Closing the gap – linking collection data to applied research

Closing the gap – linking collection data to applied

research

Klaus RiedeAlexander Koenig Zoological Research Institute

and Museum of Zoology

&

Center for Development Research

(ZEF), Bonn Germany

“Integrated species information systems will allow data mining that

cannot be imagined today“

(EDWARDS et al. 2000)

Anthemideae

Data mining: Insect - plant relationsStep 1: Secondary compounds (INFOBOT)

Data mining: Insect - plant relations

• Step 1: Identification of Anthemidae - Compositae BIOLOG - INFOBOT/Bohlmann Files

• Step 2: Distribution of host plants: Anthemidae BIOLOG - INFOBOT

• Step 3: Distribution of phytophagous insects (e.g. grasshoppers, butterflies) BIOLOG - SYSTAX - EDIS-DORSA/GART/INGE

• Step 4: Comparisons of distribution by

– Visualising maps (GIS)

– Geostatistics

Applications of data mining

• agriculture

• conservation

• ecology

...but how far have we got?

• taxo-reference (determination)

• geo-reference (linking to GIS)

• Integration (with „applied“ databases)

Taxo-reference: The taxonomic impediment

How many species are there?

• 30 million (Erwin1983) ?

• ...but definitely 5 million (Gaston 1991)

• 3 times more than taxonomically described!

Where are they?

TYPES OF TOMORROW

Cerace diehlii Heteroc. Sumatr. 12(3): 155-161

Chironomus sp. WOC

Eneoptera sp.

Gene sequences for descriptionGene sequences for description

Interdisciplinary approach to Phylogeny of Geometrid Moths: Combined character sets from two BIOLOG projects.

Peribatodes rhomboidaria

Idaea filicata

Idaea distinctaria Idaea seriata

Scopula rubiginata Scopula imitaria

Scopula vigilata

Glossotrophia alba Scopula marginepunctata

Xanthorhoe vidanoi Epirrhoe alternata

Cyclophora puppillaria

98

Timandra comae Finland

Idaea degeneraria Idaea aversata

Xanthorhoe ferrugata

Chloroclystis v-ata

93

100 79

63

Timandra griseata Timandra comae Bavaria 93

68

52


Idaea filicata



Scopula vigilata







Chloroclystis v-ata

Timandra griseata Timandra comae Bavaria


Idaea filicata



Scopula vigilata







Chloroclystis v-ata

Timandra griseata Timandra comae Bavaria

Morphological tree

(from: Abraham et al 2001, modified and refined by INGE project)

DNA-based tree

(from: Miller, Hausmann, Trusch, 2001)

INGE

CONSENSUS

morphological, distributional, and ecological data

molecular data

• Identification of larvae/immatures

• Identification by non-taxonomists

• Examples from Lepidoptera:– Kl. Frostspanner, Winter Moth (Operophtera brumata)

– Gr. Frostspanner, Mottled Umber (Erannis defoliaria)

– Roßkastanienspanner, March Moth (Alsophila aescularia)

– Kiefernspanner, Bordered White (Bupalus piniaria)

DNA sequencing asReliable Assessment Tool

- Applications in:

Agricultural Entomology (EDIS/INGE; EDIS/DNA-TAX)Forest Entomology (EDIS/OBIF)

Where are the extinct species? • 17,500 species becoming extinct per year (estimate: Wilson

1988)

• Could you name one?

• IUCN - International Red List 2000 (Hilton-Taylor 2000):

• Insecta: – 73 EXTINCT

– 40 DATA DEFICIENT

Improving our estimate by:- investigating destroyed habitats- extrapolate from botanical data (endangered/extinct plants)

Insecta are not covered by IUCN ....

...but there are well-monitored flagship species

Species fact sheet from:EDIS/GART

Specimen data and Conservation

BIOLOG Databases– taxonomic databases

– specimen data (history)

– Rapid assessment (EDIS/ABIS, DORSA)

– Reliable assessment (EDIS/DNA-TAX, INGE)

– keys (EDIS/OBIF, INGE)

-

CONSERVATION Databases– monitoring threat status

(IUCN - www.redlist.org;BirdLife International - IBAs)

– population data/ time series(UNEP-WCMC - marine turtles;Wetlands International - waterbirdsRinging databases (birds, bats)

– Environmental data(WWF; UNEP-WCMC; CI;CIESIN; GRID-Arendal)

– mapping

Combining Museum and Monitoring Data by Mapping

Nesting beaches:Marine turtles/IndopacificWorld Conservation Monitoring Centre (WCMC), 1999

Museum data:adapted from Iverson 1992Compilation:Global Register of Migratory Species (GROMS); 2001

Species distribution maps require various sources

• Museum specimen data (points)

• Monitoring data (selected sites)

• Generalized data (Expected Area, models)

• Raster data

The OpenGIS concept

• Web-based interchange of GIS data and protocols

• OpenSource software

• OpenGIS mapserver and protocol are developed for SYSTAX by EXSE, Dept of Geoinformatics, Bonn University

Geo-referencing the bottleneck for specimen databases

One collector:3 sites3,000 specimens

The solution:Geo-reference the collector

Closing the gap – linking collection data to applied research

Science

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