Climate resilient wheat varieties introduced through international collaboration for enhanced food...
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Transcript of Climate resilient wheat varieties introduced through international collaboration for enhanced food...
Climate resilient wheat varieties introduced through international collaboration for enhanced food security in Central Asia
Ram Sharma et al.13 July 2016
Central Asia Climate Smart Agriculture Workshop12-14 July, Bishkek, Kyrgyzstan
ContributionsNational Wheat Research Programs in Central Asia and the Caucasus (CAC)ICARDA, CIMMYT, CRP-WHEAT, CRP-Dryland Systems
Donors:National funds for wheat research, CACBMZ/GIZRussian FederationsICARDA, CIMMYT
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ICARDA - History of Collaboration in the CAC region
1995The first workshop held in Tashkent in December 1995 brought together
participants from ICARDA and other CG Centers, from donor organizations and NARS of CAC to identify areas of collaboration
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ICARDA - History of Collaboration in the CAC region
1998 Nine CGIAR Centers agreed to form a Consortium to assist the eight
CAC countries in agricultural research with ICARDA as the lead Center ICARDA's CAC Regional Program Office was established on 1 August
1998 in Tashkent, Uzbekistan ICARDA facilitated the establishment of the CGIAR Regional Program
for Sustainable Agriculture in CAC (www.cac-program.org). ICARDA serves as the Convening Center for the CAC Regional Program.
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ICARDA - History of Collaboration in the CAC region
2000– Regional Forum of the CAC countries (CACAARI) was established– CACAARI has been representing Central Asia and the Caucasus at
various regional and global meetings, including Global Forum for Agricultural Research (GFAR)
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Wheat breeders and CSA
• Wheat breeders always think of CSA• Plan for 20 years of climatic variations for each new
variety to reach the farmers’ fields
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Bezostaya 1 – Probably the most climate resilient winter wheat variety
1969 – released
Still grown on≈ 1 million haYield 6 t/ha
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Temperature variations in Karkalpakstan 2013 and 2016
-30-10103050
-30-20-100
1020304050
Tmax Tmin
30 June
2016
1 Dec
2013
Tem
pera
ture
°C
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Constraints to wheat production under climate change in Central Asia
WinterAutumn Spring
Drought
Wet
Heat
Dry
Wet
Dry
Mild
WetYellow
rustLeaf
rust
Dry
Yellow rust
Salinity
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Wheat stripe rust problem in Central Asia
Six stripe rust epidemics since 2009
2009, 2010, 2013, 2014, 2015, 2016
Kroshka2009, Uzbekistan
Krasnodar-992013, Tajikistan
Grom2016, Uzbekistan
30% yield reduction in Tajikistan and Uzbekistan due to yellow rust
Sharma et al. (2016), J. Phytopathology
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Wheat stripe rust problem in Central Asia
Cost of fungicide spray:1-3 sprays ( 70 to 210 USD/ha)Saving from 20% area200,000 ha = USD 14 – 42 million
2016 case: epidemic lasted for 3 months 1 to 3 fungicide spraysApprox. 500,000 ha sprayedFungicide cost, 2 sprays: $140/ha
USD 70 million
• Environmental cost• Human health cost
Wheat germplasm received in Central Asia:
1995 - 2011
Total
Kazakh
stan
Kyrgyzs
tan
Tajikis
tan
Turkmenist
an
Uzbekis
tan-5000
5000
15000
25000
35000
45000
55000
65000 Total Bread wheat Durum wheatN
umbe
r of a
cces
sion
s
New, improved wheat varieties, resistant to yellow rust
Shumon Shams
Climate Resilient Winter Wheat - Yaksart
Characters:1. Winter frost tolerance2. Medium Salinity tolerance3. Heat tolerance4. Moderately yellow rust
tolerance5. Moderately leaf rust tolerance6. Grain yield
9 t/ha under normal soil, irrigation6 t/ha on medium saline soil
7. Quality - superior
Climate Resilient Winter Wheat - Gozgon
Characters:1. Medium Salinity tolerance2. Highly resistant to yellow rust3. Grain yield
8 t/ha under normal soil, irrigation6 t/ha on medium saline soil
4. Quality - satisfactory
Remained yellow rust resistant in the past 6 disease epidemics in: 2009, 2010, 2013, 2014, 2015. 2016
Gozgon
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Elomon
• Suitable for fewer irrigation
Climate Resilient Winter Wheat - Yaksart
Characters:1. Suitable for fewer irrigation2. Medium Salinity tolerance3. Heat tolerance4. Moderately leaf rust tolerance5. Grain yield
9 t/ha under normal soil, irrigation6 t/ha on medium saline soil
6. Quality - satisfactory
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ICARDA – Research thrusts in the CAC region
Germplasm Enhancement
NRM
SEPR
Livestock and Feed
Seed production
PGR
Sustainable agriculture
Better livelihoods
Salinity problem to crop production
Khorezm, Uzbekistan
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New wheat varieties under farmers field demonstration Karakalpakstan, Uzbekistan
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Identifying salinity and frost tolerant wheat varieties for Aral Sea region
Khorezm Karakalpakstan
Entry name Origin
Grain yield (t/ha)1000-kernel weight
(g)
Test weig
ht (g/l)
Grain hardnes
s
Flour protein
(%)
Flour gluten
(%)
Days to
heading
Plant height (cm)
Agronomic
scoreChimbay 2014
Chimbay 2015
Urgench
2015
Krasnodar-99 (check) Russia 2.58 4.18 4.41 48.0 788 85 12.1 28.4 219 89 4
Amudarya IWWIP 4.20 5.58 5.66 50.2 806 86 13.0 26.4 220 90 4Aral IWWIP 2.99 6.30 5.68 50.5 792 81 11.7 28.6 218 90 5LSD0.05 1.53 0.86 0.97 5.6 3.4 3 4
Evaluation by farmers, Khorezm
Evaluation by farmers, Karakalpakstan
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Conclusion
• Wheat improvement efforts in Central Asia region are developing positively, and there are indications to expect future progress in wheat productivity in the Central Asia because wheat production is directly linked to food secuirty
Dashoguz, TurkmenistanSalinity Drought Heat Frost
2012
2013
Dashoguz Turkmenistan“Davletle”
2011: 120 Varieties evaluated
2012
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• Climate of Central Asia is highly variable with extreme events for winter wheat production in Central Asia
• Frequent occurrence of yellow rust disease epidemics poses serious threat to wheat production and food security in Central Asia
• Salinity, drought, and heat are permanent features challenging sustainable wheat productivity in Central Asia
• Climate resilient winter wheat varieties are increasingly becoming available through national, regional and international collaborations
Summary
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Acknowledgement
1. National Wheat Research Programs in Central Asia2. International Winter Wheat Program3. ICARDA4. CIMMYT5. Post-graduate students
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Acknowledgement to partnership
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Acknowledgement to Ph.D. scholarsSevindj Nurieva
Winter bread wheat PGR evaluation for salinity tolerance
50 accessionsAzerbaijan
Elchin Hajiyev
Winter bread wheat and durum PGR evaluation for salinity and tolerance
220 accessionsAzerbaijan
Akmal Meyliev
Yellow rust resistance in winter wheat
Uzbekistan
Shakhnoza Khazratkulova
Stability analysis of winter wheat yellow rust and quality traits
Uzbekistan
Diyor Juraev
Identifying heat tolerant winter wheat genotypes
Uzbekistan
Acknowledgement
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Thank you for your attention!