Climate Change and implications in the marine ecosystems, with special attention to marine toxins as contaminants in seafood.

Institut de Recerca i Tecnologia AgroalimentàriesMarine and Continental WatersJorge DIOGÈNE FADINIjorge.diogene@irta.cat

WEB, October 8th, 2020

EFSA: “Climate change as a driver of emerging risks for food and feed safety, plant, animal health and nutritional quality”

Global change / Climate change

Global change / Climate change

Ocean Heat

Sea Level

Ocean Acidity

Harmful Algal BloomsHABs

Phytoplankton in the food webs

Harmful Algal Blooms

Samplings in the Mediterranean Sea

Filtering water from the scraping of rocks (200 µm)

Filtering water from the algal sample

Filtered water with particles (including microalgae) in suspension

Materials for sampling

Fixed sample with lugolsolution is collected

PLACE Macarella

DATE 03/09/2017HOUR 17:50

TEMPERATURE (Cº) 26,44

SALINITY 36,22DISSOLVED OXYGEN % 93,7DISSOLVED OXIGEN mg/L 6,18

PH 7,69

GPS Lat 39º 56' 25.20"

GPS Long 3º 56' 4.72"

DEPTH (m) 0,5

Harmful Algal Blooms, Ostreopsis cf ovata

Ministry of HealthCyprus

Presence of ciguatera: poisoning, CTXs in fish

Presence of Gambierdiscus spp.

Harmful Algal Blooms, Gambierdiscus spp.

HABs and Climate Change

- Uncertainty on the magnitude of the impact CC may present on HABs.

- Several communities / species of phytoplankton and benthic microalgae (HAB related and not HAB related) can be affected by factors affected by CC: Temperature, pH, sea rise, precipitation and freshwater runoff (including nutrient balance) for example.

- Additional influence of Global Change

RISK CHARACTERIZATION OF CIGUATERA FOOD POISONING IN

EUROPE (EUROCIGUA)

Neuro2a cells

No toxicity Toxicity

10-1 100 101 102

-100

102030405060708090

100110120

OV-

OV+

pg PCTX1B.mL-1

Via

bil

ity %

co

ntr

ol

MTT viability assay Quantification

Sampling for

Gambierdiscus spp. from the field and

fish from the field and the market

Environmental data:

Madeira

Canary Islands

Balearic Islands

Crete

Cyprus

Isolation of Gambierdiscus spp,

identification, establishment of cultures of

Gambierdiscus spp. in the laboratory (low-

scale and large-scale)

Toxicity evaluation with a cell-based assay

Extraction of Gambierdiscus spp., fish

samples and purification of extracts

Identification and quantification

of CTXs with LC-MS/MS (In

collaboration with GRANT 4)

Primary reference material Literature and data search

for future models and

prediction

Since 2005: Egypt, Israel, Turkey, Cyprus… Spain

Puffer fish and tetrodotoxins

0

50

1000

50

1000

50

1000

50

1000

50

1000

50

1006.27

6.096.73

6.27

6.09 6.485.89

5.685.90

5.78

5.76

NL: 1.22E6[320.110 - 302.100]

NL: 6.38E5[320.100 - 162.100]

NL: 9.18E5[290.110 - 272.000]

NL: 5.54E4[290.100 - 162.100]

NL: 2.67E3[302.110 - 256.000]

NL: 3.00E4]302.100 - 162.100]

0 2 4 6 8 10 12 14Time (min)

0

50

1000

50

1000

50

1000

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1000

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50

1005.66

5.65

5.25

5.25

4.60

4.60

NL: 1.00E5[304.110 - 286.000]

NL: 2.61E4[304.100 - 162.100]

NL: 1.34E4

[288.110 - 270.100]

NL: 5.01E3[288.100 - 224.100]

NL: 4.11E6[272.110 - 254.100]

NL: 5.37E5[272.100 - 162.100]

4-epiTTX / TTX (MRM1)

5-deoxyTTX / 11-deoxyTTX (MRM1)

5,6,11-trideoxyTTX (MRM1)

4,9-anhydroTTX (MRM1)

5,11-dideoxyTTX / 6,11-dideoxyTTX (MRM1)

11-norTTX-6(R/S)-ol (MRM1)

4-epiTTX / TTX (MRM2)

11-norTTX-6(R/S)-ol (MRM2)

4,9-anhydroTTX (MRM2)

5-deoxyTTX / 11-deoxyTTX (MRM2)

5,11-dideoxyTTX / 6,11-dideoxyTTX (MRM2)

5,6,11-trideoxyTTX (MRM2)

5.68

5.58

Figure 3. Selected reaction monitoring chromatogram of transition

monitored obtained following the analysis of TTX and its analogues in

the L. sceleratus gonads by LC-MS/MS on HILIC XBridge Amide and

TSQ Quantym system (Thermo).

ANALYSIS OF PUFFER FISH FROM CATALONIA AND VALENCIA

Lagocephalus sceleratus in Dènia!

2014 2015 2016

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1990

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Nº

SETM

AN

ES

Nº setmanes >28 C

ALFACS FANGAR Lineal (ALFACS) Lineal (FANGAR)

DELTA DE l’EBRE (NW Mediterranean): Number of weeks in which water temperature has exceeded 28oC

27 November 2017

CLimate change and Emerging risks for FoodSAfety: the CLEFSA project

• Kick-off teleconference with theCLEFSA discussion group

How useful is the CLEFSA initiative for our insitution and for ourfield of work?

It focuses on an issue of great concern, CC, which has demonstrated evidence of having an impact on toxin production organisms and their population dynamics

The CLEFSA initiative focuses on identification, characterization and prioritization of emerging issues according to expert advise, and this is a unique source of information that will contribute to better focus on the relevant issues

It proposes a new approach and methodology that may be re-considered in different fields of work in order to evaluate the importance of merging risks

The CLEFSA project, addressing human-plant-animal health is a clear initiative that focuses on the ONE HEALTH approach, responding therefore to the wholistic perspective required to address global issues on food safety

Which is the potential synergy of the CLEFSA initiative withother projects?

The CLEFSA initiative, taking into consideration the topics addressed, provides a definitecontribution to the following projects/activities:

- Monitoring program in shellfish harvesting areas

- Coastal processes, hazard characterization and risk assessment of diferent chemicalcontaminants involved in food safety

- Population dynamics of harmful phytoplankton and microorganisms responsable for contaminant and microbiological hazards

17 UN Sustainable Development Goals

Thank you!