Closing the Loop - IAPMO€¦ · Closing the loop is a process that depends on scale. PAE’s Six...
Transcript of Closing the Loop - IAPMO€¦ · Closing the loop is a process that depends on scale. PAE’s Six...
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Closing the Loop
May 15, 2018Presented to the Sixth Emerging Water Technology Symposium by Carmen Cejudo, PE, PAE
Approaches to Net Zero Water
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“To be sustainable our culture must function as a mature ecosystem.”- Toby Hemenway, Author of Gaia’s Garden
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Functional vs. Dysfunctional Systems
Overview of Cycles
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The Water Cycle
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The Carbon Cycle
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Our current systems are disconnected
From the Humunaure Handbook
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Closing the Loop includes the Nutrient Cycle
From the Humunaure Handbook
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Built Environment & The Broader Ecology
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Thermoelectic Power41.5%
Irrigation 37%
Aquaculture 2.6%
Industrial 5%Domestic
8.5%
Other Publically Supplied Uses 5.4%
US Water Use
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Water Cleaning & Transportation 19%
End Use 81%
California Water Related Energy Use
End use 81%
Energy & Water Nexus
CEC 2005 Report
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There is no “one” solution.
Closing the loop is a process that depends on scale.
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PAE’s Six Steps to Net Zero Water
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The first step strives to eliminate pollution
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Top Causes of Pollution in Rivers and Streams
Agriculture 22%
Hydromodification14%
Unknown 11%Habitat
Alteration 10%Natural/Wildlife 9%
Sewage/Municipal Discharges 8%
Unspecified Nonpoint8%
Atmospheric Deposition 6%
Resource Extraction 5%
Urban Runoff/ Stormwater 5%
Construction Sites0.15%
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Pollutants at the Building Scale
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Water Budget
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Analyze the Ecosystem
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Analyze the Ecosystem
Rain income – average yearly rainfall
38
11
36
20
12
47
0
5
10
15
20
25
30
35
40
45
50
Seattle Tucson Portland San Francisco Los Angeles New York
Inch
es
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Nature’s Water Budget
6.93
4.224.67
3.26 3.09
1.77
0.520.79
1.48
3.56
6.86
7.9
0
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec
Ave
rag
e R
ain
fall
(in
.)
Inches of Monthly Average Rainfall for Portland
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Reduce Water Use
How we use water
Toilet 44%
Laundry20%
Bath / Shower 31%
Drinking / Cooking 5%
Typical Household Water Use
Washing & Others 28%
Cooling Towers 31%
Garden / Landscaping
4%
Toilet 37%
Office Building Water Use
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Reduce Potable Water Use
Water EfficientWaterless Solar Powered
Dual-Flush Low Flow
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Separate Water & Nutrient Streams
Bla
ck W
ater
Pota
ble
Wat
er
Gre
y W
ater
Rain
Wat
er
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Treat Using Natural Process
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Architect: NBBJ
Large Scale Urban Development
Scale Jumping Impacts for Retail Water Usage
OFFICE USAGE TO ROOF AREA NEEDED RETAIL TO ROOF AREA NEEDED
Roof area needed:~180,000 sf
Roof area needed:~1,000,000 sf
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S – Ne+
Architect: NBBJ
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Small Scale Example: 4-Unit Retreat
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Individual Scale
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Individual Scale
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WATER- Efficient Fixtures- 20% Saved
STATS - Hospital- 155,000 sf- Two Floors
BENCHMARKS- Pursuing LEED Gold- LEED fundamental and enhanced commissioning
FEATURES- Built to operating
room standards- LED lighting- Daylight harvesting- HVAC heat and
recovery evaporative cooling
ENERGY - 20% Saved
“Our desire is to open a wedge into the future so that we, and others can see what is possible in a contemporary office building. “ - Denis Hayes Bullitt Foundation, President
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Medium Scale Example: Office Building
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Medium Scale Example: Office Building
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Living in a Living Building
The Restroom Experience
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Grrrrrrrrr…
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Composting Toilet System
First Compost Removal
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Composting Toilet System
First Compost Removal
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Composting Toilet System
First Compost Removal
No odors, just dry compost
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Rainwater to Potable
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Rainwater
Greywater
Blackwater
Potable
Non-Potable
SFR
All Other
Local Building Department Plumbing Permit(City of Seattle)
State Department of Health Group A or B Public Water
System(WSDOH)
Local Health Department (PHSKC)
Local Building Department Plumbing Permit(City of Seattle)
Local Health Department (PHSKC)
State Department of HealthLOSS and/or Reclaimed Water
Permit(WSDOH)
State Department of EcologyWastewater Discharge Permit
(WSDOE)
Local Building Department Plumbing Permit(City of Seattle)
Indoor
Outdoor
Indoor
Outdoor
Seasonal
Year-round
≥100,000gpd
<3,500 gpd
≥100,000gpd
≥ 3,500 gpd,<100,000gpd
<3,500 gpd
Local Health Department (PHSKC)
State Department of HealthLOSS and/or Reclaimed Water
Permit(WSDOH)
State Department of EcologyWastewater Discharge Permit
(WSDOE)
Greywater
Indoor
Outdoor
Seasonal
Year-round
≥100,000gpd
≥ 3,500 gpd,
<100,000gpd
<3,500 gpd
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Recommendations
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Blackwater Treatment
Membrane Bioreactor
Constructed Wetland
Composter
Living Machine
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Wastewater Treatment
Septic Tank
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Effluent Management
Drainfield
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Wastewater Management
Constructed wetlands
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Wastewater Treatment
Packaged treatment system
Membrane Bioreactors Sequencing Batch Reactors
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Greywater Treatment
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Greywater Treatment
Toilets and urinals flushed with reclaimed water
DO NOT DRINK
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Rainwater Treatment
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Storing Embodied Solar Energy
Challenges
Properly sizing cistern
Collection area
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Rainwater Reclamation
Portland State University, NW Center for Engineering (LEED Gold)
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Potable Rainwater
Lessons learned
Anticipate long regulatory process
Work with reviewer early in the project
Required to become a water district
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Verify Performance
Metering:−Total hot water use−Total water use−Tenant water use−Cistern levels
CC1
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Slide 53
CC1 Replace with Water Meter ImageCarmen Cejudo, 5/8/2018
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Living Building Lessons
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Creating a better environment
Carmen Cejudo, PE, LEED AP
Project Manager
206.596.8606
1501 E Madison Street, Suite 300Seattle, WA 98122