Silvira Florencya 090210401061Tri Wayati 090210401064Qadrina Lailyn Amrullah 090210401067Wahyu Arista 090210401090Dwi Wirastianti Novita S 100210401136

Cloze Test Cloze Test andand C-C-TestTest

Cloze Test Cloze Test andand C-C-TestTest

The Definition of Cloze TestThe Definition of Cloze Test A cloze test involves a piece of text, from which a number

of words have been removed.

The Cloze Test is intended to measure students’ ability to decode interrupted or mutilated messages by making the most acceptable substitutions from all the contextual clues available.

The principle of cloze testing is based on the Gestalt theory of “closure” (closing gaps in patterns subconsciously).

Cloze TestCloze TestCloze TestCloze Test

The Characteristic of Cloze TestThe Characteristic of Cloze Test

Cloze test items consist of words that are deleted from a

text after allowing a few sentences of introduction.

The deletion rate is mechanically set, usually between

every 5th and 8th .

Candidates have to fill each gap by supplying the words

they think has been deleted (Weir, 1990:46).

The Varieties of Cloze TestThe Varieties of Cloze Test In the fixed-ratio method, every n-th word is indiscriminately

deleted. n is its frequency that determines the number of deletions.

The interval deletion of cloze test is between 3rd – 11th word. The most widely favoured for deletion: 5th, 6th, and 7th.

Variable-ratio method omits only certain kind of words which the constructor thinks of the importance for a certain purposes, such as nouns, verbs, adjectives, adverbs, prepositions, etc.

In modified fixed-ratio method, words are deleted on a regular counting basis, but certain items are skipped. These items include names of persons, places, objects, dates, months etc.

The Example of Cloze TestThe Example of Cloze Test

Hidden Treasure

Once upon a time, a farmer had three sons. The farmer was rich ……… had many fields. When ……… farmer was dying, he ……… his three sons to ……… . “I have left you ……… which will make you ………”, he told them. “But ……… must dig in all ……… fields to find the ……… where the treasure was ………”. After the old man ………, his three lazy sons ……… out into the fields. ……… began to dig. “I’ll ……… the first to find ……… place where the treasure ……… buried”, cried the eldest ……… . “That’s the field where ……… father put the treasure”, ……… another son. The three ……… dug all the fields ……… several years, but they ……… no treasure. However, many ……… grew in the fields ……… the sons had dug. The vegetables made them very rich.

Lead inLead in

DeletedDeleted

The Differences between Cloze Test and Fill In The Blank

1. The appearance of Cloze and completion type or simple blank filling test/fill-in blank test is similar, but they are different.

2. In Cloze test, the deleted words are not deleted subjectively but systematically. Besides, it is over substantial portions of connected discourse (dealing with contextually interrelated series of blanks, not isolated ones).

3. Fill-in blank tests are constructed over single isolated sentences.

The Scoring MethodThe Scoring Method

According to Krachen (1978) there are two methods of scoring the cloze test:1.The exact word scoring method in which the completion is counted as correct as long as it is exactly the same as the original word being deleted from the text.

2.The approximate word scoring method in which the correctness of an item is put on the basis of its suitability to the total surrounding of the text.

The Advantages of Cloze TestThe Advantages of Cloze Test

1.Easy to construct and easy to score if the exact-word scoring method is applied.

2. With the 5th word deletion, a large number of items can be taken on a relatively a short text.

3. It is claimed as a valid measure for reading comprehension test.

The Advantages of Cloze TestThe Advantages of Cloze Test

1.Easy to construct and easy to score if the exact-word scoring method is applied.

2. With the 5th word deletion, a large number of items can be taken on a relatively a short text.

3. It is claimed as a valid measure for reading comprehension test.

The Disadvantages of Cloze The Disadvantages of Cloze TestTest

It is difficult to determine whether a certain word is appropriate to the text or not, so that is takes a long time to check.

The Disadvantages of Cloze The Disadvantages of Cloze TestTest

It is difficult to determine whether a certain word is appropriate to the text or not, so that is takes a long time to check.

The Definition of C-TestThe Definition of C-Test

The C-test is an adaptation of the cloze technique that has been developed by Christinee Klein-Braley and Ulrich Raatz in 1983.

Weir (1990:49) claims that C-test is based on the same theoretical rationale as cloze.

In C-test, “the rule of two” has been applied: the second half of every second word has been deleted, beginning with the second word of the second sentence; the first and last sentences are left intact.

To provide a lead-in (to give test takers a chance to become familiar with the author’s style and approach to the subject of the text).

C-TestC-TestC-TestC-Test

The Example of C-TestThe Example of C-Test

Once there was a merchant family who owned a dog and a

donkey. One night when t__ owner o_ the ho___ was fa__ a sleep

i_ his b__, a th___ broke in___ the ho___ to st___ some o_ the

own___ possessions. Th_ donkey w__ saw th_ thief, wo__ the d__

up a__ said, “H_! Look! Th___ a th___ in t__ house! W__ don’t y__

bark a__ wake t__ master u_? “ Why should I care about our

master?” the dog replied.

Lead inLead in

DeletedDeleted

ni___ni___

The Scoring MethodThe Scoring Method

According to Weir (1990:49), only an exact word scoring method is adopted in C-test. Because of the partially deletion of the words, it is rare for the test takers to find more than one answer for each items.

The Comparison with the Cloze Test

The C-test appears to have some advantages over the cloze test:

By “damaging” every second word, we can obtain a more

representative sample of all the different language elements in the

text than in the cloze, where normally only every fifth or sixth word

is left out.

Many more items can be included in much shorter texts, making

the test less time-consuming for the students than the cloze.

Unlike the cloze test, scoring is easy and objective.

As a rule, students actually like doing C-tests, whereas the cloze

test is one of the most frustrating test types for learners.

The Advantages of C-TestThe Advantages of C-Test

1.In C-test, a variety of texts are recommended. A short text can be formed a large number of items.

2.The correction of the task can be objectively scored as it is rare to have more than one answer.

3.The results are encouraging in terms of reliability and validity.

The Advantages of C-TestThe Advantages of C-Test

1.In C-test, a variety of texts are recommended. A short text can be formed a large number of items.

2.The correction of the task can be objectively scored as it is rare to have more than one answer.

3.The results are encouraging in terms of reliability and validity.

The Disadvantages of C-TestThe Disadvantages of C-Test

1.The face validity is low because there are many blanks spaces.

2.If the isolated words are difficult, the test takers concentrate their mind in guessing the vocabulary instead of comprehending the rading text.

The Disadvantages of C-TestThe Disadvantages of C-Test

1.The face validity is low because there are many blanks spaces.

2.If the isolated words are difficult, the test takers concentrate their mind in guessing the vocabulary instead of comprehending the rading text.