Climate Change Adaptation & Climate Change Adaptation & Mitigation in Viet NamMitigation in Viet NamRoles of CommunityRoles of Community

Singapore, 25-26 June 2011

1

ContentContent

• Climate change and global problem

• Viet Nam & Climate Change

• Current efforts - Government level

• Role of civil society

2

1. Climate change and global problem1. Climate change and global problem• The biggest challenge in 21 century • Basic elements- water, foods, health,

environment. • 332 millions people could be homeless • 400 millions people facing malaria• 600 millions people facing innutrition• 1,8 billion people facing shortage of

water in 2080• Serious ecological crisis in South Asia and North

China• Nick Stern www.sternreview.org.uk

– Annual Cost and risks = 5% GDP – Expenses on reducing GHGs = 1% GDP .

3

Germanwatch – Germanwatch – Report on Risk Index of Global Report on Risk Index of Global CC 2010 CC 2010

• 10 most vulnerable countries include:– Bangladesh, Myanmar, Honduras, Viet Nam,

Nicaragua, Haiti, India, Dominican, Philippine and China

– Low –income countries: The poor suffer most

• 1990 – 2008 period:– 11.000 floods, typhoons, droughts – 600.000 dead– Economic loss: US$ 1,700 billions

4

2. Viet Nam & Climate Change2. Viet Nam & Climate Change

• Temperature- on clearly rising trend

• Rainfall does not

biÕn t r ×nh nhiÒu n¨ mv µ x u t hÕ NhiÖt ®é k h«ng k hÝ

t r ung b×nh n¨ m t r ¹ m hµ né i

y = 0.0056x + 23.388

22.5

23.5

24.5

25.5

26.5

năm

T(0

C)

biÕn t r ×nh nhiÒu n¨ m vµ xu t hÕ NhiÖt ®é kh«ng khÝ t r ung b×nh n¨ m t r ¹ m t ©n s¬n nhÊt

y = 0.0104x + 26.789

25.5

26.0

26.5

27.0

27.5

28.0

28.5

29.0

năm

T(0

C)

biÕn t r ×nh nhiÒu n¨ m vµ xu thÕ l î ng m a n¨ m t r ¹ m hµ néi

y = 0.3391x + 1644.8

500

1000

1500

2000

2500

3000

năm

R(m

m)

biÕn t r ×nh nhiÒu n¨ m vµ xu thÕ l î ng m a n¨ m t r ¹ m

t©n s¬n nhÊt

y = 2.1373x + 1831.8

500

1000

1500

2000

2500

3000

nămR

(mm

)

5

Most likely and serious ImpactsMost likely and serious Impacts

• 3,000 km coast line

• Sea level rises as the key impact

6

WB report - Problem from CC in Viet NamWB report - Problem from CC in Viet Nam

• Sea level rises 20 cm in the last 50 years • 500 dead per year• US$ 1.5 billion (1,5% of annual GDP) • 80% farmers living in rural areas with agriculture

livelihood• Threats for millennium objectives, sustainable

development and poverty reduction • The poor suffer twice• Vietnam is the second biggest rice exporter

7

Coming threatsComing threats

• Scenario 1: If the rise is 65 cm- 12.8% of Mekong River Delta will be covered

• Scenario 2: If the rise is 100 cm- 90% of Mekong River Delta will be covered

8

Threats for Viet NamThreats for Viet Nam• Scenario 2: Sea level rises 33

cm in 2050 and 100 cm in the next 100 years– 90 % of Mekong River Delta

will be covered. (40,000 sq. km) .

– 5% of total land will be covered

– 11% of households become homeless

– 5% rice production decreased (5 millions ton)

– 10 % of GDP will be lost

9

Flooded streets in Quy Nhon CityFlooded streets in Quy Nhon City

r

10

Combination of transportationCombination of transportation

11

Street becomes the riverStreet becomes the river

12

Drought in Quang TriDrought in Quang Tri

13

Typhoon in Nam DinhTyphoon in Nam Dinh

14

3. Current efforts3. Current effortsGovernment levelGovernment level• Policy

– National Strategy of Climate Change Adaptation & Mitigation to be approved in 2011

• Until 2030:

– Raise awareness, change attitude and behaviour of people towards nature and social economic development process in climate change context

• 2011 - 2015: Urgent tasks

– Master Plan for social economic development with adaptation with CC for MeKong River Delta

– Upgrade the system of coastal and river damps

– To settle the flooding situation in big cities

– To protect saline intrusions for the most vulnerable areas related to food security

15

3. Current efforts3. Current effortsGovernment levelGovernment level• National program on adapting with climate change

launched by MONRE in 2008• 2009 – 2010: kick – off

• 2011 – 2015: Implementation

• After 2015: Development

• Research & Models

• Integration of CC in annual development plan of provinces and ministries

• Prioritized areas for immediate intervention include:– Vulnerable area s including coastline, Hong River and MeKong River Delta

– Water resources; Agriculture and food security

– Energy; health care,

16

Damp buildingDamp building

17

3. Current efforts3. Current effortsGovernment levelGovernment level• National program on adapting with climate change

launched by MONRE in 2008– Upgrade the system of coastal and river damp – 50 cm higher,

especially the coastline linked Quang Ngai and Kien Giang

– Plant 300,000 – 350,000 ha of mangrove and other forests

– Efficiency in fresh water resources allocation and use

– Sanitation

– Develop new variety of seeds which better adapt with context of climate change

– Restructure agriculture production

• Total fund of 2,000 billion VND (100 millions US$).

18

Government efforts - DirectionGovernment efforts - Direction

• CC is now priority. “Late is better than never”• Vietnam still poor and vulnerable to climate change• Sustainable development instead of fast growth• Economic development with respect of the rules of natural world and adaptation with climate

change• Reduction of Greenhouse effects• Efficiency in energy use• Limitation in using fossil fuel• Awareness raising & changing attitude and behavior of communities for adaptation with climate

change. • Integration of CC into Master Plan, local SEDP and sectoral development plan• Environment protection, reforestation

19

ReforestationReforestation

20

Government efforts Government efforts

• Signed UNFCCC and Kyoto Protocol

• MONRE appointed as national focal point responsible for activities related to UNFCCC and KP

• Task forces, including experts for research, project design in the field of CC

• Scenarios of climate change in Viet Nam in 2010 – 2070

• List of projects for fund raising and technology transfer

• Formulation of Clead Development Mechanism (CDM) – one of 3 mechanisms of KP for sustainable development in Viet Nam through CDM projects

21

Government effortsGovernment efforts

For the first time, in March 2011 MOET

discuss the matter of climate change into the

main subject in secondary schools in

2015.

22

What is needed from developed What is needed from developed countriescountries

• Transfer new environment friendly technologies• Cooperation with developing countries in formulating and

implementation CDM projects for sustainable development and GHGs reduction.

• Financial resources

23

4. CC and NGOs & civil society 4. CC and NGOs & civil society • Adapt with CC from micro level• The strategy:

– NGOs & civil society including private sector play important role in adapting with CC sharing responsibility, initiatives and resources with the government

– Community – based approaches:• The community needs• Awareness raising• Change attitude and behaviors toward CC

• Network of HR, projects, communities to produce sygnegy• Initiatives:

– Higher productivity in narrower areas– New variety of plants when sea level rises– “in bed with flood”

24

Current effortsCurrent efforts NGOs & civil society NGOs & civil society • Models at grassroot across the country

(Community-based Climate Adaptation- CCA)

many examples: CB-CRM in Cat Ba (CRP-KAS), Xuan Thuy (Nam Dinh- MCD), SDR- in Hue, GTZ in Tra Vinh, etc.

25

Temporal damp made from rock Temporal damp made from rock and wood by farmersand wood by farmers

26

Key message- Involvement of the Key message- Involvement of the community is a mustcommunity is a must• Initiatives come from the community as they are

the ones who will suffer and also have many ideas to adapt

• Government and civil society need to be in place to facilitate, not the ones who stay

• Examples: a project funded by Viet Nam Innovation Day in 2010 in Phu Yen province

27

InnitiativeInnitiative

• Protect landslide by “New technology” of sea damp made from Vetiver grass, Spinach and coconut matting

28

Idea comes trueIdea comes true

• Mr Nguyen Phu Bao from Green Phu Yen Company received the Innovation Day grant of VND 270 millions (US$13,500) awarded by WB for his initiative

29

Thank you!

30