BY BHAVITHA PULAPARTHI

15PIM2246

CLINICAL INFORMATICS

Clinical informatics is the study of information technology and how it can be applied to the healthcare field and provide treatments to the patients (an information-based approach)

Introduction

Health care

Information &communication

technology

The health system

Clinical informatics

CI has it’s own origin in the 1960’s and 1970’s with the concept of ‘medical information system’

In 2011 The American Medical Informatics Association (AMIA was established in 1989 at Bethesda) achieved one of its goals (i.e; American Board of Medical Specialists recognized clinical informatics as a sub-specialty)

The first board certifications were awarded late in 2013

Clinical care (i.e., clinical services to an individual patient)

The health system (i.e., in addition to clinical care this includes major health domains such as public health, personal health, health professional education, and clinical research)

Information and communications technology (i.e., the tools that enable the efficient capture, delivery, transmission, and use of data, information, and knowledge and the knowledge of how to apply those tools effectively)

Domains of clinical informatics

Clinical informaticians use their knowledge of patient care combined with the informatics concepts, methods, and tools to:

Assess information and knowledge needs of health care professionals and patients

Characterize, evaluate, and refine clinical processes Develop, implement, and refine clinical decision support

systems Lead or participate in the procurement, customization,

development, implementation, management, evaluation, and continuous improvement of clinical information systems such as electronic health records and order-entry systems

What does clinical informaticians do? Transform health care by analyzing, designing, implementing,

evaluating information and communication systems that enhance individual and population health outcomes, improve patient care, and strengthen the clinician-patient relationship

Applications: Electronic Health Record (EHR) and Clinical Decision

Support Systems(CDSS’s) are the important central applications in CI

Nursing informatics In India it has major importance in clinical trails

A systematic collection of electronic health information about an individual patient or population of patients

It allows practitioners to record and share data EHR means a repository of patient data in digital form,

stored and exchanged securely, and accessible by multiple authorized users

It contains retrospective, concurrent, and prospective information and its primary purpose is to support continuing, efficient and quality integrated health care

Electronic Health Record’s (HER’s)

EHR

Personal health record

Electronic medical record

Electronic patient record

Computerized patient

recordElectronic

health care record

Computerized

medical records

Digital medical record

Clinical data

repository

Types of EHR Departmental EMR

Inter dept EMR

Hospital EMR

Inter hospital EMR

The success of EHRs depends on the quality of the information available to health care professionals in making decisions about patient care and in the communication between health care professionals during patient care

Good quality of documentation improves the quality of patient care. It is important therefore to assess the quality of information entered in electronic systems by different health care professionals. Decision-making tools can be integrated in EHRs

If the data are inaccurate or incomplete, they will have no worth for decision-making and research

Importance of EHR

EMR EHRIt contains the medical and treatment history of the patients in one practice

It focus on the total health of the patient and general condition of the body

EMR mostly used by clinicians for diagnosis and treatment

EHRs contain information from all the clinicians involved in a patient’s care  to provide care to that patient

Differences between EHR & EMR

Benefits: Eliminates paper recordsDecrease handwriting errorsAllows for implementation of error-reducing technology Drawbacks: Additional privacy securityCostSoftware and quality of care concernsPossibility for unintended consequences and changes to workflows communication, and data entry demands.

Patient + (Physician + Information Technology ){The Patient/Physician Relationship} + {Value Added}

(Patient + Information Technology) + Physician {The Patient/Physician Relationship} + {Value Added}

Relationship between patient , physician , and information technology

Inpatient & Outpatient unitsNon-Clinical StudiesMedical Specialists

Clinical TrialsLaboratoryPharmacy

Where can be used?

Patient care Practice Management Health System Management Public Health Management Research Management

Benefits of A Clinical Informatics

Clinical Application Analyst: Participation in all phases of the system development life

cycle including development of use cases and evaluation of software solutions

Perform in-depth analysis of workflows, data collection, report details, and other technical issues associated with Epic software

Investigate end user‘s preferences and analyze business operations while making decisions

Prioritize and implement requested changes to the system Participate in training and troubleshooting problems for end

users

Careers

EHR Systems Trainer

Use of Health Information Technology(HIT) in producing quality outcomes

This position is key to ensuring clinical user’s readiness and confidence when using the EHR and other HIT systems.  

Responsible for maintaining in-depth knowledge of the EHR and other HIT’s and training staff members on the use of these technologies

Collaborate with the Director of Informatics, and responsible for the development of related training materials

This position requires the ability to explain technology to diverse customers and ensure they are able to use applications and functionality effectively

Participates in system review, design, development, and testing

Develops protocols, policies, procedures, and quality metrics to support the implementation of new technologies, integration with devices, and the EMR.

Researches, analyzes, and makes recommendations for application workflow improvements based on a deep understanding of the clinical workflow in relation to device integration technologies

Participates in the Shared Decision Making councils for the purpose of building clinical informatics systems and workflow analysis

Clinical Informaticist

"Clinical informatics is still in its infancy" "It is a tool that when properly implemented can

increase options for treatments, reduce risks, improve processes, help with financial management, and ultimately improve patient care.

It requires having the people, data, technologies and processes necessary to mine and act upon the information.“

Clinical informatics can be used across the broad spectrum of healthcare and "It is a very broad field, but it is also a very complex field."

Conclusion