Clinical Biomechanics

May 21, 2001

Group #1 Can Chiropractic adjustments improve athletic

performance?

Victor Tran

Nathan Ng

Reeson Flores

Jennifer Allison

Marcus Johnson

Group #2 How does Chiropractic help whiplash?

Sheri Bowles

Suhyun An

Group #3 How can Chiropractic benefit children?

Paola Porrone

Robyn Markley

Nick Milnor

Elric Vindathrax

Jerry Woods

Group # Birth the first subluxation

Mehrdad Sehat

Mohammed Mosadegh

Ogechi Nwaiwu

Group #5 Chiropractic care for ear infections in infants.

Brent Perry

Abhisha Patel

Sarah Montgomery

Group #6 Chiropractic adjustments and its effect on the symptoms of

fibromyalgia

Michael Holder

Hosh Carter

Angie Artho

Jim Bob Haggerton

Kristina Stitcher

Group #7 How does Chiropractic effect tennis elbow?

Mike Pickering

Steve Pickering

Darla (Dusty) Davis

Nick Coleman

Jaime Coleman

Group #8 How does Chiropractic help effect visceral function?

Behzad Salehoun

DJ Mickenna

Eric Ensley

Justin Garrigues

Bradd Calkins

Group #9 The effects of Chiropractic - from labor & delivery to

adolesence.

Scott Briggs

Leigh Frisbee

Amy Harris

Eric Snipes

Group #10 Is it bad for a person to “pop” their neck or back a lot?

Joey Upbrand

James Wiley

Abe Beaber

Group #11 Why should I see a Chiropractor when I am not in pain?

Vicki Baldwin

Kelly Martin

Tom Gore

Cara Davis

Group #12 Chiropractic effects on cortisol levels in the body

Kevin Skinner

Dave Bauer

Robert White

Jason Warren

Andrew Garrett

Lecture Objectives

•Review functional spinal unit

•Review the 7 ligaments

•Review the orthogonal system to include translation and rotation

•Review subluxation

•Review the 3 causes of subluxation

•Review VSC

•Introduce concepts of malposition and listings

•Know the Categories of Disc Degeneration

Hysteresis

Phenomenon associated with energy loss exhibited by viscoelastic materials when they are subjected to loading and unloading cycles.

Functional Spinal Unit

Misalignment

Misalignment = Malposition

Malposition = Fixation

Fixation = Malposition

Diminished = Restricted

Fixation is where the vertebral body is stuck.

Restriction is where the vertebral body cannot go.

Listings

•Point of reference

•TVP’s: LP/RP

•Vertebral Body: BL/BR

•Spinous Process: PR/PL

•Orthogonal: +/- X,Y, or Z

Right rotational fixationRight rotational malposition

Left rotational restrictionRight rotational malposition

Left lateral flexion fixation

Right lateral flexion restriction

Left lateral flexion fixation and right rotational fixation

Right lateral flexion restriction and left rotational restriction

Left lateral flexion fixation and left rotational fixation Right lateral flexion restriction and right rotational restriction

•Spinous Left = PL

•Body Right = BR

•Transverse process post right = RP

•- Y

Flexion Malposition

Extension Malposition

Rotational Malposition

Lateral Flexion Malposition

Flexion Malposition

Left Rotational Malposition

Right Rotational Malposition

Extension Malposition

Left Lateral Flexion Malposition

Right Lateral Flexion Malposition

Normal Disc

•Well hydrated nucleus

•Well nourished annular fibers

•Absence of irritating chemicals

Disc Facts

•20-33% of the height of the vertebral column•Nucleus pulposus 70-90% water content that gradually decreases with age•Nucleus pulposus fills 30-50% disc area cross section•Anulus Fibrosus concentric fibrous bands oriented to about 30 degrees•Anulus Fibrosus fibers attach to endplates in inner zone and directly to vertebral body in outer zone via Sharpey’s fibers

Acute Back Sprain (Type 1)

•Immediate severe pain

may last several weeks

•LBP w/o sciatica

•Annular fiber injury

•Muscle fiber injury

•Non-displaced vertebral endplate fractures

Fluid Ingestion, Organic/Idiopathic

(Type II)

•Sudden passage of fluid into the nucleus pulposus

Posterolateral Annulus Disruption(Type III)

•LBP w/referred sciatica

•Negative Straight Leg Raiser (SLR) test

Bulging Disc (Type IV)

•LBP w/sciatica

even into the foot

Sequestered Fragment(Type V)

•Piece of nucleus pulposus or annulus fibrosus loose

within the disc

Displaced Sequestered Fragment(Type VI)

•Piece of the annulus fibrosus/nucleus pulosus loose within the spinal canal or intervertebral foramen (IVF)

Degenerated Disc(Type VII)

•No longer able to serve an adequate mechanical

function