Clicker Question #1 1. What compound directly provides energy for cellular work? A. DNA B. C 6 H 12...
-
Upload
maximillian-hopkins -
Category
Documents
-
view
219 -
download
3
Transcript of Clicker Question #1 1. What compound directly provides energy for cellular work? A. DNA B. C 6 H 12...
![Page 1: Clicker Question #1 1. What compound directly provides energy for cellular work? A. DNA B. C 6 H 12 O 6 C. glucose D. ATP E. fat.](https://reader035.fdocuments.net/reader035/viewer/2022062515/56649d0b5503460f949de42e/html5/thumbnails/1.jpg)
Clicker Question #1
1. What compound directly provides energy for cellular work?
A. DNA B. C6H12O6 C. glucose D. ATP E. fat
![Page 2: Clicker Question #1 1. What compound directly provides energy for cellular work? A. DNA B. C 6 H 12 O 6 C. glucose D. ATP E. fat.](https://reader035.fdocuments.net/reader035/viewer/2022062515/56649d0b5503460f949de42e/html5/thumbnails/2.jpg)
Energy ConversionFuel rich inchemicalenergy
Energy conversionWaste productspoor in chemical
energy
Gasoline
Oxygen
Carbon dioxide
WaterEnergy conversion in a car
Energy for cellular work
Energy conversion in a cell
Heatenergy
Heatenergy
Carbon dioxide
Water
Food
Oxygen
Combustion
Cellularrespiration
Kinetic energy
of movement
ATP
![Page 3: Clicker Question #1 1. What compound directly provides energy for cellular work? A. DNA B. C 6 H 12 O 6 C. glucose D. ATP E. fat.](https://reader035.fdocuments.net/reader035/viewer/2022062515/56649d0b5503460f949de42e/html5/thumbnails/3.jpg)
Cellular RespirationCellular respiration: A catabolic energy yielding pathway in which oxygen and organic fuels are consumed and ATP is produced
• An aerobic process—it requires oxygen
Organic + Oxygen Carbon + Water + EnergyCompounds
Dioxide
Summary equations:
![Page 4: Clicker Question #1 1. What compound directly provides energy for cellular work? A. DNA B. C 6 H 12 O 6 C. glucose D. ATP E. fat.](https://reader035.fdocuments.net/reader035/viewer/2022062515/56649d0b5503460f949de42e/html5/thumbnails/4.jpg)
Cellular Respiration
C6H12O6 CO2O2 H2O
Glucose Oxygen Carbondioxide
Water
6 66
Reduction
Oxidation
Oxygen gains electrons (and hydrogens)
Glucose loses electrons(and hydrogens)
•By oxidizing glucose, energy is taken out of “storage” and made available for ATP synthesis
![Page 5: Clicker Question #1 1. What compound directly provides energy for cellular work? A. DNA B. C 6 H 12 O 6 C. glucose D. ATP E. fat.](https://reader035.fdocuments.net/reader035/viewer/2022062515/56649d0b5503460f949de42e/html5/thumbnails/5.jpg)
3 metabolic stages:
*glycolysis *Krebs cycle
*electron transport chain and oxidative phosphorylation
*Substrate-level phosphorylation
*Oxidative phosphorylation
Cellular Respiration
![Page 6: Clicker Question #1 1. What compound directly provides energy for cellular work? A. DNA B. C 6 H 12 O 6 C. glucose D. ATP E. fat.](https://reader035.fdocuments.net/reader035/viewer/2022062515/56649d0b5503460f949de42e/html5/thumbnails/6.jpg)
Cytoplasm
Cytoplasm
Animal cell Plant cell
Mitochondrion
High-energyelectronscarriedby NADH
High-energyelectrons carriedmainly byNADH
CitricAcidCycle
ElectronTransport
Glycolysis
Glucose2
Pyruvicacid
ATP ATP ATP
Figure 6.6
CytoplasmCytoplasm
Cytoplasm
Animal cell Plant cell
Mitochondrion
Mitochondrion
High-energyelectronscarried
by NADH
High-energyelectrons carried
mainly byNADH
CitricAcidCycle
ElectronTransport
Glycolysis
ATP ATP ATP2 2 ~34~38 ATP per
glucose
![Page 7: Clicker Question #1 1. What compound directly provides energy for cellular work? A. DNA B. C 6 H 12 O 6 C. glucose D. ATP E. fat.](https://reader035.fdocuments.net/reader035/viewer/2022062515/56649d0b5503460f949de42e/html5/thumbnails/7.jpg)
Metabolic Disequilibrium
*Multi-step open system
![Page 8: Clicker Question #1 1. What compound directly provides energy for cellular work? A. DNA B. C 6 H 12 O 6 C. glucose D. ATP E. fat.](https://reader035.fdocuments.net/reader035/viewer/2022062515/56649d0b5503460f949de42e/html5/thumbnails/8.jpg)
Glycolysis harvests chemical energy by oxidizing glucose to pyruvate
![Page 9: Clicker Question #1 1. What compound directly provides energy for cellular work? A. DNA B. C 6 H 12 O 6 C. glucose D. ATP E. fat.](https://reader035.fdocuments.net/reader035/viewer/2022062515/56649d0b5503460f949de42e/html5/thumbnails/9.jpg)
Glycolysis: Energy Investment Phase
1) Glucose is phosphorylated
2) G-6-P is rearranged
3) Addition of another phosphate group
5) Conversion b/w the 2 3-carbon sugars
4) Cleavage into 2 3-carbon sugars
![Page 10: Clicker Question #1 1. What compound directly provides energy for cellular work? A. DNA B. C 6 H 12 O 6 C. glucose D. ATP E. fat.](https://reader035.fdocuments.net/reader035/viewer/2022062515/56649d0b5503460f949de42e/html5/thumbnails/10.jpg)
6) Two components: *electron transfer *Phosphate group addition
Glycolysis: Energy Payoff Phase
7) ATP production
8) Rearrangement of phosphate group
9) Loss of water
10) ATP production
![Page 11: Clicker Question #1 1. What compound directly provides energy for cellular work? A. DNA B. C 6 H 12 O 6 C. glucose D. ATP E. fat.](https://reader035.fdocuments.net/reader035/viewer/2022062515/56649d0b5503460f949de42e/html5/thumbnails/11.jpg)
Fermentation enables cell to produce ATP w/o O2
aerobicanaerobic
*Fermentation generates ATP by substrate-level phosphorylation
![Page 12: Clicker Question #1 1. What compound directly provides energy for cellular work? A. DNA B. C 6 H 12 O 6 C. glucose D. ATP E. fat.](https://reader035.fdocuments.net/reader035/viewer/2022062515/56649d0b5503460f949de42e/html5/thumbnails/12.jpg)
aerobicanaerobic
The presence or absence of O2 dictates the fate of pyruvate
![Page 13: Clicker Question #1 1. What compound directly provides energy for cellular work? A. DNA B. C 6 H 12 O 6 C. glucose D. ATP E. fat.](https://reader035.fdocuments.net/reader035/viewer/2022062515/56649d0b5503460f949de42e/html5/thumbnails/13.jpg)
The Krebs cycle: energy-yielding oxidation
The junction b/w glycolysis and the Krebs cycle:
Multienzyme complex:
1) Removal of CO2 2) Electron transfer *pyruvate dehydrogenase 3) Addition of CoA
![Page 14: Clicker Question #1 1. What compound directly provides energy for cellular work? A. DNA B. C 6 H 12 O 6 C. glucose D. ATP E. fat.](https://reader035.fdocuments.net/reader035/viewer/2022062515/56649d0b5503460f949de42e/html5/thumbnails/14.jpg)
The Krebs cycle: energy-yielding oxidation
1) Addition of 2 Carbons Citrate
synthase 2)
Isomerization Aconitase
3) *Loss of CO2 *electron transfer
Isocitrate dehydrogenase
4) *Loss of CO2 *electron
transfer a-ketoglutarate
dehydrogenase5) substrate-level
phosphorylation Succinyl CoA-synthetase
6) electron transfer Succinate
dehydrogenase
7) Rearrangement
of bonds Fumarase
8) electron transfer Malate dehydrogenase
![Page 15: Clicker Question #1 1. What compound directly provides energy for cellular work? A. DNA B. C 6 H 12 O 6 C. glucose D. ATP E. fat.](https://reader035.fdocuments.net/reader035/viewer/2022062515/56649d0b5503460f949de42e/html5/thumbnails/15.jpg)
Electron transport and ATP synthesis
*Multi-step open system
![Page 16: Clicker Question #1 1. What compound directly provides energy for cellular work? A. DNA B. C 6 H 12 O 6 C. glucose D. ATP E. fat.](https://reader035.fdocuments.net/reader035/viewer/2022062515/56649d0b5503460f949de42e/html5/thumbnails/16.jpg)
Generation and maintenance of an H+ gradient*Exergonic flow of e-, pumps H+ across the membrane*chemiosmosis
high energy electrons
![Page 17: Clicker Question #1 1. What compound directly provides energy for cellular work? A. DNA B. C 6 H 12 O 6 C. glucose D. ATP E. fat.](https://reader035.fdocuments.net/reader035/viewer/2022062515/56649d0b5503460f949de42e/html5/thumbnails/17.jpg)
*How does the mitochondrion couple electron transport and ATP synthesis?
ATP synthase
![Page 18: Clicker Question #1 1. What compound directly provides energy for cellular work? A. DNA B. C 6 H 12 O 6 C. glucose D. ATP E. fat.](https://reader035.fdocuments.net/reader035/viewer/2022062515/56649d0b5503460f949de42e/html5/thumbnails/18.jpg)
Versatility of Cellular Respiration
Food
Polysaccharides Fats Proteins
SugarsGlycerol Fatty acids
Amino acids
Glycolysis AcetylCoA
CitricAcidCycle
ElectronTransport
ATP
– In addition to glucose, cellular respiration can “burn”:• Diverse types of carbohydrates• Fats• Proteins