Closed-Loop Lifecycle Management (CL2M)content.pi.tv/events/PI Berlin...

EPFL/STI/IGM/ICT for Sustainable Manufacturing @ PI Berlin 2017/ 28.02.2017 http://ict4sm.epfl.ch/ 1

Closed-Loop Lifecycle Management (CL2M)

Concepts and Technologies for Closing Information Loopswithin the Product Lifecycle to Create the Foundation of a Digital Enterprise

Dimitris Kiritsis

EPFL, ICT for Sustainable Manufacturing

[email protected]

http://ict4sm.epfl.ch/

mailto:[email protected]


Some words about DK…

• STI-IGM

– Prof. ICT for Sustainable Manufacturing

• EC – AG LEIT-NMBP

– Individual Member

• IFIP WG5.7 – Advanced Production Management Systems

– Chair

• Member (representing EPFL)

www.cl2m.com


http://www.cl2m.com/


ICT for Sustainable Manufacturing

Optimisation

of Lifecycles

of Product Systems

OT

SYSTEMS ENG

Business Process ModelingFunctional Modeling…

ET

OPERATIONS RESEARCH

Petri Nets

Graph Theory

Statistical Analysis

…

Sustainable Manufacturing involves a complex system of Products,

Processes and Ressources need for multidisciplinary research

Main disciplines:

•MECHANICAL ENG

•MANUFACTURING ENG

•LIFECYCLE MANAGEMENT

IT

COMPUTER SCIENCE

Ontology Engineering / Semantic WebInternet of ThingsKnowledge Management /AI

Machine LearningData AnalyticsReasoning…



What must be “sustained” in manufacturing ?

• Performance, Quality and Safety

• Natural resources and Environment

• Lifecycle thinking

• Human Capital and Education

• Innovation



Lifecycles

MOL

Assembly

Part Manufacturing

Procurement

BOL

Detail Design

Life Cycle Planning

EOL

Disposal

Parts/Component reuse

Collection (Reverse logistics)

Life Cycle

Conceptual Design

Distribution

(Logistics)

Maintenance

(Service)

Use

Material recycleDesign Production

Lifecycle DB/KB

PLMPlatform

Lifecycle dataLifecycle data

Lifecycle data

Remanufacturing

(Disassembly

Refurbishment,

Reassembly,

Test, etc)



MOL

Process

Resource

Product

DESIGN

Process

Resource

Product

PRODUCTION

Process

Resource

Product

EOL

Process

Resource

Product

Materials

Disposal

Recycling

Re-mfg.

Service Re-use

Closing the information loops



CL2M: Closed Loop Lifecycle ManagementThe PROMISE Concept

- Data

Embeddeddevice

- Diagnosis- Decision making

- Data

- Info

- Info

- Info request

- Info- Advice

PEID(CPS enablers)- Sensors- Tags- Memory- Data

Wireless comm.

(short distance)

Internet

(long distance)- Semantics- Ubiquitous computing

- PLM agent- Knowledge agent- DFX agent

Producer’sPDKM

© EPFL

- Product/Asset with

- PLM Agent

In the Cloud

- PLM system- KB repositories



Applications

PEIDRFID

Middleware

Data Services

Embedded

Systems

Read/Write

Business

Processes DecommissioningBusiness

Processes

ProductsProducts

Design/Production

Design for XPreventivePredictive

MaintenanceTracking &Tracing

Adaptive

Production

Effective

Recycling

Semantic

enrichmentDispatching

NotificationsPEID

Management

AnalyticsKnowledge

Management

Decision

Making

A system architecture for CL2M and I4.0



CL2M system architecture - 2

Data analytics and transformations (Middleware)

Data gathering (PEID)

Business applications

BOL MOL EOL

(1) Horizontally closed

Lifecycle Data-Information-Knowledge Transformations

- Gathering data- Feedback

- Information, Knowledge- Feedback

(2) Vertically closed

Applications

PEIDRFID

Middleware

Data Services

Embedded

Systems

Read/Write

Business

Processes DecommissioningBusiness

Processes

ProductsProducts

Design/Production

Design for XPreventivePreventive

MaintenanceTracking &Tracing

…Adaptive

Production…

Effective

Recycling

Semantic

enrichmentDispatching

NotificationsPEID

Management

AnalyticsKnowledge

Management

Decision

Making



The intelligent consumer/user in the loop …in the Product Lifecycle loops

Designer / Producer

Consumer /User

ServiceProvider

D, I

K

D, I

D, I

IoT&

PEID(CPS enablers)



Systems of Systems: Closed-Loop Lifecycle Management (CL2M)

Instance

Manufacturing

1

Manufacturing 2

User 1

User 2

Recycling

InstanceInstance

Instance

Instanc

e

Product information

Where? In one or many places?

Type/version/instance-specific?

Information

queries/updates

Designer 1

Designer 2

”Thing

”

”Thing

”

”Thing

”Business

idea/plan

IoT

• Lifecycle view: IoT is about managing all information about any product/Thing

• Information is Distributed over Systems (devices, servers, applications, ...)

• Information is Distributed over Organizations (companies, individuals, authorities, …)

• Product (and its parts) are unique instances

• How manage identities, access rights, …?

• IoT should provide necessary Capabilities for CL2M

Red arrows: O-MI & O-DF

www.cl2m.com


http://www.cl2m.com/


Ontology Based Lifecycle Engineering



Why an ontology ?

“An ontology is a formal naming and definition of the concepts, properties, and interrelationships of the entities that really or fundamentally exist for a particular domain”

Inference engine

Data base

Bridge for multiple domains

Mediator for multiple platforms

Linked data enabler

Semantic search

Source of knowledge



Ontology

14

• Ontology =def. a representation of the types of entities in

a given domain and of the relations between them.

• types = universals, classes, kinds, categories

– roughly that which is general in reality, including

• types of aircraft

• types of aircraft part

• types of aircraft maintenance process

as contrasted with individuals, particulars, instances of these

types

– this specific aircraft, that specific aircraft part

• relations: is a subtype of (is_a), is part of, has part, …



Why ontologis for PLM ?

Scattered data in several sources, systems and services

Different actors withmultidisciplinary skills

Data Analyticsmodule

Semantic modellingmodule



Our basic concept for Ontology Based Lifecycle Engineering

Resource

TimeProduct

Process

Dynamic

Properties

Dynamic

Properties

Dynamic

Properties

is operated at

is executedat

supports at

Agent

serve atDynamic

Properties

has

has

has

requests

has

Static

Properties

has

Static

Properties

Static

Properties

Static

Properties

has

has

has

Time point

^^ xsd:double

has

has

has

has

Events

has

Events

Events

Events

has

has

has



Draft of a generic PLC (Product Life Cycle) Ontology

based on

BFO (Basic Formal Ontology)

17

With the contribution of Barry Smith (NCOR, Buffalo)



Basic Formal Ontology - BFO

18

Continuant Occurrent(Process, Event)

IndependentContinuant

DependentContinuant

https://github.com/BFO-ontology


https://github.com/BFO-ontology


Continuant

IndependentContinuant

SpecificallyDependentContinuant

Non-realizableDependentContinuant(quality)

RealizableDependentContinuant(function, role, disposition)


19

Material Entity

Immaterial Entity



Continuant Occurrent

process, eventIndependentContinuant

thing

DependentContinuant

quality

.... ..... .......quality depends

on bearer




Continuant Occurrent

process, eventIndependentContinuant

thing

DependentContinuant

quality, …

.... ..... .......event depends

on participant




Four major top-level categories in BFO

ProcessInformation EntityMaterial Entity Attribute

BFO:Continuant BFO:Occurrent



Four major top-level categories in BFO


CrackFaultDiscontinuity

StatusStateProductivityQualityFunction

BFO:Continuant BFO:Occurrent



Top Level organization of BFO


BFO: Continuant BFO: Occurrent

Temporal Region

occupies

Spatial Region

occupies



ProcessInformation EntityMaterial Entity

BFO Material Entity

25

Portion of MaterialPart/Component

SwitchBoilerFurnaceTank

FactoryAccess roadDelivery vehicle




Product Model (output of CAD system)

Requirement Specification

Process PlanProduction PlanPart/Component List

Maintenance PlanMaintenance ReportMaintenance History

BFO Information Entity

26




Design ProcessProduction Process

Production Plan Generation Process

Product Use ProcessProduct Maintenance ProcessProduct Inspection Process

End Of Life Process

BFO Process Entity

27



Pro

cess

Info

rmat

ion

Enti

tyM

ate

rial

Enti

tytime

Time

28



Space & Time


BFO: Continuant BFO: Occurrent

Temporal Region

occupies

Spatial Region

occupies

For some processes we have also process boundaries (beginning of process, end of process) at determinate Temporal Intervals. For some processes beginnings or endings may be indeterminate



Pro

cess

Info

rmat

ion

Enti

tyM

ate

rial

Enti

tyProcess

Planned Process

Product Life Cycle (PLC)

BFO: Process

The PLC ontology

30



Pro

cess

Process

Planned Process


BFO: Process

ProductionPlan

GenerationProcess

DesignProcess

Follows Mainten-ance

Process

UseProcess

End of Life

Process

Part of Part of Part of Part of Part of

Follows Follows Inter-sperses Follows

Part of

ProductionProcess

Info

rmat

ion

Enti

tyM

ate

rial

Enti

ty

The PLC ontology



Pro

cess

Process

Planned Process


BFO: Process

ProductionPlan

GenerationProcess

DesignProcess

Follows Mainten-ance

Process

UseProcess

End of Life

Process


Follows Follows Inter-sperses Follows

Part of

ProductionProcess

RequirementPlanning

Concept Development

Product Definition

Product Development

Product Introduction

Product Support

Disposal and Recycling

Generic perspective from the manufacturing industry

The PLC ontology

32



Follows

Pro

cess

Process

Planned Process


BFO: Process

Production PlanGeneration Process

DesignProcess

Part of

FollowsProduction

Process

Info

rmat

ion

Enti

ty

Part of

Maintenance Process

Part of

Follows

Part of

ProductionPlan

Has outputGuides

The PLC ontology

33



Follows

Pro

cess

Process

Planned Process


BFO: Process


DesignProcess

Part of

FollowsProduction

Process

Info

rmat

ion

Enti

ty

Part of

Maintenance Process

Part of

Follows

Part of

ProductionPlan

Has outputGuided-by

Mat

eri

alEn

tity

Has-output

Product

The PLC ontology

34



Maintenance Process

Maintenance PlanGeneration Process

Has output

MaintenancePlan

Guided-by

The PLC ontology

35



Follows

Pro

cess

Process

Planned Process


BFO: Process


DesignProcess

Part of

FollowsProduction

Process

Info

rmat

ion

Enti

ty

Part of

Maintenance Process

Part of

Follows

Part of

Has output

Guided-by


Has output

MaintenancePlan

Guided-by

ProductionPlan

The PLC ontology

36



Follows

Process

Planned Process


BFO: Process


DesignProcess

Part of

FollowsProduction

Process

Part of

Maintenance Process

Part of

Follows

Part of

Has output

Guided-by

Has output

MaintenancePlan

Guided-by

ProductionPlan

MaintenanceReport


The PLC ontology

37



Follows

Pro

cess

Process

Planned Process


BFO: Process


DesignProcess

Part of

FollowsProduction

Process

Info

rmat

ion

Enti

ty

Part of

Maintenance Process

Part of

Follows

Part of

ProductionPlan

Has outputGuided-by

Mat

eri

alEn

tity

Has-output

Product

The PLC ontology

38



Follows

Process

Planned Process


BFO: Process


DesignProcess

Part of

FollowsProduction

Process

Part of

Maintenance Process

Part of

Follows

Part of

Has output*

Guided-by

Has output

MaintenancePlan

Guided-by

ProductionPlan

MaintenanceReport


The PLC ontology

39

Product

Has output*



Process

Planned Process


BFO: Process


FollowsProduction

Process

Part of

Maintenance Process

Part of

Follows

Part of

Has outputGuided-by

Has output

MaintenancePlan

Guided-by

ProductionPlan

MaintenanceReport


Maintenance History

Technical Manual

The PLC ontology

40



Transformed-into

Material Entity

ProductWaste

MaterialRaw

Material Has-input

The PLC ontology

41

We need to deal with the fact that the end-of-life process normally occurs not merely after some process of use, but after long sequence of processes of use or after a long time period has elapsed



End of Life Process

EOL Process

Input-to

Take back Re-cycling Remanufacturing Re-use Disposal

Transformed-intoProduct

WasteMaterial

RawMaterial Has-input

Has-output

Is-a Is-a Is-aIs-aIs-a

The PLC ontology

42



Mat

eri

alEn

tity

PersonAggregate of persons (Team, Staff, …)

The PLC ontology

43

People



Mat

eri

alEn

tity

Procurement Staff, Designer, Production Engineer, User…

People

Disposal Engineer…

The PLC ontology

44



Mat

eri

alEn

tity

Repair Depot

Utility System (Energy, Water, Data … )

Design Shop, Factory, …

Maintenance System

Supply System (Fuel, ….)

Infrastructure (Transport / Delivery System … )

Facilities + Systems

Machine, Vehicle

The PLC ontology

45



Planned Process


Production PlanGeneration

Process

Designprocess

FollowsProduction

ProcessPossession,

Storage

End of Life Process

Requirements Specification

Guides

Product Model (Drawing, …)

ProductionPlan

Maintenance PlanGeneration

Process MaintenanceProcess

Has outputIs input for

Is input for

Maintenance Plan

Guides

Product

Has output Guides

Is input for


Part of

Has output

Is input for

Is input for

Portion of Waste Material

Has output

Portion of RawMaterial

Factory (Machine, Building, …)

Human being (Designer, Manager, Machinist, Maintenance Engineer, User, … )

Utility Supply System (Energy, Water, Data … )

TechnicalDocumentation

Has output

Pro

cess

Info

rmat

ion

Enti

tyM

ate

rial

Enti

tyBFO: Process

User Documentation

Follows Follows Follows Follows

Has output

Part of

UseProcess

The PLC ontology

46



Basic Formal Ontology (BFO)

Industry Ontology Foundry (IOF)

47

INDEPENDENTCONTINUANT

DEPENDENT CONTINUANT

INFORMATION ARTIFACT

OCCURRENT

Materials Functions

Materials Attributes

Product Attributes

Software

Drawings

Specifications

Manuals

Images

Sensor Data

Processes

Product Life Cycle

Equipment

Products



Taking the LEAP …

2/28/201749



Applications in FP7 & H2020 projects


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Merci

Thank You


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