Surprising truths about Charles Darwin David Pannell University of Western Australia.
CLU3M - Law Unit 1 International Law. PP#6 Ms Pannell Source: Gibson, Murphy, Jarman and Grant,. ALL...
-
Upload
alexia-stevenson -
Category
Documents
-
view
234 -
download
4
Transcript of CLU3M - Law Unit 1 International Law. PP#6 Ms Pannell Source: Gibson, Murphy, Jarman and Grant,. ALL...
CLU3M - Law
Unit 1 International Law. PP#6Ms Pannell
Source: Gibson, Murphy, Jarman and Grant, . ALL ABOUT THE LAW Exploring the Canadian Legal System. 5th. Toronto: Nelson, 2003. Print. Pp22-29
Canada and International Law
Globalization The transformation of the world into a global
community Trade alliances Electronics / technology
Globalization
Legal consequences:1. Interactions among nations have become more complex
2. Resulted in more disagreements
International law governs relationships between states.
States must agree to follow rules of international law when they form relationships with each other.
What is a State?
A group of people1. Is recognized as an independent country2. Has territory ruled by a sovereign (independent
government) that can enter into relationship with other states
Canada is one of 195 sovereign states in the world today 192 members of the UN U.S. State Department recognized 194 States
(exception – Taiwan)
International Law – 3 Types
1. Customary Law practices states follow consistently which they assume are
obligatory Not actual written codes but found in the written
judgments in international law cases
2. Treaty Law Binding agreements , freely entered into by states
3. Resolutions “soft law” (lack the force f customary or treaty law) Purpose – can be adopted quickly
Customary Law- Principles
Sovereignty a nation’s absolute power to govern itself Control over its territory to the exclusion of other states
Recognition Sovereign nations must be recognized by other states
Consent States are bound by new international laws only after they
freely give consentGood Faith
States expected to conduct their affairs with reasonableness and common sense – in how they interpret and use international law
Customary Law- Principles cont.
Freedom of the Seas States cannot claim ownership of any portion of the high seas –
and airspace above the high seasInternational Responsibility
A state that does not meet an international obligation has committed a wrongful act.
It may face criminal penaltiesSelf-Defence
A threat of use of force against other states is unlawful (UN). International law recognizes a that states have the right to defend themselves against hostile act
Humanitarianism Respect for the interests of humankind – famine or disaster
relief
Treaty Law
Binding agreements , freely entered into by states 5 step process – see page 24 (textbook)
Charter Treaties that establish international organizations
Conventions Treaties that are negotiated by many countries, to which
all countries of the world may become partners
Protocols Treaties that add to earlier treaties on the same topic
Treaty Law continued
Treaties – main method of dealing with international problems and conflict
1. Territory – ban further seizure of territory
2. Diplomatic Law and Immunity – states carry on their relations through diplomats and envoys – privileges
3. Protection of Nationals Abroad – Foreign nationals are entitled to protection of life, liberty and property. International law recognizes a state’s right to seize and nationalize property in national interest
Treaty Law continued
4. Extradition and Asylum- extradition treaties let nations bring home people who are trying to escape justice
5. International Trade – international trade agreements (NAFTA
6. Arms Control – banning the testing of nuclear weapons,
Resolutions
“soft law” (lack the force f customary or treaty law) Purpose – can be adopted quickly Can form the basis for later treaty negotiation
International Organizations
Developing and applying international law Resolving disputes between states
United Nations (1945)1. Not the world government
2. Does not have sovereign authority to make laws
3. Passes resolutions
4. 192 nation members
UN
General Assembly Each nation gets 1
vote 2/3 majority makes
a decision on major matters
Cannot demand actions but its resolutions carry strong moral authority
UN
Security Council Responsible for maintain peace and security 15 members, 5 of which are permanent
members (china, U.S., France, Great Britain and Russia)
Have Veto power
International Law
Based on principles, rather then on exact wordings
Takes into account the generally accepted practices of judicial systems around the world
Deals only with disputes between countries, not individuals
An individual cannot bring a complaint against a country
The International Court of Justice
Established by the UN in 1945 in The Hague, Netherlands
15 judges, elected by the General Assembly and the Security Council
To maintain peace and security, and to develop friendly relations among nations.
Settles cases involving international borders, diplomatic relations, the right of the country to handle international affairs as it deems fit
The International Court of Justice
Established by the UN in 1945 in The Hague, Netherlands
15 judges, elected by the General Assembly and the Security Council
To maintain peace and security, and to develop friendly relations among nations.
Settles cases involving international borders, diplomatic relations, the right of the country to handle international affairs as it deems fit