Clinical Psychology

Clinical Psychology

is the psychological specialty that provides continuing and comprehensive mental and behavioral health care for individuals

is a broad branch of psychology that focuses on diagnosing and treating mental, emotional, and behavioral disorders

Some of the common disorders :

learning disabilitiessubstance abusedepressionanxietyeating disorder

Mental Healthis not just the absence of mental illness. It is defined as a state of well-being in which every individual realizes his or her own potential, can cope with the normal stresses of life, can work productively and fruitfully, and is able to make a contribution to his or her community (WHO, 2007)

Mental Health is about :

How we feel about ourselvesHow we feel about others How we are able to meet the demands of

life

Mental illness

refers to a wide range of mental health conditions — disorders that affect your mood, thinking and behaviorrefers to the kind of general mental health problems that we can all experience in certain stressful circumstances

Types of mental illnesses

Mood disorders (affective disorders): Depression, mania and bipolar

Anxiety disorders: Generalized anxiety disorder, post-traumatic stress disorder, obsessive-compulsive disorder, panic disorder

Psychotic disorders: schizophreniaConcurrent disorders: addictions and substance abusePersonality disorders: antisocial personality disorder,

obsessive-compulsive personality disorder

Major Approaches to Clinical Psychology

The Psychodynamic ApproachThe Cognitive-Behavioral ApproachThe Humanistic Approach The Family Systems Approach

The Psychodynamic Approach

refers to the theories and therapies developed by Sigmund Freud and supported by his followers Jung, Klein and Adler

The Psychodynamic Approach

is to understand what is going on in the mind of an individual or "to get in the head" of a patient to see what is going on in the unconscious part of the mind

Cognitive Behavioral Therapy (CBT)

is a type of talking treatment that focuses on how your thoughts, beliefs and attitudes affect your feelings and behavior, and teaches you coping skills for dealing with different problems.

It combines cognitive therapy (examining the things you think) and behavior therapy (examining the things you do).

The Humanistic Approachis a psychological perspective that emphasizes the study of the whole person. Humanistic psychologists look at human behavior not only through the eyes of the observer, but through the eyes of the person doing the behaving. Humanistic psychologists believe that an individual's behavior is connected to his inner feelings and self-image.

The Family Systems Approach

is a theory introduced by Dr. Murray Bowen that suggests that individuals cannot be understood in isolation from one another, but rather as a part of their family, as the family is an emotional unit. Families are systems of interconnected and interdependent individuals, none of whom can be understood in isolation from the system.

Learning disability

is a classification that includes several areas of functioning in which a person has difficulty learning in a typical manner, usually caused by an unknown factor or factors.

The unknown factor is the disorder that affects the brain's ability to receive and process information. This disorder can make it problematic for a person to learn as quickly or in the same way as someone who is not affected by a learning disability

Definitions

In the 1980s, NJCLD (National Joint Committee on Learning Disabilities), therefore, defined the term learning disability as:

a heterogeneous group of disorders manifested by significant difficulties in the acquisition and use of listening, speaking, reading, writing, reasoning or mathematical abilities.

Specific Learning Disabilities

Auditory Processing Disorder (APD)

Also known as Central Auditory Processing Disorder, this is a condition that adversely affects how sound that travels unimpeded through the ear is processed or interpreted by the brain. Individuals with APD do not recognize subtle differences between sounds in words, even when the sounds are loud and clear enough to be heard. They can also find it difficult to tell where sounds are coming from, to make sense of the order of sounds, or to block out competing background noises.

Dysgraphia

A specific learning disability that affects a person’s handwriting ability and fine motor skills. Problems may include illegible handwriting, inconsistent spacing, poor spatial planning on paper, poor spelling, and difficulty composing writing as well as thinking and writing at the same time.

Dyslexia

A specific learning disability that affects reading and related language-based processing skills. The severity can differ in each individual but can affect reading fluency, decoding, reading comprehension, recall, writing, spelling, and sometimes speech and can exist along with other related disorders. Dyslexia is sometimes referred to as a Language-Based Learning Disability.

Language Processing Disorder

A specific type of Auditory Processing Disorder (APD) in which there is difficulty attaching. meaning to sound groups that form words, sentences and stories. While an APD affects the interpretation of all sounds coming into the brain, a Language Processing Disorder (LPD) relates only to the processing of language. LPD can affect expressive language and/or receptive language.

Presented to Dr. Josephine Cruz

Presented by: Shiela Rose Magtaos

December 22, 2016