CLIMATE CHALLENGE FUND Carbon Literacy for … · Global warming vs. Climate Change • Global...
Transcript of CLIMATE CHALLENGE FUND Carbon Literacy for … · Global warming vs. Climate Change • Global...
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CLIMATE CHALLENGE FUND Carbon Literacy for Communities – Day One
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www.keepscotlandbeautiful.org The charity for Scotland’s environment
Exercise
About us
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www.keepscotlandbeautiful.org The charity for Scotland’s environment
Keep Scotland Beautiful
www.keepscotlandbeautiful.org
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www.keepscotlandbeautiful.org The charity for Scotland’s environment
Keep Scotland Beautiful
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www.keepscotlandbeautiful.org The charity for Scotland’s environment
Keep Scotland Beautiful
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www.keepscotlandbeautiful.org The charity for Scotland’s environment
Keep Scotland Beautiful
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www.keepscotlandbeautiful.org The charity for Scotland’s environment
Community Action Support Programme
• Free training and support for any community group in Scotland with an interest in tackling climate change
• Provided through our management and development of the CCF on behalf of the Scottish Government.
www.keepscotlandbeautiful.org/ccfcommunitysupport
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www.keepscotlandbeautiful.org The charity for Scotland’s environment
Carbon Literacy
• Day One – Understanding and Communicating Climate Change
• Day Two – Low Carbon Behaviours
“Carbon literacy means having an instinctive understanding of the carbon
impacts of our activities, and being able to make informed choices about the
most energy and resource efficient and lower carbon options available to us.”
Carbon Literacy Project
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www.keepscotlandbeautiful.org The charity for Scotland’s environment
Carbon Literacy
• Certification – To receive certification you will be asked to fill in a short assessment form asking you to identify one personal and one group carbon reducing action you will take.
• You will be asked to outline why you think these actions are significant and this will allow the Carbon Literacy Project to certify you.
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www.keepscotlandbeautiful.org The charity for Scotland’s environment
Icebreaker
Talk to the person next to you.
Tell each other one thing you know for certain about climate change, and one thing you’re not so sure
about?
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www.keepscotlandbeautiful.org The charity for Scotland’s environment
Aims of today
• Examine the scientific basis for climate change
• Explore the potential impacts rising greenhouse gasses and a changing climate
• Learn about communicating climate change and practice some techniques for doing so
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www.keepscotlandbeautiful.org The charity for Scotland’s environment
Structure of the day
• Morning –looking at the science behind climate change; and how our climate is changing already. What is being done about it?
• Lunch
• Afternoon – Myth busting and thinking about how we communicate the climate case
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www.keepscotlandbeautiful.org The charity for Scotland’s environment
TITLE (Arial 24pt Bold)
What is climate change?
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www.keepscotlandbeautiful.org The charity for Scotland’s environment
Global warming vs. Climate Change
• Global warming - the rise in global average temperatures
• Climate change – this is the change in a region’s
climate or global climate
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www.keepscotlandbeautiful.org The charity for Scotland’s environment
Why is climate change happening?
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www.keepscotlandbeautiful.org The charity for Scotland’s environment
Svante August Arrhenius (1859 – 1927)
“…we may hope to enjoy ages with more equable and better climates, especially as regards the colder regions of the earth, ages when the earth will bring forth much more abundant crops than at present, for the benefit of rapidly propagating mankind.”
Published a study the warming effect of carbon dioxide: “the greenhouse effect”
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www.keepscotlandbeautiful.org The charity for Scotland’s environment
The Greenhouse Effect
• Greenhouse gases(GHGs)naturally occurin Earth’s atmosphere
• Without GHGs the average global temperature would bearound 30ºC lowerthan it is today.
• Human activityincreasingconcentration of GHGs
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=OqVyRa1iuMc
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www.keepscotlandbeautiful.org The charity for Scotland’s environment
Natural Carbon cycle –low human impact
SOURCES SINKS
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www.keepscotlandbeautiful.org The charity for Scotland’s environment
Altered Carbon balance
SINKS
SOURCES
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www.keepscotlandbeautiful.org The charity for Scotland’s environment
Causes of climate change
• Increase in greenhouse gas emissions – this causes the natural blanket around the atmosphere to thicken trapping in more heat.
• Greenhouse gases = Carbon Dioxide (CO2), Methane (CH4), Nitrous Oxide (N2O).
• Also Water Vapour and Ozone (O3) (natural GHGs)
Fact: Since start of industrial era levels of main greenhouse gases
increased (CO2 – 40%; CH4 –
150% and N2O – 20%)
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www.keepscotlandbeautiful.org The charity for Scotland’s environment
Carbon emissions
Source: CarbonMap.org © Duncan Clark and Robin Houston, 2012
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www.keepscotlandbeautiful.org The charity for Scotland’s environment
Carbon emissions
https://www.carbonbrief.org/interactive-map-historical-emissions-around-the-world
https://www.carbonbrief.org/interactive-map-historical-emissions-around-the-world
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www.keepscotlandbeautiful.org The charity for Scotland’s environment
Development vs. Climate Change
• “The right to development is an
inalienable human right by virtue of which every human person and all peoples are entitled to participate in, contribute to, and enjoy economic,social, cultural and political development, in which all human rights and fundamental freedoms can be fully realized.” (Article 1.1,
Declaration on the Right to Development)
• Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs)
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www.keepscotlandbeautiful.org The charity for Scotland’s environment
Tea and coffee break
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www.keepscotlandbeautiful.org The charity for Scotland’s environment
TITLE (Arial 24pt Bold)
The Science Bit
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www.keepscotlandbeautiful.org The charity for Scotland’s environment
Evidence – The Keeling Curve
https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Mauna_Loa_Carbon_Dioxide.png#file
“observed rate of increase is nearly that to be expected from the combustion of fossil fuel”
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www.keepscotlandbeautiful.org The charity for Scotland’s environment
Ice Cores
source:http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ice_core
source: http://planetearth.nerc.ac.uk/news/story.aspx?id=609
• Ice cores contain information about temperature and gases
• Antarctica – ice cores can stretch back 800,000 years
Darker layers winter
Arrowed layers summer
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www.keepscotlandbeautiful.org The charity for Scotland’s environment
Evidence from graphs
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www.keepscotlandbeautiful.org The charity for Scotland’s environment
Cont..
This graph, based on the comparison of atmospheric samples contained in ice cores and more recent direct measurements, provides evidence that atmospheric CO2has increased since the Industrial Revolution. (Credit: Vostok ice core data/J.R. Petit et al.; NOAA Mauna Loa CO2 record.). Taken from http://climate.nasa.gov/evidence/
Start of industrial revolution
Activity
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www.keepscotlandbeautiful.org The charity for Scotland’s environment
Earthbook
http://imgs.xkcd.com/comics/earth_temperature_timeline.png
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www.keepscotlandbeautiful.org The charity for Scotland’s environment
IPCC
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www.keepscotlandbeautiful.org The charity for Scotland’s environment
IPCC
• Warming of the climate system is unequivocal, and since the 1950s, many of the observed changes are unprecedented over decades to millennia.
• In the Northern Hemisphere, 1983–2012 was likely the warmest 30-year period of the last 1400 years.
• Global surface temperature change for the end of the 21st century is likely to exceed 1.5 C relative to 1850 to 1900.
• It is likely to exceed 2°C for high emissions scenarios
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www.keepscotlandbeautiful.org The charity for Scotland’s environment
Global average temperatures
http://www.metoffice.gov.uk/research/monitoring/climate/surface-temperature
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www.keepscotlandbeautiful.org The charity for Scotland’s environment
Global average temperatures
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www.keepscotlandbeautiful.org The charity for Scotland’s environment
Evidence from Tree Rings(Dendrochronology)
• Tree growth rings are added each year the tree is growing.
• These rings are recording the growing season and the thicker the ring, the better the growing season.
Tree grows from inside out
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www.keepscotlandbeautiful.org The charity for Scotland’s environment
Melting ice sheets
Source: http://www.skepticalscience.com/Global-Warming-in-a-Nutshell.html
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www.keepscotlandbeautiful.org The charity for Scotland’s environment
Melting ice sheets
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www.keepscotlandbeautiful.org The charity for Scotland’s environment
Glacial Retreat
http://climate.nasa.gov/state_of_flux#Qori-Kalis-930px-80-v2.jpg
Qori Kalis glacier, Peru
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www.keepscotlandbeautiful.org The charity for Scotland’s environment
Sea level rise
• Melting of glaciers and polar ice caps
• Thermal expansion
• Sea levels rising at a rate of 1.7 mm per year
• Thousands of coastal cities and whole islands at risk.
Fact: Average global sea level rose 0.19m over a
period between 1901-2010
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www.keepscotlandbeautiful.org The charity for Scotland’s environment
Nature
Polar Bears in Hudson Bay, Canada1,200 polar bearsHunt on the ice during SpringPut on 50-75% of their body fat in these monthsBut:Ice in Hudson Bay melts 3 weeks earlier nowLess chance for the bears to feedCome on to shore 10kg lighter
Not just Polar Bears at risk, the IUCN have identified many species that are affected by climate change
The report can be found at http://cmsdata.iucn.org/downloads/species_and_climate_change.pdf
Source: www.hngn.com
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www.keepscotlandbeautiful.org The charity for Scotland’s environment
Nature
Puffins in the UK
Warmer temperatures in the seas around the UK mean that sand eels, the main food of puffins, are moving north.
Storms and coastal erosion also have an impact on puffin populations and they are now on the IUCN ‘red list’.
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Fratercula_arctica_-Skomer_Island,_Wales_-flying_with_fish_in_beak-8.jpg
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sand_eel#/media/File:Flickr_-_Rainbirder_-_Back_from_a_fishing_trip.jpg
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www.keepscotlandbeautiful.org The charity for Scotland’s environment
The Impacts of climate change – how is our weather going to change and how is it changing already?
TITLE (Arial 24pt Bold)
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www.keepscotlandbeautiful.org The charity for Scotland’s environment
Recent Trends
• Average temp. increase of 0.5°C (since 1914
• Temp. increase in all seasons in all parts of Scotland (since 1961)
• Heavy rainfall events increased – in particular Northern and Western parts
• 25% reduction in number of frost days (since 1961)
• Growing season starts 3 weeks earlier (compared to 1961)
http://www.sniffer.org.uk/files/9313/4183/7426/Climate_Trends_Handbook_for_web.pdf
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www.keepscotlandbeautiful.org The charity for Scotland’s environment
Future?
2050s
2080s?
What difference do a few degrees make?
South-East England
2.7°Cwarmer in summerthan the Forth Basin(in baseline 1961-1990)
So our summer temperatures may be more similar to those in southern England by the 2050s...
... and unlike anything currently experienced in the UK by the 2080s
Source: Adapation Scotland, Sniffer
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www.keepscotlandbeautiful.org The charity for Scotland’s environment
Changing weather -heatwaves
• Summer 2003 record breaking heatwave in Europe.
• Many European countries experienced their highest temperature on record.
• According to Met Office this period of extreme heat is thought to be warmest for up to 500 years
Source: www.paulotavares.net
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www.keepscotlandbeautiful.org The charity for Scotland’s environment
Changing weather -flooding
Source: www.geogonline.org.uk
• The UK has experienced heavy floods in the last decade
• The rainfall in June and July 2007 was 20% higher than ever seen before in records that stretch back to 1879
• The IPCC have warned that climate change will increase the risk of both floods and droughts
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www.keepscotlandbeautiful.org The charity for Scotland’s environment
Extreme Weather
• Do you have a story to tell?• Home • Food• Travel • Communications• Friends, family and community – here and
abroad?
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www.keepscotlandbeautiful.org The charity for Scotland’s environment
Impacts
• Flooding and extreme rainfall events – damage property/people
• Heatwaves and extreme temperature• Drought and water shortages• Crop failures – food security, food prices• Reduced frost and snow, Disease, pests, health and
wellbeing• Disruption to services - transport , energy,
IT/communications• Ecosystems disrupted, threat to habitats and species• Glacial retreat – floods and eventual droughts• Sea level rise and storm surges – coastal impacts• Migration – climate migrants (mainly internal) and conflict
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www.keepscotlandbeautiful.org The charity for Scotland’s environment
TITLE (Arial 24pt Bold)
Solutions
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www.keepscotlandbeautiful.org The charity for Scotland’s environment
What Can We Do?
• Mitigation – efforts to cut or prevent the emission of greenhouse gases
• Adaptation – lower the risks associated with impacts of climate change
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www.keepscotlandbeautiful.org The charity for Scotland’s environment
What Can We Do?What is COP21?
COP21 = 21st Conference of the Parties
UNFCCC = United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change
Photo Credit: "Paris vue d'ensemble tour Eiffel" by Taxiarchos228, cropped and modified by Poke2001 - Paris-pano-wladyslaw.jpg. Licensed under CC BY 3.0 via Wikimedia Commons - https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Paris_vue_d%27ensemble_tour_Eiffel.jpg#/media/File:Paris_vue_d%27ensemble_tour_Eiffel.jpg
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www.keepscotlandbeautiful.org The charity for Scotland’s environment
What Can We Do?Mitigation - Aim
•To keep average global temperature rise well below 2°c, and to pursue efforts to limit temperature increase to 1.5°c
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www.keepscotlandbeautiful.org The charity for Scotland’s environment
Mitigation
Source: aceee.orgSource: www.methodllp.com Source: http://www.firstgreen.co/green-building-certifications/
Source: www.amherstma.gov Source:www.greenpeace.org
http://www.wrap.org.uk/content/wrap-and-circular-economy
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www.keepscotlandbeautiful.org The charity for Scotland’s environment
Mitigation in Scotland
• More than half (56.7%) of the electricity generated in Scotland comes from renewables – target is 100% by 2020
• 3% of Scotland’s warmth, in 2012, came from biomass, solar
thermal panels, energy from waste and heat pumps – target is 11% by 2020
• With regards to waste, figures from SEPA show: • Across all sectors in Scotland waste sent to landfill has dropped
from over 7 million tonnes in 2013 to just over 4 million tonnes in 2013.
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www.keepscotlandbeautiful.org The charity for Scotland’s environment
Mitigation in Scotland
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www.keepscotlandbeautiful.org The charity for Scotland’s environment
Adaptation - Aim
•To increase ability to adapt to climate change impacts and foster climate resilience and low emissions development
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www.keepscotlandbeautiful.org The charity for Scotland’s environment
Adaptation
• Examples of adaptation are flood risk management, biodiversity action planning and urban greening.
• There are many good examples of adaption around the world, for more information see Practical Action http://practicalaction.org/climatechange_adaptation
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www.keepscotlandbeautiful.org The charity for Scotland’s environment
Adaptation in Scotland
• Scottish Climate Change Adaptation programme sets out what government, businesses, and society are doing to become more climate ready.
• The Climate Change (Scotland) Act 2009 - makes legal arrangements about climate change mitigation and adaption.
• Adaptation Scotland - provides advice and support to help ensure that Scotland is prepared for, and resilient to, the impacts of climate change.
• Great video on Adaptation Scotland highlighting the responses of different organisations, businesses and communities to climate change.
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www.keepscotlandbeautiful.org The charity for Scotland’s environment
Case study – Colmonellprimary School
Source: http://www.adaptationscotland.org.uk/12/175/0/Colmonell-primary-school.aspx
• Low Carbon, climate resilient building
• Natural ventilation
• Air source heat pumps
• Low energy lighting
• Grass roof
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www.keepscotlandbeautiful.org The charity for Scotland’s environment
TITLE (Arial 24pt Bold)
Lunch!
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www.keepscotlandbeautiful.org The charity for Scotland’s environment
TITLE (Arial 24pt Bold)
Myth Busters – dealing with myths, denials and excuses
www.bloomberg.com/graphics/2015-whats-warming-the-world/
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www.keepscotlandbeautiful.org The charity for Scotland’s environment
Communicating the Climate Case
TITLE (Arial 24pt Bold)
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www.keepscotlandbeautiful.org The charity for Scotland’s environment
Group exercise
• You have been given 9 cards with evidence for climate change on them
• Your task is to categorise them into most important to least important causes, like this
Most useful
Least useful
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www.keepscotlandbeautiful.org The charity for Scotland’s environment
Knowledge-Action Gap
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www.keepscotlandbeautiful.org The charity for Scotland’s environment
George Marshall
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www.keepscotlandbeautiful.org The charity for Scotland’s environment
What’s Important?
• Messenger? – Who is telling me this is a problem? Are they like me? Are they convinced?
• What’s the story? – Does is fit into my world-view? Does it talk to my values? Does it challenge my identity?
• Is it relevant? – What’s this got to do with my life, where I live and the things I think are important?
• How can I help? – What can I do? How will that be a positive thing?
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www.keepscotlandbeautiful.org The charity for Scotland’s environment
Values
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www.keepscotlandbeautiful.org The charity for Scotland’s environment
Common Cause
Intrinsic – values that are inherently rewarding to pursue e.g. – affiliation to friends & family, connection with nature, concern for other, self-acceptance, social justice, creativity.
Extrinsic – values that are centred on external approval or rewardse.g. - wealth, material success, concern about image, social status, prestige, social power, authority
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www.keepscotlandbeautiful.org The charity for Scotland’s environment
Resources
http://www.climatevisuals.org/galleries/new-stories/
http://climateoutreach.org/resources/coin-keynote-speech-at-the-un/
http://climateoutreach.org/resources/podcast-young-voices/
http://climateoutreach.org/resources/election-guide-video/
http://climateoutreach.org/resources/video-floods-and-climate-change/
http://climateoutreach.org/resources/webinar-the-uncertainty-handbook-2/
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www.keepscotlandbeautiful.org The charity for Scotland’s environment
Scotland 2030
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www.keepscotlandbeautiful.org The charity for Scotland’s environment
Show the Love
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www.keepscotlandbeautiful.org The charity for Scotland’s environment
Scottish Government
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www.keepscotlandbeautiful.org The charity for Scotland’s environment
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www.keepscotlandbeautiful.org The charity for Scotland’s environment
Tea and Coffee
TITLE (Arial 24pt Bold)
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www.keepscotlandbeautiful.org The charity for Scotland’s environment
Climate Stories
What’s the problem? How did you come to know about it and why are you convinced?
Why do you think its an important issue for your audience (people and place)?
What’s it going to be like to tackle the problem? What will life be like in a low carbon world?
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www.keepscotlandbeautiful.org The charity for Scotland’s environment
Round-Up and Tomorrow
• What is climate change• Why is climate change happening • Evidence for link between carbon and climate
change• Observed impacts• Impact on weather/UK climate• What can we do• Myth busters• Communicating climate change
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www.keepscotlandbeautiful.org The charity for Scotland’s environment
And Finally……