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CLIMATE OF JESSORE

MET SQN, BAF MTR

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PREFACE

Climate information is required in every arena of aviation, starting from aircraft

designing to planning of flying mission. This booklet is aimed to provide climate

information to all kind of users not only for aviation but for ground operation

also. Climate in a wider sense is the state, including a statistical description, of

the climate system. In a narrow sense it is defined as the average weather over

a period of time ranging from months to thousands or millions of years. The

classical period is 30 years, as defined by the World Meteorological

Organization (WMO).Climate encompasses the statistics of temperature

humidity, atmospheric pressure, wind, and precipitation of a region over long

periods. Since its establishment, Met Sqn, MTR started recording and

compiling daily, monthly and yearly climate data in order to develop a climate

data-base considering the significance. At present MTR Met Sqn has climate

data-base of last 33 years. Here for taking average 1987 to 2016; this 30years

period is considered. When we talk about climate the subject of climate

change comes automatically. Though WMO official climate normal period is

1961-1990, but as this Sqn does not have the climate data of that period 1984-

2013 this 30 years period is taken as baseline for calculating the climate

Normal’s. Considering the average of that period as Normal the temperature

and rainfall anomaly are shown at the last of this booklet. This booklet leans

heavily on the climate statistics with charts for better understanding. Started

with a summary of geographical details of Jessore the‘ Climate of Jessore

’provides in a nutshell the Normal’s of different Met element like temperature,

rainfall, wind and weather elements like fog, thunderstorm/Nor’wester etc.

Content of this booklet will give an idea of average weather pattern of Jessore

area. Any suggestions for the improvement of this booklet would be highly

appreciated.

M SHAMSUL ALAM Wing Commander OIC Met Sqn BAF Base Birsreshto Matiur Rahman

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ACKNOWLEDGEMENT

A comprehensive study was carried out by Wg Cdr M Nasir Uddin, Met during

2013 on climate of Jessore. This climate booklet is prepared in light of that

study. I sincerely acknowledge the hard work and effort given by him. I also

acknowledge the sincere support extended by all the members of this Sqn in

the preparation of this booklet. I would like to convey my special felicitations

to D Met (Gp Capt A B M Abdur Rab Chowdhury, psc) for his valuable

guidance and inspiration to shape the booklet into reality.

M SHAMSUL ALAM Wing Commander OIC Met Sqn BAF Base Birsreshto Matiur Rahman

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CONTENTS

S/N Fig/Table Description Page No

1 - Introduction 1

2 - Aim 1

3 - Data used 2

4 - Remarkable extreme weather 3

5 Figure- 1 Monthly mean maximum temperature 4

6 Figure- 2 Monthly highest maximum temperature 5

7 Figure- 3 Monthly mean minimum temperature 6

8 Figure- 4 Monthly lowest minimum temperature 7

9 Figure- 5 Monthly no of average rainy days 8

10 Figure- 6 Monthly total amount of average rainfall(mm) 9

11 Figure- 7 Yearly total amount of rainfall (mm) 10

12 Figure- 8 Monthly no of average thunderstorms days 11

13 Figure- 9 Monthly no of days having temperature ≥380C 12

14 Figure-10 Monthly no of days having temperature≤100C 13

15 Figure-11 Monthly average no of foggy days 14

16 Figure-12 Monthly average no of Nor’wester days 15

17 Figure-13 Monthly avg rainfall, mean max temp & min temp 16

18 Figure-14 Monthly no of days having FITS>40.9 17

19 Figure-15 Avg Temperature anomaly 18

20 Figure-16 Avg rainfall anomaly 19

21 Table-01 Monthly Maximum Wind Direction & Speed 20

22 Table-02 Monthly Maximum Wind Direction & Speed 21

23 Table-03 Month-wise total amount of rainfall 22

24 Table-04 Month-wise total amount of rainfall 23

25 Table-05 Monthly total numbers of rainy days 24

426 Table-06 Monthly total numbers of rainy days 25

57 - Inference 26

68 - Conclusion 28

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INTRODUCTION

1. Climate is commonly defined as the average pattern of weather elements (temperature,

humidity, atmospheric pressure, wind and precipitation) over a long period. The standard

averaging period is 30 years as defined by World Meteorological Organization (WMO), but other

periods may also be used depending on the purpose. Climate also includes statistics other than

average, such as the of day-to-day or year-to-year variations. The difference between climate

and weather is usefully summarized by the popular phrase "Climate is what you expect, weather

is what you get”. Climatology is nothing but the study of climate.

Fig-1: Map of Jessore

2. Jessore is located in the South-West part of Bangladesh. The Indian border, Benapole

is about 40 Km from Jessore. The latitude of Jessore airfield is 23° 11′ 1″ N, 89° 9′ 39″ E and

elevation is 20ft above mean sea level (AMSL).Met Sqn, BAF MTR, located beside Jessore

Airfield, is a Main Meteorological Office (MMO) of Bangladesh Meteorological Department

(BMD) for Jessore area. Met Sqn is responsible to Air Officer Commanding, BAF MTR for

Meteorological services at MTR airfield and 20 miles around. “Forecast for Safe Flying” is the

motto of Met Sqn, BAF MTR. Accurate and timely forecast is highly demanded from every corner

for planning and accomplishment of different tasks. BAF MTR generates the highest flying hours

than any other BAF Bases and Met Sqn plays a vital role in achieving that task. Met Sqn of BAF

MTR is well equipped to collect and retain all the met data for not only daily forecasting but also

long range forecast supported by valid climatological study. Hourly weather observations,

satellite and radar image interpretations, analysis of different charts, consultation of Numerical

Weather Prediction (NWP) model output etc are used forecast accurately on time. The

“Climate of Jessore” is the study of total 30 years data for obtaining average conditions of

different meteorological elements like temp, rainfall, wind and weather element like fog,

thunderstorms/Nor’wester, heat wave, cold wave, etc. The contents of this booklet will certainly

give a general idea about the weather pattern of Jessore and adjoining area for the users of BAF

for planning of flying as well as other occasions.

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AIM

The aim of the booklet is to provide climatological information of BAF MTR vis-a-vis.

DATA USED

3. MetSqn, BAF MTR is having a data bank of about 33 years.Here a total of 30 years

data (from 01 January 1987 to 31 December 2016) of major three Met elements:

temperature, wind, precipitation and weather phenomenon: fog and

Thunderstorms/Nor’wester have been taken into consideration. For temperature and

rainfall anomaly the average of 1984-2013 taken as Normal. Round the clock data of those

elements have been used in the following form:

a. Hourly air temperature or dry-bulb temperature (ºC)

b. Daily maximum temperature (ºC)

c. Daily minimum temperature (ºC)

d. Monthly maximum temperature (ºC)

e. Monthly minimum temperature (ºC)

f. Monthly no of rainy days

g. Monthly total amount of rainfall(mm)

h. Monthly no of thunderstorms days

j. Monthly no of Nor’wester days

k. Monthly no of days having temperature more than 38ºC

l. Monthly no of days having temperature less than10ºC

m. Monthly no of foggy days (visibility less than1000m)

n. Monthly maximum wind direction and speed (kts)

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4. Remarkable Extreme Weather. Recorded remarkable different extreme weather

elements over Dhaka within1987- 2016 are following:

Ser

No

Met Element

Value

Time of

Occurrence

a Maximum temperature 43.20C 09 May 09

b Minimum temperature 04.20C 09 Jan 13

c Monthly highest mean maximum

temperature 35.80C In April

d Monthly lowest mean minimum

temperature 10.80C In January

e Maximum amount of Rainfall in a day 265 mm 10 Aug 16

f Maximum amount of Rainfall in a month 856 mm Sep 04

g Maximum amount of Rainfall in a year 2477mm 2004

h Maximum no of rainy days in a month 28 days Jul 16

j Maximum no of rainy days in a year 146 days 2013

k Maximum no of thunderstorms in a

month 23 days Sep 97

l Maximum no of Nor’wester in a month 16 days May 91

m Maximum wind speed within 30 years 050/59kt 29 Nov 88

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MONTHLY MEAN MAXIMUM TEMPERATURE

Fig-2: Monthly Mean Maximum Temperature for the period of 1987-2016

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MONTHLY HIGHEST MAXIMUMTEMPERATURE

Fig-3: Monthly recorded highest maximum temperature for the period of 1987-2016

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MONTHLY MEAN MINIMUM TEMPERATURE

Fig-4: Monthly Mean Minimum Temperature for the period of 1987-2016

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MONTHLY LOWEST MINIMUM TEMPERATURE

Fig-5: Monthly recorded lowest minimum temperature for the period of 1987-2016

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MONTHLY AVERAGE NUMBER OF RAINY DAYS

Fig-6: Monthly Average Number of rainy days for the period of 1987-2016

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MONTHLY AVERAGE AMOUNT OF RAINFALL

Fig-7: Monthly Average amount of rainfall for the period of 1987-2016

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YEARLY TOTAL AMOUNT OF RAINFALL

Fig-8: Yearly total amount of rainfall for the period of 1984-2016

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MONTHLY AVERAGE NUMBER OF THUNDERSTORMS DAYS

Fig-9: Monthly Avg Number of thunderstorms days for the period of 1987-2016

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MONTHLY AVERAGE NUMBER OF DAYS HAVING TEMP ≥ 38ºC

Fig-10: Monthly average number of days having temp ≥ 38ºCfor the period of 1987-2016

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MONTHLYAVERAGENUMBEROFDAYSHAVINGTEMPERATURE≤ 10ºC

Fig-11: Monthly average number of days having temp ≤ 10ºC for the period of 1987-2016

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MONTHLYAVERAGENUMBEROFFOGGYDAYS

Fig-12: Monthly Average Number of Foggy days for the period of 1987-2016

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MONTHLYAVERAGENUMBEROFNOR’WESTER DAYS

Fig-13: Monthly Average Number of Nor’wester (Wind>22 kts) days for the period of 1987-2016

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MONTHLY AVERAGE RAINFALL, MEAN MAX & MEAN MIN TEMPERATURE

Fig-14: Monthly average rainfall, mean max temperature & mean min temperature for the period of 1987-2016

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MONTHLY NO OF DAYS HAVING FITS> 40.9 (DANGER LEVEL)

Fig-15: Monthly No of Days Having FITS>40.9 (Danger Level)

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TEMPERATURE ANOMALY

Fig-16: Yearly Average Temperature Anomaly for the Period of 1984-2016

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RAINFALL ANOMALY

Fig. 17: Yearly Average Rainfall Anomaly for the period of 1984-2016

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Monthly Max Wind: Monthly max wind for the period of 2002-2016 is shown in table 1.

Table 1: Monthly Max wind (2002-2016)

2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016

Max

Wind

Jan 220/09 360/12 350/19 090/12 340/11 350/16 340/13 230/10 020/16 340/11 110/18 180/10 360/12 350/08 040/08 360/20

Feb 320/22 360/35 200/12 300/30 210/13 030/24 060/26 350/16 290/26 340/18 350/23 040/12 280/18 230/40 220/12 360/35

Mar 300/24 360/35 250/30 220/50 230/18 030/22 270/40 010/31 360/37 280/35 310/26 230/18 200/18 240/34 330/36 220/50

Apr 010/35 360/38 330/40 270/35 350/40 250/38 290/30 190/22 010/35 280/35 250/45 350/40 030/20 240/48 350/50 350/52

May 360/40 240/43 330/44 040/30 350/30 360/35 350/48 080/48 350/45 350/40 230/30 280/45 210/30 360/48 320/40 350/48

Jun 340/40 360/39 050/32 230/28 220/18 020/28 190/30 270/22 35040 140/32 330/55 130/38 340/30 160/26 350/28 330/55

Jul 330/50 100/30 220/23 280/23 110/21 160/19 270/22 130/20 100/18 180/27 160/26 200/20 130/20 240/22 180/26 330/50

Aug 090/20 100/21 100/20 100/20 030/30 150/19 200/21 140/18 090/18 170/18 270/22 240/20 110/22 190/18 250/40 250/40

Sep 130/20 130/18 170/28 170/21 270/26 120/22 080/20 150/30 150/18 090/22 120/26 190/20 050/23 130/18 240/18 190/30

Oct 360/20 190/21 150/20 120/20 120/17 240/18 020/30 180/10 150/26 110/16 030/16 110/20 340/16 090/20 180/12 020/35

Nov 090/25 350/07 360/10 360/11 030/08 030/35 010/09 040/06 350/16 260/10 360/10 350/10 310/08 020/06 020/08 050/59

Dec 360/10 350/09 360/10 360/10 360/07 350/07 030/07 340/10 350/10 080/10 360/08 190/12 360/06 020/08 020/16 080/27

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Monthly Max Wind: Monthly max wind for the period of 1987-2001 is shown in table 2.

1987 1988 1989 1990 1991 1992 1993 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001

Jan 020/13 020/12 360/12 200/16 360/13 340/18 180/12 360/20 030/17 360/12 270/11 350/10 350/08 090/18 280/11

Feb 310/20 250/18 230/22 360/21 360/33 350/28 130/21 020/20 230/18 310/30 340/17 340/20 360/20 010/21 280/30

Mar 230/33 310/42 310/28 200/44 020/37 280/20 250/34 200/31 270/27 320/20 270/36 270/28 220/18 290/25 260/37

Apr 180/33 270/36 220/30 030/40 340/36 230/35 340/41 360/52 290/30 320/32 230/39 360/46 060/36 290/45 270/42

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Table 2: Monthly Max wind (1987-2001)

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Monthly Number of rainy Days: Monthly Rainy-days for the period of 2002-2016 is shown on table 3.

May 360/41 200/34 160/33 020/42 350/44 240/33 340/40 360/42 130/24 320/37 330/36 360/33 190/36 260/42 350/40

Jun 180/21 - 040/33 050/32 350/30 160/20 350/25 360/32 030/40 190/30 330/32 330/25 100/25 120/23 240/32

Jul 230/22 160/27 230/25 110/24 270/26 180/30 310/25 150/20 130/21 180/21 240/21 140/21 250/20 190/19 090/22

Aug 020/32 050/24 150/22 090/29 130/33 100/24 190/20 110/27 090/20 030/18 120/30 180/13 080/21 190/28 240/32

Sep 200/22 230/27 120/23 180/24 210/24 180/22 200/24 040/25 140/24 360/20 350/20 240/24 120/25 190/30 090/29

Oct 070/19 160/22 120/23 080/20 110/20 050/18 190/20 180/19 130/24 060/23 270/09 160/21 130/20 020/35 140/26

Nov 050/13 050/59 360/10 310/28 110/10 010/10 180/12 050/12 090/21 130/23 030/12 310/27 160/18 360/08 090/12

Dec 180/18 360/11 050/14 080/27 020/18 320/08 020/08 360/09 330/20 330/09 340/13 360/07 030/09 010/08 360/08

2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 AVG

Jan 4 0 1 3 0 0 4 0 0 0 5 1 0 0 1 2

Feb 0 2 0 2 0 6 3 1 4 0 1 2 2 3 3 2

Mar 4 9 5 6 1 4 8 2 1 7 1 4 2 3 3 4

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Table 3: Monthly number of rainy days (2002-2016)

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Monthly Number of Rainy Days: Monthly Rainy-days for the period of 1987-2001 is shown on Table 4.

Apr 9 6 6 3 6 6 6 0 4 5 9 10 0 8 1 5

May 13 9 9 6 13 11 16 11 11 10 6 21 8 12 15 11

Jun 20 22 18 14 15 19 21 10 15 18 15 18 13 14 17 17

Jul 20 21 22 25 25 25 27 22 18 17 23 25 24 19 28 22

Aug 22 19 24 12 27 20 22 24 16 20 18 26 18 18 21 20

Sep 22 21 15 18 19 22 20 12 16 19 16 19 14 12 19 16

Oct 3 17 9 15 4 9 10 17 8 2 8 19 6 8 9 9

Nov 2 0 0 1 4 4 0 1 3 1 5 0 0 0 5 2

Dec 0 4 0 0 0 0 0 1 3 0 1 1 0 1 0 1

1987 1988 1989 1990 1991 1992 1993 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001

Jan 1 0 0 0 3 3 0 3 4 3 2 9 0 2 0

Feb 0 1 2 6 3 6 2 3 3 4 3 3 0 6 2

Mar 7 8 2 10 2 0 4 1 1 2 4 9 0 2 6

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Table 4: Monthly Number of Rainy days (2002-2016)

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Monthly Average Rainfall: Monthly average amount of rainfall for the period of 2002-2016 is shown on Table 5.

Apr 10 4 3 9 6 2 6 5 2 5 8 7 4 6 7

May 6 14 9 15 7 12 16 8 7 7 10 10 12 14 15

Jun 11 18 15 18 20 16 15 21 17 18 21 13 18 22 25

Jul 24 23 18 21 20 18 19 21 23 15 24 22 19 25 26

Aug 17 20 16 14 22 18 24 23 20 20 24 19 18 21 17

Sep 13 9 7 22 15 14 22 12 14 12 18 14 16 14 13

Oct 4 5 9 7 10 5 11 5 7 6 1 13 15 14 11

Nov 3 4 0 4 0 1 1 2 6 1 3 5 1 0 2

Dec 1 0 2 1 3 0 0 0 1 0 3 0 0 0 0

2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 AVG

Jan 18 0 3 32 0 0 70 0 0 0 31 6 0 0 3 11

Feb 0 13 0 15 0 83 38 7 22 0 4 15 19 93 20 23

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Table 5: Monthly Average Rainfall (2002-2016)

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Monthly Average Rainfall: Monthly average amount of rainfall for the period of 1987-2001 is shown on table 6.

Mar 22 119 10 129 1 21 38 34 11 34 5 8 10 25 94 44

Apr 134 55 72 33 52 62 38 0 50 35 92 63 0 139 26 64

May 267 66 176 57 302 159 213 198 274 145 26 301 216 125 266 180

Jun 539 457 303 181 231 351 268 240 297 360 253 212 347 397 274 322

Jul 519 419 398 468 479 738 415 279 168 250 304 211 335 636 399 353

Aug 258 142 400 113 318 274 200 391 211 303 185 309 254 276 683 275

Sep 224 145 856 159 366 261 415 417 186 227 271 328 123 192 93 254

Oct 32 466 259 411 7 142 199 94 116 18 71 215 38 44 66 133

Nov 112 0 0 2 4 100 0 1 4 1 61 0 0 0 46 28

Dec 0 35 0 0 0 0 0 1 32 0 2 0 0 3 0 11

1987 1988 1989 1990 1991 1992 1993 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001

Jan 1 0 0 0 24 38 0 12 17 21 15 44 0 2 0

Feb 0 27 3 5 24 66 33 29 25 20 33 26 0 19 38

Mar 58 93 2 189 33 0 115 1 18 22 51 141 0 7 37

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Table 6: Monthly Average Rainfall (1987-2001)

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Apr 165 148 41 19 54 20 147 51 5 90 70 130 31 71 39

May 52 298 273 163 87 204 142 175 88 146 110 222 141 172 347

Jun 327 518 202 342 408 303 294 371 196 350 232 158 262 500 475

Jul 389 257 282 392 220 317 335 220 281 289 393 184 448 283 277

Aug 714 312 120 106 335 147 210 255 286 362 240 209 251 276 109

Sep 193 117 161 202 216 203 333 89 270 195 348 168 301 413 141

Oct 136 87 234 94 145 36 103 64 95 257 12 88 151 145 165

Nov 14 100 0 126 0 3 4 2 113 5 15 118 1 0 14

Dec 10 0 7 10 76 0 0 0 3 0 19 0 0 0 0

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INFERENCE

5. Last 30years (1981-2016) various meteorological and weather elements are

analyzed and discussed in the following paragraphs:

a. Monthly Mean Maximum Temperature. TheFig-2

revealsthatthemonthAprilishavingmeanmaxtemp35.9°c, March and May is having mean

max temp33°c- 35°c,June to October is having mean max temp 32°c-34°c and other

months mean max temp is below 30°c.Therefore,the month April is the hottest month of

the year and the next hottest months are the March and May. The max temp in the

month of January is the lowest.

b. Monthly Highest Maximum Temperature. Monthly highest max temp was

observed in the month of May (43.2ºc); recorded on 09 May 09 (Fig-3).

c. Monthly Mean Minimum Temperature. It is revealed from the graph (Fig-4) that

the month May to September is having mean minimumtempwithin25°c-26°c, the month

April & October is having the mean min temp 23ºc. The temp starts falling sharply from

November till January and January is having mean minimum temp 10.9°c.Therefore,

January is the coldest month of the year. The temp starts rising from February and June.

d. Monthly Lowest Minimum Temperature. It is obtained from this graph (Fig-

5) that the lowest minimum temp within last 30 years was recorded in the month of January

(4.20Con 09 Jan 13).

e. Monthly No of Mean Rainy Days. The rainfall may occur in every month of

the year, however the maximum average rainy days observed in July & August which

are 22 & 20days respectively (Fig-6).

f. Monthly Average Rainfall (mm). The graph (Fig-7) shows that the

maximum amount of rainfall occur in June & July, 337mm & 336mm respectively. In

August, average rain fall amount (258mm), in September (275mm).The amount of rain

fall decreases sharply from October (139mm).

. g. Yearly Total Amount of Rainfall. The variability of total rain fall amount

in year to year is not much high except in very few years. The highest amount of

rainfall was found 2477mm in 2004 and the lowest amount of rain was found 1269

mm in 1994. The yearly average amount of rainfall is 1694 mm (Fig-8).

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h. Monthly Average No of TS Days. Thunderstorms occur from February

to October and maximum no of Thunderstorms occurred in September (17 days)

before withdrawal of Monsoon. The average No of Thunderstorms occurs 02 days in

February, 04 days in March, 08 days in April, 13 days in May, 15 days in Jun, 14

days in Jul, 13 days in August, 09 days in October. Most thunderstorms occur during

Monsoon season (Fig-9).

j. Monthly Average No of Days Having Temperature ≥38ºC. This graph

(Fig-10) shows that the days are 0.8 in March, 5.9 in April, 5.1 in May, and 1.7 in

June. April is the hottest month of the year and second hottest is May

k. Monthly Average No of Days Having Temperature ≤10°c. This graph

(Fig-11) shows that the days having temp ≤10°c are more in January. The average no

of days are 4.6 days in December, 12.7 in January and 1.7 days in February.

January is the coldest month of the year.

l. Monthly Average No of Foggy Days. The study of this graph (Fig-12)

reveals that fog starts in September; no of days increases gradually till January and

no of days decreases gradually from February to May. Maximum no of foggy days

are observed in January; it is average 22days.

m. Monthly Average No of Nor’westers. The frequency of Nor’wester

increases gradually with the progress of month from February to May. The average no

of Nor’wester occurs 0.7 in February, 2.1in March, 4.9 in April, 7.9 in May and June 3.3.

The occurrences of Nor’wester continue till onset of Monsoon; i.e.1st week of June (Fig-

13).

n. Monthly No of days having FITS> 40.9 FITS is calculated for both

cloudy and clear sky condition. Full form of FITS is Fighter Index Thermal Stress. It is

derived from the calculation of dry bulb and wet bulb temperature. The calculation

used for deriving FITS is as below:

(1) Sunny Condition: Wet bulb Temp x 0.8281 + 0.3549 x Dry bulb temp + 5.08. (2) Overcast Condition: Wet bulb Temp x 0.8281 + 0.3549 x Dry bulb temp + 2.23.

From the Figure 14 it is evident that, FITS is maximum in the month of April, which is the hottest month of the year. In the hot season it frequently crosses the danger level (40.9). Remain normal in Monsoon season again crosses danger level for few days in the month of September and October (Fig-15)

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CLIMATE CHANGE

6. Climate varies naturally from year to year, that’s why climatologists used standard 30-years average of temperatures, precipitation and other variables like heatwave or storm into historical context. These 30-years historical averages are called “Climate Normal” and can be calculated at the local, national or global levels. Presently WMO official climate normal period is 1961-1990. The averages of this period are called WMO Climatological Standard Normal. However as Met Sqn MTR does not possess the data of that period, the average of available 1984-2013 years is considered as baseline and yearly temperature and rainfall normal found as 26.7ºC and ……

a. Temperature Anomaly. Yearly average temperature of the years 1984-2013 is 26.27ºC. Fig-16 shows the temperature anomaly of last 33 years. After 2001 temperature was more than average except 2011 and 2013. Trend line also shows rising of temperature after 1999. b. Rainfall Anomaly. Yearly average Rainfall of the years 1984-2013 is 1704mm. Fig-17 shows the rainfall anomaly of last 33 years. Trend line shows decreasing trend of rainfall amount in recent years. Though the trend changing is very minor but cannot be ignored in context of present climate change scenario.

CONCLUSION

6. Weather forecasting has enormous importance in all areas of military operations as

well as in normal day to day activities. The accuracy of weather forecast of a particular

area depends largely upon the knowledge of the forecaster about the geography,

prevailing weather conditions and the climatology of that area. For providing reliable

climatology of different weather elements, 30 years climate data have been analyzed for

obtaining average conditions of different meteorological elements like temp, rainfall wind

and weather element like fog, thunderstorms/Nor’wester, rainy days etc. These

meteorological and weather elements are indispensable for planning of flying effort, air

operations, ground operations, ceremonial planning etc and their executions throughout the

year. Other than climate, extreme conditions of different elements found within last 30

years have also been shown in the table. The study of climate change (temperature and

rainfall anomaly) shows that the average temperature is increasing gradually which may

affect other weather elements, like Thunderstorms/Nor’wester, Tropical cyclone, Rain etc.

The decreasing trend of rainfall in recent years though very little but not negligible in

broader aspect of climate change.

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