
calculus method
Data Variables
Data and datum
Datum = noun singular form
Data = noun plural form
DATAS - Pieces of Data
Do not try to
dribble the
English grammar
Methods section
bull Explain how you have studied the research hypotheses
issues problems etc
bull Identify and structure logically the procedures employed
New method
bull Give precise and correct details
Previously published method
bull Name and cite it
Mathematical method
bull Include the formula
Results amp Discussions
bull Present results in a clear logical
sequence
bull Link findings to the aim of the article
bull WHATrsquoS NEW
bull Discuss findings by reffering to existing
literature
bull Possible implications
bull Also report uncertainties
bull DO NOT SPECULATE JUST REPORT
Results amp Discussions
bull Use tables and figures to support your arguments
bull Provide captions and legends for all your figures and tables
bull Use measure units where appropriate
bull NEVER USE RAW DATA
bull Be parsimonious about tables and figures
bull Never duplicate (same information both in table and in figure)
Results- Statistical issues
1 Descriptive analysis of the variables and
checking assumptions- to check for correctness of the data
- to acquire a feel for the raw data so that you recognize unusual
outcomes in your results
- to check whether the assumptions of the main analysis technique
have been fulfilled to a reasonable level
- to detect and explain of missing data or subjects with unusual
data
Dependent variables Independent
variables
Reporting statistics
bull MeanStandard
Deviation and
percentages are most
clearly presented in
parenthesesldquoThe sample as a whole was
relatively young (M = 1922 SD =
345)rdquo ƒ
bull Never report the
significance level as
p =0000 correct is
p lt0001
bull Chi-square -degrees
of freedom and
sample size in
parentheses followed
by chi-square statistic
(round to two decimal
places) and the
significance level
bull ldquoThe proportion of older male
teachers was 086 whereas the
proportion of younger male
teachers was 052 This difference
is significant (2 N = 167) =
2201 p lt 01rdquo
2
Reporting statistics
bull Correlations are
reported with their
degrees of freedom
(N-2) in parentheses
together with the
significance level in
this way
bull ldquoThe two variables were strongly
correlated r(55) =49 p lt01rdquo
bull ƒ t Tests are reported
with the degrees of
freedom in
parentheses followed
by the t statistic
(rounded to two
decimal places) and
the significance level
bull ldquoThere was a significant effect for
gender t(54) = 543 p lt001 with
men receiving higher scores than
womenrdquo
Reporting statistics
bull Regression results are often best
presented in a table
bull Include the standardized slope (beta)
along with the t-test and the corresponding
significance level
bull ldquoSocial support significantly predicted depression scores beta= -34 t(225)
= 653 p lt01 Social support also explained a significant proportion of
variance in depression scores R2 =12 F(1 225) = 4264 p lt01 rdquo
Tables and figures
Tables
bull Remove grid lines
bull Make sure everything
lines up
bull Keep a reasonable
number of significant
figures
bull Leave out
unnecessary info
Figures
bull Line Graphs-Used to
show trends over
time age
bull Bar Graphs- Used to
compare groups at
one time point
bull Scatter Plots- Used to
show relationships
between two
variables
Tables and figures- Example
Tables and figures
Do-s
bull Labeling
bull Numbering
bull Positioning
bull In-text referencing
bull Larger tables and
figuresmdashplace large
tables or figures in the
appendices
Donrsquot-s
bull Dont restructure data
from an information
source into another
format
bull Dont give extensive
descriptions in your
writing of the contents
of a table or diagram
The information in a
table or diagram tells
its own story
Insights regarding the
Introduction
Comunicates thereseach area
The authorrsquos position
Create the RESEARCH
SPACE
Short structure
bull Establish a territory ndash identify the research topic1
bull Identify a niche ndash issues gaps dilemmas that demand attention
2
bull State what your paper is going to address3
Suggested structure
Ibull Generalization about the topic
II
bull Short insights regarding the topic and or concepts (definitions debates academic conflicts)
IIIbull Find the research issue or gap
IV bull State very clearly the purpose
Vbull Structure of the article
GENERALIZATION ABOUT THE
TOPIC
ldquoConsidered to be one of the most important
contemporary phenomena by the national and
international literature globalization represents
a key research issue within in the academic
fieldrdquo
SHORT INSIGHTS REGARDING THE
TOPIC AND OR CONCEPTS
ldquoUsed as a term for the first time in 1983 in order to
(citation) globalization can be perceived as rdquo
The literature on business cycles acknowledges two
types of cycles the ldquoclassicalrdquo cycle as defined by hellip
(citation) and the one based on deviations or growths
where the underlying idea is that hellip (citation) ldquo
FIND THE RESEARCH ISSUE OR
GAP
ldquoThe main challenge that globalization puts forward
is that of finding alternative methods that can evaluate
its impact on the international economy
an analysis based on the idea that business cycles
synchronization represents a direct effect of
globalization offers the possibility to better grasp the
nature and dynamics of these vast processesrdquo
State very clearly the purpose
bull The present study seeks to
address the following questions
Are there pieces of evidence
regarding the synchronization
of business cycles between
the G7 countries and if this
is proved to be true
Can these seven countries be
considered the promoters of
economic globalization
This paper aims to estimate the synchronization of business cycles
perceived as an effect of globalization on the basis of the relationship
that exists between the growth rate of the GDP and inflows and
outflows of foreign direct investments (FDI) considered as percentage
of the GDP
Tips for writing the
Conclusions
bull Conclusions = the summing-up of an
argument or text
bull From the verb to conclude = to bring or
come to an end to sum up
Suggested structure
I
bull General assessment of the topic
bull Link to the purpose of the paper
II
bull Short and concise remarks regarding the findings
III
bull Contributions of the study
IV
bull Limitations of the research
bull Future research directions
GENERAL ASSESSMENT OF THE TOPIC amp
LINK TO THE PURPOSE OF THE PAPER
ldquoBoth globalization and business cycles are elusive economical
phenomena hence they represents a continuous research puzzle
for the academic community and an inexhaustible source of
possible inquiriesrdquo
ldquoThe main purpose of the research was to assess the business
cycle synchronization patterns inside the G7 in order to better
grasp the transformations that hellipldquo
SHORT AND CONCISE REMARKS
REGARDING THE FINDINGS
ldquoThe study has showed that in general hellip One of the
more important findings that emerge from the research
is fact that hellipThe second major finding is that hellip thus it
highlights the cases of hellip previously discussed It can
also be said that helliprdquo
CONTRIBUTIONS OF THE STUDY
ldquoThe contribution of the research founded on the
existence of resides in the explanation of and
also the Another implication of the present paper is
that it highlights the importance rdquo
ldquoThe novelty of the study is the use the ltlt X gtgt method
in order to study the helliprdquo
LIMITATIONS amp FUTURE RESEARCH
DIRECTIONS
ldquoThe future directions of study
will aim to enlarge the sample
and employ if possible
additional variables and
quarterly datardquo
ldquoThe limitations of the research
derive from therdquo
bull sample size
bull variables employed
bull types of data (annual
quarterly etc)
bull methods
bull time span
Connection with the future study
direction
Abstract
bull Summarizes the research and the conclusions
bull Is your advertisment = rdquoSellsrdquo your work
bull 50-300 words (200 typical length) (Refer to
author guidelines)
bull Stand-alone (NO references)
bull Indicates usefulness
bull Targets the audience
Writing the abstract-Long version
Originalityvalue
Research limitationsimplications
Findings
Designmethodologyapproach
Purpose
bullBased on the Emerald Structured Abstract
Writing the abstract-Short version
The Findings
The Arguments
The Purpose
Fancy title
bull Academic Titles Have Three Parts
bull (A) A catchy hook that introduces the
paper in a creative way
bull (B) Specific keywords that identify the
concepts the scholar will be exploring
bull (C) The location where those keywords
will be explored
bull 8-15 words
bull Main themeresearch topic research
design + population + geographical area
Fancy title- Examples
bull Globalization versus Segregation-Business Cycles
Synchronization in Europe
bull Is trade a vector of business cycles synchronization A
Fuzzy Cluster Approach of Globalization
bull Leaders and Followers in the Business Cycle Game A
Case Study of the G7
bull Hard or fuzzy clusters in assessing business cycle
transmission
bull The reverse alchemy of the business cycle
References section
In-text citations
All the cited
works compose
the Reference
List
Types of in-text citation
bull Varies from
Journal to Journal
bull Always check the
Authorrsquos
Guidelines
bull MS Office offers
APA
Harvard
Chicago
IEEE (reference order)
ISO 690 (Numerical
reference)
Includes only the
works cited in the
paper
Contains papers
read not
necessary cited
What makes good writing
Having something
to say
Logical thinking
A few simple
learnable rules of
style
Writing- Tips and tricks
Read pay attention and imitate
Talk about your research before trying to write about it
Stop waiting for ldquoinspirationrdquo
Revise Nobody gets it perfect on the first try
Learn how to cut ruthlessly Never become too attached to your words
Drop the balast
bull 1 Cut unnecessary words and phrases
bull 2 Write with verbs use strong verbs
avoid turning verbs into nouns and donrsquot
bury the main verb
The BAD Writing Contest
bull The move from a structuralist account in which capital is
understood to structure social relations in relatively homologous
ways to a view of hegemony in which power relations are subject to
repetition convergence and rearticulation brought the question of
temporality into the thinking of structure and marked a shift from a
form of Althusserian theory that takes structural totalities as
theoretical objects to one in which the insights into the contingent
possibility of structure inaugurate a renewed conception of
hegemony as bound up with the contingent sites and strategies of
the rearticulation of power
bull Butlerrsquos Diacritics (1997)
Balast to drop-Examples
1 Dead weight words and
phrases
bull As it is well known
bull As it has been shown
bull It can be regarded that
bull It should be emphasized
that
2 Empty words and
phrases
bull methodologic
bull important
3 Long words or phrases
that could be short
4 Unnecessary jargon
and acronyms
5 Repetitive words or
phrases
6 Adverbs
bull very really quite
basically generally etc
Substitute damn every time
youre inclined to write very
your editor will delete it and the
writing will be just as it should
be(Mark Twain)
Active vs Passive voice
Passive voice (Was done)
bull For previous studies
bull Literature reviewActive voice (I We did)
bull For new exciting own results
bull Original research
Verbs make the World go round
Donrsquot turn verbs into
nouns
Donrsquot bury the
main verb
Writing Environment
bull MS Word
bull Developed for average
users
bull WYSIWYG
bull Auto references
bull Thesaurus
bull LaTeX
bull Developed for
profesionals
bull Requires learning the
syntax
bull Latex makes difficult
things easy and easy
things very difficult
bull Prefered by publishers
LaTeX
Tables and figures
Tables
bull Most journals use three
horizontal lines one
above the column
headings one below the
column headings and
one below the data
bull Follow journal guidelines
bull DO NOT copy-paste
result tables directly from
software
Figures
bull Visual impact
bull Show trends and patterns
bull Tell a quick story
bull Tell the whole story
bull Highlight a particular
result
bull Always provide caption
bull Use high resolution (1000
dpi BampW 300 dpi color)
Tables-Examples
Figures- Examples
Final draft check-list
bull Check for consistency
bull Check for numerical consistencybull Do the numbers in your abstract match the numbers in your
tablesfigurestext
bull Do the numbers in the text match those in the tablesfigures
bull Do the numbers in each tablefigure match those in other tablesfigures
bull Check your references style
bull Check your overall style
Submission information
bull Authorship
This can be a point of contention when
writing in groups so establish
expectations for roles and responsibilities
early in the writing process
bull Permissions and Approvals
bull permissions for reprinting copyrighted
material
bull Ethical Considerations
Plagiarism amp Self- plagiarism
bull Passing off other
peoplersquos writing (or
tables and figures) as
your own
bull cutting and pasting
sentences or even
phrases from another
source
bull slightly rewriting or re-
arranging othersrsquo
words
Recycling your own
writing or data
bull Copying or only
slightly rewriting text
from your own
published papers
bull Adding new data to
already published
data and presenting it
as new results
Submitting identical or overlapping data to multiple journals
Submission checklist
bull Keywords
bull JEL Codes
bull All figure captions
bull All tables (including title description)
bull Manuscript has been spell-checked and grammar-
checked
bull References are in the correct format for this journal
bull All references mentioned in the Reference list are cited
in the text and vice versa
bull Permission has been obtained for use of copyrighted
material from other sources (including the Web)
Cover letter
Put the puzzle together
LOGO
Thank You
Bibliography
bull Jaba E (2002) Statistica Editura Economică București
bull Day A amp Peters A D (1996) How to get research published in journals Aldershot
Gower
bull Academic Writing and Research Skills Workshop Mancester University
bull APA Research Style Crib Sheet by Professor Russ Dewey amp Dr Abel Scribe PhD -
Fall 2007
bull Writing Articles for Peer-Review Publications A Quick Reference Guide
bull Chin B (2004) How to write a great research paper John Wiley amp Sons
bull Pieter M Kroonenberg (2007)How to write an article Leiden University
bull Daniel P J Soule Lucy Whiteley and Shona McIntosh Writing for Scholarly
Journals eSharp
bull Stephen E Dew (2013)The 5 Step Essay Writing Process
bull Kristin Sainani Writing in the Sciences Stanford University
bull httpwebupaczasitefilesfile40753writing_an_academic_journal_articlepdf
bull Sebastian-Florian Enea Silvia Palașcă Claudiu Țigănaș (2013) G7 COUNTRIES ndash
ADVOCATES OF THE GLOBAL BUSINESS CYCLE GEBA 2013 Iași
bull Enea Sebastian (2013) EVALUATING GLOBALIZATION BY MEANS OF FUZZY
CLUSTER ANALYSIS IE Bucharest
bull Oxford Dictionary httpwwwoxforddictionariescom
Very very important
Mention if you have excluded
a number of entities from the
sample and motivate why
bull ldquoSome entities were deliberately excluded
from this analysis either on lack of relevant
data or a very different economical situation
leading to outliersrdquo
Data and variables
Source
Description
of data
Mention the
calculus method
Data Variables
Data and datum
Datum = noun singular form
Data = noun plural form
DATAS - Pieces of Data
Do not try to
dribble the
English grammar
Methods section
bull Explain how you have studied the research hypotheses
issues problems etc
bull Identify and structure logically the procedures employed
New method
bull Give precise and correct details
Previously published method
bull Name and cite it
Mathematical method
bull Include the formula
Results amp Discussions
bull Present results in a clear logical
sequence
bull Link findings to the aim of the article
bull WHATrsquoS NEW
bull Discuss findings by reffering to existing
literature
bull Possible implications
bull Also report uncertainties
bull DO NOT SPECULATE JUST REPORT
Results amp Discussions
bull Use tables and figures to support your arguments
bull Provide captions and legends for all your figures and tables
bull Use measure units where appropriate
bull NEVER USE RAW DATA
bull Be parsimonious about tables and figures
bull Never duplicate (same information both in table and in figure)
Results- Statistical issues
1 Descriptive analysis of the variables and
checking assumptions- to check for correctness of the data
- to acquire a feel for the raw data so that you recognize unusual
outcomes in your results
- to check whether the assumptions of the main analysis technique
have been fulfilled to a reasonable level
- to detect and explain of missing data or subjects with unusual
data
Dependent variables Independent
variables
Reporting statistics
bull MeanStandard
Deviation and
percentages are most
clearly presented in
parenthesesldquoThe sample as a whole was
relatively young (M = 1922 SD =
345)rdquo ƒ
bull Never report the
significance level as
p =0000 correct is
p lt0001
bull Chi-square -degrees
of freedom and
sample size in
parentheses followed
by chi-square statistic
(round to two decimal
places) and the
significance level
bull ldquoThe proportion of older male
teachers was 086 whereas the
proportion of younger male
teachers was 052 This difference
is significant (2 N = 167) =
2201 p lt 01rdquo
2
Reporting statistics
bull Correlations are
reported with their
degrees of freedom
(N-2) in parentheses
together with the
significance level in
this way
bull ldquoThe two variables were strongly
correlated r(55) =49 p lt01rdquo
bull ƒ t Tests are reported
with the degrees of
freedom in
parentheses followed
by the t statistic
(rounded to two
decimal places) and
the significance level
bull ldquoThere was a significant effect for
gender t(54) = 543 p lt001 with
men receiving higher scores than
womenrdquo
Reporting statistics
bull Regression results are often best
presented in a table
bull Include the standardized slope (beta)
along with the t-test and the corresponding
significance level
bull ldquoSocial support significantly predicted depression scores beta= -34 t(225)
= 653 p lt01 Social support also explained a significant proportion of
variance in depression scores R2 =12 F(1 225) = 4264 p lt01 rdquo
Tables and figures
Tables
bull Remove grid lines
bull Make sure everything
lines up
bull Keep a reasonable
number of significant
figures
bull Leave out
unnecessary info
Figures
bull Line Graphs-Used to
show trends over
time age
bull Bar Graphs- Used to
compare groups at
one time point
bull Scatter Plots- Used to
show relationships
between two
variables
Tables and figures- Example
Tables and figures
Do-s
bull Labeling
bull Numbering
bull Positioning
bull In-text referencing
bull Larger tables and
figuresmdashplace large
tables or figures in the
appendices
Donrsquot-s
bull Dont restructure data
from an information
source into another
format
bull Dont give extensive
descriptions in your
writing of the contents
of a table or diagram
The information in a
table or diagram tells
its own story
Insights regarding the
Introduction
Comunicates thereseach area
The authorrsquos position
Create the RESEARCH
SPACE
Short structure
bull Establish a territory ndash identify the research topic1
bull Identify a niche ndash issues gaps dilemmas that demand attention
2
bull State what your paper is going to address3
Suggested structure
Ibull Generalization about the topic
II
bull Short insights regarding the topic and or concepts (definitions debates academic conflicts)
IIIbull Find the research issue or gap
IV bull State very clearly the purpose
Vbull Structure of the article
GENERALIZATION ABOUT THE
TOPIC
ldquoConsidered to be one of the most important
contemporary phenomena by the national and
international literature globalization represents
a key research issue within in the academic
fieldrdquo
SHORT INSIGHTS REGARDING THE
TOPIC AND OR CONCEPTS
ldquoUsed as a term for the first time in 1983 in order to
(citation) globalization can be perceived as rdquo
The literature on business cycles acknowledges two
types of cycles the ldquoclassicalrdquo cycle as defined by hellip
(citation) and the one based on deviations or growths
where the underlying idea is that hellip (citation) ldquo
FIND THE RESEARCH ISSUE OR
GAP
ldquoThe main challenge that globalization puts forward
is that of finding alternative methods that can evaluate
its impact on the international economy
an analysis based on the idea that business cycles
synchronization represents a direct effect of
globalization offers the possibility to better grasp the
nature and dynamics of these vast processesrdquo
State very clearly the purpose
bull The present study seeks to
address the following questions
Are there pieces of evidence
regarding the synchronization
of business cycles between
the G7 countries and if this
is proved to be true
Can these seven countries be
considered the promoters of
economic globalization
This paper aims to estimate the synchronization of business cycles
perceived as an effect of globalization on the basis of the relationship
that exists between the growth rate of the GDP and inflows and
outflows of foreign direct investments (FDI) considered as percentage
of the GDP
Tips for writing the
Conclusions
bull Conclusions = the summing-up of an
argument or text
bull From the verb to conclude = to bring or
come to an end to sum up
Suggested structure
I
bull General assessment of the topic
bull Link to the purpose of the paper
II
bull Short and concise remarks regarding the findings
III
bull Contributions of the study
IV
bull Limitations of the research
bull Future research directions
GENERAL ASSESSMENT OF THE TOPIC amp
LINK TO THE PURPOSE OF THE PAPER
ldquoBoth globalization and business cycles are elusive economical
phenomena hence they represents a continuous research puzzle
for the academic community and an inexhaustible source of
possible inquiriesrdquo
ldquoThe main purpose of the research was to assess the business
cycle synchronization patterns inside the G7 in order to better
grasp the transformations that hellipldquo
SHORT AND CONCISE REMARKS
REGARDING THE FINDINGS
ldquoThe study has showed that in general hellip One of the
more important findings that emerge from the research
is fact that hellipThe second major finding is that hellip thus it
highlights the cases of hellip previously discussed It can
also be said that helliprdquo
CONTRIBUTIONS OF THE STUDY
ldquoThe contribution of the research founded on the
existence of resides in the explanation of and
also the Another implication of the present paper is
that it highlights the importance rdquo
ldquoThe novelty of the study is the use the ltlt X gtgt method
in order to study the helliprdquo
LIMITATIONS amp FUTURE RESEARCH
DIRECTIONS
ldquoThe future directions of study
will aim to enlarge the sample
and employ if possible
additional variables and
quarterly datardquo
ldquoThe limitations of the research
derive from therdquo
bull sample size
bull variables employed
bull types of data (annual
quarterly etc)
bull methods
bull time span
Connection with the future study
direction
Abstract
bull Summarizes the research and the conclusions
bull Is your advertisment = rdquoSellsrdquo your work
bull 50-300 words (200 typical length) (Refer to
author guidelines)
bull Stand-alone (NO references)
bull Indicates usefulness
bull Targets the audience
Writing the abstract-Long version
Originalityvalue
Research limitationsimplications
Findings
Designmethodologyapproach
Purpose
bullBased on the Emerald Structured Abstract
Writing the abstract-Short version
The Findings
The Arguments
The Purpose
Fancy title
bull Academic Titles Have Three Parts
bull (A) A catchy hook that introduces the
paper in a creative way
bull (B) Specific keywords that identify the
concepts the scholar will be exploring
bull (C) The location where those keywords
will be explored
bull 8-15 words
bull Main themeresearch topic research
design + population + geographical area
Fancy title- Examples
bull Globalization versus Segregation-Business Cycles
Synchronization in Europe
bull Is trade a vector of business cycles synchronization A
Fuzzy Cluster Approach of Globalization
bull Leaders and Followers in the Business Cycle Game A
Case Study of the G7
bull Hard or fuzzy clusters in assessing business cycle
transmission
bull The reverse alchemy of the business cycle
References section
In-text citations
All the cited
works compose
the Reference
List
Types of in-text citation
bull Varies from
Journal to Journal
bull Always check the
Authorrsquos
Guidelines
bull MS Office offers
APA
Harvard
Chicago
IEEE (reference order)
ISO 690 (Numerical
reference)
Includes only the
works cited in the
paper
Contains papers
read not
necessary cited
What makes good writing
Having something
to say
Logical thinking
A few simple
learnable rules of
style
Writing- Tips and tricks
Read pay attention and imitate
Talk about your research before trying to write about it
Stop waiting for ldquoinspirationrdquo
Revise Nobody gets it perfect on the first try
Learn how to cut ruthlessly Never become too attached to your words
Drop the balast
bull 1 Cut unnecessary words and phrases
bull 2 Write with verbs use strong verbs
avoid turning verbs into nouns and donrsquot
bury the main verb
The BAD Writing Contest
bull The move from a structuralist account in which capital is
understood to structure social relations in relatively homologous
ways to a view of hegemony in which power relations are subject to
repetition convergence and rearticulation brought the question of
temporality into the thinking of structure and marked a shift from a
form of Althusserian theory that takes structural totalities as
theoretical objects to one in which the insights into the contingent
possibility of structure inaugurate a renewed conception of
hegemony as bound up with the contingent sites and strategies of
the rearticulation of power
bull Butlerrsquos Diacritics (1997)
Balast to drop-Examples
1 Dead weight words and
phrases
bull As it is well known
bull As it has been shown
bull It can be regarded that
bull It should be emphasized
that
2 Empty words and
phrases
bull methodologic
bull important
3 Long words or phrases
that could be short
4 Unnecessary jargon
and acronyms
5 Repetitive words or
phrases
6 Adverbs
bull very really quite
basically generally etc
Substitute damn every time
youre inclined to write very
your editor will delete it and the
writing will be just as it should
be(Mark Twain)
Active vs Passive voice
Passive voice (Was done)
bull For previous studies
bull Literature reviewActive voice (I We did)
bull For new exciting own results
bull Original research
Verbs make the World go round
Donrsquot turn verbs into
nouns
Donrsquot bury the
main verb
Writing Environment
bull MS Word
bull Developed for average
users
bull WYSIWYG
bull Auto references
bull Thesaurus
bull LaTeX
bull Developed for
profesionals
bull Requires learning the
syntax
bull Latex makes difficult
things easy and easy
things very difficult
bull Prefered by publishers
LaTeX
Tables and figures
Tables
bull Most journals use three
horizontal lines one
above the column
headings one below the
column headings and
one below the data
bull Follow journal guidelines
bull DO NOT copy-paste
result tables directly from
software
Figures
bull Visual impact
bull Show trends and patterns
bull Tell a quick story
bull Tell the whole story
bull Highlight a particular
result
bull Always provide caption
bull Use high resolution (1000
dpi BampW 300 dpi color)
Tables-Examples
Figures- Examples
Final draft check-list
bull Check for consistency
bull Check for numerical consistencybull Do the numbers in your abstract match the numbers in your
tablesfigurestext
bull Do the numbers in the text match those in the tablesfigures
bull Do the numbers in each tablefigure match those in other tablesfigures
bull Check your references style
bull Check your overall style
Submission information
bull Authorship
This can be a point of contention when
writing in groups so establish
expectations for roles and responsibilities
early in the writing process
bull Permissions and Approvals
bull permissions for reprinting copyrighted
material
bull Ethical Considerations
Plagiarism amp Self- plagiarism
bull Passing off other
peoplersquos writing (or
tables and figures) as
your own
bull cutting and pasting
sentences or even
phrases from another
source
bull slightly rewriting or re-
arranging othersrsquo
words
Recycling your own
writing or data
bull Copying or only
slightly rewriting text
from your own
published papers
bull Adding new data to
already published
data and presenting it
as new results
Submitting identical or overlapping data to multiple journals
Submission checklist
bull Keywords
bull JEL Codes
bull All figure captions
bull All tables (including title description)
bull Manuscript has been spell-checked and grammar-
checked
bull References are in the correct format for this journal
bull All references mentioned in the Reference list are cited
in the text and vice versa
bull Permission has been obtained for use of copyrighted
material from other sources (including the Web)
Cover letter
Put the puzzle together
LOGO
Thank You
Bibliography
bull Jaba E (2002) Statistica Editura Economică București
bull Day A amp Peters A D (1996) How to get research published in journals Aldershot
Gower
bull Academic Writing and Research Skills Workshop Mancester University
bull APA Research Style Crib Sheet by Professor Russ Dewey amp Dr Abel Scribe PhD -
Fall 2007
bull Writing Articles for Peer-Review Publications A Quick Reference Guide
bull Chin B (2004) How to write a great research paper John Wiley amp Sons
bull Pieter M Kroonenberg (2007)How to write an article Leiden University
bull Daniel P J Soule Lucy Whiteley and Shona McIntosh Writing for Scholarly
Journals eSharp
bull Stephen E Dew (2013)The 5 Step Essay Writing Process
bull Kristin Sainani Writing in the Sciences Stanford University
bull httpwebupaczasitefilesfile40753writing_an_academic_journal_articlepdf
bull Sebastian-Florian Enea Silvia Palașcă Claudiu Țigănaș (2013) G7 COUNTRIES ndash
ADVOCATES OF THE GLOBAL BUSINESS CYCLE GEBA 2013 Iași
bull Enea Sebastian (2013) EVALUATING GLOBALIZATION BY MEANS OF FUZZY
CLUSTER ANALYSIS IE Bucharest
bull Oxford Dictionary httpwwwoxforddictionariescom
Data and variables
Source
Description
of data
Mention the
calculus method
Data Variables
Data and datum
Datum = noun singular form
Data = noun plural form
DATAS - Pieces of Data
Do not try to
dribble the
English grammar
Methods section
bull Explain how you have studied the research hypotheses
issues problems etc
bull Identify and structure logically the procedures employed
New method
bull Give precise and correct details
Previously published method
bull Name and cite it
Mathematical method
bull Include the formula
Results amp Discussions
bull Present results in a clear logical
sequence
bull Link findings to the aim of the article
bull WHATrsquoS NEW
bull Discuss findings by reffering to existing
literature
bull Possible implications
bull Also report uncertainties
bull DO NOT SPECULATE JUST REPORT
Results amp Discussions
bull Use tables and figures to support your arguments
bull Provide captions and legends for all your figures and tables
bull Use measure units where appropriate
bull NEVER USE RAW DATA
bull Be parsimonious about tables and figures
bull Never duplicate (same information both in table and in figure)
Results- Statistical issues
1 Descriptive analysis of the variables and
checking assumptions- to check for correctness of the data
- to acquire a feel for the raw data so that you recognize unusual
outcomes in your results
- to check whether the assumptions of the main analysis technique
have been fulfilled to a reasonable level
- to detect and explain of missing data or subjects with unusual
data
Dependent variables Independent
variables
Reporting statistics
bull MeanStandard
Deviation and
percentages are most
clearly presented in
parenthesesldquoThe sample as a whole was
relatively young (M = 1922 SD =
345)rdquo ƒ
bull Never report the
significance level as
p =0000 correct is
p lt0001
bull Chi-square -degrees
of freedom and
sample size in
parentheses followed
by chi-square statistic
(round to two decimal
places) and the
significance level
bull ldquoThe proportion of older male
teachers was 086 whereas the
proportion of younger male
teachers was 052 This difference
is significant (2 N = 167) =
2201 p lt 01rdquo
2
Reporting statistics
bull Correlations are
reported with their
degrees of freedom
(N-2) in parentheses
together with the
significance level in
this way
bull ldquoThe two variables were strongly
correlated r(55) =49 p lt01rdquo
bull ƒ t Tests are reported
with the degrees of
freedom in
parentheses followed
by the t statistic
(rounded to two
decimal places) and
the significance level
bull ldquoThere was a significant effect for
gender t(54) = 543 p lt001 with
men receiving higher scores than
womenrdquo
Reporting statistics
bull Regression results are often best
presented in a table
bull Include the standardized slope (beta)
along with the t-test and the corresponding
significance level
bull ldquoSocial support significantly predicted depression scores beta= -34 t(225)
= 653 p lt01 Social support also explained a significant proportion of
variance in depression scores R2 =12 F(1 225) = 4264 p lt01 rdquo
Tables and figures
Tables
bull Remove grid lines
bull Make sure everything
lines up
bull Keep a reasonable
number of significant
figures
bull Leave out
unnecessary info
Figures
bull Line Graphs-Used to
show trends over
time age
bull Bar Graphs- Used to
compare groups at
one time point
bull Scatter Plots- Used to
show relationships
between two
variables
Tables and figures- Example
Tables and figures
Do-s
bull Labeling
bull Numbering
bull Positioning
bull In-text referencing
bull Larger tables and
figuresmdashplace large
tables or figures in the
appendices
Donrsquot-s
bull Dont restructure data
from an information
source into another
format
bull Dont give extensive
descriptions in your
writing of the contents
of a table or diagram
The information in a
table or diagram tells
its own story
Insights regarding the
Introduction
Comunicates thereseach area
The authorrsquos position
Create the RESEARCH
SPACE
Short structure
bull Establish a territory ndash identify the research topic1
bull Identify a niche ndash issues gaps dilemmas that demand attention
2
bull State what your paper is going to address3
Suggested structure
Ibull Generalization about the topic
II
bull Short insights regarding the topic and or concepts (definitions debates academic conflicts)
IIIbull Find the research issue or gap
IV bull State very clearly the purpose
Vbull Structure of the article
GENERALIZATION ABOUT THE
TOPIC
ldquoConsidered to be one of the most important
contemporary phenomena by the national and
international literature globalization represents
a key research issue within in the academic
fieldrdquo
SHORT INSIGHTS REGARDING THE
TOPIC AND OR CONCEPTS
ldquoUsed as a term for the first time in 1983 in order to
(citation) globalization can be perceived as rdquo
The literature on business cycles acknowledges two
types of cycles the ldquoclassicalrdquo cycle as defined by hellip
(citation) and the one based on deviations or growths
where the underlying idea is that hellip (citation) ldquo
FIND THE RESEARCH ISSUE OR
GAP
ldquoThe main challenge that globalization puts forward
is that of finding alternative methods that can evaluate
its impact on the international economy
an analysis based on the idea that business cycles
synchronization represents a direct effect of
globalization offers the possibility to better grasp the
nature and dynamics of these vast processesrdquo
State very clearly the purpose
bull The present study seeks to
address the following questions
Are there pieces of evidence
regarding the synchronization
of business cycles between
the G7 countries and if this
is proved to be true
Can these seven countries be
considered the promoters of
economic globalization
This paper aims to estimate the synchronization of business cycles
perceived as an effect of globalization on the basis of the relationship
that exists between the growth rate of the GDP and inflows and
outflows of foreign direct investments (FDI) considered as percentage
of the GDP
Tips for writing the
Conclusions
bull Conclusions = the summing-up of an
argument or text
bull From the verb to conclude = to bring or
come to an end to sum up
Suggested structure
I
bull General assessment of the topic
bull Link to the purpose of the paper
II
bull Short and concise remarks regarding the findings
III
bull Contributions of the study
IV
bull Limitations of the research
bull Future research directions
GENERAL ASSESSMENT OF THE TOPIC amp
LINK TO THE PURPOSE OF THE PAPER
ldquoBoth globalization and business cycles are elusive economical
phenomena hence they represents a continuous research puzzle
for the academic community and an inexhaustible source of
possible inquiriesrdquo
ldquoThe main purpose of the research was to assess the business
cycle synchronization patterns inside the G7 in order to better
grasp the transformations that hellipldquo
SHORT AND CONCISE REMARKS
REGARDING THE FINDINGS
ldquoThe study has showed that in general hellip One of the
more important findings that emerge from the research
is fact that hellipThe second major finding is that hellip thus it
highlights the cases of hellip previously discussed It can
also be said that helliprdquo
CONTRIBUTIONS OF THE STUDY
ldquoThe contribution of the research founded on the
existence of resides in the explanation of and
also the Another implication of the present paper is
that it highlights the importance rdquo
ldquoThe novelty of the study is the use the ltlt X gtgt method
in order to study the helliprdquo
LIMITATIONS amp FUTURE RESEARCH
DIRECTIONS
ldquoThe future directions of study
will aim to enlarge the sample
and employ if possible
additional variables and
quarterly datardquo
ldquoThe limitations of the research
derive from therdquo
bull sample size
bull variables employed
bull types of data (annual
quarterly etc)
bull methods
bull time span
Connection with the future study
direction
Abstract
bull Summarizes the research and the conclusions
bull Is your advertisment = rdquoSellsrdquo your work
bull 50-300 words (200 typical length) (Refer to
author guidelines)
bull Stand-alone (NO references)
bull Indicates usefulness
bull Targets the audience
Writing the abstract-Long version
Originalityvalue
Research limitationsimplications
Findings
Designmethodologyapproach
Purpose
bullBased on the Emerald Structured Abstract
Writing the abstract-Short version
The Findings
The Arguments
The Purpose
Fancy title
bull Academic Titles Have Three Parts
bull (A) A catchy hook that introduces the
paper in a creative way
bull (B) Specific keywords that identify the
concepts the scholar will be exploring
bull (C) The location where those keywords
will be explored
bull 8-15 words
bull Main themeresearch topic research
design + population + geographical area
Fancy title- Examples
bull Globalization versus Segregation-Business Cycles
Synchronization in Europe
bull Is trade a vector of business cycles synchronization A
Fuzzy Cluster Approach of Globalization
bull Leaders and Followers in the Business Cycle Game A
Case Study of the G7
bull Hard or fuzzy clusters in assessing business cycle
transmission
bull The reverse alchemy of the business cycle
References section
In-text citations
All the cited
works compose
the Reference
List
Types of in-text citation
bull Varies from
Journal to Journal
bull Always check the
Authorrsquos
Guidelines
bull MS Office offers
APA
Harvard
Chicago
IEEE (reference order)
ISO 690 (Numerical
reference)
Includes only the
works cited in the
paper
Contains papers
read not
necessary cited
What makes good writing
Having something
to say
Logical thinking
A few simple
learnable rules of
style
Writing- Tips and tricks
Read pay attention and imitate
Talk about your research before trying to write about it
Stop waiting for ldquoinspirationrdquo
Revise Nobody gets it perfect on the first try
Learn how to cut ruthlessly Never become too attached to your words
Drop the balast
bull 1 Cut unnecessary words and phrases
bull 2 Write with verbs use strong verbs
avoid turning verbs into nouns and donrsquot
bury the main verb
The BAD Writing Contest
bull The move from a structuralist account in which capital is
understood to structure social relations in relatively homologous
ways to a view of hegemony in which power relations are subject to
repetition convergence and rearticulation brought the question of
temporality into the thinking of structure and marked a shift from a
form of Althusserian theory that takes structural totalities as
theoretical objects to one in which the insights into the contingent
possibility of structure inaugurate a renewed conception of
hegemony as bound up with the contingent sites and strategies of
the rearticulation of power
bull Butlerrsquos Diacritics (1997)
Balast to drop-Examples
1 Dead weight words and
phrases
bull As it is well known
bull As it has been shown
bull It can be regarded that
bull It should be emphasized
that
2 Empty words and
phrases
bull methodologic
bull important
3 Long words or phrases
that could be short
4 Unnecessary jargon
and acronyms
5 Repetitive words or
phrases
6 Adverbs
bull very really quite
basically generally etc
Substitute damn every time
youre inclined to write very
your editor will delete it and the
writing will be just as it should
be(Mark Twain)
Active vs Passive voice
Passive voice (Was done)
bull For previous studies
bull Literature reviewActive voice (I We did)
bull For new exciting own results
bull Original research
Verbs make the World go round
Donrsquot turn verbs into
nouns
Donrsquot bury the
main verb
Writing Environment
bull MS Word
bull Developed for average
users
bull WYSIWYG
bull Auto references
bull Thesaurus
bull LaTeX
bull Developed for
profesionals
bull Requires learning the
syntax
bull Latex makes difficult
things easy and easy
things very difficult
bull Prefered by publishers
LaTeX
Tables and figures
Tables
bull Most journals use three
horizontal lines one
above the column
headings one below the
column headings and
one below the data
bull Follow journal guidelines
bull DO NOT copy-paste
result tables directly from
software
Figures
bull Visual impact
bull Show trends and patterns
bull Tell a quick story
bull Tell the whole story
bull Highlight a particular
result
bull Always provide caption
bull Use high resolution (1000
dpi BampW 300 dpi color)
Tables-Examples
Figures- Examples
Final draft check-list
bull Check for consistency
bull Check for numerical consistencybull Do the numbers in your abstract match the numbers in your
tablesfigurestext
bull Do the numbers in the text match those in the tablesfigures
bull Do the numbers in each tablefigure match those in other tablesfigures
bull Check your references style
bull Check your overall style
Submission information
bull Authorship
This can be a point of contention when
writing in groups so establish
expectations for roles and responsibilities
early in the writing process
bull Permissions and Approvals
bull permissions for reprinting copyrighted
material
bull Ethical Considerations
Plagiarism amp Self- plagiarism
bull Passing off other
peoplersquos writing (or
tables and figures) as
your own
bull cutting and pasting
sentences or even
phrases from another
source
bull slightly rewriting or re-
arranging othersrsquo
words
Recycling your own
writing or data
bull Copying or only
slightly rewriting text
from your own
published papers
bull Adding new data to
already published
data and presenting it
as new results
Submitting identical or overlapping data to multiple journals
Submission checklist
bull Keywords
bull JEL Codes
bull All figure captions
bull All tables (including title description)
bull Manuscript has been spell-checked and grammar-
checked
bull References are in the correct format for this journal
bull All references mentioned in the Reference list are cited
in the text and vice versa
bull Permission has been obtained for use of copyrighted
material from other sources (including the Web)
Cover letter
Put the puzzle together
LOGO
Thank You
Bibliography
bull Jaba E (2002) Statistica Editura Economică București
bull Day A amp Peters A D (1996) How to get research published in journals Aldershot
Gower
bull Academic Writing and Research Skills Workshop Mancester University
bull APA Research Style Crib Sheet by Professor Russ Dewey amp Dr Abel Scribe PhD -
Fall 2007
bull Writing Articles for Peer-Review Publications A Quick Reference Guide
bull Chin B (2004) How to write a great research paper John Wiley amp Sons
bull Pieter M Kroonenberg (2007)How to write an article Leiden University
bull Daniel P J Soule Lucy Whiteley and Shona McIntosh Writing for Scholarly
Journals eSharp
bull Stephen E Dew (2013)The 5 Step Essay Writing Process
bull Kristin Sainani Writing in the Sciences Stanford University
bull httpwebupaczasitefilesfile40753writing_an_academic_journal_articlepdf
bull Sebastian-Florian Enea Silvia Palașcă Claudiu Țigănaș (2013) G7 COUNTRIES ndash
ADVOCATES OF THE GLOBAL BUSINESS CYCLE GEBA 2013 Iași
bull Enea Sebastian (2013) EVALUATING GLOBALIZATION BY MEANS OF FUZZY
CLUSTER ANALYSIS IE Bucharest
bull Oxford Dictionary httpwwwoxforddictionariescom
Data and datum
Datum = noun singular form
Data = noun plural form
DATAS - Pieces of Data
Do not try to
dribble the
English grammar
Methods section
bull Explain how you have studied the research hypotheses
issues problems etc
bull Identify and structure logically the procedures employed
New method
bull Give precise and correct details
Previously published method
bull Name and cite it
Mathematical method
bull Include the formula
Results amp Discussions
bull Present results in a clear logical
sequence
bull Link findings to the aim of the article
bull WHATrsquoS NEW
bull Discuss findings by reffering to existing
literature
bull Possible implications
bull Also report uncertainties
bull DO NOT SPECULATE JUST REPORT
Results amp Discussions
bull Use tables and figures to support your arguments
bull Provide captions and legends for all your figures and tables
bull Use measure units where appropriate
bull NEVER USE RAW DATA
bull Be parsimonious about tables and figures
bull Never duplicate (same information both in table and in figure)
Results- Statistical issues
1 Descriptive analysis of the variables and
checking assumptions- to check for correctness of the data
- to acquire a feel for the raw data so that you recognize unusual
outcomes in your results
- to check whether the assumptions of the main analysis technique
have been fulfilled to a reasonable level
- to detect and explain of missing data or subjects with unusual
data
Dependent variables Independent
variables
Reporting statistics
bull MeanStandard
Deviation and
percentages are most
clearly presented in
parenthesesldquoThe sample as a whole was
relatively young (M = 1922 SD =
345)rdquo ƒ
bull Never report the
significance level as
p =0000 correct is
p lt0001
bull Chi-square -degrees
of freedom and
sample size in
parentheses followed
by chi-square statistic
(round to two decimal
places) and the
significance level
bull ldquoThe proportion of older male
teachers was 086 whereas the
proportion of younger male
teachers was 052 This difference
is significant (2 N = 167) =
2201 p lt 01rdquo
2
Reporting statistics
bull Correlations are
reported with their
degrees of freedom
(N-2) in parentheses
together with the
significance level in
this way
bull ldquoThe two variables were strongly
correlated r(55) =49 p lt01rdquo
bull ƒ t Tests are reported
with the degrees of
freedom in
parentheses followed
by the t statistic
(rounded to two
decimal places) and
the significance level
bull ldquoThere was a significant effect for
gender t(54) = 543 p lt001 with
men receiving higher scores than
womenrdquo
Reporting statistics
bull Regression results are often best
presented in a table
bull Include the standardized slope (beta)
along with the t-test and the corresponding
significance level
bull ldquoSocial support significantly predicted depression scores beta= -34 t(225)
= 653 p lt01 Social support also explained a significant proportion of
variance in depression scores R2 =12 F(1 225) = 4264 p lt01 rdquo
Tables and figures
Tables
bull Remove grid lines
bull Make sure everything
lines up
bull Keep a reasonable
number of significant
figures
bull Leave out
unnecessary info
Figures
bull Line Graphs-Used to
show trends over
time age
bull Bar Graphs- Used to
compare groups at
one time point
bull Scatter Plots- Used to
show relationships
between two
variables
Tables and figures- Example
Tables and figures
Do-s
bull Labeling
bull Numbering
bull Positioning
bull In-text referencing
bull Larger tables and
figuresmdashplace large
tables or figures in the
appendices
Donrsquot-s
bull Dont restructure data
from an information
source into another
format
bull Dont give extensive
descriptions in your
writing of the contents
of a table or diagram
The information in a
table or diagram tells
its own story
Insights regarding the
Introduction
Comunicates thereseach area
The authorrsquos position
Create the RESEARCH
SPACE
Short structure
bull Establish a territory ndash identify the research topic1
bull Identify a niche ndash issues gaps dilemmas that demand attention
2
bull State what your paper is going to address3
Suggested structure
Ibull Generalization about the topic
II
bull Short insights regarding the topic and or concepts (definitions debates academic conflicts)
IIIbull Find the research issue or gap
IV bull State very clearly the purpose
Vbull Structure of the article
GENERALIZATION ABOUT THE
TOPIC
ldquoConsidered to be one of the most important
contemporary phenomena by the national and
international literature globalization represents
a key research issue within in the academic
fieldrdquo
SHORT INSIGHTS REGARDING THE
TOPIC AND OR CONCEPTS
ldquoUsed as a term for the first time in 1983 in order to
(citation) globalization can be perceived as rdquo
The literature on business cycles acknowledges two
types of cycles the ldquoclassicalrdquo cycle as defined by hellip
(citation) and the one based on deviations or growths
where the underlying idea is that hellip (citation) ldquo
FIND THE RESEARCH ISSUE OR
GAP
ldquoThe main challenge that globalization puts forward
is that of finding alternative methods that can evaluate
its impact on the international economy
an analysis based on the idea that business cycles
synchronization represents a direct effect of
globalization offers the possibility to better grasp the
nature and dynamics of these vast processesrdquo
State very clearly the purpose
bull The present study seeks to
address the following questions
Are there pieces of evidence
regarding the synchronization
of business cycles between
the G7 countries and if this
is proved to be true
Can these seven countries be
considered the promoters of
economic globalization
This paper aims to estimate the synchronization of business cycles
perceived as an effect of globalization on the basis of the relationship
that exists between the growth rate of the GDP and inflows and
outflows of foreign direct investments (FDI) considered as percentage
of the GDP
Tips for writing the
Conclusions
bull Conclusions = the summing-up of an
argument or text
bull From the verb to conclude = to bring or
come to an end to sum up
Suggested structure
I
bull General assessment of the topic
bull Link to the purpose of the paper
II
bull Short and concise remarks regarding the findings
III
bull Contributions of the study
IV
bull Limitations of the research
bull Future research directions
GENERAL ASSESSMENT OF THE TOPIC amp
LINK TO THE PURPOSE OF THE PAPER
ldquoBoth globalization and business cycles are elusive economical
phenomena hence they represents a continuous research puzzle
for the academic community and an inexhaustible source of
possible inquiriesrdquo
ldquoThe main purpose of the research was to assess the business
cycle synchronization patterns inside the G7 in order to better
grasp the transformations that hellipldquo
SHORT AND CONCISE REMARKS
REGARDING THE FINDINGS
ldquoThe study has showed that in general hellip One of the
more important findings that emerge from the research
is fact that hellipThe second major finding is that hellip thus it
highlights the cases of hellip previously discussed It can
also be said that helliprdquo
CONTRIBUTIONS OF THE STUDY
ldquoThe contribution of the research founded on the
existence of resides in the explanation of and
also the Another implication of the present paper is
that it highlights the importance rdquo
ldquoThe novelty of the study is the use the ltlt X gtgt method
in order to study the helliprdquo
LIMITATIONS amp FUTURE RESEARCH
DIRECTIONS
ldquoThe future directions of study
will aim to enlarge the sample
and employ if possible
additional variables and
quarterly datardquo
ldquoThe limitations of the research
derive from therdquo
bull sample size
bull variables employed
bull types of data (annual
quarterly etc)
bull methods
bull time span
Connection with the future study
direction
Abstract
bull Summarizes the research and the conclusions
bull Is your advertisment = rdquoSellsrdquo your work
bull 50-300 words (200 typical length) (Refer to
author guidelines)
bull Stand-alone (NO references)
bull Indicates usefulness
bull Targets the audience
Writing the abstract-Long version
Originalityvalue
Research limitationsimplications
Findings
Designmethodologyapproach
Purpose
bullBased on the Emerald Structured Abstract
Writing the abstract-Short version
The Findings
The Arguments
The Purpose
Fancy title
bull Academic Titles Have Three Parts
bull (A) A catchy hook that introduces the
paper in a creative way
bull (B) Specific keywords that identify the
concepts the scholar will be exploring
bull (C) The location where those keywords
will be explored
bull 8-15 words
bull Main themeresearch topic research
design + population + geographical area
Fancy title- Examples
bull Globalization versus Segregation-Business Cycles
Synchronization in Europe
bull Is trade a vector of business cycles synchronization A
Fuzzy Cluster Approach of Globalization
bull Leaders and Followers in the Business Cycle Game A
Case Study of the G7
bull Hard or fuzzy clusters in assessing business cycle
transmission
bull The reverse alchemy of the business cycle
References section
In-text citations
All the cited
works compose
the Reference
List
Types of in-text citation
bull Varies from
Journal to Journal
bull Always check the
Authorrsquos
Guidelines
bull MS Office offers
APA
Harvard
Chicago
IEEE (reference order)
ISO 690 (Numerical
reference)
Includes only the
works cited in the
paper
Contains papers
read not
necessary cited
What makes good writing
Having something
to say
Logical thinking
A few simple
learnable rules of
style
Writing- Tips and tricks
Read pay attention and imitate
Talk about your research before trying to write about it
Stop waiting for ldquoinspirationrdquo
Revise Nobody gets it perfect on the first try
Learn how to cut ruthlessly Never become too attached to your words
Drop the balast
bull 1 Cut unnecessary words and phrases
bull 2 Write with verbs use strong verbs
avoid turning verbs into nouns and donrsquot
bury the main verb
The BAD Writing Contest
bull The move from a structuralist account in which capital is
understood to structure social relations in relatively homologous
ways to a view of hegemony in which power relations are subject to
repetition convergence and rearticulation brought the question of
temporality into the thinking of structure and marked a shift from a
form of Althusserian theory that takes structural totalities as
theoretical objects to one in which the insights into the contingent
possibility of structure inaugurate a renewed conception of
hegemony as bound up with the contingent sites and strategies of
the rearticulation of power
bull Butlerrsquos Diacritics (1997)
Balast to drop-Examples
1 Dead weight words and
phrases
bull As it is well known
bull As it has been shown
bull It can be regarded that
bull It should be emphasized
that
2 Empty words and
phrases
bull methodologic
bull important
3 Long words or phrases
that could be short
4 Unnecessary jargon
and acronyms
5 Repetitive words or
phrases
6 Adverbs
bull very really quite
basically generally etc
Substitute damn every time
youre inclined to write very
your editor will delete it and the
writing will be just as it should
be(Mark Twain)
Active vs Passive voice
Passive voice (Was done)
bull For previous studies
bull Literature reviewActive voice (I We did)
bull For new exciting own results
bull Original research
Verbs make the World go round
Donrsquot turn verbs into
nouns
Donrsquot bury the
main verb
Writing Environment
bull MS Word
bull Developed for average
users
bull WYSIWYG
bull Auto references
bull Thesaurus
bull LaTeX
bull Developed for
profesionals
bull Requires learning the
syntax
bull Latex makes difficult
things easy and easy
things very difficult
bull Prefered by publishers
LaTeX
Tables and figures
Tables
bull Most journals use three
horizontal lines one
above the column
headings one below the
column headings and
one below the data
bull Follow journal guidelines
bull DO NOT copy-paste
result tables directly from
software
Figures
bull Visual impact
bull Show trends and patterns
bull Tell a quick story
bull Tell the whole story
bull Highlight a particular
result
bull Always provide caption
bull Use high resolution (1000
dpi BampW 300 dpi color)
Tables-Examples
Figures- Examples
Final draft check-list
bull Check for consistency
bull Check for numerical consistencybull Do the numbers in your abstract match the numbers in your
tablesfigurestext
bull Do the numbers in the text match those in the tablesfigures
bull Do the numbers in each tablefigure match those in other tablesfigures
bull Check your references style
bull Check your overall style
Submission information
bull Authorship
This can be a point of contention when
writing in groups so establish
expectations for roles and responsibilities
early in the writing process
bull Permissions and Approvals
bull permissions for reprinting copyrighted
material
bull Ethical Considerations
Plagiarism amp Self- plagiarism
bull Passing off other
peoplersquos writing (or
tables and figures) as
your own
bull cutting and pasting
sentences or even
phrases from another
source
bull slightly rewriting or re-
arranging othersrsquo
words
Recycling your own
writing or data
bull Copying or only
slightly rewriting text
from your own
published papers
bull Adding new data to
already published
data and presenting it
as new results
Submitting identical or overlapping data to multiple journals
Submission checklist
bull Keywords
bull JEL Codes
bull All figure captions
bull All tables (including title description)
bull Manuscript has been spell-checked and grammar-
checked
bull References are in the correct format for this journal
bull All references mentioned in the Reference list are cited
in the text and vice versa
bull Permission has been obtained for use of copyrighted
material from other sources (including the Web)
Cover letter
Put the puzzle together
LOGO
Thank You
Bibliography
bull Jaba E (2002) Statistica Editura Economică București
bull Day A amp Peters A D (1996) How to get research published in journals Aldershot
Gower
bull Academic Writing and Research Skills Workshop Mancester University
bull APA Research Style Crib Sheet by Professor Russ Dewey amp Dr Abel Scribe PhD -
Fall 2007
bull Writing Articles for Peer-Review Publications A Quick Reference Guide
bull Chin B (2004) How to write a great research paper John Wiley amp Sons
bull Pieter M Kroonenberg (2007)How to write an article Leiden University
bull Daniel P J Soule Lucy Whiteley and Shona McIntosh Writing for Scholarly
Journals eSharp
bull Stephen E Dew (2013)The 5 Step Essay Writing Process
bull Kristin Sainani Writing in the Sciences Stanford University
bull httpwebupaczasitefilesfile40753writing_an_academic_journal_articlepdf
bull Sebastian-Florian Enea Silvia Palașcă Claudiu Țigănaș (2013) G7 COUNTRIES ndash
ADVOCATES OF THE GLOBAL BUSINESS CYCLE GEBA 2013 Iași
bull Enea Sebastian (2013) EVALUATING GLOBALIZATION BY MEANS OF FUZZY
CLUSTER ANALYSIS IE Bucharest
bull Oxford Dictionary httpwwwoxforddictionariescom
Methods section
bull Explain how you have studied the research hypotheses
issues problems etc
bull Identify and structure logically the procedures employed
New method
bull Give precise and correct details
Previously published method
bull Name and cite it
Mathematical method
bull Include the formula
Results amp Discussions
bull Present results in a clear logical
sequence
bull Link findings to the aim of the article
bull WHATrsquoS NEW
bull Discuss findings by reffering to existing
literature
bull Possible implications
bull Also report uncertainties
bull DO NOT SPECULATE JUST REPORT
Results amp Discussions
bull Use tables and figures to support your arguments
bull Provide captions and legends for all your figures and tables
bull Use measure units where appropriate
bull NEVER USE RAW DATA
bull Be parsimonious about tables and figures
bull Never duplicate (same information both in table and in figure)
Results- Statistical issues
1 Descriptive analysis of the variables and
checking assumptions- to check for correctness of the data
- to acquire a feel for the raw data so that you recognize unusual
outcomes in your results
- to check whether the assumptions of the main analysis technique
have been fulfilled to a reasonable level
- to detect and explain of missing data or subjects with unusual
data
Dependent variables Independent
variables
Reporting statistics
bull MeanStandard
Deviation and
percentages are most
clearly presented in
parenthesesldquoThe sample as a whole was
relatively young (M = 1922 SD =
345)rdquo ƒ
bull Never report the
significance level as
p =0000 correct is
p lt0001
bull Chi-square -degrees
of freedom and
sample size in
parentheses followed
by chi-square statistic
(round to two decimal
places) and the
significance level
bull ldquoThe proportion of older male
teachers was 086 whereas the
proportion of younger male
teachers was 052 This difference
is significant (2 N = 167) =
2201 p lt 01rdquo
2
Reporting statistics
bull Correlations are
reported with their
degrees of freedom
(N-2) in parentheses
together with the
significance level in
this way
bull ldquoThe two variables were strongly
correlated r(55) =49 p lt01rdquo
bull ƒ t Tests are reported
with the degrees of
freedom in
parentheses followed
by the t statistic
(rounded to two
decimal places) and
the significance level
bull ldquoThere was a significant effect for
gender t(54) = 543 p lt001 with
men receiving higher scores than
womenrdquo
Reporting statistics
bull Regression results are often best
presented in a table
bull Include the standardized slope (beta)
along with the t-test and the corresponding
significance level
bull ldquoSocial support significantly predicted depression scores beta= -34 t(225)
= 653 p lt01 Social support also explained a significant proportion of
variance in depression scores R2 =12 F(1 225) = 4264 p lt01 rdquo
Tables and figures
Tables
bull Remove grid lines
bull Make sure everything
lines up
bull Keep a reasonable
number of significant
figures
bull Leave out
unnecessary info
Figures
bull Line Graphs-Used to
show trends over
time age
bull Bar Graphs- Used to
compare groups at
one time point
bull Scatter Plots- Used to
show relationships
between two
variables
Tables and figures- Example
Tables and figures
Do-s
bull Labeling
bull Numbering
bull Positioning
bull In-text referencing
bull Larger tables and
figuresmdashplace large
tables or figures in the
appendices
Donrsquot-s
bull Dont restructure data
from an information
source into another
format
bull Dont give extensive
descriptions in your
writing of the contents
of a table or diagram
The information in a
table or diagram tells
its own story
Insights regarding the
Introduction
Comunicates thereseach area
The authorrsquos position
Create the RESEARCH
SPACE
Short structure
bull Establish a territory ndash identify the research topic1
bull Identify a niche ndash issues gaps dilemmas that demand attention
2
bull State what your paper is going to address3
Suggested structure
Ibull Generalization about the topic
II
bull Short insights regarding the topic and or concepts (definitions debates academic conflicts)
IIIbull Find the research issue or gap
IV bull State very clearly the purpose
Vbull Structure of the article
GENERALIZATION ABOUT THE
TOPIC
ldquoConsidered to be one of the most important
contemporary phenomena by the national and
international literature globalization represents
a key research issue within in the academic
fieldrdquo
SHORT INSIGHTS REGARDING THE
TOPIC AND OR CONCEPTS
ldquoUsed as a term for the first time in 1983 in order to
(citation) globalization can be perceived as rdquo
The literature on business cycles acknowledges two
types of cycles the ldquoclassicalrdquo cycle as defined by hellip
(citation) and the one based on deviations or growths
where the underlying idea is that hellip (citation) ldquo
FIND THE RESEARCH ISSUE OR
GAP
ldquoThe main challenge that globalization puts forward
is that of finding alternative methods that can evaluate
its impact on the international economy
an analysis based on the idea that business cycles
synchronization represents a direct effect of
globalization offers the possibility to better grasp the
nature and dynamics of these vast processesrdquo
State very clearly the purpose
bull The present study seeks to
address the following questions
Are there pieces of evidence
regarding the synchronization
of business cycles between
the G7 countries and if this
is proved to be true
Can these seven countries be
considered the promoters of
economic globalization
This paper aims to estimate the synchronization of business cycles
perceived as an effect of globalization on the basis of the relationship
that exists between the growth rate of the GDP and inflows and
outflows of foreign direct investments (FDI) considered as percentage
of the GDP
Tips for writing the
Conclusions
bull Conclusions = the summing-up of an
argument or text
bull From the verb to conclude = to bring or
come to an end to sum up
Suggested structure
I
bull General assessment of the topic
bull Link to the purpose of the paper
II
bull Short and concise remarks regarding the findings
III
bull Contributions of the study
IV
bull Limitations of the research
bull Future research directions
GENERAL ASSESSMENT OF THE TOPIC amp
LINK TO THE PURPOSE OF THE PAPER
ldquoBoth globalization and business cycles are elusive economical
phenomena hence they represents a continuous research puzzle
for the academic community and an inexhaustible source of
possible inquiriesrdquo
ldquoThe main purpose of the research was to assess the business
cycle synchronization patterns inside the G7 in order to better
grasp the transformations that hellipldquo
SHORT AND CONCISE REMARKS
REGARDING THE FINDINGS
ldquoThe study has showed that in general hellip One of the
more important findings that emerge from the research
is fact that hellipThe second major finding is that hellip thus it
highlights the cases of hellip previously discussed It can
also be said that helliprdquo
CONTRIBUTIONS OF THE STUDY
ldquoThe contribution of the research founded on the
existence of resides in the explanation of and
also the Another implication of the present paper is
that it highlights the importance rdquo
ldquoThe novelty of the study is the use the ltlt X gtgt method
in order to study the helliprdquo
LIMITATIONS amp FUTURE RESEARCH
DIRECTIONS
ldquoThe future directions of study
will aim to enlarge the sample
and employ if possible
additional variables and
quarterly datardquo
ldquoThe limitations of the research
derive from therdquo
bull sample size
bull variables employed
bull types of data (annual
quarterly etc)
bull methods
bull time span
Connection with the future study
direction
Abstract
bull Summarizes the research and the conclusions
bull Is your advertisment = rdquoSellsrdquo your work
bull 50-300 words (200 typical length) (Refer to
author guidelines)
bull Stand-alone (NO references)
bull Indicates usefulness
bull Targets the audience
Writing the abstract-Long version
Originalityvalue
Research limitationsimplications
Findings
Designmethodologyapproach
Purpose
bullBased on the Emerald Structured Abstract
Writing the abstract-Short version
The Findings
The Arguments
The Purpose
Fancy title
bull Academic Titles Have Three Parts
bull (A) A catchy hook that introduces the
paper in a creative way
bull (B) Specific keywords that identify the
concepts the scholar will be exploring
bull (C) The location where those keywords
will be explored
bull 8-15 words
bull Main themeresearch topic research
design + population + geographical area
Fancy title- Examples
bull Globalization versus Segregation-Business Cycles
Synchronization in Europe
bull Is trade a vector of business cycles synchronization A
Fuzzy Cluster Approach of Globalization
bull Leaders and Followers in the Business Cycle Game A
Case Study of the G7
bull Hard or fuzzy clusters in assessing business cycle
transmission
bull The reverse alchemy of the business cycle
References section
In-text citations
All the cited
works compose
the Reference
List
Types of in-text citation
bull Varies from
Journal to Journal
bull Always check the
Authorrsquos
Guidelines
bull MS Office offers
APA
Harvard
Chicago
IEEE (reference order)
ISO 690 (Numerical
reference)
Includes only the
works cited in the
paper
Contains papers
read not
necessary cited
What makes good writing
Having something
to say
Logical thinking
A few simple
learnable rules of
style
Writing- Tips and tricks
Read pay attention and imitate
Talk about your research before trying to write about it
Stop waiting for ldquoinspirationrdquo
Revise Nobody gets it perfect on the first try
Learn how to cut ruthlessly Never become too attached to your words
Drop the balast
bull 1 Cut unnecessary words and phrases
bull 2 Write with verbs use strong verbs
avoid turning verbs into nouns and donrsquot
bury the main verb
The BAD Writing Contest
bull The move from a structuralist account in which capital is
understood to structure social relations in relatively homologous
ways to a view of hegemony in which power relations are subject to
repetition convergence and rearticulation brought the question of
temporality into the thinking of structure and marked a shift from a
form of Althusserian theory that takes structural totalities as
theoretical objects to one in which the insights into the contingent
possibility of structure inaugurate a renewed conception of
hegemony as bound up with the contingent sites and strategies of
the rearticulation of power
bull Butlerrsquos Diacritics (1997)
Balast to drop-Examples
1 Dead weight words and
phrases
bull As it is well known
bull As it has been shown
bull It can be regarded that
bull It should be emphasized
that
2 Empty words and
phrases
bull methodologic
bull important
3 Long words or phrases
that could be short
4 Unnecessary jargon
and acronyms
5 Repetitive words or
phrases
6 Adverbs
bull very really quite
basically generally etc
Substitute damn every time
youre inclined to write very
your editor will delete it and the
writing will be just as it should
be(Mark Twain)
Active vs Passive voice
Passive voice (Was done)
bull For previous studies
bull Literature reviewActive voice (I We did)
bull For new exciting own results
bull Original research
Verbs make the World go round
Donrsquot turn verbs into
nouns
Donrsquot bury the
main verb
Writing Environment
bull MS Word
bull Developed for average
users
bull WYSIWYG
bull Auto references
bull Thesaurus
bull LaTeX
bull Developed for
profesionals
bull Requires learning the
syntax
bull Latex makes difficult
things easy and easy
things very difficult
bull Prefered by publishers
LaTeX
Tables and figures
Tables
bull Most journals use three
horizontal lines one
above the column
headings one below the
column headings and
one below the data
bull Follow journal guidelines
bull DO NOT copy-paste
result tables directly from
software
Figures
bull Visual impact
bull Show trends and patterns
bull Tell a quick story
bull Tell the whole story
bull Highlight a particular
result
bull Always provide caption
bull Use high resolution (1000
dpi BampW 300 dpi color)
Tables-Examples
Figures- Examples
Final draft check-list
bull Check for consistency
bull Check for numerical consistencybull Do the numbers in your abstract match the numbers in your
tablesfigurestext
bull Do the numbers in the text match those in the tablesfigures
bull Do the numbers in each tablefigure match those in other tablesfigures
bull Check your references style
bull Check your overall style
Submission information
bull Authorship
This can be a point of contention when
writing in groups so establish
expectations for roles and responsibilities
early in the writing process
bull Permissions and Approvals
bull permissions for reprinting copyrighted
material
bull Ethical Considerations
Plagiarism amp Self- plagiarism
bull Passing off other
peoplersquos writing (or
tables and figures) as
your own
bull cutting and pasting
sentences or even
phrases from another
source
bull slightly rewriting or re-
arranging othersrsquo
words
Recycling your own
writing or data
bull Copying or only
slightly rewriting text
from your own
published papers
bull Adding new data to
already published
data and presenting it
as new results
Submitting identical or overlapping data to multiple journals
Submission checklist
bull Keywords
bull JEL Codes
bull All figure captions
bull All tables (including title description)
bull Manuscript has been spell-checked and grammar-
checked
bull References are in the correct format for this journal
bull All references mentioned in the Reference list are cited
in the text and vice versa
bull Permission has been obtained for use of copyrighted
material from other sources (including the Web)
Cover letter
Put the puzzle together
LOGO
Thank You
Bibliography
bull Jaba E (2002) Statistica Editura Economică București
bull Day A amp Peters A D (1996) How to get research published in journals Aldershot
Gower
bull Academic Writing and Research Skills Workshop Mancester University
bull APA Research Style Crib Sheet by Professor Russ Dewey amp Dr Abel Scribe PhD -
Fall 2007
bull Writing Articles for Peer-Review Publications A Quick Reference Guide
bull Chin B (2004) How to write a great research paper John Wiley amp Sons
bull Pieter M Kroonenberg (2007)How to write an article Leiden University
bull Daniel P J Soule Lucy Whiteley and Shona McIntosh Writing for Scholarly
Journals eSharp
bull Stephen E Dew (2013)The 5 Step Essay Writing Process
bull Kristin Sainani Writing in the Sciences Stanford University
bull httpwebupaczasitefilesfile40753writing_an_academic_journal_articlepdf
bull Sebastian-Florian Enea Silvia Palașcă Claudiu Țigănaș (2013) G7 COUNTRIES ndash
ADVOCATES OF THE GLOBAL BUSINESS CYCLE GEBA 2013 Iași
bull Enea Sebastian (2013) EVALUATING GLOBALIZATION BY MEANS OF FUZZY
CLUSTER ANALYSIS IE Bucharest
bull Oxford Dictionary httpwwwoxforddictionariescom
Results amp Discussions
bull Present results in a clear logical
sequence
bull Link findings to the aim of the article
bull WHATrsquoS NEW
bull Discuss findings by reffering to existing
literature
bull Possible implications
bull Also report uncertainties
bull DO NOT SPECULATE JUST REPORT
Results amp Discussions
bull Use tables and figures to support your arguments
bull Provide captions and legends for all your figures and tables
bull Use measure units where appropriate
bull NEVER USE RAW DATA
bull Be parsimonious about tables and figures
bull Never duplicate (same information both in table and in figure)
Results- Statistical issues
1 Descriptive analysis of the variables and
checking assumptions- to check for correctness of the data
- to acquire a feel for the raw data so that you recognize unusual
outcomes in your results
- to check whether the assumptions of the main analysis technique
have been fulfilled to a reasonable level
- to detect and explain of missing data or subjects with unusual
data
Dependent variables Independent
variables
Reporting statistics
bull MeanStandard
Deviation and
percentages are most
clearly presented in
parenthesesldquoThe sample as a whole was
relatively young (M = 1922 SD =
345)rdquo ƒ
bull Never report the
significance level as
p =0000 correct is
p lt0001
bull Chi-square -degrees
of freedom and
sample size in
parentheses followed
by chi-square statistic
(round to two decimal
places) and the
significance level
bull ldquoThe proportion of older male
teachers was 086 whereas the
proportion of younger male
teachers was 052 This difference
is significant (2 N = 167) =
2201 p lt 01rdquo
2
Reporting statistics
bull Correlations are
reported with their
degrees of freedom
(N-2) in parentheses
together with the
significance level in
this way
bull ldquoThe two variables were strongly
correlated r(55) =49 p lt01rdquo
bull ƒ t Tests are reported
with the degrees of
freedom in
parentheses followed
by the t statistic
(rounded to two
decimal places) and
the significance level
bull ldquoThere was a significant effect for
gender t(54) = 543 p lt001 with
men receiving higher scores than
womenrdquo
Reporting statistics
bull Regression results are often best
presented in a table
bull Include the standardized slope (beta)
along with the t-test and the corresponding
significance level
bull ldquoSocial support significantly predicted depression scores beta= -34 t(225)
= 653 p lt01 Social support also explained a significant proportion of
variance in depression scores R2 =12 F(1 225) = 4264 p lt01 rdquo
Tables and figures
Tables
bull Remove grid lines
bull Make sure everything
lines up
bull Keep a reasonable
number of significant
figures
bull Leave out
unnecessary info
Figures
bull Line Graphs-Used to
show trends over
time age
bull Bar Graphs- Used to
compare groups at
one time point
bull Scatter Plots- Used to
show relationships
between two
variables
Tables and figures- Example
Tables and figures
Do-s
bull Labeling
bull Numbering
bull Positioning
bull In-text referencing
bull Larger tables and
figuresmdashplace large
tables or figures in the
appendices
Donrsquot-s
bull Dont restructure data
from an information
source into another
format
bull Dont give extensive
descriptions in your
writing of the contents
of a table or diagram
The information in a
table or diagram tells
its own story
Insights regarding the
Introduction
Comunicates thereseach area
The authorrsquos position
Create the RESEARCH
SPACE
Short structure
bull Establish a territory ndash identify the research topic1
bull Identify a niche ndash issues gaps dilemmas that demand attention
2
bull State what your paper is going to address3
Suggested structure
Ibull Generalization about the topic
II
bull Short insights regarding the topic and or concepts (definitions debates academic conflicts)
IIIbull Find the research issue or gap
IV bull State very clearly the purpose
Vbull Structure of the article
GENERALIZATION ABOUT THE
TOPIC
ldquoConsidered to be one of the most important
contemporary phenomena by the national and
international literature globalization represents
a key research issue within in the academic
fieldrdquo
SHORT INSIGHTS REGARDING THE
TOPIC AND OR CONCEPTS
ldquoUsed as a term for the first time in 1983 in order to
(citation) globalization can be perceived as rdquo
The literature on business cycles acknowledges two
types of cycles the ldquoclassicalrdquo cycle as defined by hellip
(citation) and the one based on deviations or growths
where the underlying idea is that hellip (citation) ldquo
FIND THE RESEARCH ISSUE OR
GAP
ldquoThe main challenge that globalization puts forward
is that of finding alternative methods that can evaluate
its impact on the international economy
an analysis based on the idea that business cycles
synchronization represents a direct effect of
globalization offers the possibility to better grasp the
nature and dynamics of these vast processesrdquo
State very clearly the purpose
bull The present study seeks to
address the following questions
Are there pieces of evidence
regarding the synchronization
of business cycles between
the G7 countries and if this
is proved to be true
Can these seven countries be
considered the promoters of
economic globalization
This paper aims to estimate the synchronization of business cycles
perceived as an effect of globalization on the basis of the relationship
that exists between the growth rate of the GDP and inflows and
outflows of foreign direct investments (FDI) considered as percentage
of the GDP
Tips for writing the
Conclusions
bull Conclusions = the summing-up of an
argument or text
bull From the verb to conclude = to bring or
come to an end to sum up
Suggested structure
I
bull General assessment of the topic
bull Link to the purpose of the paper
II
bull Short and concise remarks regarding the findings
III
bull Contributions of the study
IV
bull Limitations of the research
bull Future research directions
GENERAL ASSESSMENT OF THE TOPIC amp
LINK TO THE PURPOSE OF THE PAPER
ldquoBoth globalization and business cycles are elusive economical
phenomena hence they represents a continuous research puzzle
for the academic community and an inexhaustible source of
possible inquiriesrdquo
ldquoThe main purpose of the research was to assess the business
cycle synchronization patterns inside the G7 in order to better
grasp the transformations that hellipldquo
SHORT AND CONCISE REMARKS
REGARDING THE FINDINGS
ldquoThe study has showed that in general hellip One of the
more important findings that emerge from the research
is fact that hellipThe second major finding is that hellip thus it
highlights the cases of hellip previously discussed It can
also be said that helliprdquo
CONTRIBUTIONS OF THE STUDY
ldquoThe contribution of the research founded on the
existence of resides in the explanation of and
also the Another implication of the present paper is
that it highlights the importance rdquo
ldquoThe novelty of the study is the use the ltlt X gtgt method
in order to study the helliprdquo
LIMITATIONS amp FUTURE RESEARCH
DIRECTIONS
ldquoThe future directions of study
will aim to enlarge the sample
and employ if possible
additional variables and
quarterly datardquo
ldquoThe limitations of the research
derive from therdquo
bull sample size
bull variables employed
bull types of data (annual
quarterly etc)
bull methods
bull time span
Connection with the future study
direction
Abstract
bull Summarizes the research and the conclusions
bull Is your advertisment = rdquoSellsrdquo your work
bull 50-300 words (200 typical length) (Refer to
author guidelines)
bull Stand-alone (NO references)
bull Indicates usefulness
bull Targets the audience
Writing the abstract-Long version
Originalityvalue
Research limitationsimplications
Findings
Designmethodologyapproach
Purpose
bullBased on the Emerald Structured Abstract
Writing the abstract-Short version
The Findings
The Arguments
The Purpose
Fancy title
bull Academic Titles Have Three Parts
bull (A) A catchy hook that introduces the
paper in a creative way
bull (B) Specific keywords that identify the
concepts the scholar will be exploring
bull (C) The location where those keywords
will be explored
bull 8-15 words
bull Main themeresearch topic research
design + population + geographical area
Fancy title- Examples
bull Globalization versus Segregation-Business Cycles
Synchronization in Europe
bull Is trade a vector of business cycles synchronization A
Fuzzy Cluster Approach of Globalization
bull Leaders and Followers in the Business Cycle Game A
Case Study of the G7
bull Hard or fuzzy clusters in assessing business cycle
transmission
bull The reverse alchemy of the business cycle
References section
In-text citations
All the cited
works compose
the Reference
List
Types of in-text citation
bull Varies from
Journal to Journal
bull Always check the
Authorrsquos
Guidelines
bull MS Office offers
APA
Harvard
Chicago
IEEE (reference order)
ISO 690 (Numerical
reference)
Includes only the
works cited in the
paper
Contains papers
read not
necessary cited
What makes good writing
Having something
to say
Logical thinking
A few simple
learnable rules of
style
Writing- Tips and tricks
Read pay attention and imitate
Talk about your research before trying to write about it
Stop waiting for ldquoinspirationrdquo
Revise Nobody gets it perfect on the first try
Learn how to cut ruthlessly Never become too attached to your words
Drop the balast
bull 1 Cut unnecessary words and phrases
bull 2 Write with verbs use strong verbs
avoid turning verbs into nouns and donrsquot
bury the main verb
The BAD Writing Contest
bull The move from a structuralist account in which capital is
understood to structure social relations in relatively homologous
ways to a view of hegemony in which power relations are subject to
repetition convergence and rearticulation brought the question of
temporality into the thinking of structure and marked a shift from a
form of Althusserian theory that takes structural totalities as
theoretical objects to one in which the insights into the contingent
possibility of structure inaugurate a renewed conception of
hegemony as bound up with the contingent sites and strategies of
the rearticulation of power
bull Butlerrsquos Diacritics (1997)
Balast to drop-Examples
1 Dead weight words and
phrases
bull As it is well known
bull As it has been shown
bull It can be regarded that
bull It should be emphasized
that
2 Empty words and
phrases
bull methodologic
bull important
3 Long words or phrases
that could be short
4 Unnecessary jargon
and acronyms
5 Repetitive words or
phrases
6 Adverbs
bull very really quite
basically generally etc
Substitute damn every time
youre inclined to write very
your editor will delete it and the
writing will be just as it should
be(Mark Twain)
Active vs Passive voice
Passive voice (Was done)
bull For previous studies
bull Literature reviewActive voice (I We did)
bull For new exciting own results
bull Original research
Verbs make the World go round
Donrsquot turn verbs into
nouns
Donrsquot bury the
main verb
Writing Environment
bull MS Word
bull Developed for average
users
bull WYSIWYG
bull Auto references
bull Thesaurus
bull LaTeX
bull Developed for
profesionals
bull Requires learning the
syntax
bull Latex makes difficult
things easy and easy
things very difficult
bull Prefered by publishers
LaTeX
Tables and figures
Tables
bull Most journals use three
horizontal lines one
above the column
headings one below the
column headings and
one below the data
bull Follow journal guidelines
bull DO NOT copy-paste
result tables directly from
software
Figures
bull Visual impact
bull Show trends and patterns
bull Tell a quick story
bull Tell the whole story
bull Highlight a particular
result
bull Always provide caption
bull Use high resolution (1000
dpi BampW 300 dpi color)
Tables-Examples
Figures- Examples
Final draft check-list
bull Check for consistency
bull Check for numerical consistencybull Do the numbers in your abstract match the numbers in your
tablesfigurestext
bull Do the numbers in the text match those in the tablesfigures
bull Do the numbers in each tablefigure match those in other tablesfigures
bull Check your references style
bull Check your overall style
Submission information
bull Authorship
This can be a point of contention when
writing in groups so establish
expectations for roles and responsibilities
early in the writing process
bull Permissions and Approvals
bull permissions for reprinting copyrighted
material
bull Ethical Considerations
Plagiarism amp Self- plagiarism
bull Passing off other
peoplersquos writing (or
tables and figures) as
your own
bull cutting and pasting
sentences or even
phrases from another
source
bull slightly rewriting or re-
arranging othersrsquo
words
Recycling your own
writing or data
bull Copying or only
slightly rewriting text
from your own
published papers
bull Adding new data to
already published
data and presenting it
as new results
Submitting identical or overlapping data to multiple journals
Submission checklist
bull Keywords
bull JEL Codes
bull All figure captions
bull All tables (including title description)
bull Manuscript has been spell-checked and grammar-
checked
bull References are in the correct format for this journal
bull All references mentioned in the Reference list are cited
in the text and vice versa
bull Permission has been obtained for use of copyrighted
material from other sources (including the Web)
Cover letter
Put the puzzle together
LOGO
Thank You
Bibliography
bull Jaba E (2002) Statistica Editura Economică București
bull Day A amp Peters A D (1996) How to get research published in journals Aldershot
Gower
bull Academic Writing and Research Skills Workshop Mancester University
bull APA Research Style Crib Sheet by Professor Russ Dewey amp Dr Abel Scribe PhD -
Fall 2007
bull Writing Articles for Peer-Review Publications A Quick Reference Guide
bull Chin B (2004) How to write a great research paper John Wiley amp Sons
bull Pieter M Kroonenberg (2007)How to write an article Leiden University
bull Daniel P J Soule Lucy Whiteley and Shona McIntosh Writing for Scholarly
Journals eSharp
bull Stephen E Dew (2013)The 5 Step Essay Writing Process
bull Kristin Sainani Writing in the Sciences Stanford University
bull httpwebupaczasitefilesfile40753writing_an_academic_journal_articlepdf
bull Sebastian-Florian Enea Silvia Palașcă Claudiu Țigănaș (2013) G7 COUNTRIES ndash
ADVOCATES OF THE GLOBAL BUSINESS CYCLE GEBA 2013 Iași
bull Enea Sebastian (2013) EVALUATING GLOBALIZATION BY MEANS OF FUZZY
CLUSTER ANALYSIS IE Bucharest
bull Oxford Dictionary httpwwwoxforddictionariescom
Results amp Discussions
bull Use tables and figures to support your arguments
bull Provide captions and legends for all your figures and tables
bull Use measure units where appropriate
bull NEVER USE RAW DATA
bull Be parsimonious about tables and figures
bull Never duplicate (same information both in table and in figure)
Results- Statistical issues
1 Descriptive analysis of the variables and
checking assumptions- to check for correctness of the data
- to acquire a feel for the raw data so that you recognize unusual
outcomes in your results
- to check whether the assumptions of the main analysis technique
have been fulfilled to a reasonable level
- to detect and explain of missing data or subjects with unusual
data
Dependent variables Independent
variables
Reporting statistics
bull MeanStandard
Deviation and
percentages are most
clearly presented in
parenthesesldquoThe sample as a whole was
relatively young (M = 1922 SD =
345)rdquo ƒ
bull Never report the
significance level as
p =0000 correct is
p lt0001
bull Chi-square -degrees
of freedom and
sample size in
parentheses followed
by chi-square statistic
(round to two decimal
places) and the
significance level
bull ldquoThe proportion of older male
teachers was 086 whereas the
proportion of younger male
teachers was 052 This difference
is significant (2 N = 167) =
2201 p lt 01rdquo
2
Reporting statistics
bull Correlations are
reported with their
degrees of freedom
(N-2) in parentheses
together with the
significance level in
this way
bull ldquoThe two variables were strongly
correlated r(55) =49 p lt01rdquo
bull ƒ t Tests are reported
with the degrees of
freedom in
parentheses followed
by the t statistic
(rounded to two
decimal places) and
the significance level
bull ldquoThere was a significant effect for
gender t(54) = 543 p lt001 with
men receiving higher scores than
womenrdquo
Reporting statistics
bull Regression results are often best
presented in a table
bull Include the standardized slope (beta)
along with the t-test and the corresponding
significance level
bull ldquoSocial support significantly predicted depression scores beta= -34 t(225)
= 653 p lt01 Social support also explained a significant proportion of
variance in depression scores R2 =12 F(1 225) = 4264 p lt01 rdquo
Tables and figures
Tables
bull Remove grid lines
bull Make sure everything
lines up
bull Keep a reasonable
number of significant
figures
bull Leave out
unnecessary info
Figures
bull Line Graphs-Used to
show trends over
time age
bull Bar Graphs- Used to
compare groups at
one time point
bull Scatter Plots- Used to
show relationships
between two
variables
Tables and figures- Example
Tables and figures
Do-s
bull Labeling
bull Numbering
bull Positioning
bull In-text referencing
bull Larger tables and
figuresmdashplace large
tables or figures in the
appendices
Donrsquot-s
bull Dont restructure data
from an information
source into another
format
bull Dont give extensive
descriptions in your
writing of the contents
of a table or diagram
The information in a
table or diagram tells
its own story
Insights regarding the
Introduction
Comunicates thereseach area
The authorrsquos position
Create the RESEARCH
SPACE
Short structure
bull Establish a territory ndash identify the research topic1
bull Identify a niche ndash issues gaps dilemmas that demand attention
2
bull State what your paper is going to address3
Suggested structure
Ibull Generalization about the topic
II
bull Short insights regarding the topic and or concepts (definitions debates academic conflicts)
IIIbull Find the research issue or gap
IV bull State very clearly the purpose
Vbull Structure of the article
GENERALIZATION ABOUT THE
TOPIC
ldquoConsidered to be one of the most important
contemporary phenomena by the national and
international literature globalization represents
a key research issue within in the academic
fieldrdquo
SHORT INSIGHTS REGARDING THE
TOPIC AND OR CONCEPTS
ldquoUsed as a term for the first time in 1983 in order to
(citation) globalization can be perceived as rdquo
The literature on business cycles acknowledges two
types of cycles the ldquoclassicalrdquo cycle as defined by hellip
(citation) and the one based on deviations or growths
where the underlying idea is that hellip (citation) ldquo
FIND THE RESEARCH ISSUE OR
GAP
ldquoThe main challenge that globalization puts forward
is that of finding alternative methods that can evaluate
its impact on the international economy
an analysis based on the idea that business cycles
synchronization represents a direct effect of
globalization offers the possibility to better grasp the
nature and dynamics of these vast processesrdquo
State very clearly the purpose
bull The present study seeks to
address the following questions
Are there pieces of evidence
regarding the synchronization
of business cycles between
the G7 countries and if this
is proved to be true
Can these seven countries be
considered the promoters of
economic globalization
This paper aims to estimate the synchronization of business cycles
perceived as an effect of globalization on the basis of the relationship
that exists between the growth rate of the GDP and inflows and
outflows of foreign direct investments (FDI) considered as percentage
of the GDP
Tips for writing the
Conclusions
bull Conclusions = the summing-up of an
argument or text
bull From the verb to conclude = to bring or
come to an end to sum up
Suggested structure
I
bull General assessment of the topic
bull Link to the purpose of the paper
II
bull Short and concise remarks regarding the findings
III
bull Contributions of the study
IV
bull Limitations of the research
bull Future research directions
GENERAL ASSESSMENT OF THE TOPIC amp
LINK TO THE PURPOSE OF THE PAPER
ldquoBoth globalization and business cycles are elusive economical
phenomena hence they represents a continuous research puzzle
for the academic community and an inexhaustible source of
possible inquiriesrdquo
ldquoThe main purpose of the research was to assess the business
cycle synchronization patterns inside the G7 in order to better
grasp the transformations that hellipldquo
SHORT AND CONCISE REMARKS
REGARDING THE FINDINGS
ldquoThe study has showed that in general hellip One of the
more important findings that emerge from the research
is fact that hellipThe second major finding is that hellip thus it
highlights the cases of hellip previously discussed It can
also be said that helliprdquo
CONTRIBUTIONS OF THE STUDY
ldquoThe contribution of the research founded on the
existence of resides in the explanation of and
also the Another implication of the present paper is
that it highlights the importance rdquo
ldquoThe novelty of the study is the use the ltlt X gtgt method
in order to study the helliprdquo
LIMITATIONS amp FUTURE RESEARCH
DIRECTIONS
ldquoThe future directions of study
will aim to enlarge the sample
and employ if possible
additional variables and
quarterly datardquo
ldquoThe limitations of the research
derive from therdquo
bull sample size
bull variables employed
bull types of data (annual
quarterly etc)
bull methods
bull time span
Connection with the future study
direction
Abstract
bull Summarizes the research and the conclusions
bull Is your advertisment = rdquoSellsrdquo your work
bull 50-300 words (200 typical length) (Refer to
author guidelines)
bull Stand-alone (NO references)
bull Indicates usefulness
bull Targets the audience
Writing the abstract-Long version
Originalityvalue
Research limitationsimplications
Findings
Designmethodologyapproach
Purpose
bullBased on the Emerald Structured Abstract
Writing the abstract-Short version
The Findings
The Arguments
The Purpose
Fancy title
bull Academic Titles Have Three Parts
bull (A) A catchy hook that introduces the
paper in a creative way
bull (B) Specific keywords that identify the
concepts the scholar will be exploring
bull (C) The location where those keywords
will be explored
bull 8-15 words
bull Main themeresearch topic research
design + population + geographical area
Fancy title- Examples
bull Globalization versus Segregation-Business Cycles
Synchronization in Europe
bull Is trade a vector of business cycles synchronization A
Fuzzy Cluster Approach of Globalization
bull Leaders and Followers in the Business Cycle Game A
Case Study of the G7
bull Hard or fuzzy clusters in assessing business cycle
transmission
bull The reverse alchemy of the business cycle
References section
In-text citations
All the cited
works compose
the Reference
List
Types of in-text citation
bull Varies from
Journal to Journal
bull Always check the
Authorrsquos
Guidelines
bull MS Office offers
APA
Harvard
Chicago
IEEE (reference order)
ISO 690 (Numerical
reference)
Includes only the
works cited in the
paper
Contains papers
read not
necessary cited
What makes good writing
Having something
to say
Logical thinking
A few simple
learnable rules of
style
Writing- Tips and tricks
Read pay attention and imitate
Talk about your research before trying to write about it
Stop waiting for ldquoinspirationrdquo
Revise Nobody gets it perfect on the first try
Learn how to cut ruthlessly Never become too attached to your words
Drop the balast
bull 1 Cut unnecessary words and phrases
bull 2 Write with verbs use strong verbs
avoid turning verbs into nouns and donrsquot
bury the main verb
The BAD Writing Contest
bull The move from a structuralist account in which capital is
understood to structure social relations in relatively homologous
ways to a view of hegemony in which power relations are subject to
repetition convergence and rearticulation brought the question of
temporality into the thinking of structure and marked a shift from a
form of Althusserian theory that takes structural totalities as
theoretical objects to one in which the insights into the contingent
possibility of structure inaugurate a renewed conception of
hegemony as bound up with the contingent sites and strategies of
the rearticulation of power
bull Butlerrsquos Diacritics (1997)
Balast to drop-Examples
1 Dead weight words and
phrases
bull As it is well known
bull As it has been shown
bull It can be regarded that
bull It should be emphasized
that
2 Empty words and
phrases
bull methodologic
bull important
3 Long words or phrases
that could be short
4 Unnecessary jargon
and acronyms
5 Repetitive words or
phrases
6 Adverbs
bull very really quite
basically generally etc
Substitute damn every time
youre inclined to write very
your editor will delete it and the
writing will be just as it should
be(Mark Twain)
Active vs Passive voice
Passive voice (Was done)
bull For previous studies
bull Literature reviewActive voice (I We did)
bull For new exciting own results
bull Original research
Verbs make the World go round
Donrsquot turn verbs into
nouns
Donrsquot bury the
main verb
Writing Environment
bull MS Word
bull Developed for average
users
bull WYSIWYG
bull Auto references
bull Thesaurus
bull LaTeX
bull Developed for
profesionals
bull Requires learning the
syntax
bull Latex makes difficult
things easy and easy
things very difficult
bull Prefered by publishers
LaTeX
Tables and figures
Tables
bull Most journals use three
horizontal lines one
above the column
headings one below the
column headings and
one below the data
bull Follow journal guidelines
bull DO NOT copy-paste
result tables directly from
software
Figures
bull Visual impact
bull Show trends and patterns
bull Tell a quick story
bull Tell the whole story
bull Highlight a particular
result
bull Always provide caption
bull Use high resolution (1000
dpi BampW 300 dpi color)
Tables-Examples
Figures- Examples
Final draft check-list
bull Check for consistency
bull Check for numerical consistencybull Do the numbers in your abstract match the numbers in your
tablesfigurestext
bull Do the numbers in the text match those in the tablesfigures
bull Do the numbers in each tablefigure match those in other tablesfigures
bull Check your references style
bull Check your overall style
Submission information
bull Authorship
This can be a point of contention when
writing in groups so establish
expectations for roles and responsibilities
early in the writing process
bull Permissions and Approvals
bull permissions for reprinting copyrighted
material
bull Ethical Considerations
Plagiarism amp Self- plagiarism
bull Passing off other
peoplersquos writing (or
tables and figures) as
your own
bull cutting and pasting
sentences or even
phrases from another
source
bull slightly rewriting or re-
arranging othersrsquo
words
Recycling your own
writing or data
bull Copying or only
slightly rewriting text
from your own
published papers
bull Adding new data to
already published
data and presenting it
as new results
Submitting identical or overlapping data to multiple journals
Submission checklist
bull Keywords
bull JEL Codes
bull All figure captions
bull All tables (including title description)
bull Manuscript has been spell-checked and grammar-
checked
bull References are in the correct format for this journal
bull All references mentioned in the Reference list are cited
in the text and vice versa
bull Permission has been obtained for use of copyrighted
material from other sources (including the Web)
Cover letter
Put the puzzle together
LOGO
Thank You
Bibliography
bull Jaba E (2002) Statistica Editura Economică București
bull Day A amp Peters A D (1996) How to get research published in journals Aldershot
Gower
bull Academic Writing and Research Skills Workshop Mancester University
bull APA Research Style Crib Sheet by Professor Russ Dewey amp Dr Abel Scribe PhD -
Fall 2007
bull Writing Articles for Peer-Review Publications A Quick Reference Guide
bull Chin B (2004) How to write a great research paper John Wiley amp Sons
bull Pieter M Kroonenberg (2007)How to write an article Leiden University
bull Daniel P J Soule Lucy Whiteley and Shona McIntosh Writing for Scholarly
Journals eSharp
bull Stephen E Dew (2013)The 5 Step Essay Writing Process
bull Kristin Sainani Writing in the Sciences Stanford University
bull httpwebupaczasitefilesfile40753writing_an_academic_journal_articlepdf
bull Sebastian-Florian Enea Silvia Palașcă Claudiu Țigănaș (2013) G7 COUNTRIES ndash
ADVOCATES OF THE GLOBAL BUSINESS CYCLE GEBA 2013 Iași
bull Enea Sebastian (2013) EVALUATING GLOBALIZATION BY MEANS OF FUZZY
CLUSTER ANALYSIS IE Bucharest
bull Oxford Dictionary httpwwwoxforddictionariescom
Results- Statistical issues
1 Descriptive analysis of the variables and
checking assumptions- to check for correctness of the data
- to acquire a feel for the raw data so that you recognize unusual
outcomes in your results
- to check whether the assumptions of the main analysis technique
have been fulfilled to a reasonable level
- to detect and explain of missing data or subjects with unusual
data
Dependent variables Independent
variables
Reporting statistics
bull MeanStandard
Deviation and
percentages are most
clearly presented in
parenthesesldquoThe sample as a whole was
relatively young (M = 1922 SD =
345)rdquo ƒ
bull Never report the
significance level as
p =0000 correct is
p lt0001
bull Chi-square -degrees
of freedom and
sample size in
parentheses followed
by chi-square statistic
(round to two decimal
places) and the
significance level
bull ldquoThe proportion of older male
teachers was 086 whereas the
proportion of younger male
teachers was 052 This difference
is significant (2 N = 167) =
2201 p lt 01rdquo
2
Reporting statistics
bull Correlations are
reported with their
degrees of freedom
(N-2) in parentheses
together with the
significance level in
this way
bull ldquoThe two variables were strongly
correlated r(55) =49 p lt01rdquo
bull ƒ t Tests are reported
with the degrees of
freedom in
parentheses followed
by the t statistic
(rounded to two
decimal places) and
the significance level
bull ldquoThere was a significant effect for
gender t(54) = 543 p lt001 with
men receiving higher scores than
womenrdquo
Reporting statistics
bull Regression results are often best
presented in a table
bull Include the standardized slope (beta)
along with the t-test and the corresponding
significance level
bull ldquoSocial support significantly predicted depression scores beta= -34 t(225)
= 653 p lt01 Social support also explained a significant proportion of
variance in depression scores R2 =12 F(1 225) = 4264 p lt01 rdquo
Tables and figures
Tables
bull Remove grid lines
bull Make sure everything
lines up
bull Keep a reasonable
number of significant
figures
bull Leave out
unnecessary info
Figures
bull Line Graphs-Used to
show trends over
time age
bull Bar Graphs- Used to
compare groups at
one time point
bull Scatter Plots- Used to
show relationships
between two
variables
Tables and figures- Example
Tables and figures
Do-s
bull Labeling
bull Numbering
bull Positioning
bull In-text referencing
bull Larger tables and
figuresmdashplace large
tables or figures in the
appendices
Donrsquot-s
bull Dont restructure data
from an information
source into another
format
bull Dont give extensive
descriptions in your
writing of the contents
of a table or diagram
The information in a
table or diagram tells
its own story
Insights regarding the
Introduction
Comunicates thereseach area
The authorrsquos position
Create the RESEARCH
SPACE
Short structure
bull Establish a territory ndash identify the research topic1
bull Identify a niche ndash issues gaps dilemmas that demand attention
2
bull State what your paper is going to address3
Suggested structure
Ibull Generalization about the topic
II
bull Short insights regarding the topic and or concepts (definitions debates academic conflicts)
IIIbull Find the research issue or gap
IV bull State very clearly the purpose
Vbull Structure of the article
GENERALIZATION ABOUT THE
TOPIC
ldquoConsidered to be one of the most important
contemporary phenomena by the national and
international literature globalization represents
a key research issue within in the academic
fieldrdquo
SHORT INSIGHTS REGARDING THE
TOPIC AND OR CONCEPTS
ldquoUsed as a term for the first time in 1983 in order to
(citation) globalization can be perceived as rdquo
The literature on business cycles acknowledges two
types of cycles the ldquoclassicalrdquo cycle as defined by hellip
(citation) and the one based on deviations or growths
where the underlying idea is that hellip (citation) ldquo
FIND THE RESEARCH ISSUE OR
GAP
ldquoThe main challenge that globalization puts forward
is that of finding alternative methods that can evaluate
its impact on the international economy
an analysis based on the idea that business cycles
synchronization represents a direct effect of
globalization offers the possibility to better grasp the
nature and dynamics of these vast processesrdquo
State very clearly the purpose
bull The present study seeks to
address the following questions
Are there pieces of evidence
regarding the synchronization
of business cycles between
the G7 countries and if this
is proved to be true
Can these seven countries be
considered the promoters of
economic globalization
This paper aims to estimate the synchronization of business cycles
perceived as an effect of globalization on the basis of the relationship
that exists between the growth rate of the GDP and inflows and
outflows of foreign direct investments (FDI) considered as percentage
of the GDP
Tips for writing the
Conclusions
bull Conclusions = the summing-up of an
argument or text
bull From the verb to conclude = to bring or
come to an end to sum up
Suggested structure
I
bull General assessment of the topic
bull Link to the purpose of the paper
II
bull Short and concise remarks regarding the findings
III
bull Contributions of the study
IV
bull Limitations of the research
bull Future research directions
GENERAL ASSESSMENT OF THE TOPIC amp
LINK TO THE PURPOSE OF THE PAPER
ldquoBoth globalization and business cycles are elusive economical
phenomena hence they represents a continuous research puzzle
for the academic community and an inexhaustible source of
possible inquiriesrdquo
ldquoThe main purpose of the research was to assess the business
cycle synchronization patterns inside the G7 in order to better
grasp the transformations that hellipldquo
SHORT AND CONCISE REMARKS
REGARDING THE FINDINGS
ldquoThe study has showed that in general hellip One of the
more important findings that emerge from the research
is fact that hellipThe second major finding is that hellip thus it
highlights the cases of hellip previously discussed It can
also be said that helliprdquo
CONTRIBUTIONS OF THE STUDY
ldquoThe contribution of the research founded on the
existence of resides in the explanation of and
also the Another implication of the present paper is
that it highlights the importance rdquo
ldquoThe novelty of the study is the use the ltlt X gtgt method
in order to study the helliprdquo
LIMITATIONS amp FUTURE RESEARCH
DIRECTIONS
ldquoThe future directions of study
will aim to enlarge the sample
and employ if possible
additional variables and
quarterly datardquo
ldquoThe limitations of the research
derive from therdquo
bull sample size
bull variables employed
bull types of data (annual
quarterly etc)
bull methods
bull time span
Connection with the future study
direction
Abstract
bull Summarizes the research and the conclusions
bull Is your advertisment = rdquoSellsrdquo your work
bull 50-300 words (200 typical length) (Refer to
author guidelines)
bull Stand-alone (NO references)
bull Indicates usefulness
bull Targets the audience
Writing the abstract-Long version
Originalityvalue
Research limitationsimplications
Findings
Designmethodologyapproach
Purpose
bullBased on the Emerald Structured Abstract
Writing the abstract-Short version
The Findings
The Arguments
The Purpose
Fancy title
bull Academic Titles Have Three Parts
bull (A) A catchy hook that introduces the
paper in a creative way
bull (B) Specific keywords that identify the
concepts the scholar will be exploring
bull (C) The location where those keywords
will be explored
bull 8-15 words
bull Main themeresearch topic research
design + population + geographical area
Fancy title- Examples
bull Globalization versus Segregation-Business Cycles
Synchronization in Europe
bull Is trade a vector of business cycles synchronization A
Fuzzy Cluster Approach of Globalization
bull Leaders and Followers in the Business Cycle Game A
Case Study of the G7
bull Hard or fuzzy clusters in assessing business cycle
transmission
bull The reverse alchemy of the business cycle
References section
In-text citations
All the cited
works compose
the Reference
List
Types of in-text citation
bull Varies from
Journal to Journal
bull Always check the
Authorrsquos
Guidelines
bull MS Office offers
APA
Harvard
Chicago
IEEE (reference order)
ISO 690 (Numerical
reference)
Includes only the
works cited in the
paper
Contains papers
read not
necessary cited
What makes good writing
Having something
to say
Logical thinking
A few simple
learnable rules of
style
Writing- Tips and tricks
Read pay attention and imitate
Talk about your research before trying to write about it
Stop waiting for ldquoinspirationrdquo
Revise Nobody gets it perfect on the first try
Learn how to cut ruthlessly Never become too attached to your words
Drop the balast
bull 1 Cut unnecessary words and phrases
bull 2 Write with verbs use strong verbs
avoid turning verbs into nouns and donrsquot
bury the main verb
The BAD Writing Contest
bull The move from a structuralist account in which capital is
understood to structure social relations in relatively homologous
ways to a view of hegemony in which power relations are subject to
repetition convergence and rearticulation brought the question of
temporality into the thinking of structure and marked a shift from a
form of Althusserian theory that takes structural totalities as
theoretical objects to one in which the insights into the contingent
possibility of structure inaugurate a renewed conception of
hegemony as bound up with the contingent sites and strategies of
the rearticulation of power
bull Butlerrsquos Diacritics (1997)
Balast to drop-Examples
1 Dead weight words and
phrases
bull As it is well known
bull As it has been shown
bull It can be regarded that
bull It should be emphasized
that
2 Empty words and
phrases
bull methodologic
bull important
3 Long words or phrases
that could be short
4 Unnecessary jargon
and acronyms
5 Repetitive words or
phrases
6 Adverbs
bull very really quite
basically generally etc
Substitute damn every time
youre inclined to write very
your editor will delete it and the
writing will be just as it should
be(Mark Twain)
Active vs Passive voice
Passive voice (Was done)
bull For previous studies
bull Literature reviewActive voice (I We did)
bull For new exciting own results
bull Original research
Verbs make the World go round
Donrsquot turn verbs into
nouns
Donrsquot bury the
main verb
Writing Environment
bull MS Word
bull Developed for average
users
bull WYSIWYG
bull Auto references
bull Thesaurus
bull LaTeX
bull Developed for
profesionals
bull Requires learning the
syntax
bull Latex makes difficult
things easy and easy
things very difficult
bull Prefered by publishers
LaTeX
Tables and figures
Tables
bull Most journals use three
horizontal lines one
above the column
headings one below the
column headings and
one below the data
bull Follow journal guidelines
bull DO NOT copy-paste
result tables directly from
software
Figures
bull Visual impact
bull Show trends and patterns
bull Tell a quick story
bull Tell the whole story
bull Highlight a particular
result
bull Always provide caption
bull Use high resolution (1000
dpi BampW 300 dpi color)
Tables-Examples
Figures- Examples
Final draft check-list
bull Check for consistency
bull Check for numerical consistencybull Do the numbers in your abstract match the numbers in your
tablesfigurestext
bull Do the numbers in the text match those in the tablesfigures
bull Do the numbers in each tablefigure match those in other tablesfigures
bull Check your references style
bull Check your overall style
Submission information
bull Authorship
This can be a point of contention when
writing in groups so establish
expectations for roles and responsibilities
early in the writing process
bull Permissions and Approvals
bull permissions for reprinting copyrighted
material
bull Ethical Considerations
Plagiarism amp Self- plagiarism
bull Passing off other
peoplersquos writing (or
tables and figures) as
your own
bull cutting and pasting
sentences or even
phrases from another
source
bull slightly rewriting or re-
arranging othersrsquo
words
Recycling your own
writing or data
bull Copying or only
slightly rewriting text
from your own
published papers
bull Adding new data to
already published
data and presenting it
as new results
Submitting identical or overlapping data to multiple journals
Submission checklist
bull Keywords
bull JEL Codes
bull All figure captions
bull All tables (including title description)
bull Manuscript has been spell-checked and grammar-
checked
bull References are in the correct format for this journal
bull All references mentioned in the Reference list are cited
in the text and vice versa
bull Permission has been obtained for use of copyrighted
material from other sources (including the Web)
Cover letter
Put the puzzle together
LOGO
Thank You
Bibliography
bull Jaba E (2002) Statistica Editura Economică București
bull Day A amp Peters A D (1996) How to get research published in journals Aldershot
Gower
bull Academic Writing and Research Skills Workshop Mancester University
bull APA Research Style Crib Sheet by Professor Russ Dewey amp Dr Abel Scribe PhD -
Fall 2007
bull Writing Articles for Peer-Review Publications A Quick Reference Guide
bull Chin B (2004) How to write a great research paper John Wiley amp Sons
bull Pieter M Kroonenberg (2007)How to write an article Leiden University
bull Daniel P J Soule Lucy Whiteley and Shona McIntosh Writing for Scholarly
Journals eSharp
bull Stephen E Dew (2013)The 5 Step Essay Writing Process
bull Kristin Sainani Writing in the Sciences Stanford University
bull httpwebupaczasitefilesfile40753writing_an_academic_journal_articlepdf
bull Sebastian-Florian Enea Silvia Palașcă Claudiu Țigănaș (2013) G7 COUNTRIES ndash
ADVOCATES OF THE GLOBAL BUSINESS CYCLE GEBA 2013 Iași
bull Enea Sebastian (2013) EVALUATING GLOBALIZATION BY MEANS OF FUZZY
CLUSTER ANALYSIS IE Bucharest
bull Oxford Dictionary httpwwwoxforddictionariescom
Reporting statistics
bull MeanStandard
Deviation and
percentages are most
clearly presented in
parenthesesldquoThe sample as a whole was
relatively young (M = 1922 SD =
345)rdquo ƒ
bull Never report the
significance level as
p =0000 correct is
p lt0001
bull Chi-square -degrees
of freedom and
sample size in
parentheses followed
by chi-square statistic
(round to two decimal
places) and the
significance level
bull ldquoThe proportion of older male
teachers was 086 whereas the
proportion of younger male
teachers was 052 This difference
is significant (2 N = 167) =
2201 p lt 01rdquo
2
Reporting statistics
bull Correlations are
reported with their
degrees of freedom
(N-2) in parentheses
together with the
significance level in
this way
bull ldquoThe two variables were strongly
correlated r(55) =49 p lt01rdquo
bull ƒ t Tests are reported
with the degrees of
freedom in
parentheses followed
by the t statistic
(rounded to two
decimal places) and
the significance level
bull ldquoThere was a significant effect for
gender t(54) = 543 p lt001 with
men receiving higher scores than
womenrdquo
Reporting statistics
bull Regression results are often best
presented in a table
bull Include the standardized slope (beta)
along with the t-test and the corresponding
significance level
bull ldquoSocial support significantly predicted depression scores beta= -34 t(225)
= 653 p lt01 Social support also explained a significant proportion of
variance in depression scores R2 =12 F(1 225) = 4264 p lt01 rdquo
Tables and figures
Tables
bull Remove grid lines
bull Make sure everything
lines up
bull Keep a reasonable
number of significant
figures
bull Leave out
unnecessary info
Figures
bull Line Graphs-Used to
show trends over
time age
bull Bar Graphs- Used to
compare groups at
one time point
bull Scatter Plots- Used to
show relationships
between two
variables
Tables and figures- Example
Tables and figures
Do-s
bull Labeling
bull Numbering
bull Positioning
bull In-text referencing
bull Larger tables and
figuresmdashplace large
tables or figures in the
appendices
Donrsquot-s
bull Dont restructure data
from an information
source into another
format
bull Dont give extensive
descriptions in your
writing of the contents
of a table or diagram
The information in a
table or diagram tells
its own story
Insights regarding the
Introduction
Comunicates thereseach area
The authorrsquos position
Create the RESEARCH
SPACE
Short structure
bull Establish a territory ndash identify the research topic1
bull Identify a niche ndash issues gaps dilemmas that demand attention
2
bull State what your paper is going to address3
Suggested structure
Ibull Generalization about the topic
II
bull Short insights regarding the topic and or concepts (definitions debates academic conflicts)
IIIbull Find the research issue or gap
IV bull State very clearly the purpose
Vbull Structure of the article
GENERALIZATION ABOUT THE
TOPIC
ldquoConsidered to be one of the most important
contemporary phenomena by the national and
international literature globalization represents
a key research issue within in the academic
fieldrdquo
SHORT INSIGHTS REGARDING THE
TOPIC AND OR CONCEPTS
ldquoUsed as a term for the first time in 1983 in order to
(citation) globalization can be perceived as rdquo
The literature on business cycles acknowledges two
types of cycles the ldquoclassicalrdquo cycle as defined by hellip
(citation) and the one based on deviations or growths
where the underlying idea is that hellip (citation) ldquo
FIND THE RESEARCH ISSUE OR
GAP
ldquoThe main challenge that globalization puts forward
is that of finding alternative methods that can evaluate
its impact on the international economy
an analysis based on the idea that business cycles
synchronization represents a direct effect of
globalization offers the possibility to better grasp the
nature and dynamics of these vast processesrdquo
State very clearly the purpose
bull The present study seeks to
address the following questions
Are there pieces of evidence
regarding the synchronization
of business cycles between
the G7 countries and if this
is proved to be true
Can these seven countries be
considered the promoters of
economic globalization
This paper aims to estimate the synchronization of business cycles
perceived as an effect of globalization on the basis of the relationship
that exists between the growth rate of the GDP and inflows and
outflows of foreign direct investments (FDI) considered as percentage
of the GDP
Tips for writing the
Conclusions
bull Conclusions = the summing-up of an
argument or text
bull From the verb to conclude = to bring or
come to an end to sum up
Suggested structure
I
bull General assessment of the topic
bull Link to the purpose of the paper
II
bull Short and concise remarks regarding the findings
III
bull Contributions of the study
IV
bull Limitations of the research
bull Future research directions
GENERAL ASSESSMENT OF THE TOPIC amp
LINK TO THE PURPOSE OF THE PAPER
ldquoBoth globalization and business cycles are elusive economical
phenomena hence they represents a continuous research puzzle
for the academic community and an inexhaustible source of
possible inquiriesrdquo
ldquoThe main purpose of the research was to assess the business
cycle synchronization patterns inside the G7 in order to better
grasp the transformations that hellipldquo
SHORT AND CONCISE REMARKS
REGARDING THE FINDINGS
ldquoThe study has showed that in general hellip One of the
more important findings that emerge from the research
is fact that hellipThe second major finding is that hellip thus it
highlights the cases of hellip previously discussed It can
also be said that helliprdquo
CONTRIBUTIONS OF THE STUDY
ldquoThe contribution of the research founded on the
existence of resides in the explanation of and
also the Another implication of the present paper is
that it highlights the importance rdquo
ldquoThe novelty of the study is the use the ltlt X gtgt method
in order to study the helliprdquo
LIMITATIONS amp FUTURE RESEARCH
DIRECTIONS
ldquoThe future directions of study
will aim to enlarge the sample
and employ if possible
additional variables and
quarterly datardquo
ldquoThe limitations of the research
derive from therdquo
bull sample size
bull variables employed
bull types of data (annual
quarterly etc)
bull methods
bull time span
Connection with the future study
direction
Abstract
bull Summarizes the research and the conclusions
bull Is your advertisment = rdquoSellsrdquo your work
bull 50-300 words (200 typical length) (Refer to
author guidelines)
bull Stand-alone (NO references)
bull Indicates usefulness
bull Targets the audience
Writing the abstract-Long version
Originalityvalue
Research limitationsimplications
Findings
Designmethodologyapproach
Purpose
bullBased on the Emerald Structured Abstract
Writing the abstract-Short version
The Findings
The Arguments
The Purpose
Fancy title
bull Academic Titles Have Three Parts
bull (A) A catchy hook that introduces the
paper in a creative way
bull (B) Specific keywords that identify the
concepts the scholar will be exploring
bull (C) The location where those keywords
will be explored
bull 8-15 words
bull Main themeresearch topic research
design + population + geographical area
Fancy title- Examples
bull Globalization versus Segregation-Business Cycles
Synchronization in Europe
bull Is trade a vector of business cycles synchronization A
Fuzzy Cluster Approach of Globalization
bull Leaders and Followers in the Business Cycle Game A
Case Study of the G7
bull Hard or fuzzy clusters in assessing business cycle
transmission
bull The reverse alchemy of the business cycle
References section
In-text citations
All the cited
works compose
the Reference
List
Types of in-text citation
bull Varies from
Journal to Journal
bull Always check the
Authorrsquos
Guidelines
bull MS Office offers
APA
Harvard
Chicago
IEEE (reference order)
ISO 690 (Numerical
reference)
Includes only the
works cited in the
paper
Contains papers
read not
necessary cited
What makes good writing
Having something
to say
Logical thinking
A few simple
learnable rules of
style
Writing- Tips and tricks
Read pay attention and imitate
Talk about your research before trying to write about it
Stop waiting for ldquoinspirationrdquo
Revise Nobody gets it perfect on the first try
Learn how to cut ruthlessly Never become too attached to your words
Drop the balast
bull 1 Cut unnecessary words and phrases
bull 2 Write with verbs use strong verbs
avoid turning verbs into nouns and donrsquot
bury the main verb
The BAD Writing Contest
bull The move from a structuralist account in which capital is
understood to structure social relations in relatively homologous
ways to a view of hegemony in which power relations are subject to
repetition convergence and rearticulation brought the question of
temporality into the thinking of structure and marked a shift from a
form of Althusserian theory that takes structural totalities as
theoretical objects to one in which the insights into the contingent
possibility of structure inaugurate a renewed conception of
hegemony as bound up with the contingent sites and strategies of
the rearticulation of power
bull Butlerrsquos Diacritics (1997)
Balast to drop-Examples
1 Dead weight words and
phrases
bull As it is well known
bull As it has been shown
bull It can be regarded that
bull It should be emphasized
that
2 Empty words and
phrases
bull methodologic
bull important
3 Long words or phrases
that could be short
4 Unnecessary jargon
and acronyms
5 Repetitive words or
phrases
6 Adverbs
bull very really quite
basically generally etc
Substitute damn every time
youre inclined to write very
your editor will delete it and the
writing will be just as it should
be(Mark Twain)
Active vs Passive voice
Passive voice (Was done)
bull For previous studies
bull Literature reviewActive voice (I We did)
bull For new exciting own results
bull Original research
Verbs make the World go round
Donrsquot turn verbs into
nouns
Donrsquot bury the
main verb
Writing Environment
bull MS Word
bull Developed for average
users
bull WYSIWYG
bull Auto references
bull Thesaurus
bull LaTeX
bull Developed for
profesionals
bull Requires learning the
syntax
bull Latex makes difficult
things easy and easy
things very difficult
bull Prefered by publishers
LaTeX
Tables and figures
Tables
bull Most journals use three
horizontal lines one
above the column
headings one below the
column headings and
one below the data
bull Follow journal guidelines
bull DO NOT copy-paste
result tables directly from
software
Figures
bull Visual impact
bull Show trends and patterns
bull Tell a quick story
bull Tell the whole story
bull Highlight a particular
result
bull Always provide caption
bull Use high resolution (1000
dpi BampW 300 dpi color)
Tables-Examples
Figures- Examples
Final draft check-list
bull Check for consistency
bull Check for numerical consistencybull Do the numbers in your abstract match the numbers in your
tablesfigurestext
bull Do the numbers in the text match those in the tablesfigures
bull Do the numbers in each tablefigure match those in other tablesfigures
bull Check your references style
bull Check your overall style
Submission information
bull Authorship
This can be a point of contention when
writing in groups so establish
expectations for roles and responsibilities
early in the writing process
bull Permissions and Approvals
bull permissions for reprinting copyrighted
material
bull Ethical Considerations
Plagiarism amp Self- plagiarism
bull Passing off other
peoplersquos writing (or
tables and figures) as
your own
bull cutting and pasting
sentences or even
phrases from another
source
bull slightly rewriting or re-
arranging othersrsquo
words
Recycling your own
writing or data
bull Copying or only
slightly rewriting text
from your own
published papers
bull Adding new data to
already published
data and presenting it
as new results
Submitting identical or overlapping data to multiple journals
Submission checklist
bull Keywords
bull JEL Codes
bull All figure captions
bull All tables (including title description)
bull Manuscript has been spell-checked and grammar-
checked
bull References are in the correct format for this journal
bull All references mentioned in the Reference list are cited
in the text and vice versa
bull Permission has been obtained for use of copyrighted
material from other sources (including the Web)
Cover letter
Put the puzzle together
LOGO
Thank You
Bibliography
bull Jaba E (2002) Statistica Editura Economică București
bull Day A amp Peters A D (1996) How to get research published in journals Aldershot
Gower
bull Academic Writing and Research Skills Workshop Mancester University
bull APA Research Style Crib Sheet by Professor Russ Dewey amp Dr Abel Scribe PhD -
Fall 2007
bull Writing Articles for Peer-Review Publications A Quick Reference Guide
bull Chin B (2004) How to write a great research paper John Wiley amp Sons
bull Pieter M Kroonenberg (2007)How to write an article Leiden University
bull Daniel P J Soule Lucy Whiteley and Shona McIntosh Writing for Scholarly
Journals eSharp
bull Stephen E Dew (2013)The 5 Step Essay Writing Process
bull Kristin Sainani Writing in the Sciences Stanford University
bull httpwebupaczasitefilesfile40753writing_an_academic_journal_articlepdf
bull Sebastian-Florian Enea Silvia Palașcă Claudiu Țigănaș (2013) G7 COUNTRIES ndash
ADVOCATES OF THE GLOBAL BUSINESS CYCLE GEBA 2013 Iași
bull Enea Sebastian (2013) EVALUATING GLOBALIZATION BY MEANS OF FUZZY
CLUSTER ANALYSIS IE Bucharest
bull Oxford Dictionary httpwwwoxforddictionariescom
Reporting statistics
bull Correlations are
reported with their
degrees of freedom
(N-2) in parentheses
together with the
significance level in
this way
bull ldquoThe two variables were strongly
correlated r(55) =49 p lt01rdquo
bull ƒ t Tests are reported
with the degrees of
freedom in
parentheses followed
by the t statistic
(rounded to two
decimal places) and
the significance level
bull ldquoThere was a significant effect for
gender t(54) = 543 p lt001 with
men receiving higher scores than
womenrdquo
Reporting statistics
bull Regression results are often best
presented in a table
bull Include the standardized slope (beta)
along with the t-test and the corresponding
significance level
bull ldquoSocial support significantly predicted depression scores beta= -34 t(225)
= 653 p lt01 Social support also explained a significant proportion of
variance in depression scores R2 =12 F(1 225) = 4264 p lt01 rdquo
Tables and figures
Tables
bull Remove grid lines
bull Make sure everything
lines up
bull Keep a reasonable
number of significant
figures
bull Leave out
unnecessary info
Figures
bull Line Graphs-Used to
show trends over
time age
bull Bar Graphs- Used to
compare groups at
one time point
bull Scatter Plots- Used to
show relationships
between two
variables
Tables and figures- Example
Tables and figures
Do-s
bull Labeling
bull Numbering
bull Positioning
bull In-text referencing
bull Larger tables and
figuresmdashplace large
tables or figures in the
appendices
Donrsquot-s
bull Dont restructure data
from an information
source into another
format
bull Dont give extensive
descriptions in your
writing of the contents
of a table or diagram
The information in a
table or diagram tells
its own story
Insights regarding the
Introduction
Comunicates thereseach area
The authorrsquos position
Create the RESEARCH
SPACE
Short structure
bull Establish a territory ndash identify the research topic1
bull Identify a niche ndash issues gaps dilemmas that demand attention
2
bull State what your paper is going to address3
Suggested structure
Ibull Generalization about the topic
II
bull Short insights regarding the topic and or concepts (definitions debates academic conflicts)
IIIbull Find the research issue or gap
IV bull State very clearly the purpose
Vbull Structure of the article
GENERALIZATION ABOUT THE
TOPIC
ldquoConsidered to be one of the most important
contemporary phenomena by the national and
international literature globalization represents
a key research issue within in the academic
fieldrdquo
SHORT INSIGHTS REGARDING THE
TOPIC AND OR CONCEPTS
ldquoUsed as a term for the first time in 1983 in order to
(citation) globalization can be perceived as rdquo
The literature on business cycles acknowledges two
types of cycles the ldquoclassicalrdquo cycle as defined by hellip
(citation) and the one based on deviations or growths
where the underlying idea is that hellip (citation) ldquo
FIND THE RESEARCH ISSUE OR
GAP
ldquoThe main challenge that globalization puts forward
is that of finding alternative methods that can evaluate
its impact on the international economy
an analysis based on the idea that business cycles
synchronization represents a direct effect of
globalization offers the possibility to better grasp the
nature and dynamics of these vast processesrdquo
State very clearly the purpose
bull The present study seeks to
address the following questions
Are there pieces of evidence
regarding the synchronization
of business cycles between
the G7 countries and if this
is proved to be true
Can these seven countries be
considered the promoters of
economic globalization
This paper aims to estimate the synchronization of business cycles
perceived as an effect of globalization on the basis of the relationship
that exists between the growth rate of the GDP and inflows and
outflows of foreign direct investments (FDI) considered as percentage
of the GDP
Tips for writing the
Conclusions
bull Conclusions = the summing-up of an
argument or text
bull From the verb to conclude = to bring or
come to an end to sum up
Suggested structure
I
bull General assessment of the topic
bull Link to the purpose of the paper
II
bull Short and concise remarks regarding the findings
III
bull Contributions of the study
IV
bull Limitations of the research
bull Future research directions
GENERAL ASSESSMENT OF THE TOPIC amp
LINK TO THE PURPOSE OF THE PAPER
ldquoBoth globalization and business cycles are elusive economical
phenomena hence they represents a continuous research puzzle
for the academic community and an inexhaustible source of
possible inquiriesrdquo
ldquoThe main purpose of the research was to assess the business
cycle synchronization patterns inside the G7 in order to better
grasp the transformations that hellipldquo
SHORT AND CONCISE REMARKS
REGARDING THE FINDINGS
ldquoThe study has showed that in general hellip One of the
more important findings that emerge from the research
is fact that hellipThe second major finding is that hellip thus it
highlights the cases of hellip previously discussed It can
also be said that helliprdquo
CONTRIBUTIONS OF THE STUDY
ldquoThe contribution of the research founded on the
existence of resides in the explanation of and
also the Another implication of the present paper is
that it highlights the importance rdquo
ldquoThe novelty of the study is the use the ltlt X gtgt method
in order to study the helliprdquo
LIMITATIONS amp FUTURE RESEARCH
DIRECTIONS
ldquoThe future directions of study
will aim to enlarge the sample
and employ if possible
additional variables and
quarterly datardquo
ldquoThe limitations of the research
derive from therdquo
bull sample size
bull variables employed
bull types of data (annual
quarterly etc)
bull methods
bull time span
Connection with the future study
direction
Abstract
bull Summarizes the research and the conclusions
bull Is your advertisment = rdquoSellsrdquo your work
bull 50-300 words (200 typical length) (Refer to
author guidelines)
bull Stand-alone (NO references)
bull Indicates usefulness
bull Targets the audience
Writing the abstract-Long version
Originalityvalue
Research limitationsimplications
Findings
Designmethodologyapproach
Purpose
bullBased on the Emerald Structured Abstract
Writing the abstract-Short version
The Findings
The Arguments
The Purpose
Fancy title
bull Academic Titles Have Three Parts
bull (A) A catchy hook that introduces the
paper in a creative way
bull (B) Specific keywords that identify the
concepts the scholar will be exploring
bull (C) The location where those keywords
will be explored
bull 8-15 words
bull Main themeresearch topic research
design + population + geographical area
Fancy title- Examples
bull Globalization versus Segregation-Business Cycles
Synchronization in Europe
bull Is trade a vector of business cycles synchronization A
Fuzzy Cluster Approach of Globalization
bull Leaders and Followers in the Business Cycle Game A
Case Study of the G7
bull Hard or fuzzy clusters in assessing business cycle
transmission
bull The reverse alchemy of the business cycle
References section
In-text citations
All the cited
works compose
the Reference
List
Types of in-text citation
bull Varies from
Journal to Journal
bull Always check the
Authorrsquos
Guidelines
bull MS Office offers
APA
Harvard
Chicago
IEEE (reference order)
ISO 690 (Numerical
reference)
Includes only the
works cited in the
paper
Contains papers
read not
necessary cited
What makes good writing
Having something
to say
Logical thinking
A few simple
learnable rules of
style
Writing- Tips and tricks
Read pay attention and imitate
Talk about your research before trying to write about it
Stop waiting for ldquoinspirationrdquo
Revise Nobody gets it perfect on the first try
Learn how to cut ruthlessly Never become too attached to your words
Drop the balast
bull 1 Cut unnecessary words and phrases
bull 2 Write with verbs use strong verbs
avoid turning verbs into nouns and donrsquot
bury the main verb
The BAD Writing Contest
bull The move from a structuralist account in which capital is
understood to structure social relations in relatively homologous
ways to a view of hegemony in which power relations are subject to
repetition convergence and rearticulation brought the question of
temporality into the thinking of structure and marked a shift from a
form of Althusserian theory that takes structural totalities as
theoretical objects to one in which the insights into the contingent
possibility of structure inaugurate a renewed conception of
hegemony as bound up with the contingent sites and strategies of
the rearticulation of power
bull Butlerrsquos Diacritics (1997)
Balast to drop-Examples
1 Dead weight words and
phrases
bull As it is well known
bull As it has been shown
bull It can be regarded that
bull It should be emphasized
that
2 Empty words and
phrases
bull methodologic
bull important
3 Long words or phrases
that could be short
4 Unnecessary jargon
and acronyms
5 Repetitive words or
phrases
6 Adverbs
bull very really quite
basically generally etc
Substitute damn every time
youre inclined to write very
your editor will delete it and the
writing will be just as it should
be(Mark Twain)
Active vs Passive voice
Passive voice (Was done)
bull For previous studies
bull Literature reviewActive voice (I We did)
bull For new exciting own results
bull Original research
Verbs make the World go round
Donrsquot turn verbs into
nouns
Donrsquot bury the
main verb
Writing Environment
bull MS Word
bull Developed for average
users
bull WYSIWYG
bull Auto references
bull Thesaurus
bull LaTeX
bull Developed for
profesionals
bull Requires learning the
syntax
bull Latex makes difficult
things easy and easy
things very difficult
bull Prefered by publishers
LaTeX
Tables and figures
Tables
bull Most journals use three
horizontal lines one
above the column
headings one below the
column headings and
one below the data
bull Follow journal guidelines
bull DO NOT copy-paste
result tables directly from
software
Figures
bull Visual impact
bull Show trends and patterns
bull Tell a quick story
bull Tell the whole story
bull Highlight a particular
result
bull Always provide caption
bull Use high resolution (1000
dpi BampW 300 dpi color)
Tables-Examples
Figures- Examples
Final draft check-list
bull Check for consistency
bull Check for numerical consistencybull Do the numbers in your abstract match the numbers in your
tablesfigurestext
bull Do the numbers in the text match those in the tablesfigures
bull Do the numbers in each tablefigure match those in other tablesfigures
bull Check your references style
bull Check your overall style
Submission information
bull Authorship
This can be a point of contention when
writing in groups so establish
expectations for roles and responsibilities
early in the writing process
bull Permissions and Approvals
bull permissions for reprinting copyrighted
material
bull Ethical Considerations
Plagiarism amp Self- plagiarism
bull Passing off other
peoplersquos writing (or
tables and figures) as
your own
bull cutting and pasting
sentences or even
phrases from another
source
bull slightly rewriting or re-
arranging othersrsquo
words
Recycling your own
writing or data
bull Copying or only
slightly rewriting text
from your own
published papers
bull Adding new data to
already published
data and presenting it
as new results
Submitting identical or overlapping data to multiple journals
Submission checklist
bull Keywords
bull JEL Codes
bull All figure captions
bull All tables (including title description)
bull Manuscript has been spell-checked and grammar-
checked
bull References are in the correct format for this journal
bull All references mentioned in the Reference list are cited
in the text and vice versa
bull Permission has been obtained for use of copyrighted
material from other sources (including the Web)
Cover letter
Put the puzzle together
LOGO
Thank You
Bibliography
bull Jaba E (2002) Statistica Editura Economică București
bull Day A amp Peters A D (1996) How to get research published in journals Aldershot
Gower
bull Academic Writing and Research Skills Workshop Mancester University
bull APA Research Style Crib Sheet by Professor Russ Dewey amp Dr Abel Scribe PhD -
Fall 2007
bull Writing Articles for Peer-Review Publications A Quick Reference Guide
bull Chin B (2004) How to write a great research paper John Wiley amp Sons
bull Pieter M Kroonenberg (2007)How to write an article Leiden University
bull Daniel P J Soule Lucy Whiteley and Shona McIntosh Writing for Scholarly
Journals eSharp
bull Stephen E Dew (2013)The 5 Step Essay Writing Process
bull Kristin Sainani Writing in the Sciences Stanford University
bull httpwebupaczasitefilesfile40753writing_an_academic_journal_articlepdf
bull Sebastian-Florian Enea Silvia Palașcă Claudiu Țigănaș (2013) G7 COUNTRIES ndash
ADVOCATES OF THE GLOBAL BUSINESS CYCLE GEBA 2013 Iași
bull Enea Sebastian (2013) EVALUATING GLOBALIZATION BY MEANS OF FUZZY
CLUSTER ANALYSIS IE Bucharest
bull Oxford Dictionary httpwwwoxforddictionariescom
Reporting statistics
bull Regression results are often best
presented in a table
bull Include the standardized slope (beta)
along with the t-test and the corresponding
significance level
bull ldquoSocial support significantly predicted depression scores beta= -34 t(225)
= 653 p lt01 Social support also explained a significant proportion of
variance in depression scores R2 =12 F(1 225) = 4264 p lt01 rdquo
Tables and figures
Tables
bull Remove grid lines
bull Make sure everything
lines up
bull Keep a reasonable
number of significant
figures
bull Leave out
unnecessary info
Figures
bull Line Graphs-Used to
show trends over
time age
bull Bar Graphs- Used to
compare groups at
one time point
bull Scatter Plots- Used to
show relationships
between two
variables
Tables and figures- Example
Tables and figures
Do-s
bull Labeling
bull Numbering
bull Positioning
bull In-text referencing
bull Larger tables and
figuresmdashplace large
tables or figures in the
appendices
Donrsquot-s
bull Dont restructure data
from an information
source into another
format
bull Dont give extensive
descriptions in your
writing of the contents
of a table or diagram
The information in a
table or diagram tells
its own story
Insights regarding the
Introduction
Comunicates thereseach area
The authorrsquos position
Create the RESEARCH
SPACE
Short structure
bull Establish a territory ndash identify the research topic1
bull Identify a niche ndash issues gaps dilemmas that demand attention
2
bull State what your paper is going to address3
Suggested structure
Ibull Generalization about the topic
II
bull Short insights regarding the topic and or concepts (definitions debates academic conflicts)
IIIbull Find the research issue or gap
IV bull State very clearly the purpose
Vbull Structure of the article
GENERALIZATION ABOUT THE
TOPIC
ldquoConsidered to be one of the most important
contemporary phenomena by the national and
international literature globalization represents
a key research issue within in the academic
fieldrdquo
SHORT INSIGHTS REGARDING THE
TOPIC AND OR CONCEPTS
ldquoUsed as a term for the first time in 1983 in order to
(citation) globalization can be perceived as rdquo
The literature on business cycles acknowledges two
types of cycles the ldquoclassicalrdquo cycle as defined by hellip
(citation) and the one based on deviations or growths
where the underlying idea is that hellip (citation) ldquo
FIND THE RESEARCH ISSUE OR
GAP
ldquoThe main challenge that globalization puts forward
is that of finding alternative methods that can evaluate
its impact on the international economy
an analysis based on the idea that business cycles
synchronization represents a direct effect of
globalization offers the possibility to better grasp the
nature and dynamics of these vast processesrdquo
State very clearly the purpose
bull The present study seeks to
address the following questions
Are there pieces of evidence
regarding the synchronization
of business cycles between
the G7 countries and if this
is proved to be true
Can these seven countries be
considered the promoters of
economic globalization
This paper aims to estimate the synchronization of business cycles
perceived as an effect of globalization on the basis of the relationship
that exists between the growth rate of the GDP and inflows and
outflows of foreign direct investments (FDI) considered as percentage
of the GDP
Tips for writing the
Conclusions
bull Conclusions = the summing-up of an
argument or text
bull From the verb to conclude = to bring or
come to an end to sum up
Suggested structure
I
bull General assessment of the topic
bull Link to the purpose of the paper
II
bull Short and concise remarks regarding the findings
III
bull Contributions of the study
IV
bull Limitations of the research
bull Future research directions
GENERAL ASSESSMENT OF THE TOPIC amp
LINK TO THE PURPOSE OF THE PAPER
ldquoBoth globalization and business cycles are elusive economical
phenomena hence they represents a continuous research puzzle
for the academic community and an inexhaustible source of
possible inquiriesrdquo
ldquoThe main purpose of the research was to assess the business
cycle synchronization patterns inside the G7 in order to better
grasp the transformations that hellipldquo
SHORT AND CONCISE REMARKS
REGARDING THE FINDINGS
ldquoThe study has showed that in general hellip One of the
more important findings that emerge from the research
is fact that hellipThe second major finding is that hellip thus it
highlights the cases of hellip previously discussed It can
also be said that helliprdquo
CONTRIBUTIONS OF THE STUDY
ldquoThe contribution of the research founded on the
existence of resides in the explanation of and
also the Another implication of the present paper is
that it highlights the importance rdquo
ldquoThe novelty of the study is the use the ltlt X gtgt method
in order to study the helliprdquo
LIMITATIONS amp FUTURE RESEARCH
DIRECTIONS
ldquoThe future directions of study
will aim to enlarge the sample
and employ if possible
additional variables and
quarterly datardquo
ldquoThe limitations of the research
derive from therdquo
bull sample size
bull variables employed
bull types of data (annual
quarterly etc)
bull methods
bull time span
Connection with the future study
direction
Abstract
bull Summarizes the research and the conclusions
bull Is your advertisment = rdquoSellsrdquo your work
bull 50-300 words (200 typical length) (Refer to
author guidelines)
bull Stand-alone (NO references)
bull Indicates usefulness
bull Targets the audience
Writing the abstract-Long version
Originalityvalue
Research limitationsimplications
Findings
Designmethodologyapproach
Purpose
bullBased on the Emerald Structured Abstract
Writing the abstract-Short version
The Findings
The Arguments
The Purpose
Fancy title
bull Academic Titles Have Three Parts
bull (A) A catchy hook that introduces the
paper in a creative way
bull (B) Specific keywords that identify the
concepts the scholar will be exploring
bull (C) The location where those keywords
will be explored
bull 8-15 words
bull Main themeresearch topic research
design + population + geographical area
Fancy title- Examples
bull Globalization versus Segregation-Business Cycles
Synchronization in Europe
bull Is trade a vector of business cycles synchronization A
Fuzzy Cluster Approach of Globalization
bull Leaders and Followers in the Business Cycle Game A
Case Study of the G7
bull Hard or fuzzy clusters in assessing business cycle
transmission
bull The reverse alchemy of the business cycle
References section
In-text citations
All the cited
works compose
the Reference
List
Types of in-text citation
bull Varies from
Journal to Journal
bull Always check the
Authorrsquos
Guidelines
bull MS Office offers
APA
Harvard
Chicago
IEEE (reference order)
ISO 690 (Numerical
reference)
Includes only the
works cited in the
paper
Contains papers
read not
necessary cited
What makes good writing
Having something
to say
Logical thinking
A few simple
learnable rules of
style
Writing- Tips and tricks
Read pay attention and imitate
Talk about your research before trying to write about it
Stop waiting for ldquoinspirationrdquo
Revise Nobody gets it perfect on the first try
Learn how to cut ruthlessly Never become too attached to your words
Drop the balast
bull 1 Cut unnecessary words and phrases
bull 2 Write with verbs use strong verbs
avoid turning verbs into nouns and donrsquot
bury the main verb
The BAD Writing Contest
bull The move from a structuralist account in which capital is
understood to structure social relations in relatively homologous
ways to a view of hegemony in which power relations are subject to
repetition convergence and rearticulation brought the question of
temporality into the thinking of structure and marked a shift from a
form of Althusserian theory that takes structural totalities as
theoretical objects to one in which the insights into the contingent
possibility of structure inaugurate a renewed conception of
hegemony as bound up with the contingent sites and strategies of
the rearticulation of power
bull Butlerrsquos Diacritics (1997)
Balast to drop-Examples
1 Dead weight words and
phrases
bull As it is well known
bull As it has been shown
bull It can be regarded that
bull It should be emphasized
that
2 Empty words and
phrases
bull methodologic
bull important
3 Long words or phrases
that could be short
4 Unnecessary jargon
and acronyms
5 Repetitive words or
phrases
6 Adverbs
bull very really quite
basically generally etc
Substitute damn every time
youre inclined to write very
your editor will delete it and the
writing will be just as it should
be(Mark Twain)
Active vs Passive voice
Passive voice (Was done)
bull For previous studies
bull Literature reviewActive voice (I We did)
bull For new exciting own results
bull Original research
Verbs make the World go round
Donrsquot turn verbs into
nouns
Donrsquot bury the
main verb
Writing Environment
bull MS Word
bull Developed for average
users
bull WYSIWYG
bull Auto references
bull Thesaurus
bull LaTeX
bull Developed for
profesionals
bull Requires learning the
syntax
bull Latex makes difficult
things easy and easy
things very difficult
bull Prefered by publishers
LaTeX
Tables and figures
Tables
bull Most journals use three
horizontal lines one
above the column
headings one below the
column headings and
one below the data
bull Follow journal guidelines
bull DO NOT copy-paste
result tables directly from
software
Figures
bull Visual impact
bull Show trends and patterns
bull Tell a quick story
bull Tell the whole story
bull Highlight a particular
result
bull Always provide caption
bull Use high resolution (1000
dpi BampW 300 dpi color)
Tables-Examples
Figures- Examples
Final draft check-list
bull Check for consistency
bull Check for numerical consistencybull Do the numbers in your abstract match the numbers in your
tablesfigurestext
bull Do the numbers in the text match those in the tablesfigures
bull Do the numbers in each tablefigure match those in other tablesfigures
bull Check your references style
bull Check your overall style
Submission information
bull Authorship
This can be a point of contention when
writing in groups so establish
expectations for roles and responsibilities
early in the writing process
bull Permissions and Approvals
bull permissions for reprinting copyrighted
material
bull Ethical Considerations
Plagiarism amp Self- plagiarism
bull Passing off other
peoplersquos writing (or
tables and figures) as
your own
bull cutting and pasting
sentences or even
phrases from another
source
bull slightly rewriting or re-
arranging othersrsquo
words
Recycling your own
writing or data
bull Copying or only
slightly rewriting text
from your own
published papers
bull Adding new data to
already published
data and presenting it
as new results
Submitting identical or overlapping data to multiple journals
Submission checklist
bull Keywords
bull JEL Codes
bull All figure captions
bull All tables (including title description)
bull Manuscript has been spell-checked and grammar-
checked
bull References are in the correct format for this journal
bull All references mentioned in the Reference list are cited
in the text and vice versa
bull Permission has been obtained for use of copyrighted
material from other sources (including the Web)
Cover letter
Put the puzzle together
LOGO
Thank You
Bibliography
bull Jaba E (2002) Statistica Editura Economică București
bull Day A amp Peters A D (1996) How to get research published in journals Aldershot
Gower
bull Academic Writing and Research Skills Workshop Mancester University
bull APA Research Style Crib Sheet by Professor Russ Dewey amp Dr Abel Scribe PhD -
Fall 2007
bull Writing Articles for Peer-Review Publications A Quick Reference Guide
bull Chin B (2004) How to write a great research paper John Wiley amp Sons
bull Pieter M Kroonenberg (2007)How to write an article Leiden University
bull Daniel P J Soule Lucy Whiteley and Shona McIntosh Writing for Scholarly
Journals eSharp
bull Stephen E Dew (2013)The 5 Step Essay Writing Process
bull Kristin Sainani Writing in the Sciences Stanford University
bull httpwebupaczasitefilesfile40753writing_an_academic_journal_articlepdf
bull Sebastian-Florian Enea Silvia Palașcă Claudiu Țigănaș (2013) G7 COUNTRIES ndash
ADVOCATES OF THE GLOBAL BUSINESS CYCLE GEBA 2013 Iași
bull Enea Sebastian (2013) EVALUATING GLOBALIZATION BY MEANS OF FUZZY
CLUSTER ANALYSIS IE Bucharest
bull Oxford Dictionary httpwwwoxforddictionariescom
Tables and figures
Tables
bull Remove grid lines
bull Make sure everything
lines up
bull Keep a reasonable
number of significant
figures
bull Leave out
unnecessary info
Figures
bull Line Graphs-Used to
show trends over
time age
bull Bar Graphs- Used to
compare groups at
one time point
bull Scatter Plots- Used to
show relationships
between two
variables
Tables and figures- Example
Tables and figures
Do-s
bull Labeling
bull Numbering
bull Positioning
bull In-text referencing
bull Larger tables and
figuresmdashplace large
tables or figures in the
appendices
Donrsquot-s
bull Dont restructure data
from an information
source into another
format
bull Dont give extensive
descriptions in your
writing of the contents
of a table or diagram
The information in a
table or diagram tells
its own story
Insights regarding the
Introduction
Comunicates thereseach area
The authorrsquos position
Create the RESEARCH
SPACE
Short structure
bull Establish a territory ndash identify the research topic1
bull Identify a niche ndash issues gaps dilemmas that demand attention
2
bull State what your paper is going to address3
Suggested structure
Ibull Generalization about the topic
II
bull Short insights regarding the topic and or concepts (definitions debates academic conflicts)
IIIbull Find the research issue or gap
IV bull State very clearly the purpose
Vbull Structure of the article
GENERALIZATION ABOUT THE
TOPIC
ldquoConsidered to be one of the most important
contemporary phenomena by the national and
international literature globalization represents
a key research issue within in the academic
fieldrdquo
SHORT INSIGHTS REGARDING THE
TOPIC AND OR CONCEPTS
ldquoUsed as a term for the first time in 1983 in order to
(citation) globalization can be perceived as rdquo
The literature on business cycles acknowledges two
types of cycles the ldquoclassicalrdquo cycle as defined by hellip
(citation) and the one based on deviations or growths
where the underlying idea is that hellip (citation) ldquo
FIND THE RESEARCH ISSUE OR
GAP
ldquoThe main challenge that globalization puts forward
is that of finding alternative methods that can evaluate
its impact on the international economy
an analysis based on the idea that business cycles
synchronization represents a direct effect of
globalization offers the possibility to better grasp the
nature and dynamics of these vast processesrdquo
State very clearly the purpose
bull The present study seeks to
address the following questions
Are there pieces of evidence
regarding the synchronization
of business cycles between
the G7 countries and if this
is proved to be true
Can these seven countries be
considered the promoters of
economic globalization
This paper aims to estimate the synchronization of business cycles
perceived as an effect of globalization on the basis of the relationship
that exists between the growth rate of the GDP and inflows and
outflows of foreign direct investments (FDI) considered as percentage
of the GDP
Tips for writing the
Conclusions
bull Conclusions = the summing-up of an
argument or text
bull From the verb to conclude = to bring or
come to an end to sum up
Suggested structure
I
bull General assessment of the topic
bull Link to the purpose of the paper
II
bull Short and concise remarks regarding the findings
III
bull Contributions of the study
IV
bull Limitations of the research
bull Future research directions
GENERAL ASSESSMENT OF THE TOPIC amp
LINK TO THE PURPOSE OF THE PAPER
ldquoBoth globalization and business cycles are elusive economical
phenomena hence they represents a continuous research puzzle
for the academic community and an inexhaustible source of
possible inquiriesrdquo
ldquoThe main purpose of the research was to assess the business
cycle synchronization patterns inside the G7 in order to better
grasp the transformations that hellipldquo
SHORT AND CONCISE REMARKS
REGARDING THE FINDINGS
ldquoThe study has showed that in general hellip One of the
more important findings that emerge from the research
is fact that hellipThe second major finding is that hellip thus it
highlights the cases of hellip previously discussed It can
also be said that helliprdquo
CONTRIBUTIONS OF THE STUDY
ldquoThe contribution of the research founded on the
existence of resides in the explanation of and
also the Another implication of the present paper is
that it highlights the importance rdquo
ldquoThe novelty of the study is the use the ltlt X gtgt method
in order to study the helliprdquo
LIMITATIONS amp FUTURE RESEARCH
DIRECTIONS
ldquoThe future directions of study
will aim to enlarge the sample
and employ if possible
additional variables and
quarterly datardquo
ldquoThe limitations of the research
derive from therdquo
bull sample size
bull variables employed
bull types of data (annual
quarterly etc)
bull methods
bull time span
Connection with the future study
direction
Abstract
bull Summarizes the research and the conclusions
bull Is your advertisment = rdquoSellsrdquo your work
bull 50-300 words (200 typical length) (Refer to
author guidelines)
bull Stand-alone (NO references)
bull Indicates usefulness
bull Targets the audience
Writing the abstract-Long version
Originalityvalue
Research limitationsimplications
Findings
Designmethodologyapproach
Purpose
bullBased on the Emerald Structured Abstract
Writing the abstract-Short version
The Findings
The Arguments
The Purpose
Fancy title
bull Academic Titles Have Three Parts
bull (A) A catchy hook that introduces the
paper in a creative way
bull (B) Specific keywords that identify the
concepts the scholar will be exploring
bull (C) The location where those keywords
will be explored
bull 8-15 words
bull Main themeresearch topic research
design + population + geographical area
Fancy title- Examples
bull Globalization versus Segregation-Business Cycles
Synchronization in Europe
bull Is trade a vector of business cycles synchronization A
Fuzzy Cluster Approach of Globalization
bull Leaders and Followers in the Business Cycle Game A
Case Study of the G7
bull Hard or fuzzy clusters in assessing business cycle
transmission
bull The reverse alchemy of the business cycle
References section
In-text citations
All the cited
works compose
the Reference
List
Types of in-text citation
bull Varies from
Journal to Journal
bull Always check the
Authorrsquos
Guidelines
bull MS Office offers
APA
Harvard
Chicago
IEEE (reference order)
ISO 690 (Numerical
reference)
Includes only the
works cited in the
paper
Contains papers
read not
necessary cited
What makes good writing
Having something
to say
Logical thinking
A few simple
learnable rules of
style
Writing- Tips and tricks
Read pay attention and imitate
Talk about your research before trying to write about it
Stop waiting for ldquoinspirationrdquo
Revise Nobody gets it perfect on the first try
Learn how to cut ruthlessly Never become too attached to your words
Drop the balast
bull 1 Cut unnecessary words and phrases
bull 2 Write with verbs use strong verbs
avoid turning verbs into nouns and donrsquot
bury the main verb
The BAD Writing Contest
bull The move from a structuralist account in which capital is
understood to structure social relations in relatively homologous
ways to a view of hegemony in which power relations are subject to
repetition convergence and rearticulation brought the question of
temporality into the thinking of structure and marked a shift from a
form of Althusserian theory that takes structural totalities as
theoretical objects to one in which the insights into the contingent
possibility of structure inaugurate a renewed conception of
hegemony as bound up with the contingent sites and strategies of
the rearticulation of power
bull Butlerrsquos Diacritics (1997)
Balast to drop-Examples
1 Dead weight words and
phrases
bull As it is well known
bull As it has been shown
bull It can be regarded that
bull It should be emphasized
that
2 Empty words and
phrases
bull methodologic
bull important
3 Long words or phrases
that could be short
4 Unnecessary jargon
and acronyms
5 Repetitive words or
phrases
6 Adverbs
bull very really quite
basically generally etc
Substitute damn every time
youre inclined to write very
your editor will delete it and the
writing will be just as it should
be(Mark Twain)
Active vs Passive voice
Passive voice (Was done)
bull For previous studies
bull Literature reviewActive voice (I We did)
bull For new exciting own results
bull Original research
Verbs make the World go round
Donrsquot turn verbs into
nouns
Donrsquot bury the
main verb
Writing Environment
bull MS Word
bull Developed for average
users
bull WYSIWYG
bull Auto references
bull Thesaurus
bull LaTeX
bull Developed for
profesionals
bull Requires learning the
syntax
bull Latex makes difficult
things easy and easy
things very difficult
bull Prefered by publishers
LaTeX
Tables and figures
Tables
bull Most journals use three
horizontal lines one
above the column
headings one below the
column headings and
one below the data
bull Follow journal guidelines
bull DO NOT copy-paste
result tables directly from
software
Figures
bull Visual impact
bull Show trends and patterns
bull Tell a quick story
bull Tell the whole story
bull Highlight a particular
result
bull Always provide caption
bull Use high resolution (1000
dpi BampW 300 dpi color)
Tables-Examples
Figures- Examples
Final draft check-list
bull Check for consistency
bull Check for numerical consistencybull Do the numbers in your abstract match the numbers in your
tablesfigurestext
bull Do the numbers in the text match those in the tablesfigures
bull Do the numbers in each tablefigure match those in other tablesfigures
bull Check your references style
bull Check your overall style
Submission information
bull Authorship
This can be a point of contention when
writing in groups so establish
expectations for roles and responsibilities
early in the writing process
bull Permissions and Approvals
bull permissions for reprinting copyrighted
material
bull Ethical Considerations
Plagiarism amp Self- plagiarism
bull Passing off other
peoplersquos writing (or
tables and figures) as
your own
bull cutting and pasting
sentences or even
phrases from another
source
bull slightly rewriting or re-
arranging othersrsquo
words
Recycling your own
writing or data
bull Copying or only
slightly rewriting text
from your own
published papers
bull Adding new data to
already published
data and presenting it
as new results
Submitting identical or overlapping data to multiple journals
Submission checklist
bull Keywords
bull JEL Codes
bull All figure captions
bull All tables (including title description)
bull Manuscript has been spell-checked and grammar-
checked
bull References are in the correct format for this journal
bull All references mentioned in the Reference list are cited
in the text and vice versa
bull Permission has been obtained for use of copyrighted
material from other sources (including the Web)
Cover letter
Put the puzzle together
LOGO
Thank You
Bibliography
bull Jaba E (2002) Statistica Editura Economică București
bull Day A amp Peters A D (1996) How to get research published in journals Aldershot
Gower
bull Academic Writing and Research Skills Workshop Mancester University
bull APA Research Style Crib Sheet by Professor Russ Dewey amp Dr Abel Scribe PhD -
Fall 2007
bull Writing Articles for Peer-Review Publications A Quick Reference Guide
bull Chin B (2004) How to write a great research paper John Wiley amp Sons
bull Pieter M Kroonenberg (2007)How to write an article Leiden University
bull Daniel P J Soule Lucy Whiteley and Shona McIntosh Writing for Scholarly
Journals eSharp
bull Stephen E Dew (2013)The 5 Step Essay Writing Process
bull Kristin Sainani Writing in the Sciences Stanford University
bull httpwebupaczasitefilesfile40753writing_an_academic_journal_articlepdf
bull Sebastian-Florian Enea Silvia Palașcă Claudiu Țigănaș (2013) G7 COUNTRIES ndash
ADVOCATES OF THE GLOBAL BUSINESS CYCLE GEBA 2013 Iași
bull Enea Sebastian (2013) EVALUATING GLOBALIZATION BY MEANS OF FUZZY
CLUSTER ANALYSIS IE Bucharest
bull Oxford Dictionary httpwwwoxforddictionariescom
Tables and figures- Example
Tables and figures
Do-s
bull Labeling
bull Numbering
bull Positioning
bull In-text referencing
bull Larger tables and
figuresmdashplace large
tables or figures in the
appendices
Donrsquot-s
bull Dont restructure data
from an information
source into another
format
bull Dont give extensive
descriptions in your
writing of the contents
of a table or diagram
The information in a
table or diagram tells
its own story
Insights regarding the
Introduction
Comunicates thereseach area
The authorrsquos position
Create the RESEARCH
SPACE
Short structure
bull Establish a territory ndash identify the research topic1
bull Identify a niche ndash issues gaps dilemmas that demand attention
2
bull State what your paper is going to address3
Suggested structure
Ibull Generalization about the topic
II
bull Short insights regarding the topic and or concepts (definitions debates academic conflicts)
IIIbull Find the research issue or gap
IV bull State very clearly the purpose
Vbull Structure of the article
GENERALIZATION ABOUT THE
TOPIC
ldquoConsidered to be one of the most important
contemporary phenomena by the national and
international literature globalization represents
a key research issue within in the academic
fieldrdquo
SHORT INSIGHTS REGARDING THE
TOPIC AND OR CONCEPTS
ldquoUsed as a term for the first time in 1983 in order to
(citation) globalization can be perceived as rdquo
The literature on business cycles acknowledges two
types of cycles the ldquoclassicalrdquo cycle as defined by hellip
(citation) and the one based on deviations or growths
where the underlying idea is that hellip (citation) ldquo
FIND THE RESEARCH ISSUE OR
GAP
ldquoThe main challenge that globalization puts forward
is that of finding alternative methods that can evaluate
its impact on the international economy
an analysis based on the idea that business cycles
synchronization represents a direct effect of
globalization offers the possibility to better grasp the
nature and dynamics of these vast processesrdquo
State very clearly the purpose
bull The present study seeks to
address the following questions
Are there pieces of evidence
regarding the synchronization
of business cycles between
the G7 countries and if this
is proved to be true
Can these seven countries be
considered the promoters of
economic globalization
This paper aims to estimate the synchronization of business cycles
perceived as an effect of globalization on the basis of the relationship
that exists between the growth rate of the GDP and inflows and
outflows of foreign direct investments (FDI) considered as percentage
of the GDP
Tips for writing the
Conclusions
bull Conclusions = the summing-up of an
argument or text
bull From the verb to conclude = to bring or
come to an end to sum up
Suggested structure
I
bull General assessment of the topic
bull Link to the purpose of the paper
II
bull Short and concise remarks regarding the findings
III
bull Contributions of the study
IV
bull Limitations of the research
bull Future research directions
GENERAL ASSESSMENT OF THE TOPIC amp
LINK TO THE PURPOSE OF THE PAPER
ldquoBoth globalization and business cycles are elusive economical
phenomena hence they represents a continuous research puzzle
for the academic community and an inexhaustible source of
possible inquiriesrdquo
ldquoThe main purpose of the research was to assess the business
cycle synchronization patterns inside the G7 in order to better
grasp the transformations that hellipldquo
SHORT AND CONCISE REMARKS
REGARDING THE FINDINGS
ldquoThe study has showed that in general hellip One of the
more important findings that emerge from the research
is fact that hellipThe second major finding is that hellip thus it
highlights the cases of hellip previously discussed It can
also be said that helliprdquo
CONTRIBUTIONS OF THE STUDY
ldquoThe contribution of the research founded on the
existence of resides in the explanation of and
also the Another implication of the present paper is
that it highlights the importance rdquo
ldquoThe novelty of the study is the use the ltlt X gtgt method
in order to study the helliprdquo
LIMITATIONS amp FUTURE RESEARCH
DIRECTIONS
ldquoThe future directions of study
will aim to enlarge the sample
and employ if possible
additional variables and
quarterly datardquo
ldquoThe limitations of the research
derive from therdquo
bull sample size
bull variables employed
bull types of data (annual
quarterly etc)
bull methods
bull time span
Connection with the future study
direction
Abstract
bull Summarizes the research and the conclusions
bull Is your advertisment = rdquoSellsrdquo your work
bull 50-300 words (200 typical length) (Refer to
author guidelines)
bull Stand-alone (NO references)
bull Indicates usefulness
bull Targets the audience
Writing the abstract-Long version
Originalityvalue
Research limitationsimplications
Findings
Designmethodologyapproach
Purpose
bullBased on the Emerald Structured Abstract
Writing the abstract-Short version
The Findings
The Arguments
The Purpose
Fancy title
bull Academic Titles Have Three Parts
bull (A) A catchy hook that introduces the
paper in a creative way
bull (B) Specific keywords that identify the
concepts the scholar will be exploring
bull (C) The location where those keywords
will be explored
bull 8-15 words
bull Main themeresearch topic research
design + population + geographical area
Fancy title- Examples
bull Globalization versus Segregation-Business Cycles
Synchronization in Europe
bull Is trade a vector of business cycles synchronization A
Fuzzy Cluster Approach of Globalization
bull Leaders and Followers in the Business Cycle Game A
Case Study of the G7
bull Hard or fuzzy clusters in assessing business cycle
transmission
bull The reverse alchemy of the business cycle
References section
In-text citations
All the cited
works compose
the Reference
List
Types of in-text citation
bull Varies from
Journal to Journal
bull Always check the
Authorrsquos
Guidelines
bull MS Office offers
APA
Harvard
Chicago
IEEE (reference order)
ISO 690 (Numerical
reference)
Includes only the
works cited in the
paper
Contains papers
read not
necessary cited
What makes good writing
Having something
to say
Logical thinking
A few simple
learnable rules of
style
Writing- Tips and tricks
Read pay attention and imitate
Talk about your research before trying to write about it
Stop waiting for ldquoinspirationrdquo
Revise Nobody gets it perfect on the first try
Learn how to cut ruthlessly Never become too attached to your words
Drop the balast
bull 1 Cut unnecessary words and phrases
bull 2 Write with verbs use strong verbs
avoid turning verbs into nouns and donrsquot
bury the main verb
The BAD Writing Contest
bull The move from a structuralist account in which capital is
understood to structure social relations in relatively homologous
ways to a view of hegemony in which power relations are subject to
repetition convergence and rearticulation brought the question of
temporality into the thinking of structure and marked a shift from a
form of Althusserian theory that takes structural totalities as
theoretical objects to one in which the insights into the contingent
possibility of structure inaugurate a renewed conception of
hegemony as bound up with the contingent sites and strategies of
the rearticulation of power
bull Butlerrsquos Diacritics (1997)
Balast to drop-Examples
1 Dead weight words and
phrases
bull As it is well known
bull As it has been shown
bull It can be regarded that
bull It should be emphasized
that
2 Empty words and
phrases
bull methodologic
bull important
3 Long words or phrases
that could be short
4 Unnecessary jargon
and acronyms
5 Repetitive words or
phrases
6 Adverbs
bull very really quite
basically generally etc
Substitute damn every time
youre inclined to write very
your editor will delete it and the
writing will be just as it should
be(Mark Twain)
Active vs Passive voice
Passive voice (Was done)
bull For previous studies
bull Literature reviewActive voice (I We did)
bull For new exciting own results
bull Original research
Verbs make the World go round
Donrsquot turn verbs into
nouns
Donrsquot bury the
main verb
Writing Environment
bull MS Word
bull Developed for average
users
bull WYSIWYG
bull Auto references
bull Thesaurus
bull LaTeX
bull Developed for
profesionals
bull Requires learning the
syntax
bull Latex makes difficult
things easy and easy
things very difficult
bull Prefered by publishers
LaTeX
Tables and figures
Tables
bull Most journals use three
horizontal lines one
above the column
headings one below the
column headings and
one below the data
bull Follow journal guidelines
bull DO NOT copy-paste
result tables directly from
software
Figures
bull Visual impact
bull Show trends and patterns
bull Tell a quick story
bull Tell the whole story
bull Highlight a particular
result
bull Always provide caption
bull Use high resolution (1000
dpi BampW 300 dpi color)
Tables-Examples
Figures- Examples
Final draft check-list
bull Check for consistency
bull Check for numerical consistencybull Do the numbers in your abstract match the numbers in your
tablesfigurestext
bull Do the numbers in the text match those in the tablesfigures
bull Do the numbers in each tablefigure match those in other tablesfigures
bull Check your references style
bull Check your overall style
Submission information
bull Authorship
This can be a point of contention when
writing in groups so establish
expectations for roles and responsibilities
early in the writing process
bull Permissions and Approvals
bull permissions for reprinting copyrighted
material
bull Ethical Considerations
Plagiarism amp Self- plagiarism
bull Passing off other
peoplersquos writing (or
tables and figures) as
your own
bull cutting and pasting
sentences or even
phrases from another
source
bull slightly rewriting or re-
arranging othersrsquo
words
Recycling your own
writing or data
bull Copying or only
slightly rewriting text
from your own
published papers
bull Adding new data to
already published
data and presenting it
as new results
Submitting identical or overlapping data to multiple journals
Submission checklist
bull Keywords
bull JEL Codes
bull All figure captions
bull All tables (including title description)
bull Manuscript has been spell-checked and grammar-
checked
bull References are in the correct format for this journal
bull All references mentioned in the Reference list are cited
in the text and vice versa
bull Permission has been obtained for use of copyrighted
material from other sources (including the Web)
Cover letter
Put the puzzle together
LOGO
Thank You
Bibliography
bull Jaba E (2002) Statistica Editura Economică București
bull Day A amp Peters A D (1996) How to get research published in journals Aldershot
Gower
bull Academic Writing and Research Skills Workshop Mancester University
bull APA Research Style Crib Sheet by Professor Russ Dewey amp Dr Abel Scribe PhD -
Fall 2007
bull Writing Articles for Peer-Review Publications A Quick Reference Guide
bull Chin B (2004) How to write a great research paper John Wiley amp Sons
bull Pieter M Kroonenberg (2007)How to write an article Leiden University
bull Daniel P J Soule Lucy Whiteley and Shona McIntosh Writing for Scholarly
Journals eSharp
bull Stephen E Dew (2013)The 5 Step Essay Writing Process
bull Kristin Sainani Writing in the Sciences Stanford University
bull httpwebupaczasitefilesfile40753writing_an_academic_journal_articlepdf
bull Sebastian-Florian Enea Silvia Palașcă Claudiu Țigănaș (2013) G7 COUNTRIES ndash
ADVOCATES OF THE GLOBAL BUSINESS CYCLE GEBA 2013 Iași
bull Enea Sebastian (2013) EVALUATING GLOBALIZATION BY MEANS OF FUZZY
CLUSTER ANALYSIS IE Bucharest
bull Oxford Dictionary httpwwwoxforddictionariescom
Tables and figures
Do-s
bull Labeling
bull Numbering
bull Positioning
bull In-text referencing
bull Larger tables and
figuresmdashplace large
tables or figures in the
appendices
Donrsquot-s
bull Dont restructure data
from an information
source into another
format
bull Dont give extensive
descriptions in your
writing of the contents
of a table or diagram
The information in a
table or diagram tells
its own story
Insights regarding the
Introduction
Comunicates thereseach area
The authorrsquos position
Create the RESEARCH
SPACE
Short structure
bull Establish a territory ndash identify the research topic1
bull Identify a niche ndash issues gaps dilemmas that demand attention
2
bull State what your paper is going to address3
Suggested structure
Ibull Generalization about the topic
II
bull Short insights regarding the topic and or concepts (definitions debates academic conflicts)
IIIbull Find the research issue or gap
IV bull State very clearly the purpose
Vbull Structure of the article
GENERALIZATION ABOUT THE
TOPIC
ldquoConsidered to be one of the most important
contemporary phenomena by the national and
international literature globalization represents
a key research issue within in the academic
fieldrdquo
SHORT INSIGHTS REGARDING THE
TOPIC AND OR CONCEPTS
ldquoUsed as a term for the first time in 1983 in order to
(citation) globalization can be perceived as rdquo
The literature on business cycles acknowledges two
types of cycles the ldquoclassicalrdquo cycle as defined by hellip
(citation) and the one based on deviations or growths
where the underlying idea is that hellip (citation) ldquo
FIND THE RESEARCH ISSUE OR
GAP
ldquoThe main challenge that globalization puts forward
is that of finding alternative methods that can evaluate
its impact on the international economy
an analysis based on the idea that business cycles
synchronization represents a direct effect of
globalization offers the possibility to better grasp the
nature and dynamics of these vast processesrdquo
State very clearly the purpose
bull The present study seeks to
address the following questions
Are there pieces of evidence
regarding the synchronization
of business cycles between
the G7 countries and if this
is proved to be true
Can these seven countries be
considered the promoters of
economic globalization
This paper aims to estimate the synchronization of business cycles
perceived as an effect of globalization on the basis of the relationship
that exists between the growth rate of the GDP and inflows and
outflows of foreign direct investments (FDI) considered as percentage
of the GDP
Tips for writing the
Conclusions
bull Conclusions = the summing-up of an
argument or text
bull From the verb to conclude = to bring or
come to an end to sum up
Suggested structure
I
bull General assessment of the topic
bull Link to the purpose of the paper
II
bull Short and concise remarks regarding the findings
III
bull Contributions of the study
IV
bull Limitations of the research
bull Future research directions
GENERAL ASSESSMENT OF THE TOPIC amp
LINK TO THE PURPOSE OF THE PAPER
ldquoBoth globalization and business cycles are elusive economical
phenomena hence they represents a continuous research puzzle
for the academic community and an inexhaustible source of
possible inquiriesrdquo
ldquoThe main purpose of the research was to assess the business
cycle synchronization patterns inside the G7 in order to better
grasp the transformations that hellipldquo
SHORT AND CONCISE REMARKS
REGARDING THE FINDINGS
ldquoThe study has showed that in general hellip One of the
more important findings that emerge from the research
is fact that hellipThe second major finding is that hellip thus it
highlights the cases of hellip previously discussed It can
also be said that helliprdquo
CONTRIBUTIONS OF THE STUDY
ldquoThe contribution of the research founded on the
existence of resides in the explanation of and
also the Another implication of the present paper is
that it highlights the importance rdquo
ldquoThe novelty of the study is the use the ltlt X gtgt method
in order to study the helliprdquo
LIMITATIONS amp FUTURE RESEARCH
DIRECTIONS
ldquoThe future directions of study
will aim to enlarge the sample
and employ if possible
additional variables and
quarterly datardquo
ldquoThe limitations of the research
derive from therdquo
bull sample size
bull variables employed
bull types of data (annual
quarterly etc)
bull methods
bull time span
Connection with the future study
direction
Abstract
bull Summarizes the research and the conclusions
bull Is your advertisment = rdquoSellsrdquo your work
bull 50-300 words (200 typical length) (Refer to
author guidelines)
bull Stand-alone (NO references)
bull Indicates usefulness
bull Targets the audience
Writing the abstract-Long version
Originalityvalue
Research limitationsimplications
Findings
Designmethodologyapproach
Purpose
bullBased on the Emerald Structured Abstract
Writing the abstract-Short version
The Findings
The Arguments
The Purpose
Fancy title
bull Academic Titles Have Three Parts
bull (A) A catchy hook that introduces the
paper in a creative way
bull (B) Specific keywords that identify the
concepts the scholar will be exploring
bull (C) The location where those keywords
will be explored
bull 8-15 words
bull Main themeresearch topic research
design + population + geographical area
Fancy title- Examples
bull Globalization versus Segregation-Business Cycles
Synchronization in Europe
bull Is trade a vector of business cycles synchronization A
Fuzzy Cluster Approach of Globalization
bull Leaders and Followers in the Business Cycle Game A
Case Study of the G7
bull Hard or fuzzy clusters in assessing business cycle
transmission
bull The reverse alchemy of the business cycle
References section
In-text citations
All the cited
works compose
the Reference
List
Types of in-text citation
bull Varies from
Journal to Journal
bull Always check the
Authorrsquos
Guidelines
bull MS Office offers
APA
Harvard
Chicago
IEEE (reference order)
ISO 690 (Numerical
reference)
Includes only the
works cited in the
paper
Contains papers
read not
necessary cited
What makes good writing
Having something
to say
Logical thinking
A few simple
learnable rules of
style
Writing- Tips and tricks
Read pay attention and imitate
Talk about your research before trying to write about it
Stop waiting for ldquoinspirationrdquo
Revise Nobody gets it perfect on the first try
Learn how to cut ruthlessly Never become too attached to your words
Drop the balast
bull 1 Cut unnecessary words and phrases
bull 2 Write with verbs use strong verbs
avoid turning verbs into nouns and donrsquot
bury the main verb
The BAD Writing Contest
bull The move from a structuralist account in which capital is
understood to structure social relations in relatively homologous
ways to a view of hegemony in which power relations are subject to
repetition convergence and rearticulation brought the question of
temporality into the thinking of structure and marked a shift from a
form of Althusserian theory that takes structural totalities as
theoretical objects to one in which the insights into the contingent
possibility of structure inaugurate a renewed conception of
hegemony as bound up with the contingent sites and strategies of
the rearticulation of power
bull Butlerrsquos Diacritics (1997)
Balast to drop-Examples
1 Dead weight words and
phrases
bull As it is well known
bull As it has been shown
bull It can be regarded that
bull It should be emphasized
that
2 Empty words and
phrases
bull methodologic
bull important
3 Long words or phrases
that could be short
4 Unnecessary jargon
and acronyms
5 Repetitive words or
phrases
6 Adverbs
bull very really quite
basically generally etc
Substitute damn every time
youre inclined to write very
your editor will delete it and the
writing will be just as it should
be(Mark Twain)
Active vs Passive voice
Passive voice (Was done)
bull For previous studies
bull Literature reviewActive voice (I We did)
bull For new exciting own results
bull Original research
Verbs make the World go round
Donrsquot turn verbs into
nouns
Donrsquot bury the
main verb
Writing Environment
bull MS Word
bull Developed for average
users
bull WYSIWYG
bull Auto references
bull Thesaurus
bull LaTeX
bull Developed for
profesionals
bull Requires learning the
syntax
bull Latex makes difficult
things easy and easy
things very difficult
bull Prefered by publishers
LaTeX
Tables and figures
Tables
bull Most journals use three
horizontal lines one
above the column
headings one below the
column headings and
one below the data
bull Follow journal guidelines
bull DO NOT copy-paste
result tables directly from
software
Figures
bull Visual impact
bull Show trends and patterns
bull Tell a quick story
bull Tell the whole story
bull Highlight a particular
result
bull Always provide caption
bull Use high resolution (1000
dpi BampW 300 dpi color)
Tables-Examples
Figures- Examples
Final draft check-list
bull Check for consistency
bull Check for numerical consistencybull Do the numbers in your abstract match the numbers in your
tablesfigurestext
bull Do the numbers in the text match those in the tablesfigures
bull Do the numbers in each tablefigure match those in other tablesfigures
bull Check your references style
bull Check your overall style
Submission information
bull Authorship
This can be a point of contention when
writing in groups so establish
expectations for roles and responsibilities
early in the writing process
bull Permissions and Approvals
bull permissions for reprinting copyrighted
material
bull Ethical Considerations
Plagiarism amp Self- plagiarism
bull Passing off other
peoplersquos writing (or
tables and figures) as
your own
bull cutting and pasting
sentences or even
phrases from another
source
bull slightly rewriting or re-
arranging othersrsquo
words
Recycling your own
writing or data
bull Copying or only
slightly rewriting text
from your own
published papers
bull Adding new data to
already published
data and presenting it
as new results
Submitting identical or overlapping data to multiple journals
Submission checklist
bull Keywords
bull JEL Codes
bull All figure captions
bull All tables (including title description)
bull Manuscript has been spell-checked and grammar-
checked
bull References are in the correct format for this journal
bull All references mentioned in the Reference list are cited
in the text and vice versa
bull Permission has been obtained for use of copyrighted
material from other sources (including the Web)
Cover letter
Put the puzzle together
LOGO
Thank You
Bibliography
bull Jaba E (2002) Statistica Editura Economică București
bull Day A amp Peters A D (1996) How to get research published in journals Aldershot
Gower
bull Academic Writing and Research Skills Workshop Mancester University
bull APA Research Style Crib Sheet by Professor Russ Dewey amp Dr Abel Scribe PhD -
Fall 2007
bull Writing Articles for Peer-Review Publications A Quick Reference Guide
bull Chin B (2004) How to write a great research paper John Wiley amp Sons
bull Pieter M Kroonenberg (2007)How to write an article Leiden University
bull Daniel P J Soule Lucy Whiteley and Shona McIntosh Writing for Scholarly
Journals eSharp
bull Stephen E Dew (2013)The 5 Step Essay Writing Process
bull Kristin Sainani Writing in the Sciences Stanford University
bull httpwebupaczasitefilesfile40753writing_an_academic_journal_articlepdf
bull Sebastian-Florian Enea Silvia Palașcă Claudiu Țigănaș (2013) G7 COUNTRIES ndash
ADVOCATES OF THE GLOBAL BUSINESS CYCLE GEBA 2013 Iași
bull Enea Sebastian (2013) EVALUATING GLOBALIZATION BY MEANS OF FUZZY
CLUSTER ANALYSIS IE Bucharest
bull Oxford Dictionary httpwwwoxforddictionariescom
Insights regarding the
Introduction
Comunicates thereseach area
The authorrsquos position
Create the RESEARCH
SPACE
Short structure
bull Establish a territory ndash identify the research topic1
bull Identify a niche ndash issues gaps dilemmas that demand attention
2
bull State what your paper is going to address3
Suggested structure
Ibull Generalization about the topic
II
bull Short insights regarding the topic and or concepts (definitions debates academic conflicts)
IIIbull Find the research issue or gap
IV bull State very clearly the purpose
Vbull Structure of the article
GENERALIZATION ABOUT THE
TOPIC
ldquoConsidered to be one of the most important
contemporary phenomena by the national and
international literature globalization represents
a key research issue within in the academic
fieldrdquo
SHORT INSIGHTS REGARDING THE
TOPIC AND OR CONCEPTS
ldquoUsed as a term for the first time in 1983 in order to
(citation) globalization can be perceived as rdquo
The literature on business cycles acknowledges two
types of cycles the ldquoclassicalrdquo cycle as defined by hellip
(citation) and the one based on deviations or growths
where the underlying idea is that hellip (citation) ldquo
FIND THE RESEARCH ISSUE OR
GAP
ldquoThe main challenge that globalization puts forward
is that of finding alternative methods that can evaluate
its impact on the international economy
an analysis based on the idea that business cycles
synchronization represents a direct effect of
globalization offers the possibility to better grasp the
nature and dynamics of these vast processesrdquo
State very clearly the purpose
bull The present study seeks to
address the following questions
Are there pieces of evidence
regarding the synchronization
of business cycles between
the G7 countries and if this
is proved to be true
Can these seven countries be
considered the promoters of
economic globalization
This paper aims to estimate the synchronization of business cycles
perceived as an effect of globalization on the basis of the relationship
that exists between the growth rate of the GDP and inflows and
outflows of foreign direct investments (FDI) considered as percentage
of the GDP
Tips for writing the
Conclusions
bull Conclusions = the summing-up of an
argument or text
bull From the verb to conclude = to bring or
come to an end to sum up
Suggested structure
I
bull General assessment of the topic
bull Link to the purpose of the paper
II
bull Short and concise remarks regarding the findings
III
bull Contributions of the study
IV
bull Limitations of the research
bull Future research directions
GENERAL ASSESSMENT OF THE TOPIC amp
LINK TO THE PURPOSE OF THE PAPER
ldquoBoth globalization and business cycles are elusive economical
phenomena hence they represents a continuous research puzzle
for the academic community and an inexhaustible source of
possible inquiriesrdquo
ldquoThe main purpose of the research was to assess the business
cycle synchronization patterns inside the G7 in order to better
grasp the transformations that hellipldquo
SHORT AND CONCISE REMARKS
REGARDING THE FINDINGS
ldquoThe study has showed that in general hellip One of the
more important findings that emerge from the research
is fact that hellipThe second major finding is that hellip thus it
highlights the cases of hellip previously discussed It can
also be said that helliprdquo
CONTRIBUTIONS OF THE STUDY
ldquoThe contribution of the research founded on the
existence of resides in the explanation of and
also the Another implication of the present paper is
that it highlights the importance rdquo
ldquoThe novelty of the study is the use the ltlt X gtgt method
in order to study the helliprdquo
LIMITATIONS amp FUTURE RESEARCH
DIRECTIONS
ldquoThe future directions of study
will aim to enlarge the sample
and employ if possible
additional variables and
quarterly datardquo
ldquoThe limitations of the research
derive from therdquo
bull sample size
bull variables employed
bull types of data (annual
quarterly etc)
bull methods
bull time span
Connection with the future study
direction
Abstract
bull Summarizes the research and the conclusions
bull Is your advertisment = rdquoSellsrdquo your work
bull 50-300 words (200 typical length) (Refer to
author guidelines)
bull Stand-alone (NO references)
bull Indicates usefulness
bull Targets the audience
Writing the abstract-Long version
Originalityvalue
Research limitationsimplications
Findings
Designmethodologyapproach
Purpose
bullBased on the Emerald Structured Abstract
Writing the abstract-Short version
The Findings
The Arguments
The Purpose
Fancy title
bull Academic Titles Have Three Parts
bull (A) A catchy hook that introduces the
paper in a creative way
bull (B) Specific keywords that identify the
concepts the scholar will be exploring
bull (C) The location where those keywords
will be explored
bull 8-15 words
bull Main themeresearch topic research
design + population + geographical area
Fancy title- Examples
bull Globalization versus Segregation-Business Cycles
Synchronization in Europe
bull Is trade a vector of business cycles synchronization A
Fuzzy Cluster Approach of Globalization
bull Leaders and Followers in the Business Cycle Game A
Case Study of the G7
bull Hard or fuzzy clusters in assessing business cycle
transmission
bull The reverse alchemy of the business cycle
References section
In-text citations
All the cited
works compose
the Reference
List
Types of in-text citation
bull Varies from
Journal to Journal
bull Always check the
Authorrsquos
Guidelines
bull MS Office offers
APA
Harvard
Chicago
IEEE (reference order)
ISO 690 (Numerical
reference)
Includes only the
works cited in the
paper
Contains papers
read not
necessary cited
What makes good writing
Having something
to say
Logical thinking
A few simple
learnable rules of
style
Writing- Tips and tricks
Read pay attention and imitate
Talk about your research before trying to write about it
Stop waiting for ldquoinspirationrdquo
Revise Nobody gets it perfect on the first try
Learn how to cut ruthlessly Never become too attached to your words
Drop the balast
bull 1 Cut unnecessary words and phrases
bull 2 Write with verbs use strong verbs
avoid turning verbs into nouns and donrsquot
bury the main verb
The BAD Writing Contest
bull The move from a structuralist account in which capital is
understood to structure social relations in relatively homologous
ways to a view of hegemony in which power relations are subject to
repetition convergence and rearticulation brought the question of
temporality into the thinking of structure and marked a shift from a
form of Althusserian theory that takes structural totalities as
theoretical objects to one in which the insights into the contingent
possibility of structure inaugurate a renewed conception of
hegemony as bound up with the contingent sites and strategies of
the rearticulation of power
bull Butlerrsquos Diacritics (1997)
Balast to drop-Examples
1 Dead weight words and
phrases
bull As it is well known
bull As it has been shown
bull It can be regarded that
bull It should be emphasized
that
2 Empty words and
phrases
bull methodologic
bull important
3 Long words or phrases
that could be short
4 Unnecessary jargon
and acronyms
5 Repetitive words or
phrases
6 Adverbs
bull very really quite
basically generally etc
Substitute damn every time
youre inclined to write very
your editor will delete it and the
writing will be just as it should
be(Mark Twain)
Active vs Passive voice
Passive voice (Was done)
bull For previous studies
bull Literature reviewActive voice (I We did)
bull For new exciting own results
bull Original research
Verbs make the World go round
Donrsquot turn verbs into
nouns
Donrsquot bury the
main verb
Writing Environment
bull MS Word
bull Developed for average
users
bull WYSIWYG
bull Auto references
bull Thesaurus
bull LaTeX
bull Developed for
profesionals
bull Requires learning the
syntax
bull Latex makes difficult
things easy and easy
things very difficult
bull Prefered by publishers
LaTeX
Tables and figures
Tables
bull Most journals use three
horizontal lines one
above the column
headings one below the
column headings and
one below the data
bull Follow journal guidelines
bull DO NOT copy-paste
result tables directly from
software
Figures
bull Visual impact
bull Show trends and patterns
bull Tell a quick story
bull Tell the whole story
bull Highlight a particular
result
bull Always provide caption
bull Use high resolution (1000
dpi BampW 300 dpi color)
Tables-Examples
Figures- Examples
Final draft check-list
bull Check for consistency
bull Check for numerical consistencybull Do the numbers in your abstract match the numbers in your
tablesfigurestext
bull Do the numbers in the text match those in the tablesfigures
bull Do the numbers in each tablefigure match those in other tablesfigures
bull Check your references style
bull Check your overall style
Submission information
bull Authorship
This can be a point of contention when
writing in groups so establish
expectations for roles and responsibilities
early in the writing process
bull Permissions and Approvals
bull permissions for reprinting copyrighted
material
bull Ethical Considerations
Plagiarism amp Self- plagiarism
bull Passing off other
peoplersquos writing (or
tables and figures) as
your own
bull cutting and pasting
sentences or even
phrases from another
source
bull slightly rewriting or re-
arranging othersrsquo
words
Recycling your own
writing or data
bull Copying or only
slightly rewriting text
from your own
published papers
bull Adding new data to
already published
data and presenting it
as new results
Submitting identical or overlapping data to multiple journals
Submission checklist
bull Keywords
bull JEL Codes
bull All figure captions
bull All tables (including title description)
bull Manuscript has been spell-checked and grammar-
checked
bull References are in the correct format for this journal
bull All references mentioned in the Reference list are cited
in the text and vice versa
bull Permission has been obtained for use of copyrighted
material from other sources (including the Web)
Cover letter
Put the puzzle together
LOGO
Thank You
Bibliography
bull Jaba E (2002) Statistica Editura Economică București
bull Day A amp Peters A D (1996) How to get research published in journals Aldershot
Gower
bull Academic Writing and Research Skills Workshop Mancester University
bull APA Research Style Crib Sheet by Professor Russ Dewey amp Dr Abel Scribe PhD -
Fall 2007
bull Writing Articles for Peer-Review Publications A Quick Reference Guide
bull Chin B (2004) How to write a great research paper John Wiley amp Sons
bull Pieter M Kroonenberg (2007)How to write an article Leiden University
bull Daniel P J Soule Lucy Whiteley and Shona McIntosh Writing for Scholarly
Journals eSharp
bull Stephen E Dew (2013)The 5 Step Essay Writing Process
bull Kristin Sainani Writing in the Sciences Stanford University
bull httpwebupaczasitefilesfile40753writing_an_academic_journal_articlepdf
bull Sebastian-Florian Enea Silvia Palașcă Claudiu Țigănaș (2013) G7 COUNTRIES ndash
ADVOCATES OF THE GLOBAL BUSINESS CYCLE GEBA 2013 Iași
bull Enea Sebastian (2013) EVALUATING GLOBALIZATION BY MEANS OF FUZZY
CLUSTER ANALYSIS IE Bucharest
bull Oxford Dictionary httpwwwoxforddictionariescom
Short structure
bull Establish a territory ndash identify the research topic1
bull Identify a niche ndash issues gaps dilemmas that demand attention
2
bull State what your paper is going to address3
Suggested structure
Ibull Generalization about the topic
II
bull Short insights regarding the topic and or concepts (definitions debates academic conflicts)
IIIbull Find the research issue or gap
IV bull State very clearly the purpose
Vbull Structure of the article
GENERALIZATION ABOUT THE
TOPIC
ldquoConsidered to be one of the most important
contemporary phenomena by the national and
international literature globalization represents
a key research issue within in the academic
fieldrdquo
SHORT INSIGHTS REGARDING THE
TOPIC AND OR CONCEPTS
ldquoUsed as a term for the first time in 1983 in order to
(citation) globalization can be perceived as rdquo
The literature on business cycles acknowledges two
types of cycles the ldquoclassicalrdquo cycle as defined by hellip
(citation) and the one based on deviations or growths
where the underlying idea is that hellip (citation) ldquo
FIND THE RESEARCH ISSUE OR
GAP
ldquoThe main challenge that globalization puts forward
is that of finding alternative methods that can evaluate
its impact on the international economy
an analysis based on the idea that business cycles
synchronization represents a direct effect of
globalization offers the possibility to better grasp the
nature and dynamics of these vast processesrdquo
State very clearly the purpose
bull The present study seeks to
address the following questions
Are there pieces of evidence
regarding the synchronization
of business cycles between
the G7 countries and if this
is proved to be true
Can these seven countries be
considered the promoters of
economic globalization
This paper aims to estimate the synchronization of business cycles
perceived as an effect of globalization on the basis of the relationship
that exists between the growth rate of the GDP and inflows and
outflows of foreign direct investments (FDI) considered as percentage
of the GDP
Tips for writing the
Conclusions
bull Conclusions = the summing-up of an
argument or text
bull From the verb to conclude = to bring or
come to an end to sum up
Suggested structure
I
bull General assessment of the topic
bull Link to the purpose of the paper
II
bull Short and concise remarks regarding the findings
III
bull Contributions of the study
IV
bull Limitations of the research
bull Future research directions
GENERAL ASSESSMENT OF THE TOPIC amp
LINK TO THE PURPOSE OF THE PAPER
ldquoBoth globalization and business cycles are elusive economical
phenomena hence they represents a continuous research puzzle
for the academic community and an inexhaustible source of
possible inquiriesrdquo
ldquoThe main purpose of the research was to assess the business
cycle synchronization patterns inside the G7 in order to better
grasp the transformations that hellipldquo
SHORT AND CONCISE REMARKS
REGARDING THE FINDINGS
ldquoThe study has showed that in general hellip One of the
more important findings that emerge from the research
is fact that hellipThe second major finding is that hellip thus it
highlights the cases of hellip previously discussed It can
also be said that helliprdquo
CONTRIBUTIONS OF THE STUDY
ldquoThe contribution of the research founded on the
existence of resides in the explanation of and
also the Another implication of the present paper is
that it highlights the importance rdquo
ldquoThe novelty of the study is the use the ltlt X gtgt method
in order to study the helliprdquo
LIMITATIONS amp FUTURE RESEARCH
DIRECTIONS
ldquoThe future directions of study
will aim to enlarge the sample
and employ if possible
additional variables and
quarterly datardquo
ldquoThe limitations of the research
derive from therdquo
bull sample size
bull variables employed
bull types of data (annual
quarterly etc)
bull methods
bull time span
Connection with the future study
direction
Abstract
bull Summarizes the research and the conclusions
bull Is your advertisment = rdquoSellsrdquo your work
bull 50-300 words (200 typical length) (Refer to
author guidelines)
bull Stand-alone (NO references)
bull Indicates usefulness
bull Targets the audience
Writing the abstract-Long version
Originalityvalue
Research limitationsimplications
Findings
Designmethodologyapproach
Purpose
bullBased on the Emerald Structured Abstract
Writing the abstract-Short version
The Findings
The Arguments
The Purpose
Fancy title
bull Academic Titles Have Three Parts
bull (A) A catchy hook that introduces the
paper in a creative way
bull (B) Specific keywords that identify the
concepts the scholar will be exploring
bull (C) The location where those keywords
will be explored
bull 8-15 words
bull Main themeresearch topic research
design + population + geographical area
Fancy title- Examples
bull Globalization versus Segregation-Business Cycles
Synchronization in Europe
bull Is trade a vector of business cycles synchronization A
Fuzzy Cluster Approach of Globalization
bull Leaders and Followers in the Business Cycle Game A
Case Study of the G7
bull Hard or fuzzy clusters in assessing business cycle
transmission
bull The reverse alchemy of the business cycle
References section
In-text citations
All the cited
works compose
the Reference
List
Types of in-text citation
bull Varies from
Journal to Journal
bull Always check the
Authorrsquos
Guidelines
bull MS Office offers
APA
Harvard
Chicago
IEEE (reference order)
ISO 690 (Numerical
reference)
Includes only the
works cited in the
paper
Contains papers
read not
necessary cited
What makes good writing
Having something
to say
Logical thinking
A few simple
learnable rules of
style
Writing- Tips and tricks
Read pay attention and imitate
Talk about your research before trying to write about it
Stop waiting for ldquoinspirationrdquo
Revise Nobody gets it perfect on the first try
Learn how to cut ruthlessly Never become too attached to your words
Drop the balast
bull 1 Cut unnecessary words and phrases
bull 2 Write with verbs use strong verbs
avoid turning verbs into nouns and donrsquot
bury the main verb
The BAD Writing Contest
bull The move from a structuralist account in which capital is
understood to structure social relations in relatively homologous
ways to a view of hegemony in which power relations are subject to
repetition convergence and rearticulation brought the question of
temporality into the thinking of structure and marked a shift from a
form of Althusserian theory that takes structural totalities as
theoretical objects to one in which the insights into the contingent
possibility of structure inaugurate a renewed conception of
hegemony as bound up with the contingent sites and strategies of
the rearticulation of power
bull Butlerrsquos Diacritics (1997)
Balast to drop-Examples
1 Dead weight words and
phrases
bull As it is well known
bull As it has been shown
bull It can be regarded that
bull It should be emphasized
that
2 Empty words and
phrases
bull methodologic
bull important
3 Long words or phrases
that could be short
4 Unnecessary jargon
and acronyms
5 Repetitive words or
phrases
6 Adverbs
bull very really quite
basically generally etc
Substitute damn every time
youre inclined to write very
your editor will delete it and the
writing will be just as it should
be(Mark Twain)
Active vs Passive voice
Passive voice (Was done)
bull For previous studies
bull Literature reviewActive voice (I We did)
bull For new exciting own results
bull Original research
Verbs make the World go round
Donrsquot turn verbs into
nouns
Donrsquot bury the
main verb
Writing Environment
bull MS Word
bull Developed for average
users
bull WYSIWYG
bull Auto references
bull Thesaurus
bull LaTeX
bull Developed for
profesionals
bull Requires learning the
syntax
bull Latex makes difficult
things easy and easy
things very difficult
bull Prefered by publishers
LaTeX
Tables and figures
Tables
bull Most journals use three
horizontal lines one
above the column
headings one below the
column headings and
one below the data
bull Follow journal guidelines
bull DO NOT copy-paste
result tables directly from
software
Figures
bull Visual impact
bull Show trends and patterns
bull Tell a quick story
bull Tell the whole story
bull Highlight a particular
result
bull Always provide caption
bull Use high resolution (1000
dpi BampW 300 dpi color)
Tables-Examples
Figures- Examples
Final draft check-list
bull Check for consistency
bull Check for numerical consistencybull Do the numbers in your abstract match the numbers in your
tablesfigurestext
bull Do the numbers in the text match those in the tablesfigures
bull Do the numbers in each tablefigure match those in other tablesfigures
bull Check your references style
bull Check your overall style
Submission information
bull Authorship
This can be a point of contention when
writing in groups so establish
expectations for roles and responsibilities
early in the writing process
bull Permissions and Approvals
bull permissions for reprinting copyrighted
material
bull Ethical Considerations
Plagiarism amp Self- plagiarism
bull Passing off other
peoplersquos writing (or
tables and figures) as
your own
bull cutting and pasting
sentences or even
phrases from another
source
bull slightly rewriting or re-
arranging othersrsquo
words
Recycling your own
writing or data
bull Copying or only
slightly rewriting text
from your own
published papers
bull Adding new data to
already published
data and presenting it
as new results
Submitting identical or overlapping data to multiple journals
Submission checklist
bull Keywords
bull JEL Codes
bull All figure captions
bull All tables (including title description)
bull Manuscript has been spell-checked and grammar-
checked
bull References are in the correct format for this journal
bull All references mentioned in the Reference list are cited
in the text and vice versa
bull Permission has been obtained for use of copyrighted
material from other sources (including the Web)
Cover letter
Put the puzzle together
LOGO
Thank You
Bibliography
bull Jaba E (2002) Statistica Editura Economică București
bull Day A amp Peters A D (1996) How to get research published in journals Aldershot
Gower
bull Academic Writing and Research Skills Workshop Mancester University
bull APA Research Style Crib Sheet by Professor Russ Dewey amp Dr Abel Scribe PhD -
Fall 2007
bull Writing Articles for Peer-Review Publications A Quick Reference Guide
bull Chin B (2004) How to write a great research paper John Wiley amp Sons
bull Pieter M Kroonenberg (2007)How to write an article Leiden University
bull Daniel P J Soule Lucy Whiteley and Shona McIntosh Writing for Scholarly
Journals eSharp
bull Stephen E Dew (2013)The 5 Step Essay Writing Process
bull Kristin Sainani Writing in the Sciences Stanford University
bull httpwebupaczasitefilesfile40753writing_an_academic_journal_articlepdf
bull Sebastian-Florian Enea Silvia Palașcă Claudiu Țigănaș (2013) G7 COUNTRIES ndash
ADVOCATES OF THE GLOBAL BUSINESS CYCLE GEBA 2013 Iași
bull Enea Sebastian (2013) EVALUATING GLOBALIZATION BY MEANS OF FUZZY
CLUSTER ANALYSIS IE Bucharest
bull Oxford Dictionary httpwwwoxforddictionariescom
Suggested structure
Ibull Generalization about the topic
II
bull Short insights regarding the topic and or concepts (definitions debates academic conflicts)
IIIbull Find the research issue or gap
IV bull State very clearly the purpose
Vbull Structure of the article
GENERALIZATION ABOUT THE
TOPIC
ldquoConsidered to be one of the most important
contemporary phenomena by the national and
international literature globalization represents
a key research issue within in the academic
fieldrdquo
SHORT INSIGHTS REGARDING THE
TOPIC AND OR CONCEPTS
ldquoUsed as a term for the first time in 1983 in order to
(citation) globalization can be perceived as rdquo
The literature on business cycles acknowledges two
types of cycles the ldquoclassicalrdquo cycle as defined by hellip
(citation) and the one based on deviations or growths
where the underlying idea is that hellip (citation) ldquo
FIND THE RESEARCH ISSUE OR
GAP
ldquoThe main challenge that globalization puts forward
is that of finding alternative methods that can evaluate
its impact on the international economy
an analysis based on the idea that business cycles
synchronization represents a direct effect of
globalization offers the possibility to better grasp the
nature and dynamics of these vast processesrdquo
State very clearly the purpose
bull The present study seeks to
address the following questions
Are there pieces of evidence
regarding the synchronization
of business cycles between
the G7 countries and if this
is proved to be true
Can these seven countries be
considered the promoters of
economic globalization
This paper aims to estimate the synchronization of business cycles
perceived as an effect of globalization on the basis of the relationship
that exists between the growth rate of the GDP and inflows and
outflows of foreign direct investments (FDI) considered as percentage
of the GDP
Tips for writing the
Conclusions
bull Conclusions = the summing-up of an
argument or text
bull From the verb to conclude = to bring or
come to an end to sum up
Suggested structure
I
bull General assessment of the topic
bull Link to the purpose of the paper
II
bull Short and concise remarks regarding the findings
III
bull Contributions of the study
IV
bull Limitations of the research
bull Future research directions
GENERAL ASSESSMENT OF THE TOPIC amp
LINK TO THE PURPOSE OF THE PAPER
ldquoBoth globalization and business cycles are elusive economical
phenomena hence they represents a continuous research puzzle
for the academic community and an inexhaustible source of
possible inquiriesrdquo
ldquoThe main purpose of the research was to assess the business
cycle synchronization patterns inside the G7 in order to better
grasp the transformations that hellipldquo
SHORT AND CONCISE REMARKS
REGARDING THE FINDINGS
ldquoThe study has showed that in general hellip One of the
more important findings that emerge from the research
is fact that hellipThe second major finding is that hellip thus it
highlights the cases of hellip previously discussed It can
also be said that helliprdquo
CONTRIBUTIONS OF THE STUDY
ldquoThe contribution of the research founded on the
existence of resides in the explanation of and
also the Another implication of the present paper is
that it highlights the importance rdquo
ldquoThe novelty of the study is the use the ltlt X gtgt method
in order to study the helliprdquo
LIMITATIONS amp FUTURE RESEARCH
DIRECTIONS
ldquoThe future directions of study
will aim to enlarge the sample
and employ if possible
additional variables and
quarterly datardquo
ldquoThe limitations of the research
derive from therdquo
bull sample size
bull variables employed
bull types of data (annual
quarterly etc)
bull methods
bull time span
Connection with the future study
direction
Abstract
bull Summarizes the research and the conclusions
bull Is your advertisment = rdquoSellsrdquo your work
bull 50-300 words (200 typical length) (Refer to
author guidelines)
bull Stand-alone (NO references)
bull Indicates usefulness
bull Targets the audience
Writing the abstract-Long version
Originalityvalue
Research limitationsimplications
Findings
Designmethodologyapproach
Purpose
bullBased on the Emerald Structured Abstract
Writing the abstract-Short version
The Findings
The Arguments
The Purpose
Fancy title
bull Academic Titles Have Three Parts
bull (A) A catchy hook that introduces the
paper in a creative way
bull (B) Specific keywords that identify the
concepts the scholar will be exploring
bull (C) The location where those keywords
will be explored
bull 8-15 words
bull Main themeresearch topic research
design + population + geographical area
Fancy title- Examples
bull Globalization versus Segregation-Business Cycles
Synchronization in Europe
bull Is trade a vector of business cycles synchronization A
Fuzzy Cluster Approach of Globalization
bull Leaders and Followers in the Business Cycle Game A
Case Study of the G7
bull Hard or fuzzy clusters in assessing business cycle
transmission
bull The reverse alchemy of the business cycle
References section
In-text citations
All the cited
works compose
the Reference
List
Types of in-text citation
bull Varies from
Journal to Journal
bull Always check the
Authorrsquos
Guidelines
bull MS Office offers
APA
Harvard
Chicago
IEEE (reference order)
ISO 690 (Numerical
reference)
Includes only the
works cited in the
paper
Contains papers
read not
necessary cited
What makes good writing
Having something
to say
Logical thinking
A few simple
learnable rules of
style
Writing- Tips and tricks
Read pay attention and imitate
Talk about your research before trying to write about it
Stop waiting for ldquoinspirationrdquo
Revise Nobody gets it perfect on the first try
Learn how to cut ruthlessly Never become too attached to your words
Drop the balast
bull 1 Cut unnecessary words and phrases
bull 2 Write with verbs use strong verbs
avoid turning verbs into nouns and donrsquot
bury the main verb
The BAD Writing Contest
bull The move from a structuralist account in which capital is
understood to structure social relations in relatively homologous
ways to a view of hegemony in which power relations are subject to
repetition convergence and rearticulation brought the question of
temporality into the thinking of structure and marked a shift from a
form of Althusserian theory that takes structural totalities as
theoretical objects to one in which the insights into the contingent
possibility of structure inaugurate a renewed conception of
hegemony as bound up with the contingent sites and strategies of
the rearticulation of power
bull Butlerrsquos Diacritics (1997)
Balast to drop-Examples
1 Dead weight words and
phrases
bull As it is well known
bull As it has been shown
bull It can be regarded that
bull It should be emphasized
that
2 Empty words and
phrases
bull methodologic
bull important
3 Long words or phrases
that could be short
4 Unnecessary jargon
and acronyms
5 Repetitive words or
phrases
6 Adverbs
bull very really quite
basically generally etc
Substitute damn every time
youre inclined to write very
your editor will delete it and the
writing will be just as it should
be(Mark Twain)
Active vs Passive voice
Passive voice (Was done)
bull For previous studies
bull Literature reviewActive voice (I We did)
bull For new exciting own results
bull Original research
Verbs make the World go round
Donrsquot turn verbs into
nouns
Donrsquot bury the
main verb
Writing Environment
bull MS Word
bull Developed for average
users
bull WYSIWYG
bull Auto references
bull Thesaurus
bull LaTeX
bull Developed for
profesionals
bull Requires learning the
syntax
bull Latex makes difficult
things easy and easy
things very difficult
bull Prefered by publishers
LaTeX
Tables and figures
Tables
bull Most journals use three
horizontal lines one
above the column
headings one below the
column headings and
one below the data
bull Follow journal guidelines
bull DO NOT copy-paste
result tables directly from
software
Figures
bull Visual impact
bull Show trends and patterns
bull Tell a quick story
bull Tell the whole story
bull Highlight a particular
result
bull Always provide caption
bull Use high resolution (1000
dpi BampW 300 dpi color)
Tables-Examples
Figures- Examples
Final draft check-list
bull Check for consistency
bull Check for numerical consistencybull Do the numbers in your abstract match the numbers in your
tablesfigurestext
bull Do the numbers in the text match those in the tablesfigures
bull Do the numbers in each tablefigure match those in other tablesfigures
bull Check your references style
bull Check your overall style
Submission information
bull Authorship
This can be a point of contention when
writing in groups so establish
expectations for roles and responsibilities
early in the writing process
bull Permissions and Approvals
bull permissions for reprinting copyrighted
material
bull Ethical Considerations
Plagiarism amp Self- plagiarism
bull Passing off other
peoplersquos writing (or
tables and figures) as
your own
bull cutting and pasting
sentences or even
phrases from another
source
bull slightly rewriting or re-
arranging othersrsquo
words
Recycling your own
writing or data
bull Copying or only
slightly rewriting text
from your own
published papers
bull Adding new data to
already published
data and presenting it
as new results
Submitting identical or overlapping data to multiple journals
Submission checklist
bull Keywords
bull JEL Codes
bull All figure captions
bull All tables (including title description)
bull Manuscript has been spell-checked and grammar-
checked
bull References are in the correct format for this journal
bull All references mentioned in the Reference list are cited
in the text and vice versa
bull Permission has been obtained for use of copyrighted
material from other sources (including the Web)
Cover letter
Put the puzzle together
LOGO
Thank You
Bibliography
bull Jaba E (2002) Statistica Editura Economică București
bull Day A amp Peters A D (1996) How to get research published in journals Aldershot
Gower
bull Academic Writing and Research Skills Workshop Mancester University
bull APA Research Style Crib Sheet by Professor Russ Dewey amp Dr Abel Scribe PhD -
Fall 2007
bull Writing Articles for Peer-Review Publications A Quick Reference Guide
bull Chin B (2004) How to write a great research paper John Wiley amp Sons
bull Pieter M Kroonenberg (2007)How to write an article Leiden University
bull Daniel P J Soule Lucy Whiteley and Shona McIntosh Writing for Scholarly
Journals eSharp
bull Stephen E Dew (2013)The 5 Step Essay Writing Process
bull Kristin Sainani Writing in the Sciences Stanford University
bull httpwebupaczasitefilesfile40753writing_an_academic_journal_articlepdf
bull Sebastian-Florian Enea Silvia Palașcă Claudiu Țigănaș (2013) G7 COUNTRIES ndash
ADVOCATES OF THE GLOBAL BUSINESS CYCLE GEBA 2013 Iași
bull Enea Sebastian (2013) EVALUATING GLOBALIZATION BY MEANS OF FUZZY
CLUSTER ANALYSIS IE Bucharest
bull Oxford Dictionary httpwwwoxforddictionariescom
GENERALIZATION ABOUT THE
TOPIC
ldquoConsidered to be one of the most important
contemporary phenomena by the national and
international literature globalization represents
a key research issue within in the academic
fieldrdquo
SHORT INSIGHTS REGARDING THE
TOPIC AND OR CONCEPTS
ldquoUsed as a term for the first time in 1983 in order to
(citation) globalization can be perceived as rdquo
The literature on business cycles acknowledges two
types of cycles the ldquoclassicalrdquo cycle as defined by hellip
(citation) and the one based on deviations or growths
where the underlying idea is that hellip (citation) ldquo
FIND THE RESEARCH ISSUE OR
GAP
ldquoThe main challenge that globalization puts forward
is that of finding alternative methods that can evaluate
its impact on the international economy
an analysis based on the idea that business cycles
synchronization represents a direct effect of
globalization offers the possibility to better grasp the
nature and dynamics of these vast processesrdquo
State very clearly the purpose
bull The present study seeks to
address the following questions
Are there pieces of evidence
regarding the synchronization
of business cycles between
the G7 countries and if this
is proved to be true
Can these seven countries be
considered the promoters of
economic globalization
This paper aims to estimate the synchronization of business cycles
perceived as an effect of globalization on the basis of the relationship
that exists between the growth rate of the GDP and inflows and
outflows of foreign direct investments (FDI) considered as percentage
of the GDP
Tips for writing the
Conclusions
bull Conclusions = the summing-up of an
argument or text
bull From the verb to conclude = to bring or
come to an end to sum up
Suggested structure
I
bull General assessment of the topic
bull Link to the purpose of the paper
II
bull Short and concise remarks regarding the findings
III
bull Contributions of the study
IV
bull Limitations of the research
bull Future research directions
GENERAL ASSESSMENT OF THE TOPIC amp
LINK TO THE PURPOSE OF THE PAPER
ldquoBoth globalization and business cycles are elusive economical
phenomena hence they represents a continuous research puzzle
for the academic community and an inexhaustible source of
possible inquiriesrdquo
ldquoThe main purpose of the research was to assess the business
cycle synchronization patterns inside the G7 in order to better
grasp the transformations that hellipldquo
SHORT AND CONCISE REMARKS
REGARDING THE FINDINGS
ldquoThe study has showed that in general hellip One of the
more important findings that emerge from the research
is fact that hellipThe second major finding is that hellip thus it
highlights the cases of hellip previously discussed It can
also be said that helliprdquo
CONTRIBUTIONS OF THE STUDY
ldquoThe contribution of the research founded on the
existence of resides in the explanation of and
also the Another implication of the present paper is
that it highlights the importance rdquo
ldquoThe novelty of the study is the use the ltlt X gtgt method
in order to study the helliprdquo
LIMITATIONS amp FUTURE RESEARCH
DIRECTIONS
ldquoThe future directions of study
will aim to enlarge the sample
and employ if possible
additional variables and
quarterly datardquo
ldquoThe limitations of the research
derive from therdquo
bull sample size
bull variables employed
bull types of data (annual
quarterly etc)
bull methods
bull time span
Connection with the future study
direction
Abstract
bull Summarizes the research and the conclusions
bull Is your advertisment = rdquoSellsrdquo your work
bull 50-300 words (200 typical length) (Refer to
author guidelines)
bull Stand-alone (NO references)
bull Indicates usefulness
bull Targets the audience
Writing the abstract-Long version
Originalityvalue
Research limitationsimplications
Findings
Designmethodologyapproach
Purpose
bullBased on the Emerald Structured Abstract
Writing the abstract-Short version
The Findings
The Arguments
The Purpose
Fancy title
bull Academic Titles Have Three Parts
bull (A) A catchy hook that introduces the
paper in a creative way
bull (B) Specific keywords that identify the
concepts the scholar will be exploring
bull (C) The location where those keywords
will be explored
bull 8-15 words
bull Main themeresearch topic research
design + population + geographical area
Fancy title- Examples
bull Globalization versus Segregation-Business Cycles
Synchronization in Europe
bull Is trade a vector of business cycles synchronization A
Fuzzy Cluster Approach of Globalization
bull Leaders and Followers in the Business Cycle Game A
Case Study of the G7
bull Hard or fuzzy clusters in assessing business cycle
transmission
bull The reverse alchemy of the business cycle
References section
In-text citations
All the cited
works compose
the Reference
List
Types of in-text citation
bull Varies from
Journal to Journal
bull Always check the
Authorrsquos
Guidelines
bull MS Office offers
APA
Harvard
Chicago
IEEE (reference order)
ISO 690 (Numerical
reference)
Includes only the
works cited in the
paper
Contains papers
read not
necessary cited
What makes good writing
Having something
to say
Logical thinking
A few simple
learnable rules of
style
Writing- Tips and tricks
Read pay attention and imitate
Talk about your research before trying to write about it
Stop waiting for ldquoinspirationrdquo
Revise Nobody gets it perfect on the first try
Learn how to cut ruthlessly Never become too attached to your words
Drop the balast
bull 1 Cut unnecessary words and phrases
bull 2 Write with verbs use strong verbs
avoid turning verbs into nouns and donrsquot
bury the main verb
The BAD Writing Contest
bull The move from a structuralist account in which capital is
understood to structure social relations in relatively homologous
ways to a view of hegemony in which power relations are subject to
repetition convergence and rearticulation brought the question of
temporality into the thinking of structure and marked a shift from a
form of Althusserian theory that takes structural totalities as
theoretical objects to one in which the insights into the contingent
possibility of structure inaugurate a renewed conception of
hegemony as bound up with the contingent sites and strategies of
the rearticulation of power
bull Butlerrsquos Diacritics (1997)
Balast to drop-Examples
1 Dead weight words and
phrases
bull As it is well known
bull As it has been shown
bull It can be regarded that
bull It should be emphasized
that
2 Empty words and
phrases
bull methodologic
bull important
3 Long words or phrases
that could be short
4 Unnecessary jargon
and acronyms
5 Repetitive words or
phrases
6 Adverbs
bull very really quite
basically generally etc
Substitute damn every time
youre inclined to write very
your editor will delete it and the
writing will be just as it should
be(Mark Twain)
Active vs Passive voice
Passive voice (Was done)
bull For previous studies
bull Literature reviewActive voice (I We did)
bull For new exciting own results
bull Original research
Verbs make the World go round
Donrsquot turn verbs into
nouns
Donrsquot bury the
main verb
Writing Environment
bull MS Word
bull Developed for average
users
bull WYSIWYG
bull Auto references
bull Thesaurus
bull LaTeX
bull Developed for
profesionals
bull Requires learning the
syntax
bull Latex makes difficult
things easy and easy
things very difficult
bull Prefered by publishers
LaTeX
Tables and figures
Tables
bull Most journals use three
horizontal lines one
above the column
headings one below the
column headings and
one below the data
bull Follow journal guidelines
bull DO NOT copy-paste
result tables directly from
software
Figures
bull Visual impact
bull Show trends and patterns
bull Tell a quick story
bull Tell the whole story
bull Highlight a particular
result
bull Always provide caption
bull Use high resolution (1000
dpi BampW 300 dpi color)
Tables-Examples
Figures- Examples
Final draft check-list
bull Check for consistency
bull Check for numerical consistencybull Do the numbers in your abstract match the numbers in your
tablesfigurestext
bull Do the numbers in the text match those in the tablesfigures
bull Do the numbers in each tablefigure match those in other tablesfigures
bull Check your references style
bull Check your overall style
Submission information
bull Authorship
This can be a point of contention when
writing in groups so establish
expectations for roles and responsibilities
early in the writing process
bull Permissions and Approvals
bull permissions for reprinting copyrighted
material
bull Ethical Considerations
Plagiarism amp Self- plagiarism
bull Passing off other
peoplersquos writing (or
tables and figures) as
your own
bull cutting and pasting
sentences or even
phrases from another
source
bull slightly rewriting or re-
arranging othersrsquo
words
Recycling your own
writing or data
bull Copying or only
slightly rewriting text
from your own
published papers
bull Adding new data to
already published
data and presenting it
as new results
Submitting identical or overlapping data to multiple journals
Submission checklist
bull Keywords
bull JEL Codes
bull All figure captions
bull All tables (including title description)
bull Manuscript has been spell-checked and grammar-
checked
bull References are in the correct format for this journal
bull All references mentioned in the Reference list are cited
in the text and vice versa
bull Permission has been obtained for use of copyrighted
material from other sources (including the Web)
Cover letter
Put the puzzle together
LOGO
Thank You
Bibliography
bull Jaba E (2002) Statistica Editura Economică București
bull Day A amp Peters A D (1996) How to get research published in journals Aldershot
Gower
bull Academic Writing and Research Skills Workshop Mancester University
bull APA Research Style Crib Sheet by Professor Russ Dewey amp Dr Abel Scribe PhD -
Fall 2007
bull Writing Articles for Peer-Review Publications A Quick Reference Guide
bull Chin B (2004) How to write a great research paper John Wiley amp Sons
bull Pieter M Kroonenberg (2007)How to write an article Leiden University
bull Daniel P J Soule Lucy Whiteley and Shona McIntosh Writing for Scholarly
Journals eSharp
bull Stephen E Dew (2013)The 5 Step Essay Writing Process
bull Kristin Sainani Writing in the Sciences Stanford University
bull httpwebupaczasitefilesfile40753writing_an_academic_journal_articlepdf
bull Sebastian-Florian Enea Silvia Palașcă Claudiu Țigănaș (2013) G7 COUNTRIES ndash
ADVOCATES OF THE GLOBAL BUSINESS CYCLE GEBA 2013 Iași
bull Enea Sebastian (2013) EVALUATING GLOBALIZATION BY MEANS OF FUZZY
CLUSTER ANALYSIS IE Bucharest
bull Oxford Dictionary httpwwwoxforddictionariescom
SHORT INSIGHTS REGARDING THE
TOPIC AND OR CONCEPTS
ldquoUsed as a term for the first time in 1983 in order to
(citation) globalization can be perceived as rdquo
The literature on business cycles acknowledges two
types of cycles the ldquoclassicalrdquo cycle as defined by hellip
(citation) and the one based on deviations or growths
where the underlying idea is that hellip (citation) ldquo
FIND THE RESEARCH ISSUE OR
GAP
ldquoThe main challenge that globalization puts forward
is that of finding alternative methods that can evaluate
its impact on the international economy
an analysis based on the idea that business cycles
synchronization represents a direct effect of
globalization offers the possibility to better grasp the
nature and dynamics of these vast processesrdquo
State very clearly the purpose
bull The present study seeks to
address the following questions
Are there pieces of evidence
regarding the synchronization
of business cycles between
the G7 countries and if this
is proved to be true
Can these seven countries be
considered the promoters of
economic globalization
This paper aims to estimate the synchronization of business cycles
perceived as an effect of globalization on the basis of the relationship
that exists between the growth rate of the GDP and inflows and
outflows of foreign direct investments (FDI) considered as percentage
of the GDP
Tips for writing the
Conclusions
bull Conclusions = the summing-up of an
argument or text
bull From the verb to conclude = to bring or
come to an end to sum up
Suggested structure
I
bull General assessment of the topic
bull Link to the purpose of the paper
II
bull Short and concise remarks regarding the findings
III
bull Contributions of the study
IV
bull Limitations of the research
bull Future research directions
GENERAL ASSESSMENT OF THE TOPIC amp
LINK TO THE PURPOSE OF THE PAPER
ldquoBoth globalization and business cycles are elusive economical
phenomena hence they represents a continuous research puzzle
for the academic community and an inexhaustible source of
possible inquiriesrdquo
ldquoThe main purpose of the research was to assess the business
cycle synchronization patterns inside the G7 in order to better
grasp the transformations that hellipldquo
SHORT AND CONCISE REMARKS
REGARDING THE FINDINGS
ldquoThe study has showed that in general hellip One of the
more important findings that emerge from the research
is fact that hellipThe second major finding is that hellip thus it
highlights the cases of hellip previously discussed It can
also be said that helliprdquo
CONTRIBUTIONS OF THE STUDY
ldquoThe contribution of the research founded on the
existence of resides in the explanation of and
also the Another implication of the present paper is
that it highlights the importance rdquo
ldquoThe novelty of the study is the use the ltlt X gtgt method
in order to study the helliprdquo
LIMITATIONS amp FUTURE RESEARCH
DIRECTIONS
ldquoThe future directions of study
will aim to enlarge the sample
and employ if possible
additional variables and
quarterly datardquo
ldquoThe limitations of the research
derive from therdquo
bull sample size
bull variables employed
bull types of data (annual
quarterly etc)
bull methods
bull time span
Connection with the future study
direction
Abstract
bull Summarizes the research and the conclusions
bull Is your advertisment = rdquoSellsrdquo your work
bull 50-300 words (200 typical length) (Refer to
author guidelines)
bull Stand-alone (NO references)
bull Indicates usefulness
bull Targets the audience
Writing the abstract-Long version
Originalityvalue
Research limitationsimplications
Findings
Designmethodologyapproach
Purpose
bullBased on the Emerald Structured Abstract
Writing the abstract-Short version
The Findings
The Arguments
The Purpose
Fancy title
bull Academic Titles Have Three Parts
bull (A) A catchy hook that introduces the
paper in a creative way
bull (B) Specific keywords that identify the
concepts the scholar will be exploring
bull (C) The location where those keywords
will be explored
bull 8-15 words
bull Main themeresearch topic research
design + population + geographical area
Fancy title- Examples
bull Globalization versus Segregation-Business Cycles
Synchronization in Europe
bull Is trade a vector of business cycles synchronization A
Fuzzy Cluster Approach of Globalization
bull Leaders and Followers in the Business Cycle Game A
Case Study of the G7
bull Hard or fuzzy clusters in assessing business cycle
transmission
bull The reverse alchemy of the business cycle
References section
In-text citations
All the cited
works compose
the Reference
List
Types of in-text citation
bull Varies from
Journal to Journal
bull Always check the
Authorrsquos
Guidelines
bull MS Office offers
APA
Harvard
Chicago
IEEE (reference order)
ISO 690 (Numerical
reference)
Includes only the
works cited in the
paper
Contains papers
read not
necessary cited
What makes good writing
Having something
to say
Logical thinking
A few simple
learnable rules of
style
Writing- Tips and tricks
Read pay attention and imitate
Talk about your research before trying to write about it
Stop waiting for ldquoinspirationrdquo
Revise Nobody gets it perfect on the first try
Learn how to cut ruthlessly Never become too attached to your words
Drop the balast
bull 1 Cut unnecessary words and phrases
bull 2 Write with verbs use strong verbs
avoid turning verbs into nouns and donrsquot
bury the main verb
The BAD Writing Contest
bull The move from a structuralist account in which capital is
understood to structure social relations in relatively homologous
ways to a view of hegemony in which power relations are subject to
repetition convergence and rearticulation brought the question of
temporality into the thinking of structure and marked a shift from a
form of Althusserian theory that takes structural totalities as
theoretical objects to one in which the insights into the contingent
possibility of structure inaugurate a renewed conception of
hegemony as bound up with the contingent sites and strategies of
the rearticulation of power
bull Butlerrsquos Diacritics (1997)
Balast to drop-Examples
1 Dead weight words and
phrases
bull As it is well known
bull As it has been shown
bull It can be regarded that
bull It should be emphasized
that
2 Empty words and
phrases
bull methodologic
bull important
3 Long words or phrases
that could be short
4 Unnecessary jargon
and acronyms
5 Repetitive words or
phrases
6 Adverbs
bull very really quite
basically generally etc
Substitute damn every time
youre inclined to write very
your editor will delete it and the
writing will be just as it should
be(Mark Twain)
Active vs Passive voice
Passive voice (Was done)
bull For previous studies
bull Literature reviewActive voice (I We did)
bull For new exciting own results
bull Original research
Verbs make the World go round
Donrsquot turn verbs into
nouns
Donrsquot bury the
main verb
Writing Environment
bull MS Word
bull Developed for average
users
bull WYSIWYG
bull Auto references
bull Thesaurus
bull LaTeX
bull Developed for
profesionals
bull Requires learning the
syntax
bull Latex makes difficult
things easy and easy
things very difficult
bull Prefered by publishers
LaTeX
Tables and figures
Tables
bull Most journals use three
horizontal lines one
above the column
headings one below the
column headings and
one below the data
bull Follow journal guidelines
bull DO NOT copy-paste
result tables directly from
software
Figures
bull Visual impact
bull Show trends and patterns
bull Tell a quick story
bull Tell the whole story
bull Highlight a particular
result
bull Always provide caption
bull Use high resolution (1000
dpi BampW 300 dpi color)
Tables-Examples
Figures- Examples
Final draft check-list
bull Check for consistency
bull Check for numerical consistencybull Do the numbers in your abstract match the numbers in your
tablesfigurestext
bull Do the numbers in the text match those in the tablesfigures
bull Do the numbers in each tablefigure match those in other tablesfigures
bull Check your references style
bull Check your overall style
Submission information
bull Authorship
This can be a point of contention when
writing in groups so establish
expectations for roles and responsibilities
early in the writing process
bull Permissions and Approvals
bull permissions for reprinting copyrighted
material
bull Ethical Considerations
Plagiarism amp Self- plagiarism
bull Passing off other
peoplersquos writing (or
tables and figures) as
your own
bull cutting and pasting
sentences or even
phrases from another
source
bull slightly rewriting or re-
arranging othersrsquo
words
Recycling your own
writing or data
bull Copying or only
slightly rewriting text
from your own
published papers
bull Adding new data to
already published
data and presenting it
as new results
Submitting identical or overlapping data to multiple journals
Submission checklist
bull Keywords
bull JEL Codes
bull All figure captions
bull All tables (including title description)
bull Manuscript has been spell-checked and grammar-
checked
bull References are in the correct format for this journal
bull All references mentioned in the Reference list are cited
in the text and vice versa
bull Permission has been obtained for use of copyrighted
material from other sources (including the Web)
Cover letter
Put the puzzle together
LOGO
Thank You
Bibliography
bull Jaba E (2002) Statistica Editura Economică București
bull Day A amp Peters A D (1996) How to get research published in journals Aldershot
Gower
bull Academic Writing and Research Skills Workshop Mancester University
bull APA Research Style Crib Sheet by Professor Russ Dewey amp Dr Abel Scribe PhD -
Fall 2007
bull Writing Articles for Peer-Review Publications A Quick Reference Guide
bull Chin B (2004) How to write a great research paper John Wiley amp Sons
bull Pieter M Kroonenberg (2007)How to write an article Leiden University
bull Daniel P J Soule Lucy Whiteley and Shona McIntosh Writing for Scholarly
Journals eSharp
bull Stephen E Dew (2013)The 5 Step Essay Writing Process
bull Kristin Sainani Writing in the Sciences Stanford University
bull httpwebupaczasitefilesfile40753writing_an_academic_journal_articlepdf
bull Sebastian-Florian Enea Silvia Palașcă Claudiu Țigănaș (2013) G7 COUNTRIES ndash
ADVOCATES OF THE GLOBAL BUSINESS CYCLE GEBA 2013 Iași
bull Enea Sebastian (2013) EVALUATING GLOBALIZATION BY MEANS OF FUZZY
CLUSTER ANALYSIS IE Bucharest
bull Oxford Dictionary httpwwwoxforddictionariescom
FIND THE RESEARCH ISSUE OR
GAP
ldquoThe main challenge that globalization puts forward
is that of finding alternative methods that can evaluate
its impact on the international economy
an analysis based on the idea that business cycles
synchronization represents a direct effect of
globalization offers the possibility to better grasp the
nature and dynamics of these vast processesrdquo
State very clearly the purpose
bull The present study seeks to
address the following questions
Are there pieces of evidence
regarding the synchronization
of business cycles between
the G7 countries and if this
is proved to be true
Can these seven countries be
considered the promoters of
economic globalization
This paper aims to estimate the synchronization of business cycles
perceived as an effect of globalization on the basis of the relationship
that exists between the growth rate of the GDP and inflows and
outflows of foreign direct investments (FDI) considered as percentage
of the GDP
Tips for writing the
Conclusions
bull Conclusions = the summing-up of an
argument or text
bull From the verb to conclude = to bring or
come to an end to sum up
Suggested structure
I
bull General assessment of the topic
bull Link to the purpose of the paper
II
bull Short and concise remarks regarding the findings
III
bull Contributions of the study
IV
bull Limitations of the research
bull Future research directions
GENERAL ASSESSMENT OF THE TOPIC amp
LINK TO THE PURPOSE OF THE PAPER
ldquoBoth globalization and business cycles are elusive economical
phenomena hence they represents a continuous research puzzle
for the academic community and an inexhaustible source of
possible inquiriesrdquo
ldquoThe main purpose of the research was to assess the business
cycle synchronization patterns inside the G7 in order to better
grasp the transformations that hellipldquo
SHORT AND CONCISE REMARKS
REGARDING THE FINDINGS
ldquoThe study has showed that in general hellip One of the
more important findings that emerge from the research
is fact that hellipThe second major finding is that hellip thus it
highlights the cases of hellip previously discussed It can
also be said that helliprdquo
CONTRIBUTIONS OF THE STUDY
ldquoThe contribution of the research founded on the
existence of resides in the explanation of and
also the Another implication of the present paper is
that it highlights the importance rdquo
ldquoThe novelty of the study is the use the ltlt X gtgt method
in order to study the helliprdquo
LIMITATIONS amp FUTURE RESEARCH
DIRECTIONS
ldquoThe future directions of study
will aim to enlarge the sample
and employ if possible
additional variables and
quarterly datardquo
ldquoThe limitations of the research
derive from therdquo
bull sample size
bull variables employed
bull types of data (annual
quarterly etc)
bull methods
bull time span
Connection with the future study
direction
Abstract
bull Summarizes the research and the conclusions
bull Is your advertisment = rdquoSellsrdquo your work
bull 50-300 words (200 typical length) (Refer to
author guidelines)
bull Stand-alone (NO references)
bull Indicates usefulness
bull Targets the audience
Writing the abstract-Long version
Originalityvalue
Research limitationsimplications
Findings
Designmethodologyapproach
Purpose
bullBased on the Emerald Structured Abstract
Writing the abstract-Short version
The Findings
The Arguments
The Purpose
Fancy title
bull Academic Titles Have Three Parts
bull (A) A catchy hook that introduces the
paper in a creative way
bull (B) Specific keywords that identify the
concepts the scholar will be exploring
bull (C) The location where those keywords
will be explored
bull 8-15 words
bull Main themeresearch topic research
design + population + geographical area
Fancy title- Examples
bull Globalization versus Segregation-Business Cycles
Synchronization in Europe
bull Is trade a vector of business cycles synchronization A
Fuzzy Cluster Approach of Globalization
bull Leaders and Followers in the Business Cycle Game A
Case Study of the G7
bull Hard or fuzzy clusters in assessing business cycle
transmission
bull The reverse alchemy of the business cycle
References section
In-text citations
All the cited
works compose
the Reference
List
Types of in-text citation
bull Varies from
Journal to Journal
bull Always check the
Authorrsquos
Guidelines
bull MS Office offers
APA
Harvard
Chicago
IEEE (reference order)
ISO 690 (Numerical
reference)
Includes only the
works cited in the
paper
Contains papers
read not
necessary cited
What makes good writing
Having something
to say
Logical thinking
A few simple
learnable rules of
style
Writing- Tips and tricks
Read pay attention and imitate
Talk about your research before trying to write about it
Stop waiting for ldquoinspirationrdquo
Revise Nobody gets it perfect on the first try
Learn how to cut ruthlessly Never become too attached to your words
Drop the balast
bull 1 Cut unnecessary words and phrases
bull 2 Write with verbs use strong verbs
avoid turning verbs into nouns and donrsquot
bury the main verb
The BAD Writing Contest
bull The move from a structuralist account in which capital is
understood to structure social relations in relatively homologous
ways to a view of hegemony in which power relations are subject to
repetition convergence and rearticulation brought the question of
temporality into the thinking of structure and marked a shift from a
form of Althusserian theory that takes structural totalities as
theoretical objects to one in which the insights into the contingent
possibility of structure inaugurate a renewed conception of
hegemony as bound up with the contingent sites and strategies of
the rearticulation of power
bull Butlerrsquos Diacritics (1997)
Balast to drop-Examples
1 Dead weight words and
phrases
bull As it is well known
bull As it has been shown
bull It can be regarded that
bull It should be emphasized
that
2 Empty words and
phrases
bull methodologic
bull important
3 Long words or phrases
that could be short
4 Unnecessary jargon
and acronyms
5 Repetitive words or
phrases
6 Adverbs
bull very really quite
basically generally etc
Substitute damn every time
youre inclined to write very
your editor will delete it and the
writing will be just as it should
be(Mark Twain)
Active vs Passive voice
Passive voice (Was done)
bull For previous studies
bull Literature reviewActive voice (I We did)
bull For new exciting own results
bull Original research
Verbs make the World go round
Donrsquot turn verbs into
nouns
Donrsquot bury the
main verb
Writing Environment
bull MS Word
bull Developed for average
users
bull WYSIWYG
bull Auto references
bull Thesaurus
bull LaTeX
bull Developed for
profesionals
bull Requires learning the
syntax
bull Latex makes difficult
things easy and easy
things very difficult
bull Prefered by publishers
LaTeX
Tables and figures
Tables
bull Most journals use three
horizontal lines one
above the column
headings one below the
column headings and
one below the data
bull Follow journal guidelines
bull DO NOT copy-paste
result tables directly from
software
Figures
bull Visual impact
bull Show trends and patterns
bull Tell a quick story
bull Tell the whole story
bull Highlight a particular
result
bull Always provide caption
bull Use high resolution (1000
dpi BampW 300 dpi color)
Tables-Examples
Figures- Examples
Final draft check-list
bull Check for consistency
bull Check for numerical consistencybull Do the numbers in your abstract match the numbers in your
tablesfigurestext
bull Do the numbers in the text match those in the tablesfigures
bull Do the numbers in each tablefigure match those in other tablesfigures
bull Check your references style
bull Check your overall style
Submission information
bull Authorship
This can be a point of contention when
writing in groups so establish
expectations for roles and responsibilities
early in the writing process
bull Permissions and Approvals
bull permissions for reprinting copyrighted
material
bull Ethical Considerations
Plagiarism amp Self- plagiarism
bull Passing off other
peoplersquos writing (or
tables and figures) as
your own
bull cutting and pasting
sentences or even
phrases from another
source
bull slightly rewriting or re-
arranging othersrsquo
words
Recycling your own
writing or data
bull Copying or only
slightly rewriting text
from your own
published papers
bull Adding new data to
already published
data and presenting it
as new results
Submitting identical or overlapping data to multiple journals
Submission checklist
bull Keywords
bull JEL Codes
bull All figure captions
bull All tables (including title description)
bull Manuscript has been spell-checked and grammar-
checked
bull References are in the correct format for this journal
bull All references mentioned in the Reference list are cited
in the text and vice versa
bull Permission has been obtained for use of copyrighted
material from other sources (including the Web)
Cover letter
Put the puzzle together
LOGO
Thank You
Bibliography
bull Jaba E (2002) Statistica Editura Economică București
bull Day A amp Peters A D (1996) How to get research published in journals Aldershot
Gower
bull Academic Writing and Research Skills Workshop Mancester University
bull APA Research Style Crib Sheet by Professor Russ Dewey amp Dr Abel Scribe PhD -
Fall 2007
bull Writing Articles for Peer-Review Publications A Quick Reference Guide
bull Chin B (2004) How to write a great research paper John Wiley amp Sons
bull Pieter M Kroonenberg (2007)How to write an article Leiden University
bull Daniel P J Soule Lucy Whiteley and Shona McIntosh Writing for Scholarly
Journals eSharp
bull Stephen E Dew (2013)The 5 Step Essay Writing Process
bull Kristin Sainani Writing in the Sciences Stanford University
bull httpwebupaczasitefilesfile40753writing_an_academic_journal_articlepdf
bull Sebastian-Florian Enea Silvia Palașcă Claudiu Țigănaș (2013) G7 COUNTRIES ndash
ADVOCATES OF THE GLOBAL BUSINESS CYCLE GEBA 2013 Iași
bull Enea Sebastian (2013) EVALUATING GLOBALIZATION BY MEANS OF FUZZY
CLUSTER ANALYSIS IE Bucharest
bull Oxford Dictionary httpwwwoxforddictionariescom
State very clearly the purpose
bull The present study seeks to
address the following questions
Are there pieces of evidence
regarding the synchronization
of business cycles between
the G7 countries and if this
is proved to be true
Can these seven countries be
considered the promoters of
economic globalization
This paper aims to estimate the synchronization of business cycles
perceived as an effect of globalization on the basis of the relationship
that exists between the growth rate of the GDP and inflows and
outflows of foreign direct investments (FDI) considered as percentage
of the GDP
Tips for writing the
Conclusions
bull Conclusions = the summing-up of an
argument or text
bull From the verb to conclude = to bring or
come to an end to sum up
Suggested structure
I
bull General assessment of the topic
bull Link to the purpose of the paper
II
bull Short and concise remarks regarding the findings
III
bull Contributions of the study
IV
bull Limitations of the research
bull Future research directions
GENERAL ASSESSMENT OF THE TOPIC amp
LINK TO THE PURPOSE OF THE PAPER
ldquoBoth globalization and business cycles are elusive economical
phenomena hence they represents a continuous research puzzle
for the academic community and an inexhaustible source of
possible inquiriesrdquo
ldquoThe main purpose of the research was to assess the business
cycle synchronization patterns inside the G7 in order to better
grasp the transformations that hellipldquo
SHORT AND CONCISE REMARKS
REGARDING THE FINDINGS
ldquoThe study has showed that in general hellip One of the
more important findings that emerge from the research
is fact that hellipThe second major finding is that hellip thus it
highlights the cases of hellip previously discussed It can
also be said that helliprdquo
CONTRIBUTIONS OF THE STUDY
ldquoThe contribution of the research founded on the
existence of resides in the explanation of and
also the Another implication of the present paper is
that it highlights the importance rdquo
ldquoThe novelty of the study is the use the ltlt X gtgt method
in order to study the helliprdquo
LIMITATIONS amp FUTURE RESEARCH
DIRECTIONS
ldquoThe future directions of study
will aim to enlarge the sample
and employ if possible
additional variables and
quarterly datardquo
ldquoThe limitations of the research
derive from therdquo
bull sample size
bull variables employed
bull types of data (annual
quarterly etc)
bull methods
bull time span
Connection with the future study
direction
Abstract
bull Summarizes the research and the conclusions
bull Is your advertisment = rdquoSellsrdquo your work
bull 50-300 words (200 typical length) (Refer to
author guidelines)
bull Stand-alone (NO references)
bull Indicates usefulness
bull Targets the audience
Writing the abstract-Long version
Originalityvalue
Research limitationsimplications
Findings
Designmethodologyapproach
Purpose
bullBased on the Emerald Structured Abstract
Writing the abstract-Short version
The Findings
The Arguments
The Purpose
Fancy title
bull Academic Titles Have Three Parts
bull (A) A catchy hook that introduces the
paper in a creative way
bull (B) Specific keywords that identify the
concepts the scholar will be exploring
bull (C) The location where those keywords
will be explored
bull 8-15 words
bull Main themeresearch topic research
design + population + geographical area
Fancy title- Examples
bull Globalization versus Segregation-Business Cycles
Synchronization in Europe
bull Is trade a vector of business cycles synchronization A
Fuzzy Cluster Approach of Globalization
bull Leaders and Followers in the Business Cycle Game A
Case Study of the G7
bull Hard or fuzzy clusters in assessing business cycle
transmission
bull The reverse alchemy of the business cycle
References section
In-text citations
All the cited
works compose
the Reference
List
Types of in-text citation
bull Varies from
Journal to Journal
bull Always check the
Authorrsquos
Guidelines
bull MS Office offers
APA
Harvard
Chicago
IEEE (reference order)
ISO 690 (Numerical
reference)
Includes only the
works cited in the
paper
Contains papers
read not
necessary cited
What makes good writing
Having something
to say
Logical thinking
A few simple
learnable rules of
style
Writing- Tips and tricks
Read pay attention and imitate
Talk about your research before trying to write about it
Stop waiting for ldquoinspirationrdquo
Revise Nobody gets it perfect on the first try
Learn how to cut ruthlessly Never become too attached to your words
Drop the balast
bull 1 Cut unnecessary words and phrases
bull 2 Write with verbs use strong verbs
avoid turning verbs into nouns and donrsquot
bury the main verb
The BAD Writing Contest
bull The move from a structuralist account in which capital is
understood to structure social relations in relatively homologous
ways to a view of hegemony in which power relations are subject to
repetition convergence and rearticulation brought the question of
temporality into the thinking of structure and marked a shift from a
form of Althusserian theory that takes structural totalities as
theoretical objects to one in which the insights into the contingent
possibility of structure inaugurate a renewed conception of
hegemony as bound up with the contingent sites and strategies of
the rearticulation of power
bull Butlerrsquos Diacritics (1997)
Balast to drop-Examples
1 Dead weight words and
phrases
bull As it is well known
bull As it has been shown
bull It can be regarded that
bull It should be emphasized
that
2 Empty words and
phrases
bull methodologic
bull important
3 Long words or phrases
that could be short
4 Unnecessary jargon
and acronyms
5 Repetitive words or
phrases
6 Adverbs
bull very really quite
basically generally etc
Substitute damn every time
youre inclined to write very
your editor will delete it and the
writing will be just as it should
be(Mark Twain)
Active vs Passive voice
Passive voice (Was done)
bull For previous studies
bull Literature reviewActive voice (I We did)
bull For new exciting own results
bull Original research
Verbs make the World go round
Donrsquot turn verbs into
nouns
Donrsquot bury the
main verb
Writing Environment
bull MS Word
bull Developed for average
users
bull WYSIWYG
bull Auto references
bull Thesaurus
bull LaTeX
bull Developed for
profesionals
bull Requires learning the
syntax
bull Latex makes difficult
things easy and easy
things very difficult
bull Prefered by publishers
LaTeX
Tables and figures
Tables
bull Most journals use three
horizontal lines one
above the column
headings one below the
column headings and
one below the data
bull Follow journal guidelines
bull DO NOT copy-paste
result tables directly from
software
Figures
bull Visual impact
bull Show trends and patterns
bull Tell a quick story
bull Tell the whole story
bull Highlight a particular
result
bull Always provide caption
bull Use high resolution (1000
dpi BampW 300 dpi color)
Tables-Examples
Figures- Examples
Final draft check-list
bull Check for consistency
bull Check for numerical consistencybull Do the numbers in your abstract match the numbers in your
tablesfigurestext
bull Do the numbers in the text match those in the tablesfigures
bull Do the numbers in each tablefigure match those in other tablesfigures
bull Check your references style
bull Check your overall style
Submission information
bull Authorship
This can be a point of contention when
writing in groups so establish
expectations for roles and responsibilities
early in the writing process
bull Permissions and Approvals
bull permissions for reprinting copyrighted
material
bull Ethical Considerations
Plagiarism amp Self- plagiarism
bull Passing off other
peoplersquos writing (or
tables and figures) as
your own
bull cutting and pasting
sentences or even
phrases from another
source
bull slightly rewriting or re-
arranging othersrsquo
words
Recycling your own
writing or data
bull Copying or only
slightly rewriting text
from your own
published papers
bull Adding new data to
already published
data and presenting it
as new results
Submitting identical or overlapping data to multiple journals
Submission checklist
bull Keywords
bull JEL Codes
bull All figure captions
bull All tables (including title description)
bull Manuscript has been spell-checked and grammar-
checked
bull References are in the correct format for this journal
bull All references mentioned in the Reference list are cited
in the text and vice versa
bull Permission has been obtained for use of copyrighted
material from other sources (including the Web)
Cover letter
Put the puzzle together
LOGO
Thank You
Bibliography
bull Jaba E (2002) Statistica Editura Economică București
bull Day A amp Peters A D (1996) How to get research published in journals Aldershot
Gower
bull Academic Writing and Research Skills Workshop Mancester University
bull APA Research Style Crib Sheet by Professor Russ Dewey amp Dr Abel Scribe PhD -
Fall 2007
bull Writing Articles for Peer-Review Publications A Quick Reference Guide
bull Chin B (2004) How to write a great research paper John Wiley amp Sons
bull Pieter M Kroonenberg (2007)How to write an article Leiden University
bull Daniel P J Soule Lucy Whiteley and Shona McIntosh Writing for Scholarly
Journals eSharp
bull Stephen E Dew (2013)The 5 Step Essay Writing Process
bull Kristin Sainani Writing in the Sciences Stanford University
bull httpwebupaczasitefilesfile40753writing_an_academic_journal_articlepdf
bull Sebastian-Florian Enea Silvia Palașcă Claudiu Țigănaș (2013) G7 COUNTRIES ndash
ADVOCATES OF THE GLOBAL BUSINESS CYCLE GEBA 2013 Iași
bull Enea Sebastian (2013) EVALUATING GLOBALIZATION BY MEANS OF FUZZY
CLUSTER ANALYSIS IE Bucharest
bull Oxford Dictionary httpwwwoxforddictionariescom
Tips for writing the
Conclusions
bull Conclusions = the summing-up of an
argument or text
bull From the verb to conclude = to bring or
come to an end to sum up
Suggested structure
I
bull General assessment of the topic
bull Link to the purpose of the paper
II
bull Short and concise remarks regarding the findings
III
bull Contributions of the study
IV
bull Limitations of the research
bull Future research directions
GENERAL ASSESSMENT OF THE TOPIC amp
LINK TO THE PURPOSE OF THE PAPER
ldquoBoth globalization and business cycles are elusive economical
phenomena hence they represents a continuous research puzzle
for the academic community and an inexhaustible source of
possible inquiriesrdquo
ldquoThe main purpose of the research was to assess the business
cycle synchronization patterns inside the G7 in order to better
grasp the transformations that hellipldquo
SHORT AND CONCISE REMARKS
REGARDING THE FINDINGS
ldquoThe study has showed that in general hellip One of the
more important findings that emerge from the research
is fact that hellipThe second major finding is that hellip thus it
highlights the cases of hellip previously discussed It can
also be said that helliprdquo
CONTRIBUTIONS OF THE STUDY
ldquoThe contribution of the research founded on the
existence of resides in the explanation of and
also the Another implication of the present paper is
that it highlights the importance rdquo
ldquoThe novelty of the study is the use the ltlt X gtgt method
in order to study the helliprdquo
LIMITATIONS amp FUTURE RESEARCH
DIRECTIONS
ldquoThe future directions of study
will aim to enlarge the sample
and employ if possible
additional variables and
quarterly datardquo
ldquoThe limitations of the research
derive from therdquo
bull sample size
bull variables employed
bull types of data (annual
quarterly etc)
bull methods
bull time span
Connection with the future study
direction
Abstract
bull Summarizes the research and the conclusions
bull Is your advertisment = rdquoSellsrdquo your work
bull 50-300 words (200 typical length) (Refer to
author guidelines)
bull Stand-alone (NO references)
bull Indicates usefulness
bull Targets the audience
Writing the abstract-Long version
Originalityvalue
Research limitationsimplications
Findings
Designmethodologyapproach
Purpose
bullBased on the Emerald Structured Abstract
Writing the abstract-Short version
The Findings
The Arguments
The Purpose
Fancy title
bull Academic Titles Have Three Parts
bull (A) A catchy hook that introduces the
paper in a creative way
bull (B) Specific keywords that identify the
concepts the scholar will be exploring
bull (C) The location where those keywords
will be explored
bull 8-15 words
bull Main themeresearch topic research
design + population + geographical area
Fancy title- Examples
bull Globalization versus Segregation-Business Cycles
Synchronization in Europe
bull Is trade a vector of business cycles synchronization A
Fuzzy Cluster Approach of Globalization
bull Leaders and Followers in the Business Cycle Game A
Case Study of the G7
bull Hard or fuzzy clusters in assessing business cycle
transmission
bull The reverse alchemy of the business cycle
References section
In-text citations
All the cited
works compose
the Reference
List
Types of in-text citation
bull Varies from
Journal to Journal
bull Always check the
Authorrsquos
Guidelines
bull MS Office offers
APA
Harvard
Chicago
IEEE (reference order)
ISO 690 (Numerical
reference)
Includes only the
works cited in the
paper
Contains papers
read not
necessary cited
What makes good writing
Having something
to say
Logical thinking
A few simple
learnable rules of
style
Writing- Tips and tricks
Read pay attention and imitate
Talk about your research before trying to write about it
Stop waiting for ldquoinspirationrdquo
Revise Nobody gets it perfect on the first try
Learn how to cut ruthlessly Never become too attached to your words
Drop the balast
bull 1 Cut unnecessary words and phrases
bull 2 Write with verbs use strong verbs
avoid turning verbs into nouns and donrsquot
bury the main verb
The BAD Writing Contest
bull The move from a structuralist account in which capital is
understood to structure social relations in relatively homologous
ways to a view of hegemony in which power relations are subject to
repetition convergence and rearticulation brought the question of
temporality into the thinking of structure and marked a shift from a
form of Althusserian theory that takes structural totalities as
theoretical objects to one in which the insights into the contingent
possibility of structure inaugurate a renewed conception of
hegemony as bound up with the contingent sites and strategies of
the rearticulation of power
bull Butlerrsquos Diacritics (1997)
Balast to drop-Examples
1 Dead weight words and
phrases
bull As it is well known
bull As it has been shown
bull It can be regarded that
bull It should be emphasized
that
2 Empty words and
phrases
bull methodologic
bull important
3 Long words or phrases
that could be short
4 Unnecessary jargon
and acronyms
5 Repetitive words or
phrases
6 Adverbs
bull very really quite
basically generally etc
Substitute damn every time
youre inclined to write very
your editor will delete it and the
writing will be just as it should
be(Mark Twain)
Active vs Passive voice
Passive voice (Was done)
bull For previous studies
bull Literature reviewActive voice (I We did)
bull For new exciting own results
bull Original research
Verbs make the World go round
Donrsquot turn verbs into
nouns
Donrsquot bury the
main verb
Writing Environment
bull MS Word
bull Developed for average
users
bull WYSIWYG
bull Auto references
bull Thesaurus
bull LaTeX
bull Developed for
profesionals
bull Requires learning the
syntax
bull Latex makes difficult
things easy and easy
things very difficult
bull Prefered by publishers
LaTeX
Tables and figures
Tables
bull Most journals use three
horizontal lines one
above the column
headings one below the
column headings and
one below the data
bull Follow journal guidelines
bull DO NOT copy-paste
result tables directly from
software
Figures
bull Visual impact
bull Show trends and patterns
bull Tell a quick story
bull Tell the whole story
bull Highlight a particular
result
bull Always provide caption
bull Use high resolution (1000
dpi BampW 300 dpi color)
Tables-Examples
Figures- Examples
Final draft check-list
bull Check for consistency
bull Check for numerical consistencybull Do the numbers in your abstract match the numbers in your
tablesfigurestext
bull Do the numbers in the text match those in the tablesfigures
bull Do the numbers in each tablefigure match those in other tablesfigures
bull Check your references style
bull Check your overall style
Submission information
bull Authorship
This can be a point of contention when
writing in groups so establish
expectations for roles and responsibilities
early in the writing process
bull Permissions and Approvals
bull permissions for reprinting copyrighted
material
bull Ethical Considerations
Plagiarism amp Self- plagiarism
bull Passing off other
peoplersquos writing (or
tables and figures) as
your own
bull cutting and pasting
sentences or even
phrases from another
source
bull slightly rewriting or re-
arranging othersrsquo
words
Recycling your own
writing or data
bull Copying or only
slightly rewriting text
from your own
published papers
bull Adding new data to
already published
data and presenting it
as new results
Submitting identical or overlapping data to multiple journals
Submission checklist
bull Keywords
bull JEL Codes
bull All figure captions
bull All tables (including title description)
bull Manuscript has been spell-checked and grammar-
checked
bull References are in the correct format for this journal
bull All references mentioned in the Reference list are cited
in the text and vice versa
bull Permission has been obtained for use of copyrighted
material from other sources (including the Web)
Cover letter
Put the puzzle together
LOGO
Thank You
Bibliography
bull Jaba E (2002) Statistica Editura Economică București
bull Day A amp Peters A D (1996) How to get research published in journals Aldershot
Gower
bull Academic Writing and Research Skills Workshop Mancester University
bull APA Research Style Crib Sheet by Professor Russ Dewey amp Dr Abel Scribe PhD -
Fall 2007
bull Writing Articles for Peer-Review Publications A Quick Reference Guide
bull Chin B (2004) How to write a great research paper John Wiley amp Sons
bull Pieter M Kroonenberg (2007)How to write an article Leiden University
bull Daniel P J Soule Lucy Whiteley and Shona McIntosh Writing for Scholarly
Journals eSharp
bull Stephen E Dew (2013)The 5 Step Essay Writing Process
bull Kristin Sainani Writing in the Sciences Stanford University
bull httpwebupaczasitefilesfile40753writing_an_academic_journal_articlepdf
bull Sebastian-Florian Enea Silvia Palașcă Claudiu Țigănaș (2013) G7 COUNTRIES ndash
ADVOCATES OF THE GLOBAL BUSINESS CYCLE GEBA 2013 Iași
bull Enea Sebastian (2013) EVALUATING GLOBALIZATION BY MEANS OF FUZZY
CLUSTER ANALYSIS IE Bucharest
bull Oxford Dictionary httpwwwoxforddictionariescom
Suggested structure
I
bull General assessment of the topic
bull Link to the purpose of the paper
II
bull Short and concise remarks regarding the findings
III
bull Contributions of the study
IV
bull Limitations of the research
bull Future research directions
GENERAL ASSESSMENT OF THE TOPIC amp
LINK TO THE PURPOSE OF THE PAPER
ldquoBoth globalization and business cycles are elusive economical
phenomena hence they represents a continuous research puzzle
for the academic community and an inexhaustible source of
possible inquiriesrdquo
ldquoThe main purpose of the research was to assess the business
cycle synchronization patterns inside the G7 in order to better
grasp the transformations that hellipldquo
SHORT AND CONCISE REMARKS
REGARDING THE FINDINGS
ldquoThe study has showed that in general hellip One of the
more important findings that emerge from the research
is fact that hellipThe second major finding is that hellip thus it
highlights the cases of hellip previously discussed It can
also be said that helliprdquo
CONTRIBUTIONS OF THE STUDY
ldquoThe contribution of the research founded on the
existence of resides in the explanation of and
also the Another implication of the present paper is
that it highlights the importance rdquo
ldquoThe novelty of the study is the use the ltlt X gtgt method
in order to study the helliprdquo
LIMITATIONS amp FUTURE RESEARCH
DIRECTIONS
ldquoThe future directions of study
will aim to enlarge the sample
and employ if possible
additional variables and
quarterly datardquo
ldquoThe limitations of the research
derive from therdquo
bull sample size
bull variables employed
bull types of data (annual
quarterly etc)
bull methods
bull time span
Connection with the future study
direction
Abstract
bull Summarizes the research and the conclusions
bull Is your advertisment = rdquoSellsrdquo your work
bull 50-300 words (200 typical length) (Refer to
author guidelines)
bull Stand-alone (NO references)
bull Indicates usefulness
bull Targets the audience
Writing the abstract-Long version
Originalityvalue
Research limitationsimplications
Findings
Designmethodologyapproach
Purpose
bullBased on the Emerald Structured Abstract
Writing the abstract-Short version
The Findings
The Arguments
The Purpose
Fancy title
bull Academic Titles Have Three Parts
bull (A) A catchy hook that introduces the
paper in a creative way
bull (B) Specific keywords that identify the
concepts the scholar will be exploring
bull (C) The location where those keywords
will be explored
bull 8-15 words
bull Main themeresearch topic research
design + population + geographical area
Fancy title- Examples
bull Globalization versus Segregation-Business Cycles
Synchronization in Europe
bull Is trade a vector of business cycles synchronization A
Fuzzy Cluster Approach of Globalization
bull Leaders and Followers in the Business Cycle Game A
Case Study of the G7
bull Hard or fuzzy clusters in assessing business cycle
transmission
bull The reverse alchemy of the business cycle
References section
In-text citations
All the cited
works compose
the Reference
List
Types of in-text citation
bull Varies from
Journal to Journal
bull Always check the
Authorrsquos
Guidelines
bull MS Office offers
APA
Harvard
Chicago
IEEE (reference order)
ISO 690 (Numerical
reference)
Includes only the
works cited in the
paper
Contains papers
read not
necessary cited
What makes good writing
Having something
to say
Logical thinking
A few simple
learnable rules of
style
Writing- Tips and tricks
Read pay attention and imitate
Talk about your research before trying to write about it
Stop waiting for ldquoinspirationrdquo
Revise Nobody gets it perfect on the first try
Learn how to cut ruthlessly Never become too attached to your words
Drop the balast
bull 1 Cut unnecessary words and phrases
bull 2 Write with verbs use strong verbs
avoid turning verbs into nouns and donrsquot
bury the main verb
The BAD Writing Contest
bull The move from a structuralist account in which capital is
understood to structure social relations in relatively homologous
ways to a view of hegemony in which power relations are subject to
repetition convergence and rearticulation brought the question of
temporality into the thinking of structure and marked a shift from a
form of Althusserian theory that takes structural totalities as
theoretical objects to one in which the insights into the contingent
possibility of structure inaugurate a renewed conception of
hegemony as bound up with the contingent sites and strategies of
the rearticulation of power
bull Butlerrsquos Diacritics (1997)
Balast to drop-Examples
1 Dead weight words and
phrases
bull As it is well known
bull As it has been shown
bull It can be regarded that
bull It should be emphasized
that
2 Empty words and
phrases
bull methodologic
bull important
3 Long words or phrases
that could be short
4 Unnecessary jargon
and acronyms
5 Repetitive words or
phrases
6 Adverbs
bull very really quite
basically generally etc
Substitute damn every time
youre inclined to write very
your editor will delete it and the
writing will be just as it should
be(Mark Twain)
Active vs Passive voice
Passive voice (Was done)
bull For previous studies
bull Literature reviewActive voice (I We did)
bull For new exciting own results
bull Original research
Verbs make the World go round
Donrsquot turn verbs into
nouns
Donrsquot bury the
main verb
Writing Environment
bull MS Word
bull Developed for average
users
bull WYSIWYG
bull Auto references
bull Thesaurus
bull LaTeX
bull Developed for
profesionals
bull Requires learning the
syntax
bull Latex makes difficult
things easy and easy
things very difficult
bull Prefered by publishers
LaTeX
Tables and figures
Tables
bull Most journals use three
horizontal lines one
above the column
headings one below the
column headings and
one below the data
bull Follow journal guidelines
bull DO NOT copy-paste
result tables directly from
software
Figures
bull Visual impact
bull Show trends and patterns
bull Tell a quick story
bull Tell the whole story
bull Highlight a particular
result
bull Always provide caption
bull Use high resolution (1000
dpi BampW 300 dpi color)
Tables-Examples
Figures- Examples
Final draft check-list
bull Check for consistency
bull Check for numerical consistencybull Do the numbers in your abstract match the numbers in your
tablesfigurestext
bull Do the numbers in the text match those in the tablesfigures
bull Do the numbers in each tablefigure match those in other tablesfigures
bull Check your references style
bull Check your overall style
Submission information
bull Authorship
This can be a point of contention when
writing in groups so establish
expectations for roles and responsibilities
early in the writing process
bull Permissions and Approvals
bull permissions for reprinting copyrighted
material
bull Ethical Considerations
Plagiarism amp Self- plagiarism
bull Passing off other
peoplersquos writing (or
tables and figures) as
your own
bull cutting and pasting
sentences or even
phrases from another
source
bull slightly rewriting or re-
arranging othersrsquo
words
Recycling your own
writing or data
bull Copying or only
slightly rewriting text
from your own
published papers
bull Adding new data to
already published
data and presenting it
as new results
Submitting identical or overlapping data to multiple journals
Submission checklist
bull Keywords
bull JEL Codes
bull All figure captions
bull All tables (including title description)
bull Manuscript has been spell-checked and grammar-
checked
bull References are in the correct format for this journal
bull All references mentioned in the Reference list are cited
in the text and vice versa
bull Permission has been obtained for use of copyrighted
material from other sources (including the Web)
Cover letter
Put the puzzle together
LOGO
Thank You
Bibliography
bull Jaba E (2002) Statistica Editura Economică București
bull Day A amp Peters A D (1996) How to get research published in journals Aldershot
Gower
bull Academic Writing and Research Skills Workshop Mancester University
bull APA Research Style Crib Sheet by Professor Russ Dewey amp Dr Abel Scribe PhD -
Fall 2007
bull Writing Articles for Peer-Review Publications A Quick Reference Guide
bull Chin B (2004) How to write a great research paper John Wiley amp Sons
bull Pieter M Kroonenberg (2007)How to write an article Leiden University
bull Daniel P J Soule Lucy Whiteley and Shona McIntosh Writing for Scholarly
Journals eSharp
bull Stephen E Dew (2013)The 5 Step Essay Writing Process
bull Kristin Sainani Writing in the Sciences Stanford University
bull httpwebupaczasitefilesfile40753writing_an_academic_journal_articlepdf
bull Sebastian-Florian Enea Silvia Palașcă Claudiu Țigănaș (2013) G7 COUNTRIES ndash
ADVOCATES OF THE GLOBAL BUSINESS CYCLE GEBA 2013 Iași
bull Enea Sebastian (2013) EVALUATING GLOBALIZATION BY MEANS OF FUZZY
CLUSTER ANALYSIS IE Bucharest
bull Oxford Dictionary httpwwwoxforddictionariescom
GENERAL ASSESSMENT OF THE TOPIC amp
LINK TO THE PURPOSE OF THE PAPER
ldquoBoth globalization and business cycles are elusive economical
phenomena hence they represents a continuous research puzzle
for the academic community and an inexhaustible source of
possible inquiriesrdquo
ldquoThe main purpose of the research was to assess the business
cycle synchronization patterns inside the G7 in order to better
grasp the transformations that hellipldquo
SHORT AND CONCISE REMARKS
REGARDING THE FINDINGS
ldquoThe study has showed that in general hellip One of the
more important findings that emerge from the research
is fact that hellipThe second major finding is that hellip thus it
highlights the cases of hellip previously discussed It can
also be said that helliprdquo
CONTRIBUTIONS OF THE STUDY
ldquoThe contribution of the research founded on the
existence of resides in the explanation of and
also the Another implication of the present paper is
that it highlights the importance rdquo
ldquoThe novelty of the study is the use the ltlt X gtgt method
in order to study the helliprdquo
LIMITATIONS amp FUTURE RESEARCH
DIRECTIONS
ldquoThe future directions of study
will aim to enlarge the sample
and employ if possible
additional variables and
quarterly datardquo
ldquoThe limitations of the research
derive from therdquo
bull sample size
bull variables employed
bull types of data (annual
quarterly etc)
bull methods
bull time span
Connection with the future study
direction
Abstract
bull Summarizes the research and the conclusions
bull Is your advertisment = rdquoSellsrdquo your work
bull 50-300 words (200 typical length) (Refer to
author guidelines)
bull Stand-alone (NO references)
bull Indicates usefulness
bull Targets the audience
Writing the abstract-Long version
Originalityvalue
Research limitationsimplications
Findings
Designmethodologyapproach
Purpose
bullBased on the Emerald Structured Abstract
Writing the abstract-Short version
The Findings
The Arguments
The Purpose
Fancy title
bull Academic Titles Have Three Parts
bull (A) A catchy hook that introduces the
paper in a creative way
bull (B) Specific keywords that identify the
concepts the scholar will be exploring
bull (C) The location where those keywords
will be explored
bull 8-15 words
bull Main themeresearch topic research
design + population + geographical area
Fancy title- Examples
bull Globalization versus Segregation-Business Cycles
Synchronization in Europe
bull Is trade a vector of business cycles synchronization A
Fuzzy Cluster Approach of Globalization
bull Leaders and Followers in the Business Cycle Game A
Case Study of the G7
bull Hard or fuzzy clusters in assessing business cycle
transmission
bull The reverse alchemy of the business cycle
References section
In-text citations
All the cited
works compose
the Reference
List
Types of in-text citation
bull Varies from
Journal to Journal
bull Always check the
Authorrsquos
Guidelines
bull MS Office offers
APA
Harvard
Chicago
IEEE (reference order)
ISO 690 (Numerical
reference)
Includes only the
works cited in the
paper
Contains papers
read not
necessary cited
What makes good writing
Having something
to say
Logical thinking
A few simple
learnable rules of
style
Writing- Tips and tricks
Read pay attention and imitate
Talk about your research before trying to write about it
Stop waiting for ldquoinspirationrdquo
Revise Nobody gets it perfect on the first try
Learn how to cut ruthlessly Never become too attached to your words
Drop the balast
bull 1 Cut unnecessary words and phrases
bull 2 Write with verbs use strong verbs
avoid turning verbs into nouns and donrsquot
bury the main verb
The BAD Writing Contest
bull The move from a structuralist account in which capital is
understood to structure social relations in relatively homologous
ways to a view of hegemony in which power relations are subject to
repetition convergence and rearticulation brought the question of
temporality into the thinking of structure and marked a shift from a
form of Althusserian theory that takes structural totalities as
theoretical objects to one in which the insights into the contingent
possibility of structure inaugurate a renewed conception of
hegemony as bound up with the contingent sites and strategies of
the rearticulation of power
bull Butlerrsquos Diacritics (1997)
Balast to drop-Examples
1 Dead weight words and
phrases
bull As it is well known
bull As it has been shown
bull It can be regarded that
bull It should be emphasized
that
2 Empty words and
phrases
bull methodologic
bull important
3 Long words or phrases
that could be short
4 Unnecessary jargon
and acronyms
5 Repetitive words or
phrases
6 Adverbs
bull very really quite
basically generally etc
Substitute damn every time
youre inclined to write very
your editor will delete it and the
writing will be just as it should
be(Mark Twain)
Active vs Passive voice
Passive voice (Was done)
bull For previous studies
bull Literature reviewActive voice (I We did)
bull For new exciting own results
bull Original research
Verbs make the World go round
Donrsquot turn verbs into
nouns
Donrsquot bury the
main verb
Writing Environment
bull MS Word
bull Developed for average
users
bull WYSIWYG
bull Auto references
bull Thesaurus
bull LaTeX
bull Developed for
profesionals
bull Requires learning the
syntax
bull Latex makes difficult
things easy and easy
things very difficult
bull Prefered by publishers
LaTeX
Tables and figures
Tables
bull Most journals use three
horizontal lines one
above the column
headings one below the
column headings and
one below the data
bull Follow journal guidelines
bull DO NOT copy-paste
result tables directly from
software
Figures
bull Visual impact
bull Show trends and patterns
bull Tell a quick story
bull Tell the whole story
bull Highlight a particular
result
bull Always provide caption
bull Use high resolution (1000
dpi BampW 300 dpi color)
Tables-Examples
Figures- Examples
Final draft check-list
bull Check for consistency
bull Check for numerical consistencybull Do the numbers in your abstract match the numbers in your
tablesfigurestext
bull Do the numbers in the text match those in the tablesfigures
bull Do the numbers in each tablefigure match those in other tablesfigures
bull Check your references style
bull Check your overall style
Submission information
bull Authorship
This can be a point of contention when
writing in groups so establish
expectations for roles and responsibilities
early in the writing process
bull Permissions and Approvals
bull permissions for reprinting copyrighted
material
bull Ethical Considerations
Plagiarism amp Self- plagiarism
bull Passing off other
peoplersquos writing (or
tables and figures) as
your own
bull cutting and pasting
sentences or even
phrases from another
source
bull slightly rewriting or re-
arranging othersrsquo
words
Recycling your own
writing or data
bull Copying or only
slightly rewriting text
from your own
published papers
bull Adding new data to
already published
data and presenting it
as new results
Submitting identical or overlapping data to multiple journals
Submission checklist
bull Keywords
bull JEL Codes
bull All figure captions
bull All tables (including title description)
bull Manuscript has been spell-checked and grammar-
checked
bull References are in the correct format for this journal
bull All references mentioned in the Reference list are cited
in the text and vice versa
bull Permission has been obtained for use of copyrighted
material from other sources (including the Web)
Cover letter
Put the puzzle together
LOGO
Thank You
Bibliography
bull Jaba E (2002) Statistica Editura Economică București
bull Day A amp Peters A D (1996) How to get research published in journals Aldershot
Gower
bull Academic Writing and Research Skills Workshop Mancester University
bull APA Research Style Crib Sheet by Professor Russ Dewey amp Dr Abel Scribe PhD -
Fall 2007
bull Writing Articles for Peer-Review Publications A Quick Reference Guide
bull Chin B (2004) How to write a great research paper John Wiley amp Sons
bull Pieter M Kroonenberg (2007)How to write an article Leiden University
bull Daniel P J Soule Lucy Whiteley and Shona McIntosh Writing for Scholarly
Journals eSharp
bull Stephen E Dew (2013)The 5 Step Essay Writing Process
bull Kristin Sainani Writing in the Sciences Stanford University
bull httpwebupaczasitefilesfile40753writing_an_academic_journal_articlepdf
bull Sebastian-Florian Enea Silvia Palașcă Claudiu Țigănaș (2013) G7 COUNTRIES ndash
ADVOCATES OF THE GLOBAL BUSINESS CYCLE GEBA 2013 Iași
bull Enea Sebastian (2013) EVALUATING GLOBALIZATION BY MEANS OF FUZZY
CLUSTER ANALYSIS IE Bucharest
bull Oxford Dictionary httpwwwoxforddictionariescom
SHORT AND CONCISE REMARKS
REGARDING THE FINDINGS
ldquoThe study has showed that in general hellip One of the
more important findings that emerge from the research
is fact that hellipThe second major finding is that hellip thus it
highlights the cases of hellip previously discussed It can
also be said that helliprdquo
CONTRIBUTIONS OF THE STUDY
ldquoThe contribution of the research founded on the
existence of resides in the explanation of and
also the Another implication of the present paper is
that it highlights the importance rdquo
ldquoThe novelty of the study is the use the ltlt X gtgt method
in order to study the helliprdquo
LIMITATIONS amp FUTURE RESEARCH
DIRECTIONS
ldquoThe future directions of study
will aim to enlarge the sample
and employ if possible
additional variables and
quarterly datardquo
ldquoThe limitations of the research
derive from therdquo
bull sample size
bull variables employed
bull types of data (annual
quarterly etc)
bull methods
bull time span
Connection with the future study
direction
Abstract
bull Summarizes the research and the conclusions
bull Is your advertisment = rdquoSellsrdquo your work
bull 50-300 words (200 typical length) (Refer to
author guidelines)
bull Stand-alone (NO references)
bull Indicates usefulness
bull Targets the audience
Writing the abstract-Long version
Originalityvalue
Research limitationsimplications
Findings
Designmethodologyapproach
Purpose
bullBased on the Emerald Structured Abstract
Writing the abstract-Short version
The Findings
The Arguments
The Purpose
Fancy title
bull Academic Titles Have Three Parts
bull (A) A catchy hook that introduces the
paper in a creative way
bull (B) Specific keywords that identify the
concepts the scholar will be exploring
bull (C) The location where those keywords
will be explored
bull 8-15 words
bull Main themeresearch topic research
design + population + geographical area
Fancy title- Examples
bull Globalization versus Segregation-Business Cycles
Synchronization in Europe
bull Is trade a vector of business cycles synchronization A
Fuzzy Cluster Approach of Globalization
bull Leaders and Followers in the Business Cycle Game A
Case Study of the G7
bull Hard or fuzzy clusters in assessing business cycle
transmission
bull The reverse alchemy of the business cycle
References section
In-text citations
All the cited
works compose
the Reference
List
Types of in-text citation
bull Varies from
Journal to Journal
bull Always check the
Authorrsquos
Guidelines
bull MS Office offers
APA
Harvard
Chicago
IEEE (reference order)
ISO 690 (Numerical
reference)
Includes only the
works cited in the
paper
Contains papers
read not
necessary cited
What makes good writing
Having something
to say
Logical thinking
A few simple
learnable rules of
style
Writing- Tips and tricks
Read pay attention and imitate
Talk about your research before trying to write about it
Stop waiting for ldquoinspirationrdquo
Revise Nobody gets it perfect on the first try
Learn how to cut ruthlessly Never become too attached to your words
Drop the balast
bull 1 Cut unnecessary words and phrases
bull 2 Write with verbs use strong verbs
avoid turning verbs into nouns and donrsquot
bury the main verb
The BAD Writing Contest
bull The move from a structuralist account in which capital is
understood to structure social relations in relatively homologous
ways to a view of hegemony in which power relations are subject to
repetition convergence and rearticulation brought the question of
temporality into the thinking of structure and marked a shift from a
form of Althusserian theory that takes structural totalities as
theoretical objects to one in which the insights into the contingent
possibility of structure inaugurate a renewed conception of
hegemony as bound up with the contingent sites and strategies of
the rearticulation of power
bull Butlerrsquos Diacritics (1997)
Balast to drop-Examples
1 Dead weight words and
phrases
bull As it is well known
bull As it has been shown
bull It can be regarded that
bull It should be emphasized
that
2 Empty words and
phrases
bull methodologic
bull important
3 Long words or phrases
that could be short
4 Unnecessary jargon
and acronyms
5 Repetitive words or
phrases
6 Adverbs
bull very really quite
basically generally etc
Substitute damn every time
youre inclined to write very
your editor will delete it and the
writing will be just as it should
be(Mark Twain)
Active vs Passive voice
Passive voice (Was done)
bull For previous studies
bull Literature reviewActive voice (I We did)
bull For new exciting own results
bull Original research
Verbs make the World go round
Donrsquot turn verbs into
nouns
Donrsquot bury the
main verb
Writing Environment
bull MS Word
bull Developed for average
users
bull WYSIWYG
bull Auto references
bull Thesaurus
bull LaTeX
bull Developed for
profesionals
bull Requires learning the
syntax
bull Latex makes difficult
things easy and easy
things very difficult
bull Prefered by publishers
LaTeX
Tables and figures
Tables
bull Most journals use three
horizontal lines one
above the column
headings one below the
column headings and
one below the data
bull Follow journal guidelines
bull DO NOT copy-paste
result tables directly from
software
Figures
bull Visual impact
bull Show trends and patterns
bull Tell a quick story
bull Tell the whole story
bull Highlight a particular
result
bull Always provide caption
bull Use high resolution (1000
dpi BampW 300 dpi color)
Tables-Examples
Figures- Examples
Final draft check-list
bull Check for consistency
bull Check for numerical consistencybull Do the numbers in your abstract match the numbers in your
tablesfigurestext
bull Do the numbers in the text match those in the tablesfigures
bull Do the numbers in each tablefigure match those in other tablesfigures
bull Check your references style
bull Check your overall style
Submission information
bull Authorship
This can be a point of contention when
writing in groups so establish
expectations for roles and responsibilities
early in the writing process
bull Permissions and Approvals
bull permissions for reprinting copyrighted
material
bull Ethical Considerations
Plagiarism amp Self- plagiarism
bull Passing off other
peoplersquos writing (or
tables and figures) as
your own
bull cutting and pasting
sentences or even
phrases from another
source
bull slightly rewriting or re-
arranging othersrsquo
words
Recycling your own
writing or data
bull Copying or only
slightly rewriting text
from your own
published papers
bull Adding new data to
already published
data and presenting it
as new results
Submitting identical or overlapping data to multiple journals
Submission checklist
bull Keywords
bull JEL Codes
bull All figure captions
bull All tables (including title description)
bull Manuscript has been spell-checked and grammar-
checked
bull References are in the correct format for this journal
bull All references mentioned in the Reference list are cited
in the text and vice versa
bull Permission has been obtained for use of copyrighted
material from other sources (including the Web)
Cover letter
Put the puzzle together
LOGO
Thank You
Bibliography
bull Jaba E (2002) Statistica Editura Economică București
bull Day A amp Peters A D (1996) How to get research published in journals Aldershot
Gower
bull Academic Writing and Research Skills Workshop Mancester University
bull APA Research Style Crib Sheet by Professor Russ Dewey amp Dr Abel Scribe PhD -
Fall 2007
bull Writing Articles for Peer-Review Publications A Quick Reference Guide
bull Chin B (2004) How to write a great research paper John Wiley amp Sons
bull Pieter M Kroonenberg (2007)How to write an article Leiden University
bull Daniel P J Soule Lucy Whiteley and Shona McIntosh Writing for Scholarly
Journals eSharp
bull Stephen E Dew (2013)The 5 Step Essay Writing Process
bull Kristin Sainani Writing in the Sciences Stanford University
bull httpwebupaczasitefilesfile40753writing_an_academic_journal_articlepdf
bull Sebastian-Florian Enea Silvia Palașcă Claudiu Țigănaș (2013) G7 COUNTRIES ndash
ADVOCATES OF THE GLOBAL BUSINESS CYCLE GEBA 2013 Iași
bull Enea Sebastian (2013) EVALUATING GLOBALIZATION BY MEANS OF FUZZY
CLUSTER ANALYSIS IE Bucharest
bull Oxford Dictionary httpwwwoxforddictionariescom
CONTRIBUTIONS OF THE STUDY
ldquoThe contribution of the research founded on the
existence of resides in the explanation of and
also the Another implication of the present paper is
that it highlights the importance rdquo
ldquoThe novelty of the study is the use the ltlt X gtgt method
in order to study the helliprdquo
LIMITATIONS amp FUTURE RESEARCH
DIRECTIONS
ldquoThe future directions of study
will aim to enlarge the sample
and employ if possible
additional variables and
quarterly datardquo
ldquoThe limitations of the research
derive from therdquo
bull sample size
bull variables employed
bull types of data (annual
quarterly etc)
bull methods
bull time span
Connection with the future study
direction
Abstract
bull Summarizes the research and the conclusions
bull Is your advertisment = rdquoSellsrdquo your work
bull 50-300 words (200 typical length) (Refer to
author guidelines)
bull Stand-alone (NO references)
bull Indicates usefulness
bull Targets the audience
Writing the abstract-Long version
Originalityvalue
Research limitationsimplications
Findings
Designmethodologyapproach
Purpose
bullBased on the Emerald Structured Abstract
Writing the abstract-Short version
The Findings
The Arguments
The Purpose
Fancy title
bull Academic Titles Have Three Parts
bull (A) A catchy hook that introduces the
paper in a creative way
bull (B) Specific keywords that identify the
concepts the scholar will be exploring
bull (C) The location where those keywords
will be explored
bull 8-15 words
bull Main themeresearch topic research
design + population + geographical area
Fancy title- Examples
bull Globalization versus Segregation-Business Cycles
Synchronization in Europe
bull Is trade a vector of business cycles synchronization A
Fuzzy Cluster Approach of Globalization
bull Leaders and Followers in the Business Cycle Game A
Case Study of the G7
bull Hard or fuzzy clusters in assessing business cycle
transmission
bull The reverse alchemy of the business cycle
References section
In-text citations
All the cited
works compose
the Reference
List
Types of in-text citation
bull Varies from
Journal to Journal
bull Always check the
Authorrsquos
Guidelines
bull MS Office offers
APA
Harvard
Chicago
IEEE (reference order)
ISO 690 (Numerical
reference)
Includes only the
works cited in the
paper
Contains papers
read not
necessary cited
What makes good writing
Having something
to say
Logical thinking
A few simple
learnable rules of
style
Writing- Tips and tricks
Read pay attention and imitate
Talk about your research before trying to write about it
Stop waiting for ldquoinspirationrdquo
Revise Nobody gets it perfect on the first try
Learn how to cut ruthlessly Never become too attached to your words
Drop the balast
bull 1 Cut unnecessary words and phrases
bull 2 Write with verbs use strong verbs
avoid turning verbs into nouns and donrsquot
bury the main verb
The BAD Writing Contest
bull The move from a structuralist account in which capital is
understood to structure social relations in relatively homologous
ways to a view of hegemony in which power relations are subject to
repetition convergence and rearticulation brought the question of
temporality into the thinking of structure and marked a shift from a
form of Althusserian theory that takes structural totalities as
theoretical objects to one in which the insights into the contingent
possibility of structure inaugurate a renewed conception of
hegemony as bound up with the contingent sites and strategies of
the rearticulation of power
bull Butlerrsquos Diacritics (1997)
Balast to drop-Examples
1 Dead weight words and
phrases
bull As it is well known
bull As it has been shown
bull It can be regarded that
bull It should be emphasized
that
2 Empty words and
phrases
bull methodologic
bull important
3 Long words or phrases
that could be short
4 Unnecessary jargon
and acronyms
5 Repetitive words or
phrases
6 Adverbs
bull very really quite
basically generally etc
Substitute damn every time
youre inclined to write very
your editor will delete it and the
writing will be just as it should
be(Mark Twain)
Active vs Passive voice
Passive voice (Was done)
bull For previous studies
bull Literature reviewActive voice (I We did)
bull For new exciting own results
bull Original research
Verbs make the World go round
Donrsquot turn verbs into
nouns
Donrsquot bury the
main verb
Writing Environment
bull MS Word
bull Developed for average
users
bull WYSIWYG
bull Auto references
bull Thesaurus
bull LaTeX
bull Developed for
profesionals
bull Requires learning the
syntax
bull Latex makes difficult
things easy and easy
things very difficult
bull Prefered by publishers
LaTeX
Tables and figures
Tables
bull Most journals use three
horizontal lines one
above the column
headings one below the
column headings and
one below the data
bull Follow journal guidelines
bull DO NOT copy-paste
result tables directly from
software
Figures
bull Visual impact
bull Show trends and patterns
bull Tell a quick story
bull Tell the whole story
bull Highlight a particular
result
bull Always provide caption
bull Use high resolution (1000
dpi BampW 300 dpi color)
Tables-Examples
Figures- Examples
Final draft check-list
bull Check for consistency
bull Check for numerical consistencybull Do the numbers in your abstract match the numbers in your
tablesfigurestext
bull Do the numbers in the text match those in the tablesfigures
bull Do the numbers in each tablefigure match those in other tablesfigures
bull Check your references style
bull Check your overall style
Submission information
bull Authorship
This can be a point of contention when
writing in groups so establish
expectations for roles and responsibilities
early in the writing process
bull Permissions and Approvals
bull permissions for reprinting copyrighted
material
bull Ethical Considerations
Plagiarism amp Self- plagiarism
bull Passing off other
peoplersquos writing (or
tables and figures) as
your own
bull cutting and pasting
sentences or even
phrases from another
source
bull slightly rewriting or re-
arranging othersrsquo
words
Recycling your own
writing or data
bull Copying or only
slightly rewriting text
from your own
published papers
bull Adding new data to
already published
data and presenting it
as new results
Submitting identical or overlapping data to multiple journals
Submission checklist
bull Keywords
bull JEL Codes
bull All figure captions
bull All tables (including title description)
bull Manuscript has been spell-checked and grammar-
checked
bull References are in the correct format for this journal
bull All references mentioned in the Reference list are cited
in the text and vice versa
bull Permission has been obtained for use of copyrighted
material from other sources (including the Web)
Cover letter
Put the puzzle together
LOGO
Thank You
Bibliography
bull Jaba E (2002) Statistica Editura Economică București
bull Day A amp Peters A D (1996) How to get research published in journals Aldershot
Gower
bull Academic Writing and Research Skills Workshop Mancester University
bull APA Research Style Crib Sheet by Professor Russ Dewey amp Dr Abel Scribe PhD -
Fall 2007
bull Writing Articles for Peer-Review Publications A Quick Reference Guide
bull Chin B (2004) How to write a great research paper John Wiley amp Sons
bull Pieter M Kroonenberg (2007)How to write an article Leiden University
bull Daniel P J Soule Lucy Whiteley and Shona McIntosh Writing for Scholarly
Journals eSharp
bull Stephen E Dew (2013)The 5 Step Essay Writing Process
bull Kristin Sainani Writing in the Sciences Stanford University
bull httpwebupaczasitefilesfile40753writing_an_academic_journal_articlepdf
bull Sebastian-Florian Enea Silvia Palașcă Claudiu Țigănaș (2013) G7 COUNTRIES ndash
ADVOCATES OF THE GLOBAL BUSINESS CYCLE GEBA 2013 Iași
bull Enea Sebastian (2013) EVALUATING GLOBALIZATION BY MEANS OF FUZZY
CLUSTER ANALYSIS IE Bucharest
bull Oxford Dictionary httpwwwoxforddictionariescom
LIMITATIONS amp FUTURE RESEARCH
DIRECTIONS
ldquoThe future directions of study
will aim to enlarge the sample
and employ if possible
additional variables and
quarterly datardquo
ldquoThe limitations of the research
derive from therdquo
bull sample size
bull variables employed
bull types of data (annual
quarterly etc)
bull methods
bull time span
Connection with the future study
direction
Abstract
bull Summarizes the research and the conclusions
bull Is your advertisment = rdquoSellsrdquo your work
bull 50-300 words (200 typical length) (Refer to
author guidelines)
bull Stand-alone (NO references)
bull Indicates usefulness
bull Targets the audience
Writing the abstract-Long version
Originalityvalue
Research limitationsimplications
Findings
Designmethodologyapproach
Purpose
bullBased on the Emerald Structured Abstract
Writing the abstract-Short version
The Findings
The Arguments
The Purpose
Fancy title
bull Academic Titles Have Three Parts
bull (A) A catchy hook that introduces the
paper in a creative way
bull (B) Specific keywords that identify the
concepts the scholar will be exploring
bull (C) The location where those keywords
will be explored
bull 8-15 words
bull Main themeresearch topic research
design + population + geographical area
Fancy title- Examples
bull Globalization versus Segregation-Business Cycles
Synchronization in Europe
bull Is trade a vector of business cycles synchronization A
Fuzzy Cluster Approach of Globalization
bull Leaders and Followers in the Business Cycle Game A
Case Study of the G7
bull Hard or fuzzy clusters in assessing business cycle
transmission
bull The reverse alchemy of the business cycle
References section
In-text citations
All the cited
works compose
the Reference
List
Types of in-text citation
bull Varies from
Journal to Journal
bull Always check the
Authorrsquos
Guidelines
bull MS Office offers
APA
Harvard
Chicago
IEEE (reference order)
ISO 690 (Numerical
reference)
Includes only the
works cited in the
paper
Contains papers
read not
necessary cited
What makes good writing
Having something
to say
Logical thinking
A few simple
learnable rules of
style
Writing- Tips and tricks
Read pay attention and imitate
Talk about your research before trying to write about it
Stop waiting for ldquoinspirationrdquo
Revise Nobody gets it perfect on the first try
Learn how to cut ruthlessly Never become too attached to your words
Drop the balast
bull 1 Cut unnecessary words and phrases
bull 2 Write with verbs use strong verbs
avoid turning verbs into nouns and donrsquot
bury the main verb
The BAD Writing Contest
bull The move from a structuralist account in which capital is
understood to structure social relations in relatively homologous
ways to a view of hegemony in which power relations are subject to
repetition convergence and rearticulation brought the question of
temporality into the thinking of structure and marked a shift from a
form of Althusserian theory that takes structural totalities as
theoretical objects to one in which the insights into the contingent
possibility of structure inaugurate a renewed conception of
hegemony as bound up with the contingent sites and strategies of
the rearticulation of power
bull Butlerrsquos Diacritics (1997)
Balast to drop-Examples
1 Dead weight words and
phrases
bull As it is well known
bull As it has been shown
bull It can be regarded that
bull It should be emphasized
that
2 Empty words and
phrases
bull methodologic
bull important
3 Long words or phrases
that could be short
4 Unnecessary jargon
and acronyms
5 Repetitive words or
phrases
6 Adverbs
bull very really quite
basically generally etc
Substitute damn every time
youre inclined to write very
your editor will delete it and the
writing will be just as it should
be(Mark Twain)
Active vs Passive voice
Passive voice (Was done)
bull For previous studies
bull Literature reviewActive voice (I We did)
bull For new exciting own results
bull Original research
Verbs make the World go round
Donrsquot turn verbs into
nouns
Donrsquot bury the
main verb
Writing Environment
bull MS Word
bull Developed for average
users
bull WYSIWYG
bull Auto references
bull Thesaurus
bull LaTeX
bull Developed for
profesionals
bull Requires learning the
syntax
bull Latex makes difficult
things easy and easy
things very difficult
bull Prefered by publishers
LaTeX
Tables and figures
Tables
bull Most journals use three
horizontal lines one
above the column
headings one below the
column headings and
one below the data
bull Follow journal guidelines
bull DO NOT copy-paste
result tables directly from
software
Figures
bull Visual impact
bull Show trends and patterns
bull Tell a quick story
bull Tell the whole story
bull Highlight a particular
result
bull Always provide caption
bull Use high resolution (1000
dpi BampW 300 dpi color)
Tables-Examples
Figures- Examples
Final draft check-list
bull Check for consistency
bull Check for numerical consistencybull Do the numbers in your abstract match the numbers in your
tablesfigurestext
bull Do the numbers in the text match those in the tablesfigures
bull Do the numbers in each tablefigure match those in other tablesfigures
bull Check your references style
bull Check your overall style
Submission information
bull Authorship
This can be a point of contention when
writing in groups so establish
expectations for roles and responsibilities
early in the writing process
bull Permissions and Approvals
bull permissions for reprinting copyrighted
material
bull Ethical Considerations
Plagiarism amp Self- plagiarism
bull Passing off other
peoplersquos writing (or
tables and figures) as
your own
bull cutting and pasting
sentences or even
phrases from another
source
bull slightly rewriting or re-
arranging othersrsquo
words
Recycling your own
writing or data
bull Copying or only
slightly rewriting text
from your own
published papers
bull Adding new data to
already published
data and presenting it
as new results
Submitting identical or overlapping data to multiple journals
Submission checklist
bull Keywords
bull JEL Codes
bull All figure captions
bull All tables (including title description)
bull Manuscript has been spell-checked and grammar-
checked
bull References are in the correct format for this journal
bull All references mentioned in the Reference list are cited
in the text and vice versa
bull Permission has been obtained for use of copyrighted
material from other sources (including the Web)
Cover letter
Put the puzzle together
LOGO
Thank You
Bibliography
bull Jaba E (2002) Statistica Editura Economică București
bull Day A amp Peters A D (1996) How to get research published in journals Aldershot
Gower
bull Academic Writing and Research Skills Workshop Mancester University
bull APA Research Style Crib Sheet by Professor Russ Dewey amp Dr Abel Scribe PhD -
Fall 2007
bull Writing Articles for Peer-Review Publications A Quick Reference Guide
bull Chin B (2004) How to write a great research paper John Wiley amp Sons
bull Pieter M Kroonenberg (2007)How to write an article Leiden University
bull Daniel P J Soule Lucy Whiteley and Shona McIntosh Writing for Scholarly
Journals eSharp
bull Stephen E Dew (2013)The 5 Step Essay Writing Process
bull Kristin Sainani Writing in the Sciences Stanford University
bull httpwebupaczasitefilesfile40753writing_an_academic_journal_articlepdf
bull Sebastian-Florian Enea Silvia Palașcă Claudiu Țigănaș (2013) G7 COUNTRIES ndash
ADVOCATES OF THE GLOBAL BUSINESS CYCLE GEBA 2013 Iași
bull Enea Sebastian (2013) EVALUATING GLOBALIZATION BY MEANS OF FUZZY
CLUSTER ANALYSIS IE Bucharest
bull Oxford Dictionary httpwwwoxforddictionariescom
Abstract
bull Summarizes the research and the conclusions
bull Is your advertisment = rdquoSellsrdquo your work
bull 50-300 words (200 typical length) (Refer to
author guidelines)
bull Stand-alone (NO references)
bull Indicates usefulness
bull Targets the audience
Writing the abstract-Long version
Originalityvalue
Research limitationsimplications
Findings
Designmethodologyapproach
Purpose
bullBased on the Emerald Structured Abstract
Writing the abstract-Short version
The Findings
The Arguments
The Purpose
Fancy title
bull Academic Titles Have Three Parts
bull (A) A catchy hook that introduces the
paper in a creative way
bull (B) Specific keywords that identify the
concepts the scholar will be exploring
bull (C) The location where those keywords
will be explored
bull 8-15 words
bull Main themeresearch topic research
design + population + geographical area
Fancy title- Examples
bull Globalization versus Segregation-Business Cycles
Synchronization in Europe
bull Is trade a vector of business cycles synchronization A
Fuzzy Cluster Approach of Globalization
bull Leaders and Followers in the Business Cycle Game A
Case Study of the G7
bull Hard or fuzzy clusters in assessing business cycle
transmission
bull The reverse alchemy of the business cycle
References section
In-text citations
All the cited
works compose
the Reference
List
Types of in-text citation
bull Varies from
Journal to Journal
bull Always check the
Authorrsquos
Guidelines
bull MS Office offers
APA
Harvard
Chicago
IEEE (reference order)
ISO 690 (Numerical
reference)
Includes only the
works cited in the
paper
Contains papers
read not
necessary cited
What makes good writing
Having something
to say
Logical thinking
A few simple
learnable rules of
style
Writing- Tips and tricks
Read pay attention and imitate
Talk about your research before trying to write about it
Stop waiting for ldquoinspirationrdquo
Revise Nobody gets it perfect on the first try
Learn how to cut ruthlessly Never become too attached to your words
Drop the balast
bull 1 Cut unnecessary words and phrases
bull 2 Write with verbs use strong verbs
avoid turning verbs into nouns and donrsquot
bury the main verb
The BAD Writing Contest
bull The move from a structuralist account in which capital is
understood to structure social relations in relatively homologous
ways to a view of hegemony in which power relations are subject to
repetition convergence and rearticulation brought the question of
temporality into the thinking of structure and marked a shift from a
form of Althusserian theory that takes structural totalities as
theoretical objects to one in which the insights into the contingent
possibility of structure inaugurate a renewed conception of
hegemony as bound up with the contingent sites and strategies of
the rearticulation of power
bull Butlerrsquos Diacritics (1997)
Balast to drop-Examples
1 Dead weight words and
phrases
bull As it is well known
bull As it has been shown
bull It can be regarded that
bull It should be emphasized
that
2 Empty words and
phrases
bull methodologic
bull important
3 Long words or phrases
that could be short
4 Unnecessary jargon
and acronyms
5 Repetitive words or
phrases
6 Adverbs
bull very really quite
basically generally etc
Substitute damn every time
youre inclined to write very
your editor will delete it and the
writing will be just as it should
be(Mark Twain)
Active vs Passive voice
Passive voice (Was done)
bull For previous studies
bull Literature reviewActive voice (I We did)
bull For new exciting own results
bull Original research
Verbs make the World go round
Donrsquot turn verbs into
nouns
Donrsquot bury the
main verb
Writing Environment
bull MS Word
bull Developed for average
users
bull WYSIWYG
bull Auto references
bull Thesaurus
bull LaTeX
bull Developed for
profesionals
bull Requires learning the
syntax
bull Latex makes difficult
things easy and easy
things very difficult
bull Prefered by publishers
LaTeX
Tables and figures
Tables
bull Most journals use three
horizontal lines one
above the column
headings one below the
column headings and
one below the data
bull Follow journal guidelines
bull DO NOT copy-paste
result tables directly from
software
Figures
bull Visual impact
bull Show trends and patterns
bull Tell a quick story
bull Tell the whole story
bull Highlight a particular
result
bull Always provide caption
bull Use high resolution (1000
dpi BampW 300 dpi color)
Tables-Examples
Figures- Examples
Final draft check-list
bull Check for consistency
bull Check for numerical consistencybull Do the numbers in your abstract match the numbers in your
tablesfigurestext
bull Do the numbers in the text match those in the tablesfigures
bull Do the numbers in each tablefigure match those in other tablesfigures
bull Check your references style
bull Check your overall style
Submission information
bull Authorship
This can be a point of contention when
writing in groups so establish
expectations for roles and responsibilities
early in the writing process
bull Permissions and Approvals
bull permissions for reprinting copyrighted
material
bull Ethical Considerations
Plagiarism amp Self- plagiarism
bull Passing off other
peoplersquos writing (or
tables and figures) as
your own
bull cutting and pasting
sentences or even
phrases from another
source
bull slightly rewriting or re-
arranging othersrsquo
words
Recycling your own
writing or data
bull Copying or only
slightly rewriting text
from your own
published papers
bull Adding new data to
already published
data and presenting it
as new results
Submitting identical or overlapping data to multiple journals
Submission checklist
bull Keywords
bull JEL Codes
bull All figure captions
bull All tables (including title description)
bull Manuscript has been spell-checked and grammar-
checked
bull References are in the correct format for this journal
bull All references mentioned in the Reference list are cited
in the text and vice versa
bull Permission has been obtained for use of copyrighted
material from other sources (including the Web)
Cover letter
Put the puzzle together
LOGO
Thank You
Bibliography
bull Jaba E (2002) Statistica Editura Economică București
bull Day A amp Peters A D (1996) How to get research published in journals Aldershot
Gower
bull Academic Writing and Research Skills Workshop Mancester University
bull APA Research Style Crib Sheet by Professor Russ Dewey amp Dr Abel Scribe PhD -
Fall 2007
bull Writing Articles for Peer-Review Publications A Quick Reference Guide
bull Chin B (2004) How to write a great research paper John Wiley amp Sons
bull Pieter M Kroonenberg (2007)How to write an article Leiden University
bull Daniel P J Soule Lucy Whiteley and Shona McIntosh Writing for Scholarly
Journals eSharp
bull Stephen E Dew (2013)The 5 Step Essay Writing Process
bull Kristin Sainani Writing in the Sciences Stanford University
bull httpwebupaczasitefilesfile40753writing_an_academic_journal_articlepdf
bull Sebastian-Florian Enea Silvia Palașcă Claudiu Țigănaș (2013) G7 COUNTRIES ndash
ADVOCATES OF THE GLOBAL BUSINESS CYCLE GEBA 2013 Iași
bull Enea Sebastian (2013) EVALUATING GLOBALIZATION BY MEANS OF FUZZY
CLUSTER ANALYSIS IE Bucharest
bull Oxford Dictionary httpwwwoxforddictionariescom
Writing the abstract-Long version
Originalityvalue
Research limitationsimplications
Findings
Designmethodologyapproach
Purpose
bullBased on the Emerald Structured Abstract
Writing the abstract-Short version
The Findings
The Arguments
The Purpose
Fancy title
bull Academic Titles Have Three Parts
bull (A) A catchy hook that introduces the
paper in a creative way
bull (B) Specific keywords that identify the
concepts the scholar will be exploring
bull (C) The location where those keywords
will be explored
bull 8-15 words
bull Main themeresearch topic research
design + population + geographical area
Fancy title- Examples
bull Globalization versus Segregation-Business Cycles
Synchronization in Europe
bull Is trade a vector of business cycles synchronization A
Fuzzy Cluster Approach of Globalization
bull Leaders and Followers in the Business Cycle Game A
Case Study of the G7
bull Hard or fuzzy clusters in assessing business cycle
transmission
bull The reverse alchemy of the business cycle
References section
In-text citations
All the cited
works compose
the Reference
List
Types of in-text citation
bull Varies from
Journal to Journal
bull Always check the
Authorrsquos
Guidelines
bull MS Office offers
APA
Harvard
Chicago
IEEE (reference order)
ISO 690 (Numerical
reference)
Includes only the
works cited in the
paper
Contains papers
read not
necessary cited
What makes good writing
Having something
to say
Logical thinking
A few simple
learnable rules of
style
Writing- Tips and tricks
Read pay attention and imitate
Talk about your research before trying to write about it
Stop waiting for ldquoinspirationrdquo
Revise Nobody gets it perfect on the first try
Learn how to cut ruthlessly Never become too attached to your words
Drop the balast
bull 1 Cut unnecessary words and phrases
bull 2 Write with verbs use strong verbs
avoid turning verbs into nouns and donrsquot
bury the main verb
The BAD Writing Contest
bull The move from a structuralist account in which capital is
understood to structure social relations in relatively homologous
ways to a view of hegemony in which power relations are subject to
repetition convergence and rearticulation brought the question of
temporality into the thinking of structure and marked a shift from a
form of Althusserian theory that takes structural totalities as
theoretical objects to one in which the insights into the contingent
possibility of structure inaugurate a renewed conception of
hegemony as bound up with the contingent sites and strategies of
the rearticulation of power
bull Butlerrsquos Diacritics (1997)
Balast to drop-Examples
1 Dead weight words and
phrases
bull As it is well known
bull As it has been shown
bull It can be regarded that
bull It should be emphasized
that
2 Empty words and
phrases
bull methodologic
bull important
3 Long words or phrases
that could be short
4 Unnecessary jargon
and acronyms
5 Repetitive words or
phrases
6 Adverbs
bull very really quite
basically generally etc
Substitute damn every time
youre inclined to write very
your editor will delete it and the
writing will be just as it should
be(Mark Twain)
Active vs Passive voice
Passive voice (Was done)
bull For previous studies
bull Literature reviewActive voice (I We did)
bull For new exciting own results
bull Original research
Verbs make the World go round
Donrsquot turn verbs into
nouns
Donrsquot bury the
main verb
Writing Environment
bull MS Word
bull Developed for average
users
bull WYSIWYG
bull Auto references
bull Thesaurus
bull LaTeX
bull Developed for
profesionals
bull Requires learning the
syntax
bull Latex makes difficult
things easy and easy
things very difficult
bull Prefered by publishers
LaTeX
Tables and figures
Tables
bull Most journals use three
horizontal lines one
above the column
headings one below the
column headings and
one below the data
bull Follow journal guidelines
bull DO NOT copy-paste
result tables directly from
software
Figures
bull Visual impact
bull Show trends and patterns
bull Tell a quick story
bull Tell the whole story
bull Highlight a particular
result
bull Always provide caption
bull Use high resolution (1000
dpi BampW 300 dpi color)
Tables-Examples
Figures- Examples
Final draft check-list
bull Check for consistency
bull Check for numerical consistencybull Do the numbers in your abstract match the numbers in your
tablesfigurestext
bull Do the numbers in the text match those in the tablesfigures
bull Do the numbers in each tablefigure match those in other tablesfigures
bull Check your references style
bull Check your overall style
Submission information
bull Authorship
This can be a point of contention when
writing in groups so establish
expectations for roles and responsibilities
early in the writing process
bull Permissions and Approvals
bull permissions for reprinting copyrighted
material
bull Ethical Considerations
Plagiarism amp Self- plagiarism
bull Passing off other
peoplersquos writing (or
tables and figures) as
your own
bull cutting and pasting
sentences or even
phrases from another
source
bull slightly rewriting or re-
arranging othersrsquo
words
Recycling your own
writing or data
bull Copying or only
slightly rewriting text
from your own
published papers
bull Adding new data to
already published
data and presenting it
as new results
Submitting identical or overlapping data to multiple journals
Submission checklist
bull Keywords
bull JEL Codes
bull All figure captions
bull All tables (including title description)
bull Manuscript has been spell-checked and grammar-
checked
bull References are in the correct format for this journal
bull All references mentioned in the Reference list are cited
in the text and vice versa
bull Permission has been obtained for use of copyrighted
material from other sources (including the Web)
Cover letter
Put the puzzle together
LOGO
Thank You
Bibliography
bull Jaba E (2002) Statistica Editura Economică București
bull Day A amp Peters A D (1996) How to get research published in journals Aldershot
Gower
bull Academic Writing and Research Skills Workshop Mancester University
bull APA Research Style Crib Sheet by Professor Russ Dewey amp Dr Abel Scribe PhD -
Fall 2007
bull Writing Articles for Peer-Review Publications A Quick Reference Guide
bull Chin B (2004) How to write a great research paper John Wiley amp Sons
bull Pieter M Kroonenberg (2007)How to write an article Leiden University
bull Daniel P J Soule Lucy Whiteley and Shona McIntosh Writing for Scholarly
Journals eSharp
bull Stephen E Dew (2013)The 5 Step Essay Writing Process
bull Kristin Sainani Writing in the Sciences Stanford University
bull httpwebupaczasitefilesfile40753writing_an_academic_journal_articlepdf
bull Sebastian-Florian Enea Silvia Palașcă Claudiu Țigănaș (2013) G7 COUNTRIES ndash
ADVOCATES OF THE GLOBAL BUSINESS CYCLE GEBA 2013 Iași
bull Enea Sebastian (2013) EVALUATING GLOBALIZATION BY MEANS OF FUZZY
CLUSTER ANALYSIS IE Bucharest
bull Oxford Dictionary httpwwwoxforddictionariescom
Writing the abstract-Short version
The Findings
The Arguments
The Purpose
Fancy title
bull Academic Titles Have Three Parts
bull (A) A catchy hook that introduces the
paper in a creative way
bull (B) Specific keywords that identify the
concepts the scholar will be exploring
bull (C) The location where those keywords
will be explored
bull 8-15 words
bull Main themeresearch topic research
design + population + geographical area
Fancy title- Examples
bull Globalization versus Segregation-Business Cycles
Synchronization in Europe
bull Is trade a vector of business cycles synchronization A
Fuzzy Cluster Approach of Globalization
bull Leaders and Followers in the Business Cycle Game A
Case Study of the G7
bull Hard or fuzzy clusters in assessing business cycle
transmission
bull The reverse alchemy of the business cycle
References section
In-text citations
All the cited
works compose
the Reference
List
Types of in-text citation
bull Varies from
Journal to Journal
bull Always check the
Authorrsquos
Guidelines
bull MS Office offers
APA
Harvard
Chicago
IEEE (reference order)
ISO 690 (Numerical
reference)
Includes only the
works cited in the
paper
Contains papers
read not
necessary cited
What makes good writing
Having something
to say
Logical thinking
A few simple
learnable rules of
style
Writing- Tips and tricks
Read pay attention and imitate
Talk about your research before trying to write about it
Stop waiting for ldquoinspirationrdquo
Revise Nobody gets it perfect on the first try
Learn how to cut ruthlessly Never become too attached to your words
Drop the balast
bull 1 Cut unnecessary words and phrases
bull 2 Write with verbs use strong verbs
avoid turning verbs into nouns and donrsquot
bury the main verb
The BAD Writing Contest
bull The move from a structuralist account in which capital is
understood to structure social relations in relatively homologous
ways to a view of hegemony in which power relations are subject to
repetition convergence and rearticulation brought the question of
temporality into the thinking of structure and marked a shift from a
form of Althusserian theory that takes structural totalities as
theoretical objects to one in which the insights into the contingent
possibility of structure inaugurate a renewed conception of
hegemony as bound up with the contingent sites and strategies of
the rearticulation of power
bull Butlerrsquos Diacritics (1997)
Balast to drop-Examples
1 Dead weight words and
phrases
bull As it is well known
bull As it has been shown
bull It can be regarded that
bull It should be emphasized
that
2 Empty words and
phrases
bull methodologic
bull important
3 Long words or phrases
that could be short
4 Unnecessary jargon
and acronyms
5 Repetitive words or
phrases
6 Adverbs
bull very really quite
basically generally etc
Substitute damn every time
youre inclined to write very
your editor will delete it and the
writing will be just as it should
be(Mark Twain)
Active vs Passive voice
Passive voice (Was done)
bull For previous studies
bull Literature reviewActive voice (I We did)
bull For new exciting own results
bull Original research
Verbs make the World go round
Donrsquot turn verbs into
nouns
Donrsquot bury the
main verb
Writing Environment
bull MS Word
bull Developed for average
users
bull WYSIWYG
bull Auto references
bull Thesaurus
bull LaTeX
bull Developed for
profesionals
bull Requires learning the
syntax
bull Latex makes difficult
things easy and easy
things very difficult
bull Prefered by publishers
LaTeX
Tables and figures
Tables
bull Most journals use three
horizontal lines one
above the column
headings one below the
column headings and
one below the data
bull Follow journal guidelines
bull DO NOT copy-paste
result tables directly from
software
Figures
bull Visual impact
bull Show trends and patterns
bull Tell a quick story
bull Tell the whole story
bull Highlight a particular
result
bull Always provide caption
bull Use high resolution (1000
dpi BampW 300 dpi color)
Tables-Examples
Figures- Examples
Final draft check-list
bull Check for consistency
bull Check for numerical consistencybull Do the numbers in your abstract match the numbers in your
tablesfigurestext
bull Do the numbers in the text match those in the tablesfigures
bull Do the numbers in each tablefigure match those in other tablesfigures
bull Check your references style
bull Check your overall style
Submission information
bull Authorship
This can be a point of contention when
writing in groups so establish
expectations for roles and responsibilities
early in the writing process
bull Permissions and Approvals
bull permissions for reprinting copyrighted
material
bull Ethical Considerations
Plagiarism amp Self- plagiarism
bull Passing off other
peoplersquos writing (or
tables and figures) as
your own
bull cutting and pasting
sentences or even
phrases from another
source
bull slightly rewriting or re-
arranging othersrsquo
words
Recycling your own
writing or data
bull Copying or only
slightly rewriting text
from your own
published papers
bull Adding new data to
already published
data and presenting it
as new results
Submitting identical or overlapping data to multiple journals
Submission checklist
bull Keywords
bull JEL Codes
bull All figure captions
bull All tables (including title description)
bull Manuscript has been spell-checked and grammar-
checked
bull References are in the correct format for this journal
bull All references mentioned in the Reference list are cited
in the text and vice versa
bull Permission has been obtained for use of copyrighted
material from other sources (including the Web)
Cover letter
Put the puzzle together
LOGO
Thank You
Bibliography
bull Jaba E (2002) Statistica Editura Economică București
bull Day A amp Peters A D (1996) How to get research published in journals Aldershot
Gower
bull Academic Writing and Research Skills Workshop Mancester University
bull APA Research Style Crib Sheet by Professor Russ Dewey amp Dr Abel Scribe PhD -
Fall 2007
bull Writing Articles for Peer-Review Publications A Quick Reference Guide
bull Chin B (2004) How to write a great research paper John Wiley amp Sons
bull Pieter M Kroonenberg (2007)How to write an article Leiden University
bull Daniel P J Soule Lucy Whiteley and Shona McIntosh Writing for Scholarly
Journals eSharp
bull Stephen E Dew (2013)The 5 Step Essay Writing Process
bull Kristin Sainani Writing in the Sciences Stanford University
bull httpwebupaczasitefilesfile40753writing_an_academic_journal_articlepdf
bull Sebastian-Florian Enea Silvia Palașcă Claudiu Țigănaș (2013) G7 COUNTRIES ndash
ADVOCATES OF THE GLOBAL BUSINESS CYCLE GEBA 2013 Iași
bull Enea Sebastian (2013) EVALUATING GLOBALIZATION BY MEANS OF FUZZY
CLUSTER ANALYSIS IE Bucharest
bull Oxford Dictionary httpwwwoxforddictionariescom
Fancy title
bull Academic Titles Have Three Parts
bull (A) A catchy hook that introduces the
paper in a creative way
bull (B) Specific keywords that identify the
concepts the scholar will be exploring
bull (C) The location where those keywords
will be explored
bull 8-15 words
bull Main themeresearch topic research
design + population + geographical area
Fancy title- Examples
bull Globalization versus Segregation-Business Cycles
Synchronization in Europe
bull Is trade a vector of business cycles synchronization A
Fuzzy Cluster Approach of Globalization
bull Leaders and Followers in the Business Cycle Game A
Case Study of the G7
bull Hard or fuzzy clusters in assessing business cycle
transmission
bull The reverse alchemy of the business cycle
References section
In-text citations
All the cited
works compose
the Reference
List
Types of in-text citation
bull Varies from
Journal to Journal
bull Always check the
Authorrsquos
Guidelines
bull MS Office offers
APA
Harvard
Chicago
IEEE (reference order)
ISO 690 (Numerical
reference)
Includes only the
works cited in the
paper
Contains papers
read not
necessary cited
What makes good writing
Having something
to say
Logical thinking
A few simple
learnable rules of
style
Writing- Tips and tricks
Read pay attention and imitate
Talk about your research before trying to write about it
Stop waiting for ldquoinspirationrdquo
Revise Nobody gets it perfect on the first try
Learn how to cut ruthlessly Never become too attached to your words
Drop the balast
bull 1 Cut unnecessary words and phrases
bull 2 Write with verbs use strong verbs
avoid turning verbs into nouns and donrsquot
bury the main verb
The BAD Writing Contest
bull The move from a structuralist account in which capital is
understood to structure social relations in relatively homologous
ways to a view of hegemony in which power relations are subject to
repetition convergence and rearticulation brought the question of
temporality into the thinking of structure and marked a shift from a
form of Althusserian theory that takes structural totalities as
theoretical objects to one in which the insights into the contingent
possibility of structure inaugurate a renewed conception of
hegemony as bound up with the contingent sites and strategies of
the rearticulation of power
bull Butlerrsquos Diacritics (1997)
Balast to drop-Examples
1 Dead weight words and
phrases
bull As it is well known
bull As it has been shown
bull It can be regarded that
bull It should be emphasized
that
2 Empty words and
phrases
bull methodologic
bull important
3 Long words or phrases
that could be short
4 Unnecessary jargon
and acronyms
5 Repetitive words or
phrases
6 Adverbs
bull very really quite
basically generally etc
Substitute damn every time
youre inclined to write very
your editor will delete it and the
writing will be just as it should
be(Mark Twain)
Active vs Passive voice
Passive voice (Was done)
bull For previous studies
bull Literature reviewActive voice (I We did)
bull For new exciting own results
bull Original research
Verbs make the World go round
Donrsquot turn verbs into
nouns
Donrsquot bury the
main verb
Writing Environment
bull MS Word
bull Developed for average
users
bull WYSIWYG
bull Auto references
bull Thesaurus
bull LaTeX
bull Developed for
profesionals
bull Requires learning the
syntax
bull Latex makes difficult
things easy and easy
things very difficult
bull Prefered by publishers
LaTeX
Tables and figures
Tables
bull Most journals use three
horizontal lines one
above the column
headings one below the
column headings and
one below the data
bull Follow journal guidelines
bull DO NOT copy-paste
result tables directly from
software
Figures
bull Visual impact
bull Show trends and patterns
bull Tell a quick story
bull Tell the whole story
bull Highlight a particular
result
bull Always provide caption
bull Use high resolution (1000
dpi BampW 300 dpi color)
Tables-Examples
Figures- Examples
Final draft check-list
bull Check for consistency
bull Check for numerical consistencybull Do the numbers in your abstract match the numbers in your
tablesfigurestext
bull Do the numbers in the text match those in the tablesfigures
bull Do the numbers in each tablefigure match those in other tablesfigures
bull Check your references style
bull Check your overall style
Submission information
bull Authorship
This can be a point of contention when
writing in groups so establish
expectations for roles and responsibilities
early in the writing process
bull Permissions and Approvals
bull permissions for reprinting copyrighted
material
bull Ethical Considerations
Plagiarism amp Self- plagiarism
bull Passing off other
peoplersquos writing (or
tables and figures) as
your own
bull cutting and pasting
sentences or even
phrases from another
source
bull slightly rewriting or re-
arranging othersrsquo
words
Recycling your own
writing or data
bull Copying or only
slightly rewriting text
from your own
published papers
bull Adding new data to
already published
data and presenting it
as new results
Submitting identical or overlapping data to multiple journals
Submission checklist
bull Keywords
bull JEL Codes
bull All figure captions
bull All tables (including title description)
bull Manuscript has been spell-checked and grammar-
checked
bull References are in the correct format for this journal
bull All references mentioned in the Reference list are cited
in the text and vice versa
bull Permission has been obtained for use of copyrighted
material from other sources (including the Web)
Cover letter
Put the puzzle together
LOGO
Thank You
Bibliography
bull Jaba E (2002) Statistica Editura Economică București
bull Day A amp Peters A D (1996) How to get research published in journals Aldershot
Gower
bull Academic Writing and Research Skills Workshop Mancester University
bull APA Research Style Crib Sheet by Professor Russ Dewey amp Dr Abel Scribe PhD -
Fall 2007
bull Writing Articles for Peer-Review Publications A Quick Reference Guide
bull Chin B (2004) How to write a great research paper John Wiley amp Sons
bull Pieter M Kroonenberg (2007)How to write an article Leiden University
bull Daniel P J Soule Lucy Whiteley and Shona McIntosh Writing for Scholarly
Journals eSharp
bull Stephen E Dew (2013)The 5 Step Essay Writing Process
bull Kristin Sainani Writing in the Sciences Stanford University
bull httpwebupaczasitefilesfile40753writing_an_academic_journal_articlepdf
bull Sebastian-Florian Enea Silvia Palașcă Claudiu Țigănaș (2013) G7 COUNTRIES ndash
ADVOCATES OF THE GLOBAL BUSINESS CYCLE GEBA 2013 Iași
bull Enea Sebastian (2013) EVALUATING GLOBALIZATION BY MEANS OF FUZZY
CLUSTER ANALYSIS IE Bucharest
bull Oxford Dictionary httpwwwoxforddictionariescom
Fancy title- Examples
bull Globalization versus Segregation-Business Cycles
Synchronization in Europe
bull Is trade a vector of business cycles synchronization A
Fuzzy Cluster Approach of Globalization
bull Leaders and Followers in the Business Cycle Game A
Case Study of the G7
bull Hard or fuzzy clusters in assessing business cycle
transmission
bull The reverse alchemy of the business cycle
References section
In-text citations
All the cited
works compose
the Reference
List
Types of in-text citation
bull Varies from
Journal to Journal
bull Always check the
Authorrsquos
Guidelines
bull MS Office offers
APA
Harvard
Chicago
IEEE (reference order)
ISO 690 (Numerical
reference)
Includes only the
works cited in the
paper
Contains papers
read not
necessary cited
What makes good writing
Having something
to say
Logical thinking
A few simple
learnable rules of
style
Writing- Tips and tricks
Read pay attention and imitate
Talk about your research before trying to write about it
Stop waiting for ldquoinspirationrdquo
Revise Nobody gets it perfect on the first try
Learn how to cut ruthlessly Never become too attached to your words
Drop the balast
bull 1 Cut unnecessary words and phrases
bull 2 Write with verbs use strong verbs
avoid turning verbs into nouns and donrsquot
bury the main verb
The BAD Writing Contest
bull The move from a structuralist account in which capital is
understood to structure social relations in relatively homologous
ways to a view of hegemony in which power relations are subject to
repetition convergence and rearticulation brought the question of
temporality into the thinking of structure and marked a shift from a
form of Althusserian theory that takes structural totalities as
theoretical objects to one in which the insights into the contingent
possibility of structure inaugurate a renewed conception of
hegemony as bound up with the contingent sites and strategies of
the rearticulation of power
bull Butlerrsquos Diacritics (1997)
Balast to drop-Examples
1 Dead weight words and
phrases
bull As it is well known
bull As it has been shown
bull It can be regarded that
bull It should be emphasized
that
2 Empty words and
phrases
bull methodologic
bull important
3 Long words or phrases
that could be short
4 Unnecessary jargon
and acronyms
5 Repetitive words or
phrases
6 Adverbs
bull very really quite
basically generally etc
Substitute damn every time
youre inclined to write very
your editor will delete it and the
writing will be just as it should
be(Mark Twain)
Active vs Passive voice
Passive voice (Was done)
bull For previous studies
bull Literature reviewActive voice (I We did)
bull For new exciting own results
bull Original research
Verbs make the World go round
Donrsquot turn verbs into
nouns
Donrsquot bury the
main verb
Writing Environment
bull MS Word
bull Developed for average
users
bull WYSIWYG
bull Auto references
bull Thesaurus
bull LaTeX
bull Developed for
profesionals
bull Requires learning the
syntax
bull Latex makes difficult
things easy and easy
things very difficult
bull Prefered by publishers
LaTeX
Tables and figures
Tables
bull Most journals use three
horizontal lines one
above the column
headings one below the
column headings and
one below the data
bull Follow journal guidelines
bull DO NOT copy-paste
result tables directly from
software
Figures
bull Visual impact
bull Show trends and patterns
bull Tell a quick story
bull Tell the whole story
bull Highlight a particular
result
bull Always provide caption
bull Use high resolution (1000
dpi BampW 300 dpi color)
Tables-Examples
Figures- Examples
Final draft check-list
bull Check for consistency
bull Check for numerical consistencybull Do the numbers in your abstract match the numbers in your
tablesfigurestext
bull Do the numbers in the text match those in the tablesfigures
bull Do the numbers in each tablefigure match those in other tablesfigures
bull Check your references style
bull Check your overall style
Submission information
bull Authorship
This can be a point of contention when
writing in groups so establish
expectations for roles and responsibilities
early in the writing process
bull Permissions and Approvals
bull permissions for reprinting copyrighted
material
bull Ethical Considerations
Plagiarism amp Self- plagiarism
bull Passing off other
peoplersquos writing (or
tables and figures) as
your own
bull cutting and pasting
sentences or even
phrases from another
source
bull slightly rewriting or re-
arranging othersrsquo
words
Recycling your own
writing or data
bull Copying or only
slightly rewriting text
from your own
published papers
bull Adding new data to
already published
data and presenting it
as new results
Submitting identical or overlapping data to multiple journals
Submission checklist
bull Keywords
bull JEL Codes
bull All figure captions
bull All tables (including title description)
bull Manuscript has been spell-checked and grammar-
checked
bull References are in the correct format for this journal
bull All references mentioned in the Reference list are cited
in the text and vice versa
bull Permission has been obtained for use of copyrighted
material from other sources (including the Web)
Cover letter
Put the puzzle together
LOGO
Thank You
Bibliography
bull Jaba E (2002) Statistica Editura Economică București
bull Day A amp Peters A D (1996) How to get research published in journals Aldershot
Gower
bull Academic Writing and Research Skills Workshop Mancester University
bull APA Research Style Crib Sheet by Professor Russ Dewey amp Dr Abel Scribe PhD -
Fall 2007
bull Writing Articles for Peer-Review Publications A Quick Reference Guide
bull Chin B (2004) How to write a great research paper John Wiley amp Sons
bull Pieter M Kroonenberg (2007)How to write an article Leiden University
bull Daniel P J Soule Lucy Whiteley and Shona McIntosh Writing for Scholarly
Journals eSharp
bull Stephen E Dew (2013)The 5 Step Essay Writing Process
bull Kristin Sainani Writing in the Sciences Stanford University
bull httpwebupaczasitefilesfile40753writing_an_academic_journal_articlepdf
bull Sebastian-Florian Enea Silvia Palașcă Claudiu Țigănaș (2013) G7 COUNTRIES ndash
ADVOCATES OF THE GLOBAL BUSINESS CYCLE GEBA 2013 Iași
bull Enea Sebastian (2013) EVALUATING GLOBALIZATION BY MEANS OF FUZZY
CLUSTER ANALYSIS IE Bucharest
bull Oxford Dictionary httpwwwoxforddictionariescom
References section
In-text citations
All the cited
works compose
the Reference
List
Types of in-text citation
bull Varies from
Journal to Journal
bull Always check the
Authorrsquos
Guidelines
bull MS Office offers
APA
Harvard
Chicago
IEEE (reference order)
ISO 690 (Numerical
reference)
Includes only the
works cited in the
paper
Contains papers
read not
necessary cited
What makes good writing
Having something
to say
Logical thinking
A few simple
learnable rules of
style
Writing- Tips and tricks
Read pay attention and imitate
Talk about your research before trying to write about it
Stop waiting for ldquoinspirationrdquo
Revise Nobody gets it perfect on the first try
Learn how to cut ruthlessly Never become too attached to your words
Drop the balast
bull 1 Cut unnecessary words and phrases
bull 2 Write with verbs use strong verbs
avoid turning verbs into nouns and donrsquot
bury the main verb
The BAD Writing Contest
bull The move from a structuralist account in which capital is
understood to structure social relations in relatively homologous
ways to a view of hegemony in which power relations are subject to
repetition convergence and rearticulation brought the question of
temporality into the thinking of structure and marked a shift from a
form of Althusserian theory that takes structural totalities as
theoretical objects to one in which the insights into the contingent
possibility of structure inaugurate a renewed conception of
hegemony as bound up with the contingent sites and strategies of
the rearticulation of power
bull Butlerrsquos Diacritics (1997)
Balast to drop-Examples
1 Dead weight words and
phrases
bull As it is well known
bull As it has been shown
bull It can be regarded that
bull It should be emphasized
that
2 Empty words and
phrases
bull methodologic
bull important
3 Long words or phrases
that could be short
4 Unnecessary jargon
and acronyms
5 Repetitive words or
phrases
6 Adverbs
bull very really quite
basically generally etc
Substitute damn every time
youre inclined to write very
your editor will delete it and the
writing will be just as it should
be(Mark Twain)
Active vs Passive voice
Passive voice (Was done)
bull For previous studies
bull Literature reviewActive voice (I We did)
bull For new exciting own results
bull Original research
Verbs make the World go round
Donrsquot turn verbs into
nouns
Donrsquot bury the
main verb
Writing Environment
bull MS Word
bull Developed for average
users
bull WYSIWYG
bull Auto references
bull Thesaurus
bull LaTeX
bull Developed for
profesionals
bull Requires learning the
syntax
bull Latex makes difficult
things easy and easy
things very difficult
bull Prefered by publishers
LaTeX
Tables and figures
Tables
bull Most journals use three
horizontal lines one
above the column
headings one below the
column headings and
one below the data
bull Follow journal guidelines
bull DO NOT copy-paste
result tables directly from
software
Figures
bull Visual impact
bull Show trends and patterns
bull Tell a quick story
bull Tell the whole story
bull Highlight a particular
result
bull Always provide caption
bull Use high resolution (1000
dpi BampW 300 dpi color)
Tables-Examples
Figures- Examples
Final draft check-list
bull Check for consistency
bull Check for numerical consistencybull Do the numbers in your abstract match the numbers in your
tablesfigurestext
bull Do the numbers in the text match those in the tablesfigures
bull Do the numbers in each tablefigure match those in other tablesfigures
bull Check your references style
bull Check your overall style
Submission information
bull Authorship
This can be a point of contention when
writing in groups so establish
expectations for roles and responsibilities
early in the writing process
bull Permissions and Approvals
bull permissions for reprinting copyrighted
material
bull Ethical Considerations
Plagiarism amp Self- plagiarism
bull Passing off other
peoplersquos writing (or
tables and figures) as
your own
bull cutting and pasting
sentences or even
phrases from another
source
bull slightly rewriting or re-
arranging othersrsquo
words
Recycling your own
writing or data
bull Copying or only
slightly rewriting text
from your own
published papers
bull Adding new data to
already published
data and presenting it
as new results
Submitting identical or overlapping data to multiple journals
Submission checklist
bull Keywords
bull JEL Codes
bull All figure captions
bull All tables (including title description)
bull Manuscript has been spell-checked and grammar-
checked
bull References are in the correct format for this journal
bull All references mentioned in the Reference list are cited
in the text and vice versa
bull Permission has been obtained for use of copyrighted
material from other sources (including the Web)
Cover letter
Put the puzzle together
LOGO
Thank You
Bibliography
bull Jaba E (2002) Statistica Editura Economică București
bull Day A amp Peters A D (1996) How to get research published in journals Aldershot
Gower
bull Academic Writing and Research Skills Workshop Mancester University
bull APA Research Style Crib Sheet by Professor Russ Dewey amp Dr Abel Scribe PhD -
Fall 2007
bull Writing Articles for Peer-Review Publications A Quick Reference Guide
bull Chin B (2004) How to write a great research paper John Wiley amp Sons
bull Pieter M Kroonenberg (2007)How to write an article Leiden University
bull Daniel P J Soule Lucy Whiteley and Shona McIntosh Writing for Scholarly
Journals eSharp
bull Stephen E Dew (2013)The 5 Step Essay Writing Process
bull Kristin Sainani Writing in the Sciences Stanford University
bull httpwebupaczasitefilesfile40753writing_an_academic_journal_articlepdf
bull Sebastian-Florian Enea Silvia Palașcă Claudiu Țigănaș (2013) G7 COUNTRIES ndash
ADVOCATES OF THE GLOBAL BUSINESS CYCLE GEBA 2013 Iași
bull Enea Sebastian (2013) EVALUATING GLOBALIZATION BY MEANS OF FUZZY
CLUSTER ANALYSIS IE Bucharest
bull Oxford Dictionary httpwwwoxforddictionariescom
Types of in-text citation
bull Varies from
Journal to Journal
bull Always check the
Authorrsquos
Guidelines
bull MS Office offers
APA
Harvard
Chicago
IEEE (reference order)
ISO 690 (Numerical
reference)
Includes only the
works cited in the
paper
Contains papers
read not
necessary cited
What makes good writing
Having something
to say
Logical thinking
A few simple
learnable rules of
style
Writing- Tips and tricks
Read pay attention and imitate
Talk about your research before trying to write about it
Stop waiting for ldquoinspirationrdquo
Revise Nobody gets it perfect on the first try
Learn how to cut ruthlessly Never become too attached to your words
Drop the balast
bull 1 Cut unnecessary words and phrases
bull 2 Write with verbs use strong verbs
avoid turning verbs into nouns and donrsquot
bury the main verb
The BAD Writing Contest
bull The move from a structuralist account in which capital is
understood to structure social relations in relatively homologous
ways to a view of hegemony in which power relations are subject to
repetition convergence and rearticulation brought the question of
temporality into the thinking of structure and marked a shift from a
form of Althusserian theory that takes structural totalities as
theoretical objects to one in which the insights into the contingent
possibility of structure inaugurate a renewed conception of
hegemony as bound up with the contingent sites and strategies of
the rearticulation of power
bull Butlerrsquos Diacritics (1997)
Balast to drop-Examples
1 Dead weight words and
phrases
bull As it is well known
bull As it has been shown
bull It can be regarded that
bull It should be emphasized
that
2 Empty words and
phrases
bull methodologic
bull important
3 Long words or phrases
that could be short
4 Unnecessary jargon
and acronyms
5 Repetitive words or
phrases
6 Adverbs
bull very really quite
basically generally etc
Substitute damn every time
youre inclined to write very
your editor will delete it and the
writing will be just as it should
be(Mark Twain)
Active vs Passive voice
Passive voice (Was done)
bull For previous studies
bull Literature reviewActive voice (I We did)
bull For new exciting own results
bull Original research
Verbs make the World go round
Donrsquot turn verbs into
nouns
Donrsquot bury the
main verb
Writing Environment
bull MS Word
bull Developed for average
users
bull WYSIWYG
bull Auto references
bull Thesaurus
bull LaTeX
bull Developed for
profesionals
bull Requires learning the
syntax
bull Latex makes difficult
things easy and easy
things very difficult
bull Prefered by publishers
LaTeX
Tables and figures
Tables
bull Most journals use three
horizontal lines one
above the column
headings one below the
column headings and
one below the data
bull Follow journal guidelines
bull DO NOT copy-paste
result tables directly from
software
Figures
bull Visual impact
bull Show trends and patterns
bull Tell a quick story
bull Tell the whole story
bull Highlight a particular
result
bull Always provide caption
bull Use high resolution (1000
dpi BampW 300 dpi color)
Tables-Examples
Figures- Examples
Final draft check-list
bull Check for consistency
bull Check for numerical consistencybull Do the numbers in your abstract match the numbers in your
tablesfigurestext
bull Do the numbers in the text match those in the tablesfigures
bull Do the numbers in each tablefigure match those in other tablesfigures
bull Check your references style
bull Check your overall style
Submission information
bull Authorship
This can be a point of contention when
writing in groups so establish
expectations for roles and responsibilities
early in the writing process
bull Permissions and Approvals
bull permissions for reprinting copyrighted
material
bull Ethical Considerations
Plagiarism amp Self- plagiarism
bull Passing off other
peoplersquos writing (or
tables and figures) as
your own
bull cutting and pasting
sentences or even
phrases from another
source
bull slightly rewriting or re-
arranging othersrsquo
words
Recycling your own
writing or data
bull Copying or only
slightly rewriting text
from your own
published papers
bull Adding new data to
already published
data and presenting it
as new results
Submitting identical or overlapping data to multiple journals
Submission checklist
bull Keywords
bull JEL Codes
bull All figure captions
bull All tables (including title description)
bull Manuscript has been spell-checked and grammar-
checked
bull References are in the correct format for this journal
bull All references mentioned in the Reference list are cited
in the text and vice versa
bull Permission has been obtained for use of copyrighted
material from other sources (including the Web)
Cover letter
Put the puzzle together
LOGO
Thank You
Bibliography
bull Jaba E (2002) Statistica Editura Economică București
bull Day A amp Peters A D (1996) How to get research published in journals Aldershot
Gower
bull Academic Writing and Research Skills Workshop Mancester University
bull APA Research Style Crib Sheet by Professor Russ Dewey amp Dr Abel Scribe PhD -
Fall 2007
bull Writing Articles for Peer-Review Publications A Quick Reference Guide
bull Chin B (2004) How to write a great research paper John Wiley amp Sons
bull Pieter M Kroonenberg (2007)How to write an article Leiden University
bull Daniel P J Soule Lucy Whiteley and Shona McIntosh Writing for Scholarly
Journals eSharp
bull Stephen E Dew (2013)The 5 Step Essay Writing Process
bull Kristin Sainani Writing in the Sciences Stanford University
bull httpwebupaczasitefilesfile40753writing_an_academic_journal_articlepdf
bull Sebastian-Florian Enea Silvia Palașcă Claudiu Țigănaș (2013) G7 COUNTRIES ndash
ADVOCATES OF THE GLOBAL BUSINESS CYCLE GEBA 2013 Iași
bull Enea Sebastian (2013) EVALUATING GLOBALIZATION BY MEANS OF FUZZY
CLUSTER ANALYSIS IE Bucharest
bull Oxford Dictionary httpwwwoxforddictionariescom
Includes only the
works cited in the
paper
Contains papers
read not
necessary cited
What makes good writing
Having something
to say
Logical thinking
A few simple
learnable rules of
style
Writing- Tips and tricks
Read pay attention and imitate
Talk about your research before trying to write about it
Stop waiting for ldquoinspirationrdquo
Revise Nobody gets it perfect on the first try
Learn how to cut ruthlessly Never become too attached to your words
Drop the balast
bull 1 Cut unnecessary words and phrases
bull 2 Write with verbs use strong verbs
avoid turning verbs into nouns and donrsquot
bury the main verb
The BAD Writing Contest
bull The move from a structuralist account in which capital is
understood to structure social relations in relatively homologous
ways to a view of hegemony in which power relations are subject to
repetition convergence and rearticulation brought the question of
temporality into the thinking of structure and marked a shift from a
form of Althusserian theory that takes structural totalities as
theoretical objects to one in which the insights into the contingent
possibility of structure inaugurate a renewed conception of
hegemony as bound up with the contingent sites and strategies of
the rearticulation of power
bull Butlerrsquos Diacritics (1997)
Balast to drop-Examples
1 Dead weight words and
phrases
bull As it is well known
bull As it has been shown
bull It can be regarded that
bull It should be emphasized
that
2 Empty words and
phrases
bull methodologic
bull important
3 Long words or phrases
that could be short
4 Unnecessary jargon
and acronyms
5 Repetitive words or
phrases
6 Adverbs
bull very really quite
basically generally etc
Substitute damn every time
youre inclined to write very
your editor will delete it and the
writing will be just as it should
be(Mark Twain)
Active vs Passive voice
Passive voice (Was done)
bull For previous studies
bull Literature reviewActive voice (I We did)
bull For new exciting own results
bull Original research
Verbs make the World go round
Donrsquot turn verbs into
nouns
Donrsquot bury the
main verb
Writing Environment
bull MS Word
bull Developed for average
users
bull WYSIWYG
bull Auto references
bull Thesaurus
bull LaTeX
bull Developed for
profesionals
bull Requires learning the
syntax
bull Latex makes difficult
things easy and easy
things very difficult
bull Prefered by publishers
LaTeX
Tables and figures
Tables
bull Most journals use three
horizontal lines one
above the column
headings one below the
column headings and
one below the data
bull Follow journal guidelines
bull DO NOT copy-paste
result tables directly from
software
Figures
bull Visual impact
bull Show trends and patterns
bull Tell a quick story
bull Tell the whole story
bull Highlight a particular
result
bull Always provide caption
bull Use high resolution (1000
dpi BampW 300 dpi color)
Tables-Examples
Figures- Examples
Final draft check-list
bull Check for consistency
bull Check for numerical consistencybull Do the numbers in your abstract match the numbers in your
tablesfigurestext
bull Do the numbers in the text match those in the tablesfigures
bull Do the numbers in each tablefigure match those in other tablesfigures
bull Check your references style
bull Check your overall style
Submission information
bull Authorship
This can be a point of contention when
writing in groups so establish
expectations for roles and responsibilities
early in the writing process
bull Permissions and Approvals
bull permissions for reprinting copyrighted
material
bull Ethical Considerations
Plagiarism amp Self- plagiarism
bull Passing off other
peoplersquos writing (or
tables and figures) as
your own
bull cutting and pasting
sentences or even
phrases from another
source
bull slightly rewriting or re-
arranging othersrsquo
words
Recycling your own
writing or data
bull Copying or only
slightly rewriting text
from your own
published papers
bull Adding new data to
already published
data and presenting it
as new results
Submitting identical or overlapping data to multiple journals
Submission checklist
bull Keywords
bull JEL Codes
bull All figure captions
bull All tables (including title description)
bull Manuscript has been spell-checked and grammar-
checked
bull References are in the correct format for this journal
bull All references mentioned in the Reference list are cited
in the text and vice versa
bull Permission has been obtained for use of copyrighted
material from other sources (including the Web)
Cover letter
Put the puzzle together
LOGO
Thank You
Bibliography
bull Jaba E (2002) Statistica Editura Economică București
bull Day A amp Peters A D (1996) How to get research published in journals Aldershot
Gower
bull Academic Writing and Research Skills Workshop Mancester University
bull APA Research Style Crib Sheet by Professor Russ Dewey amp Dr Abel Scribe PhD -
Fall 2007
bull Writing Articles for Peer-Review Publications A Quick Reference Guide
bull Chin B (2004) How to write a great research paper John Wiley amp Sons
bull Pieter M Kroonenberg (2007)How to write an article Leiden University
bull Daniel P J Soule Lucy Whiteley and Shona McIntosh Writing for Scholarly
Journals eSharp
bull Stephen E Dew (2013)The 5 Step Essay Writing Process
bull Kristin Sainani Writing in the Sciences Stanford University
bull httpwebupaczasitefilesfile40753writing_an_academic_journal_articlepdf
bull Sebastian-Florian Enea Silvia Palașcă Claudiu Țigănaș (2013) G7 COUNTRIES ndash
ADVOCATES OF THE GLOBAL BUSINESS CYCLE GEBA 2013 Iași
bull Enea Sebastian (2013) EVALUATING GLOBALIZATION BY MEANS OF FUZZY
CLUSTER ANALYSIS IE Bucharest
bull Oxford Dictionary httpwwwoxforddictionariescom
What makes good writing
Having something
to say
Logical thinking
A few simple
learnable rules of
style
Writing- Tips and tricks
Read pay attention and imitate
Talk about your research before trying to write about it
Stop waiting for ldquoinspirationrdquo
Revise Nobody gets it perfect on the first try
Learn how to cut ruthlessly Never become too attached to your words
Drop the balast
bull 1 Cut unnecessary words and phrases
bull 2 Write with verbs use strong verbs
avoid turning verbs into nouns and donrsquot
bury the main verb
The BAD Writing Contest
bull The move from a structuralist account in which capital is
understood to structure social relations in relatively homologous
ways to a view of hegemony in which power relations are subject to
repetition convergence and rearticulation brought the question of
temporality into the thinking of structure and marked a shift from a
form of Althusserian theory that takes structural totalities as
theoretical objects to one in which the insights into the contingent
possibility of structure inaugurate a renewed conception of
hegemony as bound up with the contingent sites and strategies of
the rearticulation of power
bull Butlerrsquos Diacritics (1997)
Balast to drop-Examples
1 Dead weight words and
phrases
bull As it is well known
bull As it has been shown
bull It can be regarded that
bull It should be emphasized
that
2 Empty words and
phrases
bull methodologic
bull important
3 Long words or phrases
that could be short
4 Unnecessary jargon
and acronyms
5 Repetitive words or
phrases
6 Adverbs
bull very really quite
basically generally etc
Substitute damn every time
youre inclined to write very
your editor will delete it and the
writing will be just as it should
be(Mark Twain)
Active vs Passive voice
Passive voice (Was done)
bull For previous studies
bull Literature reviewActive voice (I We did)
bull For new exciting own results
bull Original research
Verbs make the World go round
Donrsquot turn verbs into
nouns
Donrsquot bury the
main verb
Writing Environment
bull MS Word
bull Developed for average
users
bull WYSIWYG
bull Auto references
bull Thesaurus
bull LaTeX
bull Developed for
profesionals
bull Requires learning the
syntax
bull Latex makes difficult
things easy and easy
things very difficult
bull Prefered by publishers
LaTeX
Tables and figures
Tables
bull Most journals use three
horizontal lines one
above the column
headings one below the
column headings and
one below the data
bull Follow journal guidelines
bull DO NOT copy-paste
result tables directly from
software
Figures
bull Visual impact
bull Show trends and patterns
bull Tell a quick story
bull Tell the whole story
bull Highlight a particular
result
bull Always provide caption
bull Use high resolution (1000
dpi BampW 300 dpi color)
Tables-Examples
Figures- Examples
Final draft check-list
bull Check for consistency
bull Check for numerical consistencybull Do the numbers in your abstract match the numbers in your
tablesfigurestext
bull Do the numbers in the text match those in the tablesfigures
bull Do the numbers in each tablefigure match those in other tablesfigures
bull Check your references style
bull Check your overall style
Submission information
bull Authorship
This can be a point of contention when
writing in groups so establish
expectations for roles and responsibilities
early in the writing process
bull Permissions and Approvals
bull permissions for reprinting copyrighted
material
bull Ethical Considerations
Plagiarism amp Self- plagiarism
bull Passing off other
peoplersquos writing (or
tables and figures) as
your own
bull cutting and pasting
sentences or even
phrases from another
source
bull slightly rewriting or re-
arranging othersrsquo
words
Recycling your own
writing or data
bull Copying or only
slightly rewriting text
from your own
published papers
bull Adding new data to
already published
data and presenting it
as new results
Submitting identical or overlapping data to multiple journals
Submission checklist
bull Keywords
bull JEL Codes
bull All figure captions
bull All tables (including title description)
bull Manuscript has been spell-checked and grammar-
checked
bull References are in the correct format for this journal
bull All references mentioned in the Reference list are cited
in the text and vice versa
bull Permission has been obtained for use of copyrighted
material from other sources (including the Web)
Cover letter
Put the puzzle together
LOGO
Thank You
Bibliography
bull Jaba E (2002) Statistica Editura Economică București
bull Day A amp Peters A D (1996) How to get research published in journals Aldershot
Gower
bull Academic Writing and Research Skills Workshop Mancester University
bull APA Research Style Crib Sheet by Professor Russ Dewey amp Dr Abel Scribe PhD -
Fall 2007
bull Writing Articles for Peer-Review Publications A Quick Reference Guide
bull Chin B (2004) How to write a great research paper John Wiley amp Sons
bull Pieter M Kroonenberg (2007)How to write an article Leiden University
bull Daniel P J Soule Lucy Whiteley and Shona McIntosh Writing for Scholarly
Journals eSharp
bull Stephen E Dew (2013)The 5 Step Essay Writing Process
bull Kristin Sainani Writing in the Sciences Stanford University
bull httpwebupaczasitefilesfile40753writing_an_academic_journal_articlepdf
bull Sebastian-Florian Enea Silvia Palașcă Claudiu Țigănaș (2013) G7 COUNTRIES ndash
ADVOCATES OF THE GLOBAL BUSINESS CYCLE GEBA 2013 Iași
bull Enea Sebastian (2013) EVALUATING GLOBALIZATION BY MEANS OF FUZZY
CLUSTER ANALYSIS IE Bucharest
bull Oxford Dictionary httpwwwoxforddictionariescom
Writing- Tips and tricks
Read pay attention and imitate
Talk about your research before trying to write about it
Stop waiting for ldquoinspirationrdquo
Revise Nobody gets it perfect on the first try
Learn how to cut ruthlessly Never become too attached to your words
Drop the balast
bull 1 Cut unnecessary words and phrases
bull 2 Write with verbs use strong verbs
avoid turning verbs into nouns and donrsquot
bury the main verb
The BAD Writing Contest
bull The move from a structuralist account in which capital is
understood to structure social relations in relatively homologous
ways to a view of hegemony in which power relations are subject to
repetition convergence and rearticulation brought the question of
temporality into the thinking of structure and marked a shift from a
form of Althusserian theory that takes structural totalities as
theoretical objects to one in which the insights into the contingent
possibility of structure inaugurate a renewed conception of
hegemony as bound up with the contingent sites and strategies of
the rearticulation of power
bull Butlerrsquos Diacritics (1997)
Balast to drop-Examples
1 Dead weight words and
phrases
bull As it is well known
bull As it has been shown
bull It can be regarded that
bull It should be emphasized
that
2 Empty words and
phrases
bull methodologic
bull important
3 Long words or phrases
that could be short
4 Unnecessary jargon
and acronyms
5 Repetitive words or
phrases
6 Adverbs
bull very really quite
basically generally etc
Substitute damn every time
youre inclined to write very
your editor will delete it and the
writing will be just as it should
be(Mark Twain)
Active vs Passive voice
Passive voice (Was done)
bull For previous studies
bull Literature reviewActive voice (I We did)
bull For new exciting own results
bull Original research
Verbs make the World go round
Donrsquot turn verbs into
nouns
Donrsquot bury the
main verb
Writing Environment
bull MS Word
bull Developed for average
users
bull WYSIWYG
bull Auto references
bull Thesaurus
bull LaTeX
bull Developed for
profesionals
bull Requires learning the
syntax
bull Latex makes difficult
things easy and easy
things very difficult
bull Prefered by publishers
LaTeX
Tables and figures
Tables
bull Most journals use three
horizontal lines one
above the column
headings one below the
column headings and
one below the data
bull Follow journal guidelines
bull DO NOT copy-paste
result tables directly from
software
Figures
bull Visual impact
bull Show trends and patterns
bull Tell a quick story
bull Tell the whole story
bull Highlight a particular
result
bull Always provide caption
bull Use high resolution (1000
dpi BampW 300 dpi color)
Tables-Examples
Figures- Examples
Final draft check-list
bull Check for consistency
bull Check for numerical consistencybull Do the numbers in your abstract match the numbers in your
tablesfigurestext
bull Do the numbers in the text match those in the tablesfigures
bull Do the numbers in each tablefigure match those in other tablesfigures
bull Check your references style
bull Check your overall style
Submission information
bull Authorship
This can be a point of contention when
writing in groups so establish
expectations for roles and responsibilities
early in the writing process
bull Permissions and Approvals
bull permissions for reprinting copyrighted
material
bull Ethical Considerations
Plagiarism amp Self- plagiarism
bull Passing off other
peoplersquos writing (or
tables and figures) as
your own
bull cutting and pasting
sentences or even
phrases from another
source
bull slightly rewriting or re-
arranging othersrsquo
words
Recycling your own
writing or data
bull Copying or only
slightly rewriting text
from your own
published papers
bull Adding new data to
already published
data and presenting it
as new results
Submitting identical or overlapping data to multiple journals
Submission checklist
bull Keywords
bull JEL Codes
bull All figure captions
bull All tables (including title description)
bull Manuscript has been spell-checked and grammar-
checked
bull References are in the correct format for this journal
bull All references mentioned in the Reference list are cited
in the text and vice versa
bull Permission has been obtained for use of copyrighted
material from other sources (including the Web)
Cover letter
Put the puzzle together
LOGO
Thank You
Bibliography
bull Jaba E (2002) Statistica Editura Economică București
bull Day A amp Peters A D (1996) How to get research published in journals Aldershot
Gower
bull Academic Writing and Research Skills Workshop Mancester University
bull APA Research Style Crib Sheet by Professor Russ Dewey amp Dr Abel Scribe PhD -
Fall 2007
bull Writing Articles for Peer-Review Publications A Quick Reference Guide
bull Chin B (2004) How to write a great research paper John Wiley amp Sons
bull Pieter M Kroonenberg (2007)How to write an article Leiden University
bull Daniel P J Soule Lucy Whiteley and Shona McIntosh Writing for Scholarly
Journals eSharp
bull Stephen E Dew (2013)The 5 Step Essay Writing Process
bull Kristin Sainani Writing in the Sciences Stanford University
bull httpwebupaczasitefilesfile40753writing_an_academic_journal_articlepdf
bull Sebastian-Florian Enea Silvia Palașcă Claudiu Țigănaș (2013) G7 COUNTRIES ndash
ADVOCATES OF THE GLOBAL BUSINESS CYCLE GEBA 2013 Iași
bull Enea Sebastian (2013) EVALUATING GLOBALIZATION BY MEANS OF FUZZY
CLUSTER ANALYSIS IE Bucharest
bull Oxford Dictionary httpwwwoxforddictionariescom
Drop the balast
bull 1 Cut unnecessary words and phrases
bull 2 Write with verbs use strong verbs
avoid turning verbs into nouns and donrsquot
bury the main verb
The BAD Writing Contest
bull The move from a structuralist account in which capital is
understood to structure social relations in relatively homologous
ways to a view of hegemony in which power relations are subject to
repetition convergence and rearticulation brought the question of
temporality into the thinking of structure and marked a shift from a
form of Althusserian theory that takes structural totalities as
theoretical objects to one in which the insights into the contingent
possibility of structure inaugurate a renewed conception of
hegemony as bound up with the contingent sites and strategies of
the rearticulation of power
bull Butlerrsquos Diacritics (1997)
Balast to drop-Examples
1 Dead weight words and
phrases
bull As it is well known
bull As it has been shown
bull It can be regarded that
bull It should be emphasized
that
2 Empty words and
phrases
bull methodologic
bull important
3 Long words or phrases
that could be short
4 Unnecessary jargon
and acronyms
5 Repetitive words or
phrases
6 Adverbs
bull very really quite
basically generally etc
Substitute damn every time
youre inclined to write very
your editor will delete it and the
writing will be just as it should
be(Mark Twain)
Active vs Passive voice
Passive voice (Was done)
bull For previous studies
bull Literature reviewActive voice (I We did)
bull For new exciting own results
bull Original research
Verbs make the World go round
Donrsquot turn verbs into
nouns
Donrsquot bury the
main verb
Writing Environment
bull MS Word
bull Developed for average
users
bull WYSIWYG
bull Auto references
bull Thesaurus
bull LaTeX
bull Developed for
profesionals
bull Requires learning the
syntax
bull Latex makes difficult
things easy and easy
things very difficult
bull Prefered by publishers
LaTeX
Tables and figures
Tables
bull Most journals use three
horizontal lines one
above the column
headings one below the
column headings and
one below the data
bull Follow journal guidelines
bull DO NOT copy-paste
result tables directly from
software
Figures
bull Visual impact
bull Show trends and patterns
bull Tell a quick story
bull Tell the whole story
bull Highlight a particular
result
bull Always provide caption
bull Use high resolution (1000
dpi BampW 300 dpi color)
Tables-Examples
Figures- Examples
Final draft check-list
bull Check for consistency
bull Check for numerical consistencybull Do the numbers in your abstract match the numbers in your
tablesfigurestext
bull Do the numbers in the text match those in the tablesfigures
bull Do the numbers in each tablefigure match those in other tablesfigures
bull Check your references style
bull Check your overall style
Submission information
bull Authorship
This can be a point of contention when
writing in groups so establish
expectations for roles and responsibilities
early in the writing process
bull Permissions and Approvals
bull permissions for reprinting copyrighted
material
bull Ethical Considerations
Plagiarism amp Self- plagiarism
bull Passing off other
peoplersquos writing (or
tables and figures) as
your own
bull cutting and pasting
sentences or even
phrases from another
source
bull slightly rewriting or re-
arranging othersrsquo
words
Recycling your own
writing or data
bull Copying or only
slightly rewriting text
from your own
published papers
bull Adding new data to
already published
data and presenting it
as new results
Submitting identical or overlapping data to multiple journals
Submission checklist
bull Keywords
bull JEL Codes
bull All figure captions
bull All tables (including title description)
bull Manuscript has been spell-checked and grammar-
checked
bull References are in the correct format for this journal
bull All references mentioned in the Reference list are cited
in the text and vice versa
bull Permission has been obtained for use of copyrighted
material from other sources (including the Web)
Cover letter
Put the puzzle together
LOGO
Thank You
Bibliography
bull Jaba E (2002) Statistica Editura Economică București
bull Day A amp Peters A D (1996) How to get research published in journals Aldershot
Gower
bull Academic Writing and Research Skills Workshop Mancester University
bull APA Research Style Crib Sheet by Professor Russ Dewey amp Dr Abel Scribe PhD -
Fall 2007
bull Writing Articles for Peer-Review Publications A Quick Reference Guide
bull Chin B (2004) How to write a great research paper John Wiley amp Sons
bull Pieter M Kroonenberg (2007)How to write an article Leiden University
bull Daniel P J Soule Lucy Whiteley and Shona McIntosh Writing for Scholarly
Journals eSharp
bull Stephen E Dew (2013)The 5 Step Essay Writing Process
bull Kristin Sainani Writing in the Sciences Stanford University
bull httpwebupaczasitefilesfile40753writing_an_academic_journal_articlepdf
bull Sebastian-Florian Enea Silvia Palașcă Claudiu Țigănaș (2013) G7 COUNTRIES ndash
ADVOCATES OF THE GLOBAL BUSINESS CYCLE GEBA 2013 Iași
bull Enea Sebastian (2013) EVALUATING GLOBALIZATION BY MEANS OF FUZZY
CLUSTER ANALYSIS IE Bucharest
bull Oxford Dictionary httpwwwoxforddictionariescom
The BAD Writing Contest
bull The move from a structuralist account in which capital is
understood to structure social relations in relatively homologous
ways to a view of hegemony in which power relations are subject to
repetition convergence and rearticulation brought the question of
temporality into the thinking of structure and marked a shift from a
form of Althusserian theory that takes structural totalities as
theoretical objects to one in which the insights into the contingent
possibility of structure inaugurate a renewed conception of
hegemony as bound up with the contingent sites and strategies of
the rearticulation of power
bull Butlerrsquos Diacritics (1997)
Balast to drop-Examples
1 Dead weight words and
phrases
bull As it is well known
bull As it has been shown
bull It can be regarded that
bull It should be emphasized
that
2 Empty words and
phrases
bull methodologic
bull important
3 Long words or phrases
that could be short
4 Unnecessary jargon
and acronyms
5 Repetitive words or
phrases
6 Adverbs
bull very really quite
basically generally etc
Substitute damn every time
youre inclined to write very
your editor will delete it and the
writing will be just as it should
be(Mark Twain)
Active vs Passive voice
Passive voice (Was done)
bull For previous studies
bull Literature reviewActive voice (I We did)
bull For new exciting own results
bull Original research
Verbs make the World go round
Donrsquot turn verbs into
nouns
Donrsquot bury the
main verb
Writing Environment
bull MS Word
bull Developed for average
users
bull WYSIWYG
bull Auto references
bull Thesaurus
bull LaTeX
bull Developed for
profesionals
bull Requires learning the
syntax
bull Latex makes difficult
things easy and easy
things very difficult
bull Prefered by publishers
LaTeX
Tables and figures
Tables
bull Most journals use three
horizontal lines one
above the column
headings one below the
column headings and
one below the data
bull Follow journal guidelines
bull DO NOT copy-paste
result tables directly from
software
Figures
bull Visual impact
bull Show trends and patterns
bull Tell a quick story
bull Tell the whole story
bull Highlight a particular
result
bull Always provide caption
bull Use high resolution (1000
dpi BampW 300 dpi color)
Tables-Examples
Figures- Examples
Final draft check-list
bull Check for consistency
bull Check for numerical consistencybull Do the numbers in your abstract match the numbers in your
tablesfigurestext
bull Do the numbers in the text match those in the tablesfigures
bull Do the numbers in each tablefigure match those in other tablesfigures
bull Check your references style
bull Check your overall style
Submission information
bull Authorship
This can be a point of contention when
writing in groups so establish
expectations for roles and responsibilities
early in the writing process
bull Permissions and Approvals
bull permissions for reprinting copyrighted
material
bull Ethical Considerations
Plagiarism amp Self- plagiarism
bull Passing off other
peoplersquos writing (or
tables and figures) as
your own
bull cutting and pasting
sentences or even
phrases from another
source
bull slightly rewriting or re-
arranging othersrsquo
words
Recycling your own
writing or data
bull Copying or only
slightly rewriting text
from your own
published papers
bull Adding new data to
already published
data and presenting it
as new results
Submitting identical or overlapping data to multiple journals
Submission checklist
bull Keywords
bull JEL Codes
bull All figure captions
bull All tables (including title description)
bull Manuscript has been spell-checked and grammar-
checked
bull References are in the correct format for this journal
bull All references mentioned in the Reference list are cited
in the text and vice versa
bull Permission has been obtained for use of copyrighted
material from other sources (including the Web)
Cover letter
Put the puzzle together
LOGO
Thank You
Bibliography
bull Jaba E (2002) Statistica Editura Economică București
bull Day A amp Peters A D (1996) How to get research published in journals Aldershot
Gower
bull Academic Writing and Research Skills Workshop Mancester University
bull APA Research Style Crib Sheet by Professor Russ Dewey amp Dr Abel Scribe PhD -
Fall 2007
bull Writing Articles for Peer-Review Publications A Quick Reference Guide
bull Chin B (2004) How to write a great research paper John Wiley amp Sons
bull Pieter M Kroonenberg (2007)How to write an article Leiden University
bull Daniel P J Soule Lucy Whiteley and Shona McIntosh Writing for Scholarly
Journals eSharp
bull Stephen E Dew (2013)The 5 Step Essay Writing Process
bull Kristin Sainani Writing in the Sciences Stanford University
bull httpwebupaczasitefilesfile40753writing_an_academic_journal_articlepdf
bull Sebastian-Florian Enea Silvia Palașcă Claudiu Țigănaș (2013) G7 COUNTRIES ndash
ADVOCATES OF THE GLOBAL BUSINESS CYCLE GEBA 2013 Iași
bull Enea Sebastian (2013) EVALUATING GLOBALIZATION BY MEANS OF FUZZY
CLUSTER ANALYSIS IE Bucharest
bull Oxford Dictionary httpwwwoxforddictionariescom
Balast to drop-Examples
1 Dead weight words and
phrases
bull As it is well known
bull As it has been shown
bull It can be regarded that
bull It should be emphasized
that
2 Empty words and
phrases
bull methodologic
bull important
3 Long words or phrases
that could be short
4 Unnecessary jargon
and acronyms
5 Repetitive words or
phrases
6 Adverbs
bull very really quite
basically generally etc
Substitute damn every time
youre inclined to write very
your editor will delete it and the
writing will be just as it should
be(Mark Twain)
Active vs Passive voice
Passive voice (Was done)
bull For previous studies
bull Literature reviewActive voice (I We did)
bull For new exciting own results
bull Original research
Verbs make the World go round
Donrsquot turn verbs into
nouns
Donrsquot bury the
main verb
Writing Environment
bull MS Word
bull Developed for average
users
bull WYSIWYG
bull Auto references
bull Thesaurus
bull LaTeX
bull Developed for
profesionals
bull Requires learning the
syntax
bull Latex makes difficult
things easy and easy
things very difficult
bull Prefered by publishers
LaTeX
Tables and figures
Tables
bull Most journals use three
horizontal lines one
above the column
headings one below the
column headings and
one below the data
bull Follow journal guidelines
bull DO NOT copy-paste
result tables directly from
software
Figures
bull Visual impact
bull Show trends and patterns
bull Tell a quick story
bull Tell the whole story
bull Highlight a particular
result
bull Always provide caption
bull Use high resolution (1000
dpi BampW 300 dpi color)
Tables-Examples
Figures- Examples
Final draft check-list
bull Check for consistency
bull Check for numerical consistencybull Do the numbers in your abstract match the numbers in your
tablesfigurestext
bull Do the numbers in the text match those in the tablesfigures
bull Do the numbers in each tablefigure match those in other tablesfigures
bull Check your references style
bull Check your overall style
Submission information
bull Authorship
This can be a point of contention when
writing in groups so establish
expectations for roles and responsibilities
early in the writing process
bull Permissions and Approvals
bull permissions for reprinting copyrighted
material
bull Ethical Considerations
Plagiarism amp Self- plagiarism
bull Passing off other
peoplersquos writing (or
tables and figures) as
your own
bull cutting and pasting
sentences or even
phrases from another
source
bull slightly rewriting or re-
arranging othersrsquo
words
Recycling your own
writing or data
bull Copying or only
slightly rewriting text
from your own
published papers
bull Adding new data to
already published
data and presenting it
as new results
Submitting identical or overlapping data to multiple journals
Submission checklist
bull Keywords
bull JEL Codes
bull All figure captions
bull All tables (including title description)
bull Manuscript has been spell-checked and grammar-
checked
bull References are in the correct format for this journal
bull All references mentioned in the Reference list are cited
in the text and vice versa
bull Permission has been obtained for use of copyrighted
material from other sources (including the Web)
Cover letter
Put the puzzle together
LOGO
Thank You
Bibliography
bull Jaba E (2002) Statistica Editura Economică București
bull Day A amp Peters A D (1996) How to get research published in journals Aldershot
Gower
bull Academic Writing and Research Skills Workshop Mancester University
bull APA Research Style Crib Sheet by Professor Russ Dewey amp Dr Abel Scribe PhD -
Fall 2007
bull Writing Articles for Peer-Review Publications A Quick Reference Guide
bull Chin B (2004) How to write a great research paper John Wiley amp Sons
bull Pieter M Kroonenberg (2007)How to write an article Leiden University
bull Daniel P J Soule Lucy Whiteley and Shona McIntosh Writing for Scholarly
Journals eSharp
bull Stephen E Dew (2013)The 5 Step Essay Writing Process
bull Kristin Sainani Writing in the Sciences Stanford University
bull httpwebupaczasitefilesfile40753writing_an_academic_journal_articlepdf
bull Sebastian-Florian Enea Silvia Palașcă Claudiu Țigănaș (2013) G7 COUNTRIES ndash
ADVOCATES OF THE GLOBAL BUSINESS CYCLE GEBA 2013 Iași
bull Enea Sebastian (2013) EVALUATING GLOBALIZATION BY MEANS OF FUZZY
CLUSTER ANALYSIS IE Bucharest
bull Oxford Dictionary httpwwwoxforddictionariescom
Active vs Passive voice
Passive voice (Was done)
bull For previous studies
bull Literature reviewActive voice (I We did)
bull For new exciting own results
bull Original research
Verbs make the World go round
Donrsquot turn verbs into
nouns
Donrsquot bury the
main verb
Writing Environment
bull MS Word
bull Developed for average
users
bull WYSIWYG
bull Auto references
bull Thesaurus
bull LaTeX
bull Developed for
profesionals
bull Requires learning the
syntax
bull Latex makes difficult
things easy and easy
things very difficult
bull Prefered by publishers
LaTeX
Tables and figures
Tables
bull Most journals use three
horizontal lines one
above the column
headings one below the
column headings and
one below the data
bull Follow journal guidelines
bull DO NOT copy-paste
result tables directly from
software
Figures
bull Visual impact
bull Show trends and patterns
bull Tell a quick story
bull Tell the whole story
bull Highlight a particular
result
bull Always provide caption
bull Use high resolution (1000
dpi BampW 300 dpi color)
Tables-Examples
Figures- Examples
Final draft check-list
bull Check for consistency
bull Check for numerical consistencybull Do the numbers in your abstract match the numbers in your
tablesfigurestext
bull Do the numbers in the text match those in the tablesfigures
bull Do the numbers in each tablefigure match those in other tablesfigures
bull Check your references style
bull Check your overall style
Submission information
bull Authorship
This can be a point of contention when
writing in groups so establish
expectations for roles and responsibilities
early in the writing process
bull Permissions and Approvals
bull permissions for reprinting copyrighted
material
bull Ethical Considerations
Plagiarism amp Self- plagiarism
bull Passing off other
peoplersquos writing (or
tables and figures) as
your own
bull cutting and pasting
sentences or even
phrases from another
source
bull slightly rewriting or re-
arranging othersrsquo
words
Recycling your own
writing or data
bull Copying or only
slightly rewriting text
from your own
published papers
bull Adding new data to
already published
data and presenting it
as new results
Submitting identical or overlapping data to multiple journals
Submission checklist
bull Keywords
bull JEL Codes
bull All figure captions
bull All tables (including title description)
bull Manuscript has been spell-checked and grammar-
checked
bull References are in the correct format for this journal
bull All references mentioned in the Reference list are cited
in the text and vice versa
bull Permission has been obtained for use of copyrighted
material from other sources (including the Web)
Cover letter
Put the puzzle together
LOGO
Thank You
Bibliography
bull Jaba E (2002) Statistica Editura Economică București
bull Day A amp Peters A D (1996) How to get research published in journals Aldershot
Gower
bull Academic Writing and Research Skills Workshop Mancester University
bull APA Research Style Crib Sheet by Professor Russ Dewey amp Dr Abel Scribe PhD -
Fall 2007
bull Writing Articles for Peer-Review Publications A Quick Reference Guide
bull Chin B (2004) How to write a great research paper John Wiley amp Sons
bull Pieter M Kroonenberg (2007)How to write an article Leiden University
bull Daniel P J Soule Lucy Whiteley and Shona McIntosh Writing for Scholarly
Journals eSharp
bull Stephen E Dew (2013)The 5 Step Essay Writing Process
bull Kristin Sainani Writing in the Sciences Stanford University
bull httpwebupaczasitefilesfile40753writing_an_academic_journal_articlepdf
bull Sebastian-Florian Enea Silvia Palașcă Claudiu Țigănaș (2013) G7 COUNTRIES ndash
ADVOCATES OF THE GLOBAL BUSINESS CYCLE GEBA 2013 Iași
bull Enea Sebastian (2013) EVALUATING GLOBALIZATION BY MEANS OF FUZZY
CLUSTER ANALYSIS IE Bucharest
bull Oxford Dictionary httpwwwoxforddictionariescom
Verbs make the World go round
Donrsquot turn verbs into
nouns
Donrsquot bury the
main verb
Writing Environment
bull MS Word
bull Developed for average
users
bull WYSIWYG
bull Auto references
bull Thesaurus
bull LaTeX
bull Developed for
profesionals
bull Requires learning the
syntax
bull Latex makes difficult
things easy and easy
things very difficult
bull Prefered by publishers
LaTeX
Tables and figures
Tables
bull Most journals use three
horizontal lines one
above the column
headings one below the
column headings and
one below the data
bull Follow journal guidelines
bull DO NOT copy-paste
result tables directly from
software
Figures
bull Visual impact
bull Show trends and patterns
bull Tell a quick story
bull Tell the whole story
bull Highlight a particular
result
bull Always provide caption
bull Use high resolution (1000
dpi BampW 300 dpi color)
Tables-Examples
Figures- Examples
Final draft check-list
bull Check for consistency
bull Check for numerical consistencybull Do the numbers in your abstract match the numbers in your
tablesfigurestext
bull Do the numbers in the text match those in the tablesfigures
bull Do the numbers in each tablefigure match those in other tablesfigures
bull Check your references style
bull Check your overall style
Submission information
bull Authorship
This can be a point of contention when
writing in groups so establish
expectations for roles and responsibilities
early in the writing process
bull Permissions and Approvals
bull permissions for reprinting copyrighted
material
bull Ethical Considerations
Plagiarism amp Self- plagiarism
bull Passing off other
peoplersquos writing (or
tables and figures) as
your own
bull cutting and pasting
sentences or even
phrases from another
source
bull slightly rewriting or re-
arranging othersrsquo
words
Recycling your own
writing or data
bull Copying or only
slightly rewriting text
from your own
published papers
bull Adding new data to
already published
data and presenting it
as new results
Submitting identical or overlapping data to multiple journals
Submission checklist
bull Keywords
bull JEL Codes
bull All figure captions
bull All tables (including title description)
bull Manuscript has been spell-checked and grammar-
checked
bull References are in the correct format for this journal
bull All references mentioned in the Reference list are cited
in the text and vice versa
bull Permission has been obtained for use of copyrighted
material from other sources (including the Web)
Cover letter
Put the puzzle together
LOGO
Thank You
Bibliography
bull Jaba E (2002) Statistica Editura Economică București
bull Day A amp Peters A D (1996) How to get research published in journals Aldershot
Gower
bull Academic Writing and Research Skills Workshop Mancester University
bull APA Research Style Crib Sheet by Professor Russ Dewey amp Dr Abel Scribe PhD -
Fall 2007
bull Writing Articles for Peer-Review Publications A Quick Reference Guide
bull Chin B (2004) How to write a great research paper John Wiley amp Sons
bull Pieter M Kroonenberg (2007)How to write an article Leiden University
bull Daniel P J Soule Lucy Whiteley and Shona McIntosh Writing for Scholarly
Journals eSharp
bull Stephen E Dew (2013)The 5 Step Essay Writing Process
bull Kristin Sainani Writing in the Sciences Stanford University
bull httpwebupaczasitefilesfile40753writing_an_academic_journal_articlepdf
bull Sebastian-Florian Enea Silvia Palașcă Claudiu Țigănaș (2013) G7 COUNTRIES ndash
ADVOCATES OF THE GLOBAL BUSINESS CYCLE GEBA 2013 Iași
bull Enea Sebastian (2013) EVALUATING GLOBALIZATION BY MEANS OF FUZZY
CLUSTER ANALYSIS IE Bucharest
bull Oxford Dictionary httpwwwoxforddictionariescom
Writing Environment
bull MS Word
bull Developed for average
users
bull WYSIWYG
bull Auto references
bull Thesaurus
bull LaTeX
bull Developed for
profesionals
bull Requires learning the
syntax
bull Latex makes difficult
things easy and easy
things very difficult
bull Prefered by publishers
LaTeX
Tables and figures
Tables
bull Most journals use three
horizontal lines one
above the column
headings one below the
column headings and
one below the data
bull Follow journal guidelines
bull DO NOT copy-paste
result tables directly from
software
Figures
bull Visual impact
bull Show trends and patterns
bull Tell a quick story
bull Tell the whole story
bull Highlight a particular
result
bull Always provide caption
bull Use high resolution (1000
dpi BampW 300 dpi color)
Tables-Examples
Figures- Examples
Final draft check-list
bull Check for consistency
bull Check for numerical consistencybull Do the numbers in your abstract match the numbers in your
tablesfigurestext
bull Do the numbers in the text match those in the tablesfigures
bull Do the numbers in each tablefigure match those in other tablesfigures
bull Check your references style
bull Check your overall style
Submission information
bull Authorship
This can be a point of contention when
writing in groups so establish
expectations for roles and responsibilities
early in the writing process
bull Permissions and Approvals
bull permissions for reprinting copyrighted
material
bull Ethical Considerations
Plagiarism amp Self- plagiarism
bull Passing off other
peoplersquos writing (or
tables and figures) as
your own
bull cutting and pasting
sentences or even
phrases from another
source
bull slightly rewriting or re-
arranging othersrsquo
words
Recycling your own
writing or data
bull Copying or only
slightly rewriting text
from your own
published papers
bull Adding new data to
already published
data and presenting it
as new results
Submitting identical or overlapping data to multiple journals
Submission checklist
bull Keywords
bull JEL Codes
bull All figure captions
bull All tables (including title description)
bull Manuscript has been spell-checked and grammar-
checked
bull References are in the correct format for this journal
bull All references mentioned in the Reference list are cited
in the text and vice versa
bull Permission has been obtained for use of copyrighted
material from other sources (including the Web)
Cover letter
Put the puzzle together
LOGO
Thank You
Bibliography
bull Jaba E (2002) Statistica Editura Economică București
bull Day A amp Peters A D (1996) How to get research published in journals Aldershot
Gower
bull Academic Writing and Research Skills Workshop Mancester University
bull APA Research Style Crib Sheet by Professor Russ Dewey amp Dr Abel Scribe PhD -
Fall 2007
bull Writing Articles for Peer-Review Publications A Quick Reference Guide
bull Chin B (2004) How to write a great research paper John Wiley amp Sons
bull Pieter M Kroonenberg (2007)How to write an article Leiden University
bull Daniel P J Soule Lucy Whiteley and Shona McIntosh Writing for Scholarly
Journals eSharp
bull Stephen E Dew (2013)The 5 Step Essay Writing Process
bull Kristin Sainani Writing in the Sciences Stanford University
bull httpwebupaczasitefilesfile40753writing_an_academic_journal_articlepdf
bull Sebastian-Florian Enea Silvia Palașcă Claudiu Țigănaș (2013) G7 COUNTRIES ndash
ADVOCATES OF THE GLOBAL BUSINESS CYCLE GEBA 2013 Iași
bull Enea Sebastian (2013) EVALUATING GLOBALIZATION BY MEANS OF FUZZY
CLUSTER ANALYSIS IE Bucharest
bull Oxford Dictionary httpwwwoxforddictionariescom
LaTeX
Tables and figures
Tables
bull Most journals use three
horizontal lines one
above the column
headings one below the
column headings and
one below the data
bull Follow journal guidelines
bull DO NOT copy-paste
result tables directly from
software
Figures
bull Visual impact
bull Show trends and patterns
bull Tell a quick story
bull Tell the whole story
bull Highlight a particular
result
bull Always provide caption
bull Use high resolution (1000
dpi BampW 300 dpi color)
Tables-Examples
Figures- Examples
Final draft check-list
bull Check for consistency
bull Check for numerical consistencybull Do the numbers in your abstract match the numbers in your
tablesfigurestext
bull Do the numbers in the text match those in the tablesfigures
bull Do the numbers in each tablefigure match those in other tablesfigures
bull Check your references style
bull Check your overall style
Submission information
bull Authorship
This can be a point of contention when
writing in groups so establish
expectations for roles and responsibilities
early in the writing process
bull Permissions and Approvals
bull permissions for reprinting copyrighted
material
bull Ethical Considerations
Plagiarism amp Self- plagiarism
bull Passing off other
peoplersquos writing (or
tables and figures) as
your own
bull cutting and pasting
sentences or even
phrases from another
source
bull slightly rewriting or re-
arranging othersrsquo
words
Recycling your own
writing or data
bull Copying or only
slightly rewriting text
from your own
published papers
bull Adding new data to
already published
data and presenting it
as new results
Submitting identical or overlapping data to multiple journals
Submission checklist
bull Keywords
bull JEL Codes
bull All figure captions
bull All tables (including title description)
bull Manuscript has been spell-checked and grammar-
checked
bull References are in the correct format for this journal
bull All references mentioned in the Reference list are cited
in the text and vice versa
bull Permission has been obtained for use of copyrighted
material from other sources (including the Web)
Cover letter
Put the puzzle together
LOGO
Thank You
Bibliography
bull Jaba E (2002) Statistica Editura Economică București
bull Day A amp Peters A D (1996) How to get research published in journals Aldershot
Gower
bull Academic Writing and Research Skills Workshop Mancester University
bull APA Research Style Crib Sheet by Professor Russ Dewey amp Dr Abel Scribe PhD -
Fall 2007
bull Writing Articles for Peer-Review Publications A Quick Reference Guide
bull Chin B (2004) How to write a great research paper John Wiley amp Sons
bull Pieter M Kroonenberg (2007)How to write an article Leiden University
bull Daniel P J Soule Lucy Whiteley and Shona McIntosh Writing for Scholarly
Journals eSharp
bull Stephen E Dew (2013)The 5 Step Essay Writing Process
bull Kristin Sainani Writing in the Sciences Stanford University
bull httpwebupaczasitefilesfile40753writing_an_academic_journal_articlepdf
bull Sebastian-Florian Enea Silvia Palașcă Claudiu Țigănaș (2013) G7 COUNTRIES ndash
ADVOCATES OF THE GLOBAL BUSINESS CYCLE GEBA 2013 Iași
bull Enea Sebastian (2013) EVALUATING GLOBALIZATION BY MEANS OF FUZZY
CLUSTER ANALYSIS IE Bucharest
bull Oxford Dictionary httpwwwoxforddictionariescom
Tables and figures
Tables
bull Most journals use three
horizontal lines one
above the column
headings one below the
column headings and
one below the data
bull Follow journal guidelines
bull DO NOT copy-paste
result tables directly from
software
Figures
bull Visual impact
bull Show trends and patterns
bull Tell a quick story
bull Tell the whole story
bull Highlight a particular
result
bull Always provide caption
bull Use high resolution (1000
dpi BampW 300 dpi color)
Tables-Examples
Figures- Examples
Final draft check-list
bull Check for consistency
bull Check for numerical consistencybull Do the numbers in your abstract match the numbers in your
tablesfigurestext
bull Do the numbers in the text match those in the tablesfigures
bull Do the numbers in each tablefigure match those in other tablesfigures
bull Check your references style
bull Check your overall style
Submission information
bull Authorship
This can be a point of contention when
writing in groups so establish
expectations for roles and responsibilities
early in the writing process
bull Permissions and Approvals
bull permissions for reprinting copyrighted
material
bull Ethical Considerations
Plagiarism amp Self- plagiarism
bull Passing off other
peoplersquos writing (or
tables and figures) as
your own
bull cutting and pasting
sentences or even
phrases from another
source
bull slightly rewriting or re-
arranging othersrsquo
words
Recycling your own
writing or data
bull Copying or only
slightly rewriting text
from your own
published papers
bull Adding new data to
already published
data and presenting it
as new results
Submitting identical or overlapping data to multiple journals
Submission checklist
bull Keywords
bull JEL Codes
bull All figure captions
bull All tables (including title description)
bull Manuscript has been spell-checked and grammar-
checked
bull References are in the correct format for this journal
bull All references mentioned in the Reference list are cited
in the text and vice versa
bull Permission has been obtained for use of copyrighted
material from other sources (including the Web)
Cover letter
Put the puzzle together
LOGO
Thank You
Bibliography
bull Jaba E (2002) Statistica Editura Economică București
bull Day A amp Peters A D (1996) How to get research published in journals Aldershot
Gower
bull Academic Writing and Research Skills Workshop Mancester University
bull APA Research Style Crib Sheet by Professor Russ Dewey amp Dr Abel Scribe PhD -
Fall 2007
bull Writing Articles for Peer-Review Publications A Quick Reference Guide
bull Chin B (2004) How to write a great research paper John Wiley amp Sons
bull Pieter M Kroonenberg (2007)How to write an article Leiden University
bull Daniel P J Soule Lucy Whiteley and Shona McIntosh Writing for Scholarly
Journals eSharp
bull Stephen E Dew (2013)The 5 Step Essay Writing Process
bull Kristin Sainani Writing in the Sciences Stanford University
bull httpwebupaczasitefilesfile40753writing_an_academic_journal_articlepdf
bull Sebastian-Florian Enea Silvia Palașcă Claudiu Țigănaș (2013) G7 COUNTRIES ndash
ADVOCATES OF THE GLOBAL BUSINESS CYCLE GEBA 2013 Iași
bull Enea Sebastian (2013) EVALUATING GLOBALIZATION BY MEANS OF FUZZY
CLUSTER ANALYSIS IE Bucharest
bull Oxford Dictionary httpwwwoxforddictionariescom
Tables-Examples
Figures- Examples
Final draft check-list
bull Check for consistency
bull Check for numerical consistencybull Do the numbers in your abstract match the numbers in your
tablesfigurestext
bull Do the numbers in the text match those in the tablesfigures
bull Do the numbers in each tablefigure match those in other tablesfigures
bull Check your references style
bull Check your overall style
Submission information
bull Authorship
This can be a point of contention when
writing in groups so establish
expectations for roles and responsibilities
early in the writing process
bull Permissions and Approvals
bull permissions for reprinting copyrighted
material
bull Ethical Considerations
Plagiarism amp Self- plagiarism
bull Passing off other
peoplersquos writing (or
tables and figures) as
your own
bull cutting and pasting
sentences or even
phrases from another
source
bull slightly rewriting or re-
arranging othersrsquo
words
Recycling your own
writing or data
bull Copying or only
slightly rewriting text
from your own
published papers
bull Adding new data to
already published
data and presenting it
as new results
Submitting identical or overlapping data to multiple journals
Submission checklist
bull Keywords
bull JEL Codes
bull All figure captions
bull All tables (including title description)
bull Manuscript has been spell-checked and grammar-
checked
bull References are in the correct format for this journal
bull All references mentioned in the Reference list are cited
in the text and vice versa
bull Permission has been obtained for use of copyrighted
material from other sources (including the Web)
Cover letter
Put the puzzle together
LOGO
Thank You
Bibliography
bull Jaba E (2002) Statistica Editura Economică București
bull Day A amp Peters A D (1996) How to get research published in journals Aldershot
Gower
bull Academic Writing and Research Skills Workshop Mancester University
bull APA Research Style Crib Sheet by Professor Russ Dewey amp Dr Abel Scribe PhD -
Fall 2007
bull Writing Articles for Peer-Review Publications A Quick Reference Guide
bull Chin B (2004) How to write a great research paper John Wiley amp Sons
bull Pieter M Kroonenberg (2007)How to write an article Leiden University
bull Daniel P J Soule Lucy Whiteley and Shona McIntosh Writing for Scholarly
Journals eSharp
bull Stephen E Dew (2013)The 5 Step Essay Writing Process
bull Kristin Sainani Writing in the Sciences Stanford University
bull httpwebupaczasitefilesfile40753writing_an_academic_journal_articlepdf
bull Sebastian-Florian Enea Silvia Palașcă Claudiu Țigănaș (2013) G7 COUNTRIES ndash
ADVOCATES OF THE GLOBAL BUSINESS CYCLE GEBA 2013 Iași
bull Enea Sebastian (2013) EVALUATING GLOBALIZATION BY MEANS OF FUZZY
CLUSTER ANALYSIS IE Bucharest
bull Oxford Dictionary httpwwwoxforddictionariescom
Figures- Examples
Final draft check-list
bull Check for consistency
bull Check for numerical consistencybull Do the numbers in your abstract match the numbers in your
tablesfigurestext
bull Do the numbers in the text match those in the tablesfigures
bull Do the numbers in each tablefigure match those in other tablesfigures
bull Check your references style
bull Check your overall style
Submission information
bull Authorship
This can be a point of contention when
writing in groups so establish
expectations for roles and responsibilities
early in the writing process
bull Permissions and Approvals
bull permissions for reprinting copyrighted
material
bull Ethical Considerations
Plagiarism amp Self- plagiarism
bull Passing off other
peoplersquos writing (or
tables and figures) as
your own
bull cutting and pasting
sentences or even
phrases from another
source
bull slightly rewriting or re-
arranging othersrsquo
words
Recycling your own
writing or data
bull Copying or only
slightly rewriting text
from your own
published papers
bull Adding new data to
already published
data and presenting it
as new results
Submitting identical or overlapping data to multiple journals
Submission checklist
bull Keywords
bull JEL Codes
bull All figure captions
bull All tables (including title description)
bull Manuscript has been spell-checked and grammar-
checked
bull References are in the correct format for this journal
bull All references mentioned in the Reference list are cited
in the text and vice versa
bull Permission has been obtained for use of copyrighted
material from other sources (including the Web)
Cover letter
Put the puzzle together
LOGO
Thank You
Bibliography
bull Jaba E (2002) Statistica Editura Economică București
bull Day A amp Peters A D (1996) How to get research published in journals Aldershot
Gower
bull Academic Writing and Research Skills Workshop Mancester University
bull APA Research Style Crib Sheet by Professor Russ Dewey amp Dr Abel Scribe PhD -
Fall 2007
bull Writing Articles for Peer-Review Publications A Quick Reference Guide
bull Chin B (2004) How to write a great research paper John Wiley amp Sons
bull Pieter M Kroonenberg (2007)How to write an article Leiden University
bull Daniel P J Soule Lucy Whiteley and Shona McIntosh Writing for Scholarly
Journals eSharp
bull Stephen E Dew (2013)The 5 Step Essay Writing Process
bull Kristin Sainani Writing in the Sciences Stanford University
bull httpwebupaczasitefilesfile40753writing_an_academic_journal_articlepdf
bull Sebastian-Florian Enea Silvia Palașcă Claudiu Țigănaș (2013) G7 COUNTRIES ndash
ADVOCATES OF THE GLOBAL BUSINESS CYCLE GEBA 2013 Iași
bull Enea Sebastian (2013) EVALUATING GLOBALIZATION BY MEANS OF FUZZY
CLUSTER ANALYSIS IE Bucharest
bull Oxford Dictionary httpwwwoxforddictionariescom
Final draft check-list
bull Check for consistency
bull Check for numerical consistencybull Do the numbers in your abstract match the numbers in your
tablesfigurestext
bull Do the numbers in the text match those in the tablesfigures
bull Do the numbers in each tablefigure match those in other tablesfigures
bull Check your references style
bull Check your overall style
Submission information
bull Authorship
This can be a point of contention when
writing in groups so establish
expectations for roles and responsibilities
early in the writing process
bull Permissions and Approvals
bull permissions for reprinting copyrighted
material
bull Ethical Considerations
Plagiarism amp Self- plagiarism
bull Passing off other
peoplersquos writing (or
tables and figures) as
your own
bull cutting and pasting
sentences or even
phrases from another
source
bull slightly rewriting or re-
arranging othersrsquo
words
Recycling your own
writing or data
bull Copying or only
slightly rewriting text
from your own
published papers
bull Adding new data to
already published
data and presenting it
as new results
Submitting identical or overlapping data to multiple journals
Submission checklist
bull Keywords
bull JEL Codes
bull All figure captions
bull All tables (including title description)
bull Manuscript has been spell-checked and grammar-
checked
bull References are in the correct format for this journal
bull All references mentioned in the Reference list are cited
in the text and vice versa
bull Permission has been obtained for use of copyrighted
material from other sources (including the Web)
Cover letter
Put the puzzle together
LOGO
Thank You
Bibliography
bull Jaba E (2002) Statistica Editura Economică București
bull Day A amp Peters A D (1996) How to get research published in journals Aldershot
Gower
bull Academic Writing and Research Skills Workshop Mancester University
bull APA Research Style Crib Sheet by Professor Russ Dewey amp Dr Abel Scribe PhD -
Fall 2007
bull Writing Articles for Peer-Review Publications A Quick Reference Guide
bull Chin B (2004) How to write a great research paper John Wiley amp Sons
bull Pieter M Kroonenberg (2007)How to write an article Leiden University
bull Daniel P J Soule Lucy Whiteley and Shona McIntosh Writing for Scholarly
Journals eSharp
bull Stephen E Dew (2013)The 5 Step Essay Writing Process
bull Kristin Sainani Writing in the Sciences Stanford University
bull httpwebupaczasitefilesfile40753writing_an_academic_journal_articlepdf
bull Sebastian-Florian Enea Silvia Palașcă Claudiu Țigănaș (2013) G7 COUNTRIES ndash
ADVOCATES OF THE GLOBAL BUSINESS CYCLE GEBA 2013 Iași
bull Enea Sebastian (2013) EVALUATING GLOBALIZATION BY MEANS OF FUZZY
CLUSTER ANALYSIS IE Bucharest
bull Oxford Dictionary httpwwwoxforddictionariescom
Submission information
bull Authorship
This can be a point of contention when
writing in groups so establish
expectations for roles and responsibilities
early in the writing process
bull Permissions and Approvals
bull permissions for reprinting copyrighted
material
bull Ethical Considerations
Plagiarism amp Self- plagiarism
bull Passing off other
peoplersquos writing (or
tables and figures) as
your own
bull cutting and pasting
sentences or even
phrases from another
source
bull slightly rewriting or re-
arranging othersrsquo
words
Recycling your own
writing or data
bull Copying or only
slightly rewriting text
from your own
published papers
bull Adding new data to
already published
data and presenting it
as new results
Submitting identical or overlapping data to multiple journals
Submission checklist
bull Keywords
bull JEL Codes
bull All figure captions
bull All tables (including title description)
bull Manuscript has been spell-checked and grammar-
checked
bull References are in the correct format for this journal
bull All references mentioned in the Reference list are cited
in the text and vice versa
bull Permission has been obtained for use of copyrighted
material from other sources (including the Web)
Cover letter
Put the puzzle together
LOGO
Thank You
Bibliography
bull Jaba E (2002) Statistica Editura Economică București
bull Day A amp Peters A D (1996) How to get research published in journals Aldershot
Gower
bull Academic Writing and Research Skills Workshop Mancester University
bull APA Research Style Crib Sheet by Professor Russ Dewey amp Dr Abel Scribe PhD -
Fall 2007
bull Writing Articles for Peer-Review Publications A Quick Reference Guide
bull Chin B (2004) How to write a great research paper John Wiley amp Sons
bull Pieter M Kroonenberg (2007)How to write an article Leiden University
bull Daniel P J Soule Lucy Whiteley and Shona McIntosh Writing for Scholarly
Journals eSharp
bull Stephen E Dew (2013)The 5 Step Essay Writing Process
bull Kristin Sainani Writing in the Sciences Stanford University
bull httpwebupaczasitefilesfile40753writing_an_academic_journal_articlepdf
bull Sebastian-Florian Enea Silvia Palașcă Claudiu Țigănaș (2013) G7 COUNTRIES ndash
ADVOCATES OF THE GLOBAL BUSINESS CYCLE GEBA 2013 Iași
bull Enea Sebastian (2013) EVALUATING GLOBALIZATION BY MEANS OF FUZZY
CLUSTER ANALYSIS IE Bucharest
bull Oxford Dictionary httpwwwoxforddictionariescom
Plagiarism amp Self- plagiarism
bull Passing off other
peoplersquos writing (or
tables and figures) as
your own
bull cutting and pasting
sentences or even
phrases from another
source
bull slightly rewriting or re-
arranging othersrsquo
words
Recycling your own
writing or data
bull Copying or only
slightly rewriting text
from your own
published papers
bull Adding new data to
already published
data and presenting it
as new results
Submitting identical or overlapping data to multiple journals
Submission checklist
bull Keywords
bull JEL Codes
bull All figure captions
bull All tables (including title description)
bull Manuscript has been spell-checked and grammar-
checked
bull References are in the correct format for this journal
bull All references mentioned in the Reference list are cited
in the text and vice versa
bull Permission has been obtained for use of copyrighted
material from other sources (including the Web)
Cover letter
Put the puzzle together
LOGO
Thank You
Bibliography
bull Jaba E (2002) Statistica Editura Economică București
bull Day A amp Peters A D (1996) How to get research published in journals Aldershot
Gower
bull Academic Writing and Research Skills Workshop Mancester University
bull APA Research Style Crib Sheet by Professor Russ Dewey amp Dr Abel Scribe PhD -
Fall 2007
bull Writing Articles for Peer-Review Publications A Quick Reference Guide
bull Chin B (2004) How to write a great research paper John Wiley amp Sons
bull Pieter M Kroonenberg (2007)How to write an article Leiden University
bull Daniel P J Soule Lucy Whiteley and Shona McIntosh Writing for Scholarly
Journals eSharp
bull Stephen E Dew (2013)The 5 Step Essay Writing Process
bull Kristin Sainani Writing in the Sciences Stanford University
bull httpwebupaczasitefilesfile40753writing_an_academic_journal_articlepdf
bull Sebastian-Florian Enea Silvia Palașcă Claudiu Țigănaș (2013) G7 COUNTRIES ndash
ADVOCATES OF THE GLOBAL BUSINESS CYCLE GEBA 2013 Iași
bull Enea Sebastian (2013) EVALUATING GLOBALIZATION BY MEANS OF FUZZY
CLUSTER ANALYSIS IE Bucharest
bull Oxford Dictionary httpwwwoxforddictionariescom
Submission checklist
bull Keywords
bull JEL Codes
bull All figure captions
bull All tables (including title description)
bull Manuscript has been spell-checked and grammar-
checked
bull References are in the correct format for this journal
bull All references mentioned in the Reference list are cited
in the text and vice versa
bull Permission has been obtained for use of copyrighted
material from other sources (including the Web)
Cover letter
Put the puzzle together
LOGO
Thank You
Bibliography
bull Jaba E (2002) Statistica Editura Economică București
bull Day A amp Peters A D (1996) How to get research published in journals Aldershot
Gower
bull Academic Writing and Research Skills Workshop Mancester University
bull APA Research Style Crib Sheet by Professor Russ Dewey amp Dr Abel Scribe PhD -
Fall 2007
bull Writing Articles for Peer-Review Publications A Quick Reference Guide
bull Chin B (2004) How to write a great research paper John Wiley amp Sons
bull Pieter M Kroonenberg (2007)How to write an article Leiden University
bull Daniel P J Soule Lucy Whiteley and Shona McIntosh Writing for Scholarly
Journals eSharp
bull Stephen E Dew (2013)The 5 Step Essay Writing Process
bull Kristin Sainani Writing in the Sciences Stanford University
bull httpwebupaczasitefilesfile40753writing_an_academic_journal_articlepdf
bull Sebastian-Florian Enea Silvia Palașcă Claudiu Țigănaș (2013) G7 COUNTRIES ndash
ADVOCATES OF THE GLOBAL BUSINESS CYCLE GEBA 2013 Iași
bull Enea Sebastian (2013) EVALUATING GLOBALIZATION BY MEANS OF FUZZY
CLUSTER ANALYSIS IE Bucharest
bull Oxford Dictionary httpwwwoxforddictionariescom
Cover letter
Put the puzzle together
LOGO
Thank You
Bibliography
bull Jaba E (2002) Statistica Editura Economică București
bull Day A amp Peters A D (1996) How to get research published in journals Aldershot
Gower
bull Academic Writing and Research Skills Workshop Mancester University
bull APA Research Style Crib Sheet by Professor Russ Dewey amp Dr Abel Scribe PhD -
Fall 2007
bull Writing Articles for Peer-Review Publications A Quick Reference Guide
bull Chin B (2004) How to write a great research paper John Wiley amp Sons
bull Pieter M Kroonenberg (2007)How to write an article Leiden University
bull Daniel P J Soule Lucy Whiteley and Shona McIntosh Writing for Scholarly
Journals eSharp
bull Stephen E Dew (2013)The 5 Step Essay Writing Process
bull Kristin Sainani Writing in the Sciences Stanford University
bull httpwebupaczasitefilesfile40753writing_an_academic_journal_articlepdf
bull Sebastian-Florian Enea Silvia Palașcă Claudiu Țigănaș (2013) G7 COUNTRIES ndash
ADVOCATES OF THE GLOBAL BUSINESS CYCLE GEBA 2013 Iași
bull Enea Sebastian (2013) EVALUATING GLOBALIZATION BY MEANS OF FUZZY
CLUSTER ANALYSIS IE Bucharest
bull Oxford Dictionary httpwwwoxforddictionariescom
Put the puzzle together
LOGO
Thank You
Bibliography
bull Jaba E (2002) Statistica Editura Economică București
bull Day A amp Peters A D (1996) How to get research published in journals Aldershot
Gower
bull Academic Writing and Research Skills Workshop Mancester University
bull APA Research Style Crib Sheet by Professor Russ Dewey amp Dr Abel Scribe PhD -
Fall 2007
bull Writing Articles for Peer-Review Publications A Quick Reference Guide
bull Chin B (2004) How to write a great research paper John Wiley amp Sons
bull Pieter M Kroonenberg (2007)How to write an article Leiden University
bull Daniel P J Soule Lucy Whiteley and Shona McIntosh Writing for Scholarly
Journals eSharp
bull Stephen E Dew (2013)The 5 Step Essay Writing Process
bull Kristin Sainani Writing in the Sciences Stanford University
bull httpwebupaczasitefilesfile40753writing_an_academic_journal_articlepdf
bull Sebastian-Florian Enea Silvia Palașcă Claudiu Țigănaș (2013) G7 COUNTRIES ndash
ADVOCATES OF THE GLOBAL BUSINESS CYCLE GEBA 2013 Iași
bull Enea Sebastian (2013) EVALUATING GLOBALIZATION BY MEANS OF FUZZY
CLUSTER ANALYSIS IE Bucharest
bull Oxford Dictionary httpwwwoxforddictionariescom
LOGO
Thank You
Bibliography
bull Jaba E (2002) Statistica Editura Economică București
bull Day A amp Peters A D (1996) How to get research published in journals Aldershot
Gower
bull Academic Writing and Research Skills Workshop Mancester University
bull APA Research Style Crib Sheet by Professor Russ Dewey amp Dr Abel Scribe PhD -
Fall 2007
bull Writing Articles for Peer-Review Publications A Quick Reference Guide
bull Chin B (2004) How to write a great research paper John Wiley amp Sons
bull Pieter M Kroonenberg (2007)How to write an article Leiden University
bull Daniel P J Soule Lucy Whiteley and Shona McIntosh Writing for Scholarly
Journals eSharp
bull Stephen E Dew (2013)The 5 Step Essay Writing Process
bull Kristin Sainani Writing in the Sciences Stanford University
bull httpwebupaczasitefilesfile40753writing_an_academic_journal_articlepdf
bull Sebastian-Florian Enea Silvia Palașcă Claudiu Țigănaș (2013) G7 COUNTRIES ndash
ADVOCATES OF THE GLOBAL BUSINESS CYCLE GEBA 2013 Iași
bull Enea Sebastian (2013) EVALUATING GLOBALIZATION BY MEANS OF FUZZY
CLUSTER ANALYSIS IE Bucharest
bull Oxford Dictionary httpwwwoxforddictionariescom
Bibliography
bull Jaba E (2002) Statistica Editura Economică București
bull Day A amp Peters A D (1996) How to get research published in journals Aldershot
Gower
bull Academic Writing and Research Skills Workshop Mancester University
bull APA Research Style Crib Sheet by Professor Russ Dewey amp Dr Abel Scribe PhD -
Fall 2007
bull Writing Articles for Peer-Review Publications A Quick Reference Guide
bull Chin B (2004) How to write a great research paper John Wiley amp Sons
bull Pieter M Kroonenberg (2007)How to write an article Leiden University
bull Daniel P J Soule Lucy Whiteley and Shona McIntosh Writing for Scholarly
Journals eSharp
bull Stephen E Dew (2013)The 5 Step Essay Writing Process
bull Kristin Sainani Writing in the Sciences Stanford University
bull httpwebupaczasitefilesfile40753writing_an_academic_journal_articlepdf
bull Sebastian-Florian Enea Silvia Palașcă Claudiu Țigănaș (2013) G7 COUNTRIES ndash
ADVOCATES OF THE GLOBAL BUSINESS CYCLE GEBA 2013 Iași
bull Enea Sebastian (2013) EVALUATING GLOBALIZATION BY MEANS OF FUZZY
CLUSTER ANALYSIS IE Bucharest
bull Oxford Dictionary httpwwwoxforddictionariescom