CloningCloning

What is cloning?What is cloning?

CloningCloning is the process of making a is the process of making a genetically identical organism or cell genetically identical organism or cell through nonsexual means. through nonsexual means.

3 main types of cloning technology:3 main types of cloning technology:

1.1. Reproductive cloningReproductive cloning - Technology used to generate - Technology used to generate

an animal that has the same an animal that has the same nuclear DNA as another nuclear DNA as another currently or previously currently or previously existing animal. existing animal.

22. DNA cloning. DNA cloning aka: recombinant DNA technology, molecular aka: recombinant DNA technology, molecular

cloning, or gene cloning cloning, or gene cloning the transfer of a DNA fragment of interest from one the transfer of a DNA fragment of interest from one

organism into a segment of DNA that can copy itself. organism into a segment of DNA that can copy itself. (Plasmid)(Plasmid)

3. Therapeutic Cloning3. Therapeutic Cloning Aka: embryo cloning Aka: embryo cloning The production of human embryos for use in The production of human embryos for use in

research. research. The goal of this process is not to create The goal of this process is not to create

cloned human beings, but rather to harvest cloned human beings, but rather to harvest stem cells that can be used to study human stem cells that can be used to study human development and to treat disease. development and to treat disease.

Uses for CloningUses for Cloning

Reproductive cloning also Reproductive cloning also could be used to could be used to repopulate endangered repopulate endangered animals or animals that animals or animals that

are difficult to breed.are difficult to breed.

Gaur cloned in 2001

Mouflon cloned in 2001

Reproductive cloning Reproductive cloning can be used to make can be used to make multiple copies of multiple copies of award-winning plants award-winning plants or animals or or animals or organisms that have organisms that have been genetically been genetically engineered. engineered.

DNA cloning allows scientists to copy DNA cloning allows scientists to copy a particular gene for study.a particular gene for study.

Bacteria have been used to produce:Bacteria have been used to produce: Insulin for diabeticsInsulin for diabetics Clotting factors for hemophiliacsClotting factors for hemophiliacs Human growth hormoneHuman growth hormone LeptinLeptin parathyroid hormoneparathyroid hormone interferoninterferon

Therapeutic cloning technology may be Therapeutic cloning technology may be used some day in humans to produce used some day in humans to produce whole organs from single cells or to whole organs from single cells or to produce healthy cells that can replace produce healthy cells that can replace damaged cells in degenerative diseases damaged cells in degenerative diseases such as Alzheimer's or Parkinson's. such as Alzheimer's or Parkinson's.

How is cloning performed?How is cloning performed?

Two methods for reproductive cloning:Two methods for reproductive cloning:1. Artificial embryo twinning1. Artificial embryo twinning

http://learn.genetics.utah.edu/units/cloning/whatiscloning/

2. Somatic cell nuclear transfer2. Somatic cell nuclear transfer

DNA Cloning:DNA Cloning:

Therapeutic CloningTherapeutic Cloning

Are clones identical?Are clones identical?