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CloudEngine 6800&5800 Series Switches
V100R001C00
Configuration Guide - IP Multicast
Issue 04
Date 2013-07-10
HUAWEI TECHNOLOGIES CO., LTD.
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Copyright Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd. 2013. All rights reserved.
No part of this document may be reproduced or transmitted in any form or by any means without prior written
consent of Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd.
Trademarks and Permissions
and other Huawei trademarks are trademarks of Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd.
All other trademarks and trade names mentioned in this document are the property of their respective holders.
Notice
The purchased products, services and features are stipulated by the contract made between Huawei and the
customer. All or part of the products, services and features described in this document may not be within the
purchase scope or the usage scope. Unless otherwise specified in the contract, all statements, information,and recommendations in this document are provided "AS IS" without warranties, guarantees or representations
of any kind, either express or implied.
The information in this document is subject to change without notice. Every effort has been made in the
preparation of this document to ensure accuracy of the contents, but all statements, information, and
recommendations in this document do not constitute a warranty of any kind, express or implied.
Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd.
Address: Huawei Industrial Base
Bantian, Longgang
Shenzhen 518129
People's Republic of China
Website: http://enterprise.huawei.com
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About This Document
Intended Audience
This document describes the concepts and configuration procedures of IP multicast on the CE
series switches, and provides the configuration examples.
This document is intended for:
l Data configuration engineers
l Commissioning engineers
l Network monitoring engineers
l System maintenance engineers
Symbol Conventions
The symbols that may be found in this document are defined as follows.
Symbol Description
DANGER
Indicates a hazard with a high level or medium level of risk
which, if not avoided, could result in death or serious injury.
WARNINGIndicates a hazard with a low level of risk which, if notavoided, could result in minor or moderate injury.
CAUTION
Indicates a potentially hazardous situation that, if not
avoided, could result in equipment damage, data loss,
performance deterioration, or unanticipated results.
TIP Provides a tip that may help you solve a problem or save time.
NOTE Provides additional information to emphasize or supplement
important points in the main text.
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Command Conventions
The command conventions that may be found in this document are defined as follows.
Convention Description
Boldface The keywords of a command line are in boldface.
Italic Command arguments are in italics.
[ ] Items (keywords or arguments) in brackets [ ] are optional.
{ x | y | ... } Optional items are grouped in braces and separated by
vertical bars. One item is selected.
[ x | y | ... ] Optional items are grouped in brackets and separated by
vertical bars. One item is selected or no item is selected.
{ x | y | ... }* Optional items are grouped in braces and separated byvertical bars. A minimum of one item or a maximum of all
items can be selected.
[ x | y | ... ]* Optional items are grouped in brackets and separated by
vertical bars. You can select one or several items, or select
no item.
& The parameter before the & sign can be repeated 1 to n times.
# A line starting with the # sign is comments.
Interface Numbering Conventions
Interface numbers used in this manual are examples. In device configuration, use the existing
interface numbers on devices.
Change History
Updates between document issues are cumulative. Therefore, the latest document issue containsall updates made in previous issues.
Changes in Issue 04 (2013-07-10)
This version has the following updates:
The following information is modified:
l 7.6.4 Configuring a Policy to Filter IGMP Report Messages
Changes in Issue 03 (2013-05-10)
This version has the following updates:
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The following information is modified:
l 3.6 Adjusting Multicast Source Control Parameters
l 7.6.7 Setting the Aging Time for Entries Triggered by Multicast Traffic
Changes in Issue 02 (2013-03-15)
This version has the following updates:
The following information is modified:
l 7.6.2 Filtering Multicast Data on an Interface
l 7.6.3 Discarding of Unknown Multicast Flows
l 7.6.4 Configuring a Policy to Filter IGMP Report Messages
The following information is added:
l 6.5 Disabling Soft Forwarding for Multicast Packets
Changes in Issue 01 (2012-12-31)
Initial commercial release.
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Contents
About This Document.....................................................................................................................ii
1 Basics for IP Multicast Configuration.......................................................................................1
1.1 IP Multicast Overview....................................................................................................................................................2
1.2 Concepts of IPv4 Multicast............................................................................................................................................51.3 Multicast Deployment on an IPv4 Network...................................................................................................................9
2 IGMP Configuration...................................................................................................................16
2.1 IGMP Overview...........................................................................................................................................................18
2.2 IGMP Features Supported by the Switch.....................................................................................................................19
2.3 Default Configuration...................................................................................................................................................20
2.4 Configuring Basic IGMP Functions.............................................................................................................................20
2.4.1 Enabling IGMP..........................................................................................................................................................20
2.4.2 Configuring the IGMP Version.................................................................................................................................21
2.4.3 (Optional) Configuring a Static Multicast Group on an Interface.............................................................................222.4.4 (Optional) Configuring the Range of Multicast Groups That an Interface Can Join................................................23
2.4.5 Checking the Configuration.......................................................................................................................................23
2.5 Optimizing IGMP Performance....................................................................................................................................24
2.5.1 Configuring the Router-Alert Option........................................................................................................................24
2.5.2 Configuring IGMP Querier Parameters.....................................................................................................................26
2.5.3 Configuring IGMP Fast Leave..................................................................................................................................29
2.5.4 Configuring IGMP On-Demand................................................................................................................................30
2.5.5 FilteringIGMP Messages Based on Source IP Addresses........................................................................................31
2.5.6 Checking the Configuration.......................................................................................................................................31
2.6 Configuring IGMP SSM Mapping...............................................................................................................................32
2.7 Maintaining IGMP........................................................................................................................................................33
2.7.1 ClearingIGMP Group Memberships........................................................................................................................33
2.7.2 Monitoring IGMP Running Status............................................................................................................................34
2.8 Configuration Example.................................................................................................................................................34
2.8.1 Examplefor Configuring Basic IGMP Functions.....................................................................................................34
2.8.2 Example for Configuring a Static Multicast Group on an Interface..........................................................................39
2.8.3 Example for Configuring IGMP SSM Mapping.......................................................................................................43
2.9 Common Configuration Errors.....................................................................................................................................50
2.9.1 IGMP Entries Cannot Be Created.............................................................................................................................50
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2.9.2 (S, G) Entries Are Not Generated After SSM Mapping Is Enabled..........................................................................50
3 PIM-SM (IPv4) Configuration..................................................................................................52
3.1 PIM-SM (IPv4) Overview............................................................................................................................................54
3.2 PIM-SM (IPv4) Features Supported by the Switch......................................................................................................563.3 Default Configuration...................................................................................................................................................58
3.4 Configuring PIM-SM in the ASM Model....................................................................................................................59
3.4.1 Enabling PIM-SM......................................................................................................................................................59
3.4.2 Configuring an RP.....................................................................................................................................................60
3.4.3 (Optional) Configuring a BSR Administrative Domain............................................................................................63
3.4.4 (Optional) Configuring SPT Switchover Conditions................................................................................................65
3.4.5 (Optional) Adjusting Control Parameters for Source Registering.............................................................................66
3.4.6 (Optional) Adjusting C-RP Control Parameters........................................................................................................68
3.4.7 (Optional) Adjusting C-BSR Control Parameters.....................................................................................................69
3.4.8 Checking the Configuration.......................................................................................................................................71
3.5 Configuring PIM-SM in the SSM Model.....................................................................................................................72
3.5.1 Enabling PIM-SM......................................................................................................................................................72
3.5.2 (Optional) Configuring an SSM Group Policy..........................................................................................................72
3.5.3 Checking the Configuration.......................................................................................................................................73
3.6 Adjusting Multicast Source Control Parameters..........................................................................................................74
3.7 Adjusting Control Parameters for Establishing Neighbor Relationships ....................................................................76
3.7.1 Adjusting Control Parameters for Hello Messages...................................................................................................76
3.7.2 Configuring PIM Neighbor Filtering ........................................................................................................................78
3.7.3 Checking the Configuration.......................................................................................................................................78
3.8 Adjusting Control Parameters for DR Election............................................................................................................79
3.8.1 Configuring the DR Priority......................................................................................................................................79
3.8.2 Configuring the DR Switchover Delay.....................................................................................................................80
3.8.3 Checking the Configuration.......................................................................................................................................81
3.9 Adjusting Control Parameters for Join/Prune Messages..............................................................................................81
3.9.1 Adjusting Time Related Parameters for Join/Prune Messages..................................................................................82
3.9.2 Disabling PIM Join/Prune Message Packaging.........................................................................................................83
3.9.3 Adjusting Control Parameters for Prune Delay.........................................................................................................84
3.9.4 Configuring a Join Information Filtering Policy.......................................................................................................863.9.5 Checking the Configuration.......................................................................................................................................86
3.10 Adjusting Assert Control Parameters.........................................................................................................................87
3.11 Configuring PIM Anycast RP.....................................................................................................................................89
3.11.1 Configuring Global Anycast RP..............................................................................................................................89
3.11.2 Configuring Local Addresses for Anycast RPs.......................................................................................................90
3.11.3 Configuring Anycast RP Peers................................................................................................................................91
3.11.4 Checking the Configuration.....................................................................................................................................91
3.12 Configuring PIM BFD................................................................................................................................................92
3.13 Configuring PIM Silent..............................................................................................................................................93
3.14 Maintaining PIM-SM.................................................................................................................................................95
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3.14.1 Clearing Statistics About PIM Control Packets......................................................................................................95
3.14.2 Clearing the PIM Status of the Specified Downstream Interfaces in PIM Entries..................................................95
3.14.3 Monitoring the Running Status of PIM-SM ...........................................................................................................96
3.15 Configuration Examples.............................................................................................................................................97
3.15.1 Example for Configuring PIM-SM in the ASM Model..........................................................................................97
3.15.2 Example for Configuring PIM-SM in the SSM Model.........................................................................................106
3.15.3 Example for Configuring PIM for Anycast RP.....................................................................................................115
3.16 CommonConfiguration Errors.................................................................................................................................121
3.16.1 RPT ona PIM-SM Network Fails to be Established.............................................................................................121
3.16.2 SPT ona PIM-SM Network Fails to be Established.............................................................................................124
3.16.3 Registration Interface Still Exists After the Source DR Registers with the RP....................................................126
4 MSDP Configuration................................................................................................................128
4.1 MSDP Overview.........................................................................................................................................................130
4.2 MSDP Features Supported by the Switch..................................................................................................................131
4.3 Default Configuration.................................................................................................................................................132
4.4 Configuring Basic MSDP Functions..........................................................................................................................132
4.4.1 Enabling MSDP.......................................................................................................................................................132
4.4.2 Configuring MSDP Peers........................................................................................................................................133
4.4.3 (Optional) Configuring Static RPF Peers................................................................................................................135
4.4.4 (Optional) Configuring the MSDP Mesh Group.....................................................................................................136
4.4.5 Checking the Configuration.....................................................................................................................................137
4.5 Controlling SA Messages and the SA Cache.............................................................................................................137
4.5.1 Configuring the SA Cache.......................................................................................................................................137
4.5.2 Setting Parameters of the SA Request Message......................................................................................................138
4.5.3 Configuring the Content of an SA Message............................................................................................................139
4.5.4 Configuring the Rule for Filtering SA Messages....................................................................................................140
4.5.5 Checking the Configuration.....................................................................................................................................141
4.6 Configuring MSDP Anycast RP.................................................................................................................................141
4.6.1 Configuring an RP...................................................................................................................................................142
4.6.2 Configuring MSDP Peer Connections.....................................................................................................................143
4.6.3 Configuring the Source RP Address of the SA Message........................................................................................143
4.6.4 Checking the Configuration.....................................................................................................................................1444.7 Maintaining MSDP.....................................................................................................................................................144
4.7.1 ClearingStatistics on MSDP Peers.........................................................................................................................144
4.7.2 Clearing(S, G) Information in the SA Cache.........................................................................................................145
4.7.3 Monitoring the Running Status of MSDP...............................................................................................................145
4.8 Configuration Examples.............................................................................................................................................146
4.8.1 Examplefor Configuring PIM-SM Inter-domain Multicast Using MSDP.............................................................146
4.8.2 Examplefor Configuring Inter-AS Multicast Using Static RPF Peers...................................................................155
4.8.3 Examplefor Configuring Anycast RP in a PIM-SM Domain.................................................................................163
4.8.4 Examplefor Configuring SA Message Filtering.....................................................................................................170
4.9 Common Configuration Errors...................................................................................................................................177
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4.9.1 An MSDP Peer Is Always in Down State...............................................................................................................177
4.9.2 There Is No (S, G) Entry in the SA Cache..............................................................................................................178
4.9.3 RPs Fail to Exchange Registration Information with Each Other...........................................................................178
5 MBGP Configuration................................................................................................................1805.1 MBGP Overview........................................................................................................................................................181
5.2 MBGP Features Supported by the Switch..................................................................................................................181
5.3 MBGP Default Configuration....................................................................................................................................181
6 Multicast Route Management (IPv4) Configuration..........................................................182
6.1 Overview of Multicast Route Management (IPv4)....................................................................................................183
6.2 Default Configuration.................................................................................................................................................184
6.3 Configuring RPF Check Policies................................................................................................................................184
6.3.1 Configuring a Multicast Static Route......................................................................................................................184
6.3.2 Configuring the Longest Match Rule for Multicast Route Selection......................................................................1856.3.3 Configuring Multicast Load Splitting......................................................................................................................186
6.3.4 Checking the Configuration.....................................................................................................................................187
6.4 Configuring the Multicast Boundary..........................................................................................................................187
6.5 Disabling Soft Forwarding for Multicast Packets......................................................................................................188
6.6 Maintaining Multicast Routes....................................................................................................................................189
6.6.1 Resetting Multicast Forwarding Entries..................................................................................................................189
6.6.2 Monitoring Multicast Routing and Forwarding.......................................................................................................189
6.7 Configuration Examples.............................................................................................................................................190
6.7.1 Examplefor Configuring a Multicast Static Route to Change the RPF Route.......................................................190
6.7.2 Examplefor Configuring Multicast Static Routes to Connect RPF Routes............................................................195
6.7.3 Examplefor Configuring Multicast Load Splitting.................................................................................................201
6.8 Common Configuration Errors...................................................................................................................................207
6.8.1 A Multicast Static Route Fails to Take Effect.........................................................................................................207
7 IGMP Snooping Configuration..............................................................................................208
7.1 IGMP Snooping Overview.........................................................................................................................................210
7.2 IGMP Snooping Features Supported by the Switch...................................................................................................211
7.3 Default Configuration.................................................................................................................................................212
7.4 Configuring Basic IGMP Snooping Functions...........................................................................................................2127.4.1 Enabling IGMP Snooping.......................................................................................................................................213
7.4.2 Configuring the IGMP Snooping Version...............................................................................................................214
7.4.3 (Optional) Configuring a Static Router Port............................................................................................................215
7.4.4 (Optional) Configuring a Static Member Port.........................................................................................................216
7.4.5 (Optional) Configuring an IGMP Snooping Querier...............................................................................................217
7.4.6 (Optional) Suppressing Report and Leave Messages..............................................................................................222
7.4.7 (Optional) Configuring the Router-Alert Option.....................................................................................................222
7.4.8 (Optional) Disabling Users from Dynamically Joining Multicast Groups..............................................................223
7.4.9 Checking the Configuration.....................................................................................................................................224
7.5 Configuring IGMP Snooping Proxy...........................................................................................................................224
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7.6 Configuring the IGMP Snooping Policy....................................................................................................................226
7.6.1 Configuring a Multicast Group Policy....................................................................................................................226
7.6.2 Filtering Multicast Data on an Interface..................................................................................................................227
7.6.3 Discarding of Unknown Multicast Flows................................................................................................................228
7.6.4 Configuring a Policy to Filter IGMP Report Messages..........................................................................................229
7.6.5 Configuring a Policy to Filter IGMP Query Messages...........................................................................................229
7.6.6 Configuring the Multicast Group Type for a VLAN...............................................................................................230
7.6.7 Setting the Aging Time for Entries Triggered by Multicast Traffic........................................................................231
7.6.8 Checking the Configuration.....................................................................................................................................232
7.7 Configuring Membership Fast-Update.......................................................................................................................232
7.7.1 Setting the Aging Time of Group Member Ports....................................................................................................233
7.7.2 Setting the Aging Time of Dynamic Router Ports..................................................................................................234
7.7.3 Configuring Fast Leave for Member Ports..............................................................................................................234
7.7.4 Sending IGMP Query Messages upon Topology Changes.....................................................................................2357.7.5 Checking the Configuration.....................................................................................................................................236
7.8 Configuring IGMP Snooping SSM Mapping.............................................................................................................236
7.8.1 (Optional) Configuring an SSM Group Policy........................................................................................................237
7.8.2 Configuring IGMP Snooping SSM Mapping..........................................................................................................237
7.8.3 Checking the Configuration.....................................................................................................................................239
7.9 Maintaining IGMP Snooping.....................................................................................................................................239
7.9.1 ClearingIGMP Snooping Entries............................................................................................................................239
7.9.2 ClearingIGMP Snooping Statistics.........................................................................................................................240
7.9.3 Displaying the IGMP Snooping Running Status.....................................................................................................240
7.10 Configuration Examples...........................................................................................................................................241
7.10.1 Example for Configuring IGMP Snooping...........................................................................................................241
7.10.2 Example for Configuring Layer 2 Multicast Through Static Interfaces................................................................244
7.10.3 Example for Configuring an IGMP Snooping Querier.........................................................................................247
7.10.4 Example for Configuring IGMP Snooping Proxy.................................................................................................251
7.10.5 Example for Configuring Multicast SSM Mapping..............................................................................................254
7.11 CommonConfiguration Errors.................................................................................................................................257
7.11.1 Layer 2Multicast Packets Cannot Be Forwarded.................................................................................................257
7.11.2 The Multicast Group Policy Does Not Take Effect...............................................................................................258
8 Static Multicast MAC Address Configuration.................................................................... 260
8.1 Multicast MAC Address.............................................................................................................................................261
8.2 Configuring a Static Multicast MAC Address...........................................................................................................262
8.3 Example for Configuring a Static Multicast MAC Address.......................................................................................263
9 Multicast Network Management............................................................................................266
9.1 Overview of Multicast Network Management...........................................................................................................267
9.2 MulticastNetwork Management Features Supported by the Switch.........................................................................267
9.3 Configuring Multicast Network Management............................................................................................................267
9.3.1 Enabling Multicast Network Management..............................................................................................................267
9.3.2 Enabling the Trap Function for a Specified Module...............................................................................................268
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9.3.3 Adjusting the Interval for PIM to Send Trap Messages..........................................................................................269
9.3.4 Checking the Configuration.....................................................................................................................................270
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1Basics for IP Multicast ConfigurationAbout This Chapter
This chapter describes basic concepts, protocols, and features of IP multicast, and provides
multicast service deployment on IPv4 networks.
1.1 IP Multicast Overview
Multicast technology implements point-to-multipoint data transmission to save network
bandwidth and reduce network loads. It is widely used in IPTV, real-time data transmission, and
multimedia conference applications.
1.2 Conceptsof IPv4 Multicast
Before using IPv4 multicast services, familiarize yourself with basic concepts of multicast,
multicast models, as well as multicast addresses and multicast protocols used on IPv4 networks.
A good understanding of these concepts and features helps you complete multicast service
configurationefficiently.
1.3 MulticastDeployment on an IPv4 Network
This section describes typical multicast service scenarios on an IPv4 network and applications
of multicast protocols and features in these scenarios, helping you configure multicast services
efficiently. Typical multicast service scenarios include multicast within a PIM domain, multicast
between PIM-SM domains, and multicast between ASs.
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1.1 IP Multicast Overview
Multicast technology implements point-to-multipoint data transmission to save network
bandwidth and reduce network loads. It is widely used in IPTV, real-time data transmission, and
multimedia conference applications.
NOTE
Multicast routers mentioned in this document refer to routers or Layer 3 switches. The CE series
switches support IP multicast routing and can be used as a multicast router.
Why Multicast Is Needed
Traditional IP communication supports two transmission modes: unicast and broadcast. In
unicast transmission, a source sends an independent data packet to each host that requiring its
data. In broadcast transmission, a source sends data to all the hosts on the local network segment,
regardless whether the hosts require its data.
To transmit data to multiple destination hosts but not all hosts, a source host uses the broadcast
mode or sends multiple copies of data in unicast mode to the destination hosts one by one, as
shown in Figure 1-1.
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Figure 1-1Point-to-multipoint data transmission in unicast and broadcast modes
IP network
Packets for HostA
HostB
HostC
Source SwitchB
SwitchA SwitchD
SwitchC
SwitchE
HostA
SwitchF
Receiver
Receiver
Packets for HostC
Unicast transmission
A network segment
Packets for all hosts
HostB
HostC
Source SwitchB
SwitchA SwitchD
SwitchC
SwitchE
HostA
SwitchF
Receiver
Receiver
Broadcast transmission
l In unicast mode, the amount of data transmitted on the network is proportional to the number
of users that require the data. If a large number of users require the same data, the source
host must send many copies of data to these users, consuming high bandwidth on the source
host and network. Therefore, the unicast mode is not suitable for batch data transmission
and is applicable only to networks with a small number of users.
l In broadcast mode, data is sent to all hosts on a network segment regardless of whether
they need the data. This threatens information security and causes storms on the network
segment. Therefore, the broadcast mode is not suitable for data transmission from a source
to specified destinations and it also wastes network bandwidth.
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In a summary, traditional unicast and broadcast modes cannot effectively implement point-to-
multipoint data transmission.
Multicast is a solution to point-to-multipoint data transmission. As shown in Figure 1-2, the
source sends only one copy of data, and all the hosts that require the data can receive the same
data copy. Other hosts on the network cannot receive the data.
Figure 1-2Point-to-multipoint data transmission in multicast mode
IP network
Packets for the multicast group
HostB
HostC
Source SwitchB
SwitchA SwitchD
SwitchC
SwitchE
HostA
SwitchF
Receiver
Receiver
Multicast transmission
Advantages of Multicast
Multicast has the following advantages over unicast and broadcast:
l Compared with the unicast mode, the multicast mode starts to copy data and distribute data
copies on the network node as far from the source as possible. Therefore, the amount of
data and network resource consumption will not increase greatly when the number of
receivers increases.
l Compared with the broadcast mode, the multicast mode transmits data only to receivers
that require the data. This saves network resources and enhances data transmission security.
Applications
IP multicast effectively addresses the problem of point-to-multipoint data transmission. This
technology efficiently transmits data from one point to multiple points over an IP network, saving
network bandwidth and reducing network loads. More importantly, multicast technology
facilitates deployment of new value-added services, including live broadcasting, IPTV, tele-
education, telemedicine, online radio, video conferencing, and other information services on the
Internet.
NOTE
Multicast technologies used on IPv4 and IPv6 networks are collectively called IP multicast. The CE seriesswitches support only IPv4 multicast.
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1.2 Concepts of IPv4 MulticastBefore using IPv4 multicast services, familiarize yourself with basic concepts of multicast,
multicast models, as well as multicast addresses and multicast protocols used on IPv4 networks.
A good understanding of these concepts and features helps you complete multicast service
configuration efficiently.
Basic Concepts of Multicast
As shown in Figure 1-3, an information source sends data to interested users in multicast mode.
Figure 1-3Multicast transmission
IP network
Multicast packets
HostB
HostC
Source SwitchB
SwitchA SwitchD
SwitchC
SwitchE
HostA
SwitchF
Receiver
Receiver
l Multicast group: a group of receivers identified by an IP multicast address. After joining a
multicast group, hosts can receive multicast data sent to this multicast group.
l Multicast source: a sender of multicast data. Source in Figure 1-3is a multicast source. A
multicast source can simultaneously send data to multiple multicast groups. Multiple
multicast sources can simultaneously send data to a multicast group. A multicast source
does not need to join any multicast groups.l Multicast group member: a host that has joined a multicast group. HostA and HostC in
Figure 1-3are multicast group members. Memberships in a multicast group change
dynamically. Hosts can join or leave a multicast group any time. Members of a multicast
group are located anywhere on a network.
l Multicast router: a router or Layer 3 switch that supports Layer 3 multicast. The switches
in Figure 1-3are multicast routers. In addition to multicast routing functions, multicast
routers connected to user network segments provide multicast member management
functions.
Multicast Models
The following multicast models are used depending on the way receivers treat multicast sources:
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l Any-Source Multicast (ASM) model: provides multicast distribution only based on
multicast group addresses. A multicast group address identifies a collection of network
services, and multicast packets sent from any source to this address obtain the same service.
Receiver hosts can receive data sent from any source to this group after joining the group.
l Source-Specific Multicast (SSM) model: provides service for the data flow from a specificsource to a specific group. Receiver hosts can specify the source from which they want to
receive data when they join a group. After joining the group, the hosts receive only the data
sent from the specified source.
The SSM and ASM models use different multicast address ranges so that receivers can easily
identify the two models.
IPv4 Multicast Addresses
On an IPv4 network, multicast sources and group members use IPv4 multicast addresses to
communicate. IPv4 multicast addresses are Class D IP addresses in the range of 224.0.0.0 to
239.255.255.255. Table 1-1describes the meaning of each segment in this range.
Table 1-1Range and description of IPv4 multicast addresses
Class D Address Range Description
224.0.0.0-224.0.0.255 Group addresses reserved for local links. These
addresses are reserved by the Internet Assigned Number
Authority (IANA) for routing protocols, and are called
permanent multicast addresses. The addresses identify
a group of network devices and are not used for multicast
forwarding.
224.0.1.0-231.255.255.255
233.0.0.0-238.255.255.255
ASM group addresses that are valid on the entire
network.
232.0.0.0-232.255.255.255 Default SSM group addresses that are valid on the entire
network.
239.0.0.0-239.255.255.255 Administrative multicast addresses. This is the default
group address range of BootStrap Router (BSR)
administrative domains. Addresses in this range are
private addresses and are valid only in a BSR
administrative domain. BSR administrative domains
can use the same multicast address.
IPv4 Multicast MAC Addresses
When unicast IP packets are transmitted on an Ethernet network, the packets use receiver MAC
addresses as destination MAC addresses. However, the destination of a multicast data packet is
a group with changeable members but not a specific receiver. Therefore, multicast data packets
must use IPv4 multicast MAC addresses on an Ethernet network. IPv4 multicast MAC addresses
are link-layer addresses mapped from IPv4 multicast addresses.
As defined by the IANA, leftmost 24 bits of an IPv4 multicast MAC address are 0x01005e, the25th bit is 0, and the rightmost 23 bits are the same as the rightmost 23 bits of a multicast IP
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address, as shown in Figure 1-4. For example, if the IPv4 multicast address of a group is
224.0.1.1, the IPv4 multicast MAC address of this group is 01-00-5e-00-01-01.
Figure 1-4Mapping between an IPv4 multicast address and an IPv4 multicast MAC address
25 bits MAC address prefix
XXXX X
1110 XXXX X XXXXXXX XXXXXXXX XXXXXXXX
00000001 00000000 01011110 0 XXXXXXX XXXXXXXX XXXXXXXX
48-bit MAC address
5 bits information loss
23 bits
mapping
...... ......
32-bit IP address
The first 4 bits of an IPv4 multicast address are 1110 (multicast identifier), and only 23 bits of
the last 28 bits are mapped to a MAC address. That is, information about 5 bits of the IP address
is lost. As a result, 32 multicast IP addresses are mapped to the same MAC address, which may
cause address conflicts in MAC address-based multicast forwarding. When this occurs, change
the multicast forwarding mode to IP address-based forwarding. For example, IP multicast
addresses 224.0.1.1, 224.128.1.1, 225.0.1.1, and 239.128.1.1 are all mapped to multicast MACaddress 01-00-5e-00-01-01.
IPv4 Multicast Protocols
Table 1-2IPv4 multicast protocols
Protocol Function Remarks
Internet Group Management
Protocol (IGMP)
IGMP manages IPv4
multicast group members and
runs on the end of a multicastnetwork (network segments
where Layer 3 multicast
devices connect to user
hosts). Hosts use the IGMP
protocol to join or leave
multicast groups, and Layer 3
multicast devices use the
IGMP protocol to manage
and maintain group
memberships. IGMP can
interact with upper-layer
multicast routing protocols.
IGMP has three versions:
IGMPv1, IGMPv2, and
IGMPv3.
All the three versions support
the ASM model. IGMPv3
can be independently used in
the SSM model, whereas
IGMPv1 and IGMPv2 must
be used with SSM mapping.
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Protocol Function Remarks
Protocol Independent
Multicast (PIM)
PIM runs on an IPv4 network
and sends multicast data
flows to multicast devices
connected to multicast group
members interested in the
data flows. The PIM protocol
has two modes, the sparse
mode (PIM-SM) applicable
to large-scale networks with
sparsely distributed group
members, and the dense
mode (PIM-DM) applicable
to small-scale networks with
concentrated group
members.NOTE
The CE series switches support
only PIM-SM.
The PIM-DM model does not
need to differentiate the ASM
and SSM models.
The PIM-SM model
differentiates the ASM and
SSM models based on
multicast addresses in
multicast data and protocol
packets.
l If multicast addresses of
packets are in the range of
SSM group addresses,
PIM-SM uses the SSM
model to provide
multicast services. The
SSM model has a high
efficiency and simplifies
the multicast address
allocation process. It is
applicable to the scenario
where a group has only
one specific source.
l If multicast addresses of
packets are in the range of
ASM group addresses,
PIM-SM uses the ASMmodel to provide
multicast services.
Multicast Source Discovery
Protocol (MSDP)
MSDP is an inter-domain
multicast protocol that
implements multicast
forwarding between PIM-
SM domains. Multicast
devices in a PIM-SM domain
use MSDP to discover
multicast sources in other
PIM-SM domains, and sendinformation about active
sources in other PIM-SM
domains to receivers in the
local PIM domain.
MSDP is not required when
PIM-SM uses the SSM
model.
MultiProtocol Border
Gateway Protocol (MBGP)
MBGP is also called
multicast BGP. It enables
multicast data to be
transmitted between
multicast sources and
receivers in different
autonomous systems (ASs).
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Protocol Function Remarks
IGMP snooping and IGMP
snooping proxy
IGMP snooping enables a
switch to create and maintain
a Layer 2 multicast
forwarding table by listening
to IGMP packets exchanged
between the upstream Layer
3 device and user hosts. The
switch controls forwarding of
multicast data packets based
on the Layer 2 multicast
forwarding table to reduce
multicast data flooding on the
Layer 2 network.
IGMP snooping proxy
enables a switch to substitutefor an upstream device to
send IGMP Query messages
and receive IGMP Report/
Leave messages from
downstream devices. This
function saves bandwidth
between the upstream device
and the switch.
IGMP snooping is an
extension of IGMP on Layer
2 network devices. You can
specify the IGMP snooping
version on a switch to enable
the switch to process IGMP
packets of specific versions.
1.3 Multicast Deployment on an IPv4 Network
This section describes typical multicast service scenarios on an IPv4 network and applications
of multicast protocols and features in these scenarios, helping you configure multicast services
efficiently. Typical multicast service scenarios include multicast within a PIM domain, multicast
between PIM-SM domains, and multicast between ASs.
CAUTION
Configure multicast services based on the actual situations and service requirements on your
network. This section provides only deployment of basic multicast services.
NOTE
Before deploying IPv4 multicast services on a network, ensure that IPv4 unicast routes on the network are
reachable.
Multicast Within a PIM Domain
On a small-scale network, all network devices and hosts belong to the same PIM domain. Figure
1-5shows the multicast service deployment in this scenario.
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Figure 1-5Multicast service deployment within a PIM domain
Source
SwitchC
SwitchA
SwitchB
IGMP
PIMPIM
IP network
IGMP Snooping /
IGMP Snooping
Proxy
HostA
Receiver
LAN
SwitchDHostBReceiver
IGMP
Table 1-3Multicast protocols used for multicast within a PIM domain
Protocol Application Position Purpose
PIM (mandatory) PIM must be configured on all
interfaces of multicast devices in
the PIM domain, including
SwitchA, SwitchB, and
SwitchC.
For the configuration procedure,
see 3 PIM-SM (IPv4)
Configuration.
PIM sends multicast data from
the multicast source to SwitchB
and SwitchC connected to
multicast receivers.
IGMP (mandatory) IGMP must be configured on
user-side interfaces of Layer 3
multicast devices SwitchB and
SwitchC.
For the configuration procedure,
see 2 IGMP Configuration.
IGMP allows receiver hosts to
join or leave multicast groups,
and allows SwitchB and
SwitchC to maintain and manage
multicast memberships.
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Protocol Application Position Purpose
IGMP snooping and
IGMP snooping
proxy (optional)
IGMP snooping and IGMP
snooping proxy must be
configured in VLANs on
SwitchD, a device between a
Layer 3 multicast device and
user hosts.
For the configuration procedure,
see 7 IGMP Snooping
Configuration.
IGMP snooping listens to IGMP
packets exchanged between
SwitchB and hosts to create and
maintain a Layer 2 multicast
forwarding table. In this manner,
SwitchD can control forwarding
of multicast data packets on the
Layer 2 network.
IGMP snooping proxy allows
SwitchD to substitute for
SwitchB to send IGMP Query
messages and substitute hosts to
send IGMP Report/Leave
messages.
Multicast Between PIM-SM Domains
A multicast domain can be divided into multiple isolated PIM-SM domains to facilitate
management of multicast resources, including multicast groups, multicast sources, and group
members. To enable the PIM-SM domains to exchange multicast data, MSDP needs to be
deployed between the PIM-SM domains, as shown in Figure 1-6.
NOTE
MSDP is not required when PIM-SM uses the SSM model.
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Figure 1-6Multicast service deployment between PIM-SM domains
PIM-SM 2
Source1
SwitchB
SwitchA
RP
IP network
Source2
Host
SwitchC
SwitchD
LAN
PIM-SM 1
RP
SwitchF
IP network
(Receiver)
IGMP
PIM
PIMMSDP
IGMP Snooping /
SwitchEPIM
IGMP Snooping
Proxy
SwitchG
PIM
PIM
Table 1-4Multicast protocols used for multicast between PIM-SM domains
Protocol Application Position Purpose
PIM-SM (mandatory) PIM-SM must be configured on
all interfaces of multicast
switches in the PIM-SM
domains, including Switches A
to G (except F).
For the configuration procedure,see 3 PIM-SM (IPv4)
Configuration.
PIM-SM sends multicast data
from multicast sources Source 1
and Source 2 to SwitchD
connected to multicast receivers.
Receiver hosts proactively join a
multicast group, and multicastdata is forwarded to the receiver
hosts thought rendezvous points
(RPs) in the PIM-SM domains.
IGMP (mandatory) IGMP must be configured on
user-side interfaces of SwitchD.
For the configuration procedure,
see 2 IGMP Configuration.
IGMP allows receiver hosts to
join or leave multicast groups,
and allows SwitchD to maintain
and manage multicast
memberships.
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Protocol Application Position Purpose
MSDP (mandatory) MSDP must be configured on
the RP in each PIM-SM domain,
that is, SwitchA and SwitchC.
For the configuration procedure,
see 4 MSDP Configuration.
MSDP transmits multicast data
between PIM-SM1 and PIM-
SM2. Host in PIM-SM2 can
receive data from Source 1.
IGMP snooping and
IGMP snooping
proxy (optional)
IGMP snooping must be
configured in VLANs on
SwitchF, a between user hosts
and multicast devices.
For the configuration procedure,
see 7 IGMP Snooping
Configuration.
IGMP snooping listens to IGMP
messages exchanged between
SwitchD and hosts to create and
maintain a Layer 2 multicast
forwarding table. In this manner,
SwitchF can control forwarding
of multicast data packets on the
Layer 2 network.
IGMP snooping proxy allowsSwitchF to substitute for
SwitchD to send IGMP Query
messages and substitute hosts to
send IGMP Report/Leave
messages.
Inter-AS Multicast
PIM forwards multicast data based on a unicast routing table; therefore, multicast forwarding
paths are the same as unicast forwarding paths. When a multicast source and receivers are located
in different ASs, a multicast distribution tree needs to be set up between the ASs. In this scenario,
MBGP can be used to create a multicast routing table independent of the unicast routing table.
Then multicast data is transmitted based on the multicast routing table. Figure 1-7shows the
deployment of inter-AS multicast service deployment.
NOTE
Before configuring MBGP between ASs, configure BGP between the ASs.
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Figure 1-7Inter-AS multicast service deployment
SwitchE
SwitchD
RPPIM-SM 2
Source2
PIM-SM3
HostB
SwitchF
AS200
RP
RP PIM-SM1
HostA
SwitchA
AS100
Source1
SwitchB
SwitchGSwitchC
SwitchH
(Receiver)
(Receiver)
PIM
PIM
PIM
PIM
PIM
MSDP
IGMP
IGMP
MSDP
MBGP
Table 1-5Multicast protocols used for inter-AS multicast
Protocol Application Position Purpose
PIM-SM (mandatory) PIM-SM must be configured on
all interfaces of multicast
switches in the PIM-SMdomains, including Switches A
to H.
For the configuration procedure,
see 3 PIM-SM (IPv4)
Configuration.
PIM-SM sends multicast data
from multicast sources Source 1
and Source 2 to SwitchB andSwitchH connected to multicast
receivers. Receiver hosts
proactively join a multicast
group, and multicast data is
forwarded to the receiver hosts
thought RPs in the PIM-SM
domains.
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Protocol Application Position Purpose
IGMP (mandatory) IGMP must be configured on
user-side interfaces of SwitchB
and SwitchH.
For the configuration procedure,
see 2 IGMP Configuration.
IGMP allows receiver hosts to
join or leave multicast groups,
and allows SwitchB and
SwitchH to maintain and
manage multicast memberships.
MBGP (mandatory) MBGP must be configured on
SwitchA and SwitchF located at
the AS borders.
For the configuration procedure,
see 5 MBGP Configuration.
MBGP sends multicast data
from multicast sources Source 1
and Source 2 to receivers in
another AS based on an
independent multicast routing
table.
MSDP (mandatory) MSDP must be configured on
the RP in each PIM-SM, that is,
SwitchA, SwitchD, and
SwitchF.
For the configuration procedure,
see 4 MSDP Configuration.
MSDP transmits multicast data
among PIM-SM1, PIM-SM2,
and PIM-SM3.
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2IGMP ConfigurationAbout This Chapter
You can manage multicast group members by configuring IGMP on multicast device interfaces
connected to user networks.
2.1 IGMP Overview
The Internet Group Management Protocol (IGMP) is a protocol in the TCP/IP protocol suite
used by IPv4 hosts to report their group memberships to any immediately-neighboring multicast
routers.
2.2 IGMP Features Supported by the Switch
The IGMP features supported by the switch include basic IGMP settings, Router-Alert option,IGMP querier, SSM mapping.
2.3 Default Configuration
This sectionprovides the default IGMP configuration.
2.4 Configuring Basic IGMP Functions
After basic IGMP configurations are complete on interfaces connected to user networks, hosts
can connect to multicast networks and receive multicast packets.
2.5 Optimizing IGMP Performance
After being enabled, IGMP can work normally using the default configuration. You can also
adjust IGMP parameter settings to enhance network security and performance.
2.6 Configuring IGMP SSM Mapping
On a multicast network that provides the SSM service, interfaces of multicast devices run
IGMPv3, but some hosts can run only IGMPv1 or IGMPv2. To enable multicast devices to
provide the SSM service for hosts running IGMPv1 or IGMPv2, configure SSM mapping on
multicast devices.
2.7 Maintaining IGMP
You can clear IGMP group memberships and monitor IGMP running information.
2.8 Configuration Example
This section provides IGMP configuration examples to help you configure IGMP functions on
a multicast network.
2.9 Common Configuration Errors
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This section describes common faults caused by incorrect IGMP configurations and provides
the troubleshooting procedure.
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2.1 IGMP Overview
The Internet Group Management Protocol (IGMP) is a protocol in the TCP/IP protocol suite
used by IPv4 hosts to report their group memberships to any immediately-neighboring multicast
routers.
To receive multicast data, receivers must connect to an IP multicast network and joins
corresponding multicast groups. IGMP defines a signaling mechanism that IP hosts on user
networks use to communicate with multicast routers.
After IGMP is configured on receiver hosts and multicast routers on a shared network segment,
the receiver hosts can dynamically join multicast groups, and multicast routers can manage
multicast group members on the local network.
At present, IGMP has three versions: IGMPv1 (defined in RFC 1112), IGMPv2 (defined in RFC
2236), and IGMPv3 (defined in RFC 3376). All IGMP versions support the Any-SourceMulticast (ASM) model. IGMPv3 can be directly applied to the Source-Specific Multicast
(SSM) model, whereas IGMPv1 and IGMPv2 can be applied to the SSM model after SSM
mapping is configured.
Figure 2-1IGMP networking
HostA HostB HostC
Ethernet
SwitchA SwitchB
Multicast network
IGMP IGMP
As shown in Figure 2-1, IGMP is configured on the receiver hosts and switches on the shared
network segment.
l If a user network segment connects to multiple switches, one switch is elected as the querier
to periodically send Query messages to the network segment.
l The querier periodically sends Query messages to hosts and receives Report and Leave
messages from hosts. From these messages, the querier obtains information about receivers
(members) of multicast groups on network segments connected to its interfaces. If a
network segment has members of a multicast group, the switches forward multicast data
packets to this network segment. If a network segment has no multicast member, theswitches do not forward multicast data packets to this network segment.
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l Hosts send Report messages to join multicast groups. If a host is running IGMPv2 or
IGMPv3, it can proactively leave a multicast group by sending a Leave message when it
does not need to receive multicast data of the multicast group.
2.2 IGMP Features Supported by the SwitchThe IGMP features supported by the switch include basic IGMP settings, Router-Alert option,
IGMP querier, SSM mapping.
NOTE
On the CE series switches, IGMP can be configured only on VLANIF and loopback interfaces. In this document,
IGMP is configured on VLANIF interfaces unless otherwise specified. Before configuring IGMP on a VLANIF
interface, add physical interfaces to the corresponding VLAN.
Basic IGMP Functions
The switch supports the following basic IGMP settings:
l IGMP versions, including IGMPv1, IGMPv2, and IGMPv3. These IGMP versions define
different IGMP messages. To ensure normal communication between the switch and
receiver hosts, configure compatible IGMP versions on the switch and hosts. (A later IGMP
version running on the switch is compatible with an earlier IGMP version running on hosts.)
l Static multicast groups. When an interface connects to long-term members of a multicast
group, you can statically bind the interface to the multicast group so that the group members
can receive multicast data quickly and steadily.
l Range of multicast groups that an interface can join. You can apply an ACL to an interface
to limit the range of the multicast groups that the interface serves. This configuration
improves security of IGMP applications.
IGMP Performance Optimization
You can configure the following items on the switch to improve IGMP security or network
performance:
l Router-Alert option: To improve device security, configure the switch to accept only IGMP
packets with the Router-Alert option.
l Querier: Proper querier parameter settings ensure that memberships can be updated quickly
and prevent network congestion caused by excessive IGMP packets.
l Fast leave: This function allows fast response to Leave messages sent by hosts and saves
network bandwidth.
l IGMP on-demand: This function maintains memberships based on service requirements of
multicast members, reducing packets transmitted on the network.
l IGMP message filtering: This function filters IGMP messages received on an interface
based on source IP addresses, improving security.
SSM Mapping
Source-Specific Multicast (SSM) allows multicast group members to receive multicast data from
the specified multicast sources. Only IGMPv3 supports the SSM model. If some hosts can run
only IGMPv1 or IGMPv2, you can configure SSM mapping on the switch so that the switch canprovide the SSM service for these hosts.
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2.3 Default Configuration
This section provides the default IGMP configuration.
Table 2-1lists the default IGMP configuration.
Table 2-1Default IGMP configuration
Parameter Default Setting
IP multicast routing Disabled
IGMP Disabled
IGMP version IGMPv2
IGMP SSM mapping Disabled
2.4 Configuring Basic IGMP Functions
After basic IGMP configurations are complete on interfaces connected to user networks, hosts
can connect to multicast networks and receive multicast packets.
Pre-configuration Tasks
Before configuring basic IGMP functions, complete the following task:
l Configuring a unicast routing protocol to ensure that IP routes between nodes are reachable
Configuration Process
IGMP needs to be configured on member hosts and switches connected to the hosts. This section
describes how to configure IGMP on a switch.
2.4.1 Enabling IGMPand 2.4.2 Configuring the IGMP Versionare mandatory and other tasks
are optional.
2.4.1 Enabling IGMP
Context
You must enable IP multicast routing before configuring IGMP. Other multicast functions can
be configured only after IP multicast routing is enabled. All the multicast configurations become
invalid when IP multicast routing is disabled.
IGMP is configured on interfaces connected to user hosts.
Procedure
Step 1 Run:
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system-view
The system view is displayed.
Step 2 Run:multicast routing-enable
IP multicast routing is enabled.
Step 3 Run:interfaceinterface-typeinterface-number
The interface view is displayed.
Step 4 Run:pim sm
Protocol Independent Multicast-Sparse Mode (PIM-SM) is enabled on the interface.
Before enabling IGMP on an interface, enable PIM-SM on the interface to allow the interfaceto forward multicast data packets.
Step 5 Run:igmp enable
IGMP is enabled on the interface.
Step 6 Run:commit
The configuration is committed.
----End
2.4.2 Configuring the IGMP Version
Context
A switch running a later IGMP version can identify Membership Report messages of an earlier
IGMP version. However, a switch running an earlier IGMP version cannot identify Membership
Report messages of a later IGMP version. To ensure normal IGMP operation, ensure that the
switch runs the same IGMP version as member hosts or a later IGMP version.
If multiple switches exist on a shared network segment, configure the same IGMP version on
all switch interfaces. Otherwise, errors may occur in IGMP operation because interfaces runningdifferent IGMP versions send packets with different formats.
Procedure
Step 1 Run:system-view
The system view is displayed.
Step 2 Run:interfaceinterface-typeinterface-number
The interface view is displayed.
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Step 3 Run:igmp version{ 1| 2| 3}
The IGMP version is specified for the interface.
By default, an interface runs IGMPv2 after IGMP is enabled on the interface.
Step 4 Run:commit
The configuration is committed.
----End
2.4.3 (Optional) Configuring a Static Multicast Group on anInterface
Context
You can configure static multicast groups on user-side interfaces of the switch in some scenarios,
for example:
l There are long-term group members on a shared network segment, and the switch needs to
forward multicast data to these group members quickly and steadily.
l A network segment has no group member or hosts on the network segment cannot send
Report messages, but multicast data needs to be sent to this network segment.
After a static multicast group is configured on an interface, the switch considers that the multicast
group always has members on the network segment of the interface. Therefore, the switch always
forwards multicast data of the multicast group.
Procedure
Step 1 Run:system-view
The system view is displayed.
Step 2 Run:interfaceinterface-typeinterface-number
The interface view is displayed.
Step 3 Run:igmp static-groupgroup-address[ inc-step-mask{ group-mask| group-mask-length}
numbergroup-number] [ sourcesource-address]
The interface is statically bound to a multicast group or a source-group.
If the interface is a loopback interface, the switch forwards the received data only when a user
requests the data. This saves bandwidth. If the interface is a VLANIF interface, the switch
forwards the received data immediately.
By default, no static multicast group is configured on an interface.
Step 4 Run:commit
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The configuration is committed.
----End
2.4.4 (Optional) Configuring the Range of Multicast Groups Thatan Interface Can Join
Context
To enable hosts on the same network segment as an interface to receive packets of specified
multicast groups, use an ACL to filter Membership Report messages received on the interface.
This ACL allows the switch to maintain only memberships of the interface in these multicast
groups. For details on how to configure an ACL, see "ACL Configuration" in the CloudEngine
6800&5800 Series Switches Configuration Guide - Security.
Procedure
Step 1 Run:system-view
The system view is displayed.
Step 2 Run:interfaceinterface-typeinterface-number
The interface view is displayed.
Step 3 Run:
igmp group-policy{ acl-number| acl-nameacl-name} [ 1| 2| 3]
An ACL is applied to specify the range of multicast groups that the interface can join.
By default, an interface can join any multicast group.
Step 4 Run:commit
The configuration is committed.
----End
2.4.5 Checking the Configuration
Context
After completing basic IGMP configuration on an interface, you can run the following
commands in any view to check the IGMP configuration, IGMP running information, and
membership information on the interface.
Procedure
l Run the display igmp interface[ interface-typeinterface-number| up| down]
[ verbose] command to check the IGMP configuration and running information on aninterface.
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l Run the display igmp group[group-address| interfaceinterface-typeinterface-
number]*static[ verbose] command to check information about members of a static
multicast group.
l Run the display igmp group[group-address| interfaceinterface-typeinterface-
number] *[ verbose] command to check information about the members that havedynamically joined a multicast group.
----End
2.5 Optimizing IGMP Performance
After being enabled, IGMP can work normally using the default configuration. You can also
adjust IGMP parameter settings to enhance network security and performance.
Pre-configuration Tasks
2.4 Configuring Basic IGMP Functions
Configuration Process
You can perform the following configuration tasks in any sequence as required.
2.5.1 Configuring the Router-Alert Option
Context
Generally, a network device sends a packet to the corresponding protocol module for processingonly when the destination address of the packet is the address of a local interface. According to
this rule, IGMP packets cannot be sent to the IGMP module because their destination addresses
are multicast addresses but not a local interface address. As a result, the network device cannot
maintain group memberships. The Router-Alert option is introduced to solve this problem. If a
packet contains the Router-Alert option in the IP header, devices that receive the packet send
the packet to the corresponding protocol module without checking the destination IP address of
the packet.
By default, the switch sends received IGMP packets to the IGMP module for processing no
matter whether the packets have the Router-Alert option in their IP headers. This ensures
compatibility between the switch and other de