CLIMATE CHANGE AND RESPONSE IN VIETNAM: Update on Policy, Strategy and Program CLIMATE CHANGE AND...

CLIMATE CHANGE

AND RESPONSE IN VIETNAM: Update on Policy, Strategy and Program

CLIMATE CHANGE

AND RESPONSE IN VIETNAM: Update on Policy, Strategy and Program

The 2nd Asia Forum on Carbon Update 2012

Trương Quang HọcVACNE, CRES - Vietnam Natonal University, Hanoi

OUTLINESOUTLINES

1. overview of climate change in Vietnam

2. International CC conventions participation

3. National activities in response to CC

- Achievements

- Challengies and recommendations

Viet Nam is one of the most vulnerable countries to the global climate change

CC impacts

DIEN BIEN

20.5

21.0

21.5

22.0

22.5

23.0

23.5

1959 1964 1969 1974 1979 1984 1989 1994 1999

LANG SON

20.5

21.0

21.5

22.0

22.5

1956 1961 1966 1971 1976 1981 1986 1991 1996Năm

HA NOI

22.5

23.0

23.5

24.0

24.5

25.0

25.5

1927 1935 1943 1951 1959 1967 1975 1983 1991 1999Năm

TUONG DUONG

23.0

23.5

24.0

24.5

25.0

1962 1967 1972 1977 1982 1987 1992 1997Năm

HUE

24.5

25.0

25.5

26.0

26.5

1948 1954 1960 1966 1972 1978 1984 1990 1996Năm

NHA TRANG

26.0

26.5

27.0

27.5

1953 1958 1963 1968 1973 1978 1983 1988 1993 1998

BUON MA THUOT

22.5

23.0

23.5

24.0

24.5

25.0

1954 1959 1964 1969 1974 1979 1984 1989 1994 1999Năm

PHAN THIET

26.0

26.5

27.0

27.5

28.0

1957 1962 1967 1972 1977 1982 1987 1992 1997

RACH GIA

26.5

27.0

27.5

28.0

28.5

1957 1962 1967 1972 1977 1982 1987 1992 1997

Năm

PHU LIEN

22.5

23.0

23.5

24.0

24.5

1958 1963 1968 1973 1978 1983 1988 1993 1998

Năm

SA PA

14.0

14.5

15.0

15.5

16.0

16.5

17.0

1958 1963 1968 1973 1978 1983 1988 1993 1998Năm

BAC QUANG

21.5

22.0

22.5

23.0

23.5

24.0

24.5

1962 1966 1970 1974 1978 1982 1986 1990 1994 1998

Năm

over the past 50 years annual average

temperature has increased

about

0.7oC.

over the past 50 years annual average

temperature has increased

about

0.7oC.

(IMHEN 2008)

temperature

Over the past 50 years, sea level rose about 20 cmOver the past 50 years, sea level rose about 20 cm

-30.0

-20.0

-10.0

0.0

10.0

20.0

30.0

40.0

50.0

60.0

1960 1965 1970 1975 1980 1985 1990 1995 2000 2005

DH

(cm

)

Thời gian (năm)

DHmax DHmean DHmin Linear (DHmax) Linear (DHmean) Linear (DHmin)

Sea level rise

(IMHEN, 2009)

Intensity and abnormality of natural disasters (floods, storms surges, sea level rise, extreme events, drought) increased

Changes in Annual Mean Temperature (oC) Relative to 1980-1999, Medium Scenario (B2)

Changes in Annual Mean Temperature (oC) Relative to 1980-1999, Medium Scenario (B2)

Climatic Region

Decades in the 21 Century

2020 2030 2040 2050 2060 2070 2080 2090 2100

North West 0.5 0.7 1.0 1.3 1.6 1.9 2.1 2.4 2.6North East 0.5 0.7 1.0 1.2 1.6 1.8 2.1 2.3 2.5North Delta 0.5 0.7 0.9 1.2 1.5 1.8 2.0 2.2 2.4

North Central 0.5 0.8 1.1 1.5 1.8 2.1 2.4 2.6 2.8South Central 0.4 0.5 0.7 0.9 1.2 1.4 1.6 1.8 1.9

Central Highlands

0.3 0.5 0.6 0.8 1.0 1.2 1.4 1.5 1.6

South 0.4 0.6 0.8 1.0 1.3 1.6 1.8 1.9 2.0

SLR scenario

(cm)

The 21 th century

2020 2030 2040 2050 2060 2070 2080 2090 2100

High 12 17 24 33 44 57 71 86 100

Medium 12 17 23 30 37 46 54 64 74

Sea level rise scenarios

Sea level rise Dark blue: 1m Light blue : 5 m

(John Pilgrim, 2007)

Red river delta

Mekong delta(John Pilgrim, 2007)

With SLR of 1 meterWith SLR of 1 meter

Total lost value: 17 billion USD/year;

- 1/5 population houses lost/damaged;

- 12,3% plantation area inundated;

- 40.000km2 delta area, 17.000 km2 of coastal area in Mekong river delta are heavely impacted by unpredicable floods.

With SLR of 1m: GDP lost of 10%;

- With 3 m: GDP lost of 25 % (WB).

VIETNAMactively responds to climate change

& develops a low carbon society

VIETNAMactively responds to climate change

& develops a low carbon society

CLIMATE CHANGE RESPONSE

INTERNATIONAL ACTIVITIESINTERNATIONAL ACTIVITIES

1. UN Framework Convention on Climate Change (UNFCCC) and Kyoto Protocol were ratified by the Government of Vietnam on Nov. 16th 1994 (1992) and in September 2002 (1998), respectively.

2. Since February 1995, Vietnam officially was a Non-Annex I Party of the Convention.

COP1 Berlin 1995COP1 Berlin 1995 COP2 Geneva 1996 COP2 Geneva 1996 COP3 Kyoto 1997COP3 Kyoto 1997 COP4 Buenos Aires 1998 COP4 Buenos Aires 1998 COP5 Bonn 1999 COP5 Bonn 1999 COP6 The Hague 2000 COP6 The Hague 2000 COP6 bis Bonn 2001 COP6 bis Bonn 2001 COP7 Marrakesh 2001COP7 Marrakesh 2001 COP8 Delhi 2002 COP8 Delhi 2002

COP9 Milan 2003 COP9 Milan 2003 COP10 Buenos Aires 2004 COP10 Buenos Aires 2004 COP11/CMP1 Montreal 2005 COP11/CMP1 Montreal 2005 COP12/CMP2 Nairobi 2006 COP12/CMP2 Nairobi 2006 COP13/CMP3 Bali 2007 COP13/CMP3 Bali 2007 COP14/CMP4 Poznan 2008COP14/CMP4 Poznan 2008 COP15/CMP 5 CopenhagenCOP15/CMP 5 Copenhagen COP 16/CMP 6 CancunCOP 16/CMP 6 Cancun COP 17/CMP 7 DurbanCOP 17/CMP 7 Durban

COP/CMP participation

25

INTERNATIONAL ACTIVITIES

VIETNAM ISSUED

2008 2009 2009 2010

1. Approved NATIONAL STRATEGY

ON CLIMATE CHANGE (5/12/2011)

: 12/2011

Develop a National Strategy on Climate Change is “Alive or Dead” Issue of VN

2011: POLICIES ISSUED

STRATEGIC TASKS (9)STRATEGIC TASKS (9)

1. Actively respond to natural disasters and monitor climate;

2. Guarantee food security and water resources;

3. Actively respond to sea level rise in most vulnerable regions;

4. Protect, sustainably develop forests and conserve biodiversity;

5. Mitigate emission of green house gases contributing to protect the Earth climate system;

STRATEGIC TASKS (9)STRATEGIC TASKS (9)

6. Strengthen the state decisive role in response to climate change

7. Develop communities of effectively response to climate change;

8. Develop modern science-technology in climate change response;

9. Strengthen international collaboration and integration, enhance the national position in climate change issues

Implementation phasingImplementation phasingThree phases:

2011- 2012: Inception phase

2013 – 2025: Implementation phase

2026 – 2050: Development phase

(low carbon economy)

.

POLICIES ISSUED

2. Approved

NATIONAL SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY PROGRAM OF NTP

(29 August 2011)

i) General objective

Supply scientific basis for development of strategy, policies and action plans on response to climate change in Vietnam

National Science and Technology Program of NTP


ii) Concrete objectives (3):

Developing knowledge of variability and change in climate and related environmental and human systems, and for encouraging the application of this knowledge

Assessing climate change impacts and proposing solutions in response to climate change

Mainstreaming climate change issues into developmental strategies, planning, plans…



iii) Main Tasks & projects (5 and 36 projects)

1. Studies on scientific basis for development of data base on climate change and its impacts to different fields/ sectors (4 projects);

2. Studies on scientific nature of climate change; Assessment status of climate change in Vietnam (3 projects)

3. Studies on scientific basis for assessment of climate change impacts, vulnerability by climate change, and proposing climate change adaptation solutions (21 projects)



4. Studies on climate change mitigation

(4 projects)

5. Studies on scientific basis and procedure for mainstreaming climate change issues in developmental strategies, plannings, plans, programs at central and local level

(6 projects)

National Science and Technology Program of NTP:

National Science and Technology Program of NTP:

3. Established the National Council on Climate Change

Chairman: Prime MinisterVice-chairmen: Vice Prime Minister and

Minister, MONREMembers: Ministers of some important

ministries, Presidents of national committees,

Directors of Research institutes and Specialists concerned …

3. Established the National Council on Climate Change

Chairman: Prime MinisterVice-chairmen: Vice Prime Minister and

Minister, MONREMembers: Ministers of some important

ministries, Presidents of national committees,

Directors of Research institutes and Specialists concerned …

POLICIES ISSUED

POLICIES ISSUEDPOLICIES ISSUED

4. Promulgated Decree No. 1719/QDD-TTg on criteria for evaluation of priority projects of the Support Programme to Respond to Climate Change (SP-RCC):

- Objectives of criteria application

- Requirements of a priority project in SP-RCC;

- Guidline on evaluation of priority level according to

regions and disaster types/ climate change signs ;

- Integrated/final evaluation .

.

5. Promulgated the policies matrix framework of the third cycle (2011) of the SP-RCC5. Promulgated the policies matrix framework of the third cycle (2011) of the SP-RCC

Medium objectiveProposed policy acts Implementation

institution Expective results3rd cycle: 2011

1st Pilar: Adaptation

1st Objective: strengthening tolerance of water resourcesStrengthen integrated management of water resources

2.3.1. Develop a new Law of WR MONRE

Legal policies and arrangement strengthened according to integrated and adapted approach in WR management

5.3.1. Establish operating models of irrigation canal system 5.3.2. Develop road-map of gradual implementation aiming at effectiveness of water supply and drainage of irrigation management campanies/firms

MARD

2nd Objective: Strengthen integrated coastal zone management …

6. Promulgated National target programmes in the period 2012-2015:

- National Target Programme to respond to Climate

change

- National Target Programme on energy saving

and effective utilization


7. Developing Vietnam’s Strategy on Green Growth General objective:

Changing of economic growth models with low

carbon use; reducing GHG emission, contributing

to CC mitigation; strengthening of green

technology application, sustainable green lifestyle

to improve people living standard.

7. Developing Vietnam’s Strategy on Green Growth General objective:

Changing of economic growth models with low

carbon use; reducing GHG emission, contributing

to CC mitigation; strengthening of green

technology application, sustainable green lifestyle

to improve people living standard.


Concrete objectives & Priority tasks (11) - Objective 1: Greening production (5 tasks) - Objective 2: Reduce carbon emission intensity; Increase use of renewable and new energy resources (4 tasks) - Objective 3: Greening life and lifestyle (3 tasks)

Concrete objectives & Priority tasks (11) - Objective 1: Greening production (5 tasks) - Objective 2: Reduce carbon emission intensity; Increase use of renewable and new energy resources (4 tasks) - Objective 3: Greening life and lifestyle (3 tasks)


8. Developing Action Plans for

implementation of NTP

- Ministrial/ sectoral: 24

- Provincial: 64


Example: Example:

1. Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Develoment (MARD)

2. Ministry of Industry and Trade MoIT


MINISTRY OF AGRICULTURE ANDRURAL DEVELOPMENT

MINISTRY OF AGRICULTURE ANDRURAL DEVELOPMENT

64 programs / projects

MARD Legislation document issuedMARD Legislation document issued

1. Promulgated Decision on implementation of the 3rd Cycle Policy matrix framework of SP-RCC in agriculture and rural development fields


2. Approved Programme on GHG emission mitigation in agriculture and rural areas to 2020

i) To 2020: 20% GHG emission reduced in fields of:

- Plantation,

- Breeding , and

- Fishery


3. Developing National Programme on REED +

(2012)


3. Replicating results of UN REDD Programme

- Phase 1: 2 pilot districts- Phase 2: 6 provinces- Phase 3: whole country

MINISTRY OF INDUSTRY AND TRADEMINISTRY OF INDUSTRY AND TRADE

i) Approved National electricity Planning 2011-2020 and towards 2030 (21.7.2011)

- Priorities in renewable energy development increase to 4.5 % and 6 % in 2020 and 2030 respectively

- Reduce the electricity elastic ko-efficient to 1.5% and 1.0% in 2015 and 2020

- Wind electricity portion: 0.7% and 2.4% in 2020 and 2030

- Biomas electricity portion: 0.6% and 1.1% in 2020 and 2030

- Hydro Power plants double in volum in 2020

- Nuclear power: 10.1% in 2030

Legislation document issuedLegislation document issued


ii) Approved National Energy Development Strategy to 2020 and towards to 2030

Objective: Try to achieve ratio of RE to about 5% in 2020 and 11% in 2030 and orientation to setting up energy development funds to support investment in development of new and renewable energy, implement public projects



iii) Approved National strategy on integrated management of solid wasts to 2015 and forwards to 2020:

View: “Polluters pay for pollutions”; Up to 2050, 100% solid wasts are treated by advanced technology

Objectives:

- To 2015: 60% are reused, reproduced, energy recovered






iv) Approved NTP for energy saving and effective utilization

Objective: Strive for saving from 5% to 8% of total consumed energy in period 2011-2015 compared with presently forcasted on energy development



v) Approved some policies, mechanisms for CDM investment projects

vi) Approved Biofuels development proposal up to 2015 and towards to 2050


NTP ACHIEVEMENTSNTP ACHIEVEMENTS

for different target groups:

- NGO members (ToT & community development

persons

- Administrative system at all levels (short term

training courses);

- Communities

In:

- Climate change adaptation

- Disaster prevention, response and mitigation

- Environment Protection

9. Public Awareness Raising

9. Public awareness9. Public awareness

9. Some training courses9. Some training courses


10. CC education in school system for:- School teachers (short-term training courses)- School students (mainstreaming CC issues in curricula/appropriate subjects)


11. CC education in Higher education system:

i) Mainstreaming CC issues into curricula and syllabus appropriatelyii) Develop new MSc programs in

- Climate Change; - Climate Change and Sustainable

Development; - Sustainablility Science…

MSc ProgramMSc Program

International Cooperation policiesInternational Cooperation policies

Develop policies and machanisms for promoting international cooperation

Hope to mobilize around US $9.1 billion of assistance from the international community to overcome CC serious challenges.

The country so far has received US $1.28 billion via 21 programs and projects.

Other 11 projects, worth US $1.3 billion, are under negotiation process./.

CC R&D programme DonorsCC R&D programme Donors

- DANIDA: MONRE, MARD, MPI, MOIT, Ben Tre &

Quang Nam Province;

- UN, Norway: Lam Dong province (UNREED,

phase 1 and phase 2)

- The Netherland and Germany: Central provinces

- Japan, France:

- WB, ADB

- CTF: MOIT, MOT, MARD, HCM city

Support Programs no Response to CC in Vietnam

Thu hồi và sử dụng khí đồng hành mỏ

Rạng Đông

Nhà máy điện gió Bình Thuận số 1 –

30 MW

Tái chế năng lượng tại bãi chôn lấp Đông Thạnh, Tp.

HCM

Thủy điện Phú mậu

Thủy điện Mường Sang

Tái trồng rừng Cao Phong

Khôi phục nhà máy thủy điện nhỏ Sông

Mực

Thủy điện Za hưng

Some 90 CDM Some 90 CDM approvedapproved

21

CDM PROJECTS

CHALLENGES AND RECOMMENDATIONSCHALLENGES AND RECOMMENDATIONS

1. Awareness raising and capacity building issues

(human resources and infrastructure)

2. Methodology and methods concerning to climate change R&D programmes:

- Inter-/transdisciplinary approach/maistreaming

- Develop climate change scenariors

(national, local)

- Methods on climate change impact, vulnerability

assessment …

3. Issues on integration of technology, ecological engineerings solutions and indigenous knowledge for adaptation and mitigation to climate change

4. Legislation /policies and program management issues…

5. Scientific basis / research works for CC response activities

Thank you !

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