University of Wisconsin - MadisonBiomedical Engineering Design Courses

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Client: Ken Campbell, Ph.D.Client: Ken Campbell, Ph.D.

Advisor: Glennys Mensing Advisor: Glennys Mensing

Team Mouse Heart:Team Mouse Heart:– Michael KosirMichael Kosir– Ankur SharmaAnkur Sharma– Steve TrierSteve Trier

Problem DefinitionProblem Definition

To design a device that can To design a device that can rapidlyrapidly pump pump saline into a catheter for stiffness saline into a catheter for stiffness measurements during specific intervals in measurements during specific intervals in the cardiac cycle.the cardiac cycle.

Inject 3 Inject 3 L of saline in less than 5 msL of saline in less than 5 msRemove injected portionRemove injected portionStiffness = ∆P/∆VStiffness = ∆P/∆V

-Already a device to measure ∆P-Already a device to measure ∆P-Need a device to cause a ∆V-Need a device to cause a ∆V

Background/MotivationBackground/Motivation

Diastolic Dysfunction:Diastolic Dysfunction:– Impaired ventricular fillingImpaired ventricular filling– Decreased stroke volume from LVDecreased stroke volume from LV– Greater end-diastolic pressureGreater end-diastolic pressure

Cause:Cause:– Delayed ventricular relaxation and stiffness Delayed ventricular relaxation and stiffness

of ventricular wallsof ventricular walls

Implicated in more than 70% of heart Implicated in more than 70% of heart failure patients that are 80+failure patients that are 80+

Design SpecificationsDesign Specifications

Inject a fixed quantity (3-5 µl) of saline through Inject a fixed quantity (3-5 µl) of saline through a catheter into a left ventricular balloona catheter into a left ventricular balloonOperate in less than 5 msOperate in less than 5 msAttach to a catheter with 200 µm diameter Attach to a catheter with 200 µm diameter openingopeningMust operate with an electrical logic pulse Must operate with an electrical logic pulse Length of catheter from fluid injector to end of Length of catheter from fluid injector to end of tube is at least 2-3 cmtube is at least 2-3 cm

Design OverviewDesign Overview

Source: Campbell, 2003

Size ComparisonSize Comparison

Mouse Heart

Catheter: Inserted Into Left Ventrical

Previous DesignPrevious Design

Circuit

Pressure Source

Micro Solenoid Valve

To Catheter

Previous DesignPrevious Design

Advantages:Advantages:– Rapid response timeRapid response time– Simple circuitry requiredSimple circuitry required– CompactCompact– CheapCheap

Disadvantages:Disadvantages:– Less AccurateLess Accurate– No Retraction MechanismNo Retraction Mechanism

Flow AnalysisFlow Analysis

(dV(dVss/dt)/dt)ds+P+1/2ds+P+1/2VVss22++gz=Cgz=C

AA11VV11=A=A22VV22

• Unsteady Bernoulli’s Equation and Unsteady Bernoulli’s Equation and Continuity PrincipleContinuity Principle

• Cross sectional area of the plunger Cross sectional area of the plunger based on the area of the tubing usedbased on the area of the tubing used• 6.0 mm diameter6.0 mm diameter

Piezoelectric StackPiezoelectric Stack

Source: Physik Instrumente, Part 239.90

Piezoelectric StackPiezoelectric StackSub-millisecond Response

High Force Generation – 4500 N Push, 500 N Pull

Extreme Reliability – Max displacement=180 µm

High voltage input – Maximum operating voltage = -1000 V

Cost: $2,940.00

Current DifficultiesCurrent Difficulties

LEMO to BNC connector on orderLEMO to BNC connector on order

Current amplifier incompatible Current amplifier incompatible – Does not handle capacitance of piezo stackDoes not handle capacitance of piezo stack– Impedance too largeImpedance too large– Requires a relay controlled by TTL trigger to Requires a relay controlled by TTL trigger to

fire stackfire stack– Two possible solutionsTwo possible solutions

High Voltage Piezo AmplifierHigh Voltage Piezo Amplifier

-3 to -1100 V output-3 to -1100 V output

Up to 50 W peak powerUp to 50 W peak power

0 to 0 to ±11 V control input±11 V control input

50 mA peak output current50 mA peak output current

Designed for use with Designed for use with piezo actuatorpiezo actuator

Source: Physik Instrumente, Part 507.00

Alternate CircuitryAlternate Circuitry

1000V power supply1000V power supply

Charge capacitorCharge capacitor– Acts as voltage supplyActs as voltage supply

Close transistor with Close transistor with TTL pulseTTL pulse

Capacitor drives Capacitor drives piezostackpiezostack

1000V

capacitor

stack

transistorTTL input

Source: http://www.physikinstrumente.de

Current DeviceCurrent Device

What’s NextWhat’s Next

Ordering piezo stack partsOrdering piezo stack parts

Fabricating piston and nozzleFabricating piston and nozzle– SyringeSyringe

Connecting catheter and nozzleConnecting catheter and nozzle

Operating on logic pulseOperating on logic pulse

TestingTesting

AcknowledgmentsAcknowledgments

Ken CampbellKen Campbell

Burke O’NeilBurke O’Neil

Naomi CheslerNaomi Chesler

John WebsterJohn Webster

Glennys MensingGlennys Mensing

Machine shopMachine shop

ReferencesReferencesPhysik Instrumente online tutorial of Piezoelectrics. Available at: Physik Instrumente online tutorial of Piezoelectrics. Available at: http://www.physikinstrumente.de/products/section4/content.phphttp://www.physikinstrumente.de/products/section4/content.phpKlabunde, R. (2003). Cardiovascular Physiology Concepts: Diastolic Dysfunction. Klabunde, R. (2003). Cardiovascular Physiology Concepts: Diastolic Dysfunction. Retrieved September, 2003, from www.cvphysiology.com/Heart%20Failure.HF006.htmRetrieved September, 2003, from www.cvphysiology.com/Heart%20Failure.HF006.htmCampbell, K. (2003). Campbell, K. (2003). Glassey, S., Stockner, A., (2002), HEUI—A New Direction for Diesel Engine Fuel Glassey, S., Stockner, A., (2002), HEUI—A New Direction for Diesel Engine Fuel Systems. Developed by Caterpillar Inc. SAE paper (930270).Systems. Developed by Caterpillar Inc. SAE paper (930270).Arnold, C., (2003). Hydraulically-actuated, Electronically-controlled Unit Injectors. The Arnold, C., (2003). Hydraulically-actuated, Electronically-controlled Unit Injectors. The Power Shop Inc., retrieved October, 2003, from www.thepowershop.com/HEUI.htm.Power Shop Inc., retrieved October, 2003, from www.thepowershop.com/HEUI.htm.Biomedical Technical Support Center. “MicroInjection System”, University of Calgary Biomedical Technical Support Center. “MicroInjection System”, University of Calgary [Electronic Version] Retrieved September 10, 2003 [Electronic Version] Retrieved September 10, 2003 URL:http://www.ucalgary.ca/md/BTSC/MInj_Sys.htmURL:http://www.ucalgary.ca/md/BTSC/MInj_Sys.htmParker Hannifin Corporation. “Picospritzer: Operating Manual” [Electronic Version] Parker Hannifin Corporation. “Picospritzer: Operating Manual” [Electronic Version] Retrieved September 16, 2003 Retrieved September 16, 2003 URL:http://www.lamers-gmbh.de/picospritzer3.htmURL:http://www.lamers-gmbh.de/picospritzer3.htm “ “Eppendorf FemtoJet Microinjections System” Northwestern University Cell Imaging Eppendorf FemtoJet Microinjections System” Northwestern University Cell Imaging facility. [Electronic Version] Retrieved October 6, 2003 facility. [Electronic Version] Retrieved October 6, 2003 URL:http://www.feinberg.northwestern.edu/cif/femtojet.htmURL:http://www.feinberg.northwestern.edu/cif/femtojet.htm “ “What Is a Solenoid?” Detroit Coil Company. [Electronic Version] Retrieved October 6, What Is a Solenoid?” Detroit Coil Company. [Electronic Version] Retrieved October 6, 20032003URL: http://www.detroitcoil.com/whatis.htmURL: http://www.detroitcoil.com/whatis.htmThe Lee Company. Essex, CT. http://www.theleeco.comThe Lee Company. Essex, CT. http://www.theleeco.com