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Cellular Structure and Function

Section 1: Cell Discovery and Theory

Section 2: The Plasma Membrane

Section 3: Structures and Organelles

Section 4: Cellular Transport

The Cell Theory

All organisms are composed of one or more cells.

Cell Discovery and Theory

Cellular Structure and Function

The cell is the basic unit of structure and organization of organisms.

Section 1

All cells come from preexisting cells.

Cellular Structure and Function

Light Microscopes

Utilizes a series of glass lenses and visible light to magnify an image

Magnifies images up to 1,000 times the actual size

Cell Discovery and Theory

CMCD/Getty Images

Section 1

Electron Microscopes

Cellular Structure and Function

Utilizes magnets to aim a beam of electrons ata cell to produce an image

Magnifies images up to 500,000 times the actual size

Cell Discovery and Theory

MedicalRF.com/Getty Images

Section 1

Prokaryotic Cell

Simple structure

Cellular Structure and Function

Contains a plasma membrane

Does not contain membrane-bound organelles

Cell Discovery and Theory

Steven P. Lynch

Section 1

Eukaryotic Cell

More complex structure

Cellular Structure and Function

Contains a plasma membrane

Contains membrane-bound organelles

Cell Discovery and Theory

The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc./Al Telser, photographer

Section 1

Plasma Membrane Thin, flexible boundary between the cell

and its environment

The Plasma Membrane

Cellular Structure and Function

Allows nutrients into the cell Allows waste to leave the cell

Section 1

Selective Permeability

Cellular Structure and Function

The plasma membrane controls the movement of substances into and out of the cell.

Plasma Membrane Controls the amount of a

substance entering the cell

Controls the amount of a substance leaving the cell

The Plasma Membrane

Section 2

The plasma membrane is composed of the phospholipid bilayer.

Cellular Structure and Function

A phospholipid molecule is composed of a glycerol backbone, two fatty acid chains, and a phosphate group.

The Plasma Membrane

Section 2

Fluid Mosaic Model

Cellular Structure and Function

The phospholipid bilayer allows other molecules to “float” in the membrane.

Other Components Proteins Cholesterol Carbohydrates

The Plasma Membrane

Section 2

Proteins

Cellular Structure and Function

Transmit signals inside the cell Act as a support structure Provide pathways for substances to enter and

leave

The Plasma Membrane

Section 2

Cholesterol

Cellular Structure and Function

Prevents fatty acid tails from sticking together

The Plasma Membrane

Section 2

Carbohydrates

Cellular Structure and Function

Identify chemical signals

The Plasma Membrane

Section 2

Cellular Structure and FunctionSection 2