CLIMATE CONNECTIONS TO MARINE ECOSYSTEMS ......Climate and the marine biosphere SeaWIFS...
Transcript of CLIMATE CONNECTIONS TO MARINE ECOSYSTEMS ......Climate and the marine biosphere SeaWIFS...
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Dr. Patricia Yager�UGA Marine Sciences
CLIMATE CONNECTIONS TO MARINE ECOSYSTEMS - FROM THE AMAZON TO THE POLES
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Aris Multimedia Entertainment, Inc. 1994
Climate and the marine biosphere
SeaWIFS
• Temperature • Light availabilty • Nutrients • pH
Aris Multimedia Entertainment, Inc. 1994
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Aris Multimedia Entertainment, Inc. 1994
Climate and the marine biosphere
SeaWIFS
• Temperature • Light availabilty • Nutrients • pH
Climate-active gases ( CH4, N20, DMS, CO2 )
Ocean color effects on albedo
Aris Multimedia Entertainment, Inc. 1994
Climate-active gases( CH4, N20, DMS, CO2 )
Ocean color effects on albedo Ecosystem changes
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See: Garay&Yager Pumping Carbon activity http://www.polartrec.com/resources/activity/pumping-carbon
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Barrow, Alaska (71°17’N, 156°47’W)
Amundsen Sea Polynya (72-74°S, 111-115°W)
Amazon River Continuum (0-12°N, 45-59°W)
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Why is the Amazon plume taking up so much CO2 from the atmosphere?
Is this sink climate sensitive?
NA
SA
NASA SeaWIFS
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Why is the Amundsen Sea polynya taking up so much CO2 from the atmosphere?
Is this sink climate sensitive?
D. Munroe
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How will the loss of sea ice and other climate
changes affect the coastal Arctic carbon cycle and food web?
W. Kimmerer
NSIDC
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Microbial control on the productivity of Barrow's coastal waters - �Will the battle for nitrogen intensify under climate change?
Patricia Yager Debbie Bronk Marc Frischer University of Georgia Virginia Inst. Mar Sci Skidaway Inst. Oceanogr.
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Arctic Marine Food Web
http://www.arcodiv.org/
priweb.org
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Sept 2011
EPA/NASA
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How will the loss of sea ice affect the food web?
Hypothesis:
Reduced benthic?
Increased pelagic?
Nutrients required! W. Kimmerer
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2006 2007
PP 07 - 06
Length of Growing season 07 - 06
Arr
igo
et a
l. 20
08
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Nutrients come from the Bering Sea
or from upwelling near the shelf break
[Courtesy Tom Weingartner]
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Yager et al. 2001
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Arctic Marine Food Web
http://www.arcodiv.org/
?
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Nybakken
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Food Web
Detritus (POM + DOM)
Decomposers (bacteria etc)
Nutrients, CO2
Microbial food web
Don’t forget to recycle!
Nybakken
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Adds to the classical herbivorous food web
Bacteria in food webs
Decomposers
Prey for protozoans
Infected by viruses
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E. coli
Aren’t bacteria bad?
faculty.mc3.edu/ jearl/ML/ml-7.htm
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Smallest marine organisms: 0.5 μm in diameter (although largest marine bacterium is 750 μm)
Three lifestyles: planktonic, attached, symbiotic
2 million per drop (milliliter) of coastal seawater
Decomposers
Significant metabolic diversity
Low morphological diversity
No – most are needed for healthy ecosystems…
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Focus on bacteria as
heterotrophs or “decomposers”
But also perhaps nutrient
consumers????
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Marine life responds to physical change
Late ice retreat Early bloom Benthic production
Early ice retreat Late bloom Pelagic production
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NO3
Phyto Bacteria DOM Light
Standard “model”
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NO3
Phyto Bacteria DOM Light
Riverine DOM
Future scenario?
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NO3
Phyto Bacteria DOM Dark Winter ?
Riverine DOM
Future scenario?
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Hypothesis: Climate change will enhance the competition for N in the coastal Arctic as it reduces sea ice and increases terrestrial organic inputs, without affecting the annual light cycle.
These changes will reduce the flux of C to the benthos, and the efficiency of the biological pump.
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Small Phyto-
Large Phytoplankton
Micro Zoo-
Meso Zoo-
Higher Trophic
Sinking Particles Nutrients Bacteria
MMMMMMMMeeessssssssssssssssssssssssssssssssssssssssssssssoooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZoooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooo----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Seals Whales Birds Squid Fish
Humans
Courtesy T. Connelly
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Small Phytoplankton
Large Phyto-
Micro Zooplankton
Meso Zoo-
Fish Birds
Sinking Particles Nutrients
Bacteria