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Climate Change

Pakistan

Climate Change

Pakistan

Climate Change in Pakistan

Situation and key recommendations

Shesh Kanta Kafle

Disaster Management Coordinator

30 September 2015

www.ifrc.org

Saving lives, changing minds.

Climate Change

Pakistan

Contents

Pakistan- key climate change features

Impact of climate change on Pakistan

National Climate Change Policy of

Pakistan

Possible PRC interventions

References and further reading

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Climate Change

Pakistan

Global Climate Risk Index (2014): Haiti,

Philippines and Pakistan

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Climate Change

Pakistan Increase in mean temperature

Average annual temperature over the last century

increased in Northern part 0.8

C; and Western part 0.6 C.

Projected temperatures increase by 2060s 1.4 to 3.7 C.

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Climate Change

Pakistan Precipitation (1960-2010)

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Climate Change

Pakistan

Heatwave development over Pakistan

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Climate Change

Pakistan Sea level rise in Pakistan

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Climate Change

Pakistan Consequences of climate change

Melting ice and rising sea level

Extreme weather, shifting rainfall

Risks for human health

Costs for society and economy

Risks for wildlife/natural resources

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Climate Change

Pakistan

THREATS by Changing Climate

Climate Change in Pakistan

- Seasonal Shifts

- Glaciers Melting

- Sea Level Rise

- Drought

- Extreme Weather Events Frequency/Intensity of Heat/Cold Waves

Torrential Rains/Landslides

Tropical Cyclones

Societal Impacts

Agriculture

Energy

Water

Health

Climate Change, caused by Natural and Human Activities, is now

widely recognized as the major environmental problem facing the

Planet Earth

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Climate Change

Pakistan Key features

Third country most affected by climate change as

per Global Climate Risk Index

More rains in summer, and less rains in winter.

Productivity of wheat and other winter crops is

decreasing.

Agriculture contributes 21% to the total GDP.

Pakistan is an agrarian country, where 62% people

depends on agriculture for their living.

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Climate Change

Pakistan Key features

Increased health risk and CC-induced migration

Increased in disasters such as floods, heatwave,

siltation, GLOF.

Loss in biodiversity

Only 5.2% land area is covered

by forest (in 2010);

it should be minimum of 20-30%. Deforestation is at

the rate of 2.1% per year (47,000 ha).

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Climate Change

Pakistan

History of Climate related Disasters in

Pakistan

Pakistan Floods (1950, 1956, 1957, 1973, 1976, 1978, 1988, 1992, 1995,

2001, 2003, 2004, 2005, 2007, 2010, 2011 and 2012) (Aziz and Tanaka,

2011); Pakistan Floods 2010: (Around 2000 people died and over 20 million

affected)

2007 Cyclone Yemyin July 2007: At least 730 people died, some 350,000

people were displaced, 1.5 million affected and more than two million

livestock perished. Tropical cyclone Gonu (2007), Phet 2010, also proved

devastating in the recent past history of Pakistan

1998-2002 series of Droughts: At least 1.2 million people in Baluchistan

were affected by drought, and over hundreds of people died, mostly because

of dehydration, Millions of animals perished.

Heat Waves 1978, 1990, 1995, 1996, 2007, 2010, 2013,

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Climate Change

Pakistan

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Climate Change

Pakistan Climate change policy (GoP, 2012)

• To pursue sustained economic growth by appropriately addressing the

challenges of climate change;

• To integrate climate change policy with other inter-related national

policies;

• To focus on pro-poor gender sensitive adaptation while also promoting

mitigation to the extent possible in a cost-effective manner;

• To ensure water security, food security and energy security of the

country in the face of the challenges posed by climate change;

• To minimize the risks arising from the expected increase in frequency

and intensity of extreme weather events such as floods, droughts and

tropical storms;

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Climate Change

Pakistan Climate change policy (GoP, 2012)

• To strengthen inter-ministerial decision making and coordination

mechanisms on climate change;

• To facilitate effective use of the opportunities, particularly financial,

available both nationally and internationally;

• To foster the development of appropriate economic incentives to

encourage public and private sector investment in adaptation

measures;

• To enhance the awareness, skill and institutional capacity of

relevant stakeholders;

• To promote conservation of natural resources and long term

sustainability.

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Climate Change

Pakistan

RCRC Initiatives (Maldives, Indonesia, Sri

Lanka, Myanmar, Bangladesh)

• Development of DRR and CCA strategy of Maldivian Red Crescent Society

(MRCS)

• Development of tools and guidelines in integrating CCA into CBDRR

• Training to RCRC staff and volunteers on assessing impact of climate

change and adaptation mechanisms

• Assessing climate change at community levels- current and future climate

risks

• Education and awareness raising at community levels

• Networking and linkage development with external partners

• Integration of climate change into existing curricula, plans and policies

• Cyclone Preparedness Plan (Cyclone EWS, Bangladesh RC)

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Climate Change

Pakistan Possible PRC interventions

Development of PRC climate change policy, strategy, framework

and guidelines

Integrate climate change adaptation and mitigation into existing

programming;

Capacity building of staff and volunteers; Development of course

curricula on climate change adaptation and mitigation, impact

assessment, etc.

Community level climate change interventions through: EWS,

Schools, Plantation, awareness raising campaigns

Conduct studies on impact and mitigation of climate change in

health, disasters (floods, cyclones, GLOF, etc.) through

collaboration with research institutions and universities.

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Climate Change

Pakistan PRCS CCA policy,

strategy, guidelines, framework

Policy sphere

Coordination with National

and international

CCA stake holders

Capacity building of staff and

volunteers

Capacity building

sphere

Development tools for CC assessment, mitigation,

awareness & EW

Implement EWS,

Awareness, Plantation

etc

Community intervention sphere

Document case

studies & success stories

Po

ssib

le P

RC

Clim

ate

Ch

ange

In

terv

en

tio

ns

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Saving lives, changing minds.

Climate Change

Pakistan Proposed interventions

Develop linkages with Govt or in country organizations working on CCA

Build staff and volunteer capacities in climate change adaptation and

mitigation.

Carry out climate change impact assessment in collaboration with research

institutions, academia and other humanitarian organisations including the

IFRC Climate Change Centre based in Hague, the Netherlands.

Launch awareness raising campaigns to enhance adaptive capacity of

communities and stakeholders throughout the country especially in the most

vulnerable districts.

Initiate tree plantation campaigns throughout the country (initially in a pilot

basis in the coastal area, and the areas where climate change will hit hard).

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Climate Change

Pakistan

Climate and Disaster Early Warning and

Awareness raising campaigns

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Saving lives, changing minds.

Climate Change

Pakistan References and further reading

Framework for Implementation of Climate Change Policy, Government of Pakistan, Climate

change Division, November 2013.

M. McSweeny, M. New, G. Lizcano. UNDP Climate Change Country Profile-Pakistan.

http://country-profiles.geog.ox.ac.uk

PMD 2012. Climate change in Pakistan: Focused on Sindh Province. Technical report PMD

25/2012.

Sakoor, U and et all. 2013. Impact of Climate Change on Agriculture: Empirical Evidence

from Arid Zone. In: Pak. J. of Agri. Sci. Vol. 48(4)

Qamar-Uz-Zaman, et al. 2009. Climate Change Indicators of Pakistan. PMD.22/2009.

Kafle, SK 2012. Emergency Communications and Early Warning Systems Development:

Lessons Learned from Aceh and Nias, Indonesia. In: Disaster Risk Reduction: Case

Studies from Asia. Shesh KantaKafle. Kathmandu, Nepal.

Shrestha, MS, Kafle, SK, Gurung MB, Nibomupudi, HK, Khadgi, VR, Rajkarnikar, G 2014.

Flood Early Warning Systems in Nepal: A Gendered Perspective. ICIMOD. Working paper

2014/4, Kathmandu, Nepal.

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Saving lives, changing minds.

Climate Change

Pakistan References and further reading

EU. Climate change consequences.

http://ec.europa.eu/clima/change/consequences/index_en.htm

GoP 2012. National Climate Change Policy of Pakistan.

Ghulam Rasul, Trends of Disaster in Future Projected Climate, A PPT presentation)

Mumtaz, Muhammad 2015. Impacts of Climate Change on Pakistan. The Frontier Post.

13 June 2015. http://www.thefrontierpost.com/article/310028/impacts-of-climate-change-

on-pakistan/

PRCS DM policy 2008. Pakistan.

PRCS 2008. DM strategy, Pakistan.

NFRAS 2005. Natural Resources Assessment Survey 2005.

"Pakistan crafts plan to cut carbon emissions 30% by 2025". The Express Tribune. 10

June 2015. Retrieved 10 June 2015.

FOR FURTHER INFORMATION ON XXXXXXXXX

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IFRC PAKISTAN

SHESH.KAFLE

TEL. : +92 305554515

EMAIL: shesh.kafle@ifrc.org; shesh.kafle@gmail.com

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