Climate refers to the sum total of weather condition and variation over a large area

for a long period of time.Weather refers to the state of the

atmosphere over an area at any point of time.the elements of weather and climate are the same,temperature,atmospheric

pressure ,wind ,humidity and precipitation.The climate of india is described as the

monsoon.

FACTORS AFFECTING INDIAN CLIMATEFACTORS AFFECTING INDIAN CLIMATE

RELATED TO LOCATION & RELIEF

RELATED TO AIR PRESSURE & WIND

•Latitude•Latitude

•The Himalayan Mt.•The Himalayan Mt.

•Distribution of Land & water•Distribution of Land & water

•Distance from Sea•Distance from Sea

•Altitude•Altitude

•Relief•Relief

Surface pressure & windSurface pressure & wind

Upper air circulationUpper air circulation

Western cyclonesWestern cyclones

Climatic Controls

• There are six major controls of the climate of any places .

• They are : latitude, altitude pressure and wind system, distance form the sea, ocean currents and relief features .

550C temperature in June

Tawang 190C in June

Drass -450C in December night

Tiruvanantapuram & Chennai 200C in December night

Kerala Diurnal range of

temperature 80C

Thar desert Diurnal range of temperature 300C

Cherrapunji & Mawsynram have

1080cm rain

MONSOON REGIME IS THE UNITY OF INDIAMONSOON REGIME IS THE UNITY OF INDIA

Jaisalmer receives 9cm

rainfall

TIBET

JET STREAM IN WINTERJET STREAM IN WINTER

15th O

ctobe

r

7th O

ctobe

r30th S

ept.

15th S

ept.

7th S

ept.

WITHDRAWAL OF MONSOONWITHDRAWAL OF MONSOON

RHYTHM OF SEASONSRHYTHM OF SEASONS

COLD WEATHERCOLD WEATHER

RETREATING MONSOONRETREATING MONSOONHOT WEATHERHOT WEATHER

ADVANCEING MONSOONADVANCEING MONSOON

HOT WEATHER SEASONHOT WEATHER SEASON

► It extends from March to May.

► Vertical sun rays shift towards Northern hemisphere.

► Temperature rises gradually from south to north.

► Highest Temperature experiences in Karnataka in March, Madhya Pradesh in April and Rajastan in May.

► It extends from March to May.

► Vertical sun rays shift towards Northern hemisphere.

► Temperature rises gradually from south to north.

► Highest Temperature experiences in Karnataka in March, Madhya Pradesh in April and Rajastan in May.

March 300CMarch 300C

April 380CApril 380C

May 480CMay 480C

► It extends from October to November

► Vertical sun rays start shifting towards Northern hemisphere.

► Low pressure region shift from northern parts of India towards south.

► Owing to the conditions of high temperature and humidity, the weather becomes rather oppressive. This is commonly known as the ‘October heat’

► It extends from October to November

► Vertical sun rays start shifting towards Northern hemisphere.

► Low pressure region shift from northern parts of India towards south.

► Owing to the conditions of high temperature and humidity, the weather becomes rather oppressive. This is commonly known as the ‘October heat’

RETREATING MONSOON SEASONRETREATING MONSOON SEASON

LOW PRESSURE

Rhythm of SeasonsRhythm of Seasons

• Parts of western coast and northeastern India receive over about 400cm in of rainfall anually.It is less than 60cm in western Rajasthan and adjoining parts of Gujarat ,Haryana and Punjab.While area of high rainfalls are effected by floods area of low rainfall are drought-prone.

DISTRIBUTION OF RAINFALLDISTRIBUTION OF RAINFALL

> 200cm

100-200cm

50-100 cm

< 50cm

► The variability of rainfall is computed with the help of the following formula: C.V.= Standard Deviation/ Mean * 100

► Variability of less than 25% exist in Western coasts, Western Ghats, northeastern peninsula, eastern plain of the Ganga, northern India, Uttaranchal, SW J & K & HP.

► Variability of more then 50% found in Western Rajastan, J & K and interior parts of Deccan.

► Region with high rainfall has less variability.

► The variability of rainfall is computed with the help of the following formula: C.V.= Standard Deviation/ Mean * 100

► Variability of less than 25% exist in Western coasts, Western Ghats, northeastern peninsula, eastern plain of the Ganga, northern India, Uttaranchal, SW J & K & HP.

► Variability of more then 50% found in Western Rajastan, J & K and interior parts of Deccan.

► Region with high rainfall has less variability.

VARIABILITY OF RAINFALLVARIABILITY OF RAINFALL