Cloud Computing

Why is it called the cloud?

Clouds and VM

• First step to learning about cloud is Virtualization

• Taking VM from your desktop to cloud is our goal (which will not be easy, but we will make it happen)

• Scaling and why it matters to have many VM ?

• Connecting VM’s and what is an appliance ?

• Discussion on VM <-> Cloud

What is a Virtual Machine?

• Classic Definition (Popek and Goldberg ’74)

• VMM Properties

• Fidelity• Performance• Safety and Isolation

What is a Virtual Machine?• Software Abstraction

– Behaves like hardware– Encapsulates all OS and

application state

• Virtualization Layer– Extra level of indirection– Decouples hardware, OS– Enforces isolation– Multiplexes physical

hardware across VMs

• Host OS and Guest OS

Virtualization PropertiesIsolation

– Fault isolation– Performance isolation

Encapsulation– Cleanly capture all VM state– Enables VM snapshots, clones

Portability– Independent of physical hardware– Enables migration of live, running VMs

Interposition– Transformations on instructions, memory, I/O– Enables transparent resource overcommitment,

encryption, compression, replication …

Cloud Concepts•It is critical to build a scalable architecture in order to take advantage of a scalable infrastructure

•Identify the monolithic components and bottlenecks in your architecture

•Identify the areas where you cannot leverage the on-demand provisioning capabilities

•Refactor your application in order to leverage the scalable aspects

•Scalability flavors:

•Vertical Scaling

•Horizontal Scaling

•Elasticity and finding the happy medium

•Think parallel and decoupled!

Cloud terms

•Image/Appliance: a software image containing a software stack designed to run on a virtual machine.

•Instance: an image/appliance running in a virtual machine

A Cloud is a type of parallel and distributed system consistingof a collection of inter-connected and virtualized computersthat are dynamically provisioned and presented as one ormore unified computing resource(s) based on service-levelagreements established through negotiation between theservice provider and consumers.'

Cloud computing and emerging IT platforms: Vision, hype, and reality for delivering computing as the 5th utility. Buyaa et al. http://goo.gl/BPyCcH

NIST: National Institute of Standards and Technology

• Essential Characteristics

• Service Models

• Deployment Models

• Commercial Terms of Service

US Department of Commerce

http://www.nist.gov/itl/cloud/

Cloud: Essential Characteristics

• On-demand self-service: Client can provision resources as needed in an automatic fashion without human interaction with provider

• Broad network access: Resources are accessible through the internet

• Resource pooling: Provider’s resources are pooled to serve multiple clients. Resources can be reassigned as needed

• Rapid elasticity: Resources can be provisioned rapidly

• Measured service: Resource usage/allocation is monitored/metered for each client

Cloud: Service Models

• Cloud Software as a Service (SaaS): Provides software applications through cloud infrastructure for clients to access through thin-clients (e.g. web-browser)

• Cloud Platform as a Service (PaaS): Provides infrastructure for applications deployed by the client (e.g. provides an operating system)

• Cloud Infrastructure as a Service (IaaS): Provides processing, storage, networks, and other fundamental resources where the consumer is able to deploy and run arbitrary software (e.g. client installs an operating system)

Cloud: Deployment Models

• Private cloud: Cloud infrastructure for exclusive use by a single organization. (e.g., UA’s cloud for IT services)

• Community cloud: Cloud infrastructure for exclusive use by a specific community. (e.g., iPlant’s cloud)

• Public cloud: Cloud infrastructure open for use by the general public (e.g., Amazon)

• Hybrid cloud: Cloud infrastructure that is a composition of two or more distinct cloud infrastructures as listed above that remain unique entities

13http://www.biomedcentral.com/1471-2105/13/42

Distributing complete software stacks

What is inside ?

Parts of Openstack• Nova: primary computing engine

• Swift: objects store

• Cinder: block storage

• Neutron: networking capability

• Keystone: identity services

• Glance: image mgmt services

• Ceilometer: telemetry services

• Heat: orchestration component

• Horizon: Web UI

http://opensource.com/resources/what-is-openstack

What are we using ?

• Openstack Havana

• http://futuregrid.github.io/manual/openstackhavana.html

• Learn more about Openstack http://opensource.com/business/14/2/openstack-beginners-guide

• Next class hands on cloud !

How much does it cost?http://calculator.s3.amazonaws.com/calc5.html

How much does it cost?

• You have 2 TB of data.

• You make the computational data parallel (Different chunks of data may be processed simultaneously).

• You want to process it, but it takes one core and 4GB of RAM 10h to process 200MB of data (RAM usage scales linearly with data).

• How much will it cost to process all the data in 1 hour?

• Note: the final output is 100MB. How much does cost to transfer the data to AWS and transfer the results back?

• What is the difference between using the East Coast versus the West Coast facilities?

http://calculator.s3.amazonaws.com/calc5.html

FutureGrid!

• https://portal.futuregrid.org/tutorials

• Do Tutorials:

• Tutorial Topic 0: Accessing FutureGrid Resources

• Tutorial Topic 1: Using OpenStack Grizzly on FutureGrid