Clinical pathology: Complete Blood count
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Transcript of Clinical pathology: Complete Blood count
Clinical pathology: Clinical pathology: Complete Blood countComplete Blood count
GENERAL OBJECTIVEGENERAL OBJECTIVE:: After finishing lab activity of CBC, the After finishing lab activity of CBC, the student will be able to describe the CBC in student will be able to describe the CBC in the DMS case problemthe DMS case problemSPECIFIC OBJECTIVESPECIFIC OBJECTIVE:: At the end of lab activity of CBC , the At the end of lab activity of CBC , the student will be able to interprete: student will be able to interprete: - the normal of CBC- the normal of CBC - the abnormal of CBC- the abnormal of CBC
Complete Blood Count (CBC)
Providing important information about the kinds and numbers of RBC, WBC and platelet.
Being part of routine physical examination
Help :To evaluate symptoms (weakness, fatigue,
bruising, fever, or weight loss)To diagnose conditions (anemia, infection)To diagnose diseases of the blood (leukemia)To monitor the response to some types of drug
or radiation treatment
CBC usually includes :1. WBC count2. WBC differential3. RBC count4. Hematocrit5. Hemoglobin6. RBC indices (MCV, MCH, MCHC)7. Platelet count8. Blood smear **9. RDW10. ESR
CBC can be performed :Manually :
HemocytometerCalculate from other CBC results (RBC indices)
Automatically (hematologic analyzer)
WBC countTo express WBC concentration per unit volume
of blood (mm3).No distinction is made among the six normal
cell types (band neutrophils,segmented neutophils, lymphocytes, monocytes, eosinophils, basophils).
Increase WBC count leucocytosisDecrease WBC count leucopenia
WBC Differential5 major kinds of WBCImmature neutrophil, band neutrophil
include to the test.Each type of cell plays a different role in
protecting the body.Number of each type give important
information about the immune system.Expressed as a percentage of each type
Increase/decrease number of each type help to identify :infection (neutrophilia, lymphocytosis)Allergic or toxic reaction to certain medication
(eosinophilia)Malignancy (leukemia)
HemoglobinMain component of RBCConjugated proteinServes as a vehicle for the transportation of
O2 and CO2.Gives blood cell its red colorHemoglobin test measures the amount of
hemoglobin in blood.Decrease anemia
RBC indicesThere are 3 RBC indices :1. MCV (Mean Corpuscular Volume)2. MCH (Mean Corpuscular Hemoglobin)3. MCHC (Mean Corpuscular Hemoglobin
Concentration).
Their values are determined from other measurements noted during CBC
Platelet countexpressed as concentration – platelet cells
per unit volume of blood (mm3).Decrease thrombocytopeniaIncrease thrombocytosis
RDWRed Cell Distribution widthReports whether all the red cells are about
the same width, size, and shape.This helps further classify the types of
anemia.
Erythrocyte Sedimentation RateMeasuring the sedimentation of erythrocytes in
diluted human plasma over a specified time period (1 hour)
Measuring the distance from the bottom of the surface meniscus to the top of erythrocyte sedimentation in a vertical column containing diluted whole blood.
Not very specific/diagnostic test still use in many institutions as a screening test for inflammation
Factors affecting ESRRBC size & shapePlasma fibrinogen & globulin levelsMechanicalTechnical
Factors affecting the ESR :Increase :1. Rouleaux
formation2. Fibrinogen
(elevated)3. Immunoglobulin
(excess)
Decrease :1. Microcytes2. Sickle cells3. Spherocytes
Methods performing ESR :Manual :
Westergren MethodWintrobe Method
Automatic
Normal values :Adult men 0-15 mm/hAdult women 0-20 mm/h
Diseases associating with an elevated ESR :
1. Chronic infections(Tb)
2. Multiple Myeloma3. Cryoglobulinemia4. Temporal arteritis5. Inflammatory
diseases6. Pregnancy7. Anemia
8. Malignant neoplasms9. Paraproteinemias10.Macroglobulinemia11.Hyperfibrinogenemia12.Rheumatoid arthritis13.Collagen disease14.Polymyalgia
rheumatica
ResultsNormal value can vary from lab to labNormal value for CBC tests varies, depending
on age, sex, elevation above sea level, and type of sample.