Uthman (r)Uthman (r)Assassination, Legacy, and viewsAssassination, Legacy, and views

A.S. Hashim, MDA.S. Hashim, MD

From wikipedia.comFrom wikipedia.com

Sources of ReferenceSources of Reference

ibn Hisham,Uthman bin Affan, the Third Khalifa of Islam by, Abdul Basit. Hilya al-Awliya, Abu Nu’aym, Uthman ibn Affan: The Man With Two Lights (Part Two) The Murder of the Khalifa Uthman, M. Hinds, The Arabs in History, Oxford University Press, 2002 Encyclopædia Britannica The Early Islamic Conquests, Fred Donner, Princeton 1981 A Restatement of the History of Islam and Muslims The Cambridge History of Islam, Bernard Lewis, The Succession to MuhammadMakers of Arab History By Philip Khuri Hitti.

In this Slide ShowIn this Slide Show

Ibn al-Musayyib relatesIbn al-Musayyib relatesManner of AssassinationManner of AssassinationThe funeralThe funeralUthman’s BurialUthman’s BurialLegacyLegacyViews: Bernard Lewis,Views: Bernard Lewis,Views: David Samuel MargoliouthViews: David Samuel MargoliouthViews: E. A. BelyaevViews: E. A. BelyaevViews: Ali Asgher RazwyViews: Ali Asgher Razwy

Uthman AssassinatedUthman Assassinated

The FuneralThe Funeral

The burialThe burialUthman’s LegacyUthman’s Legacy

Views of Western WritersViews of Western Writers

The Assassination The Assassination

The TragedyThe Tragedy

Ibn al-Musayyib relates:Ibn al-Musayyib relates:

Ibn al-Musayyib relates that:Ibn al-Musayyib relates that:a group of seven hundred Egyptians came to complain to Uthman a group of seven hundred Egyptians came to complain to Uthman about their governor Ibn Abi Sar’h’s tyranny, about their governor Ibn Abi Sar’h’s tyranny, so Uthman said: "Choose someone to govern you." so Uthman said: "Choose someone to govern you." They chose Muhammad ibn Abi Bakr, so Uthman wrote They chose Muhammad ibn Abi Bakr, so Uthman wrote credentials for him and they returned. credentials for him and they returned. On their way back, at three days’ distance from Medina, On their way back, at three days’ distance from Medina, a black slave caught up with them with the news that he carried a black slave caught up with them with the news that he carried orders from Uthman to the governor of Egypt. orders from Uthman to the governor of Egypt. They searched him and found a message from Uthman to Ibn Abi They searched him and found a message from Uthman to Ibn Abi Sar'h ordering the killing of Muhammad ibn Abi Bakr and some of Sar'h ordering the killing of Muhammad ibn Abi Bakr and some of his friends. his friends.

Ibn al-Musayyib relates: Ibn al-Musayyib relates: ContinuedContinued

They returned to Medina and besieged Uthman. They returned to Medina and besieged Uthman. Uthman acknowledged that:Uthman acknowledged that:

the camel, the camel, the slave, the slave, and the seal on the letter belonged to him, and the seal on the letter belonged to him, but Uthman swore that he had never written nor ordered the letter to be but Uthman swore that he had never written nor ordered the letter to be written. written.

It was discovered that the letter had been hand-written by Marwan It was discovered that the letter had been hand-written by Marwan ibn al-Hakam. ibn al-Hakam.

Uthman was besieged for twenty-two days during which he refused both Uthman was besieged for twenty-two days during which he refused both to give up Marwan or to resign. to give up Marwan or to resign. He was killed on the last day of Dhul Hijjah, on the day of Jumu'ah, by He was killed on the last day of Dhul Hijjah, on the day of Jumu'ah, by several men who had crept into his house. several men who had crept into his house.

Manner of AssassinationManner of Assassination

The gate of Uthman’s house was guarded by The gate of Uthman’s house was guarded by Al-Hasan, Al-Husain, Abdullah ibn Zubair, Marwan and a few Al-Hasan, Al-Husain, Abdullah ibn Zubair, Marwan and a few other persons. other persons. Open fighting now began between the rebels and the supporters Open fighting now began between the rebels and the supporters of Uthman. of Uthman. There were some casualties among the rebellious. There were some casualties among the rebellious.

Among the supporters of Uthman Among the supporters of Uthman Al-Hasan, Marwan and some other persons were wounded.Al-Hasan, Marwan and some other persons were wounded.

Some rebels led by Muhammad ibn Abu Bakr climbed the houses Some rebels led by Muhammad ibn Abu Bakr climbed the houses of the neighbors and then jumped into the house of Uthman. of the neighbors and then jumped into the house of Uthman. leaving the guards on the gate unaware of what was going on leaving the guards on the gate unaware of what was going on inside.inside.

Manner of AssassinationManner of Assassination

Uthman was reading the Holy Quran, and his wife Na'ila Uthman was reading the Holy Quran, and his wife Na'ila was by his side. was by his side. Some rebels entered the room of Uthman, but they could Some rebels entered the room of Uthman, but they could not decide what to do. not decide what to do.

The atmosphere must have been very tense, quite ominous.The atmosphere must have been very tense, quite ominous.

Then Muhammad ibn Abu Bakr entered the room, and he Then Muhammad ibn Abu Bakr entered the room, and he took hold of Uthman’s beard.took hold of Uthman’s beard.

Shaken, Uthman said to him, ”You are like a nephew to me, and Shaken, Uthman said to him, ”You are like a nephew to me, and you would be a betrayal to the memory of your father Abu Bakr if you would be a betrayal to the memory of your father Abu Bakr if you contemplate a violence against me”.you contemplate a violence against me”.As a result, Muhammad ibn Abu Bakr wavered, As a result, Muhammad ibn Abu Bakr wavered, and he walked out of the room without harming Uthman. and he walked out of the room without harming Uthman.

Interesting NarrationInteresting Narration

حيي بنت صفية مولى كنانة طريق من حجر ابن حيي أورد بنت صفية مولى كنانة طريق من حجر ابن ::أورد) قلت:قلت: من » ( بكر أبي بن محمد وتلوث تلطخ أي تدم'ى ) فهل من » ( بكر أبي بن محمد وتلوث تلطخ أي تدم'ى فهل

.» بشيء؟ «. دمه بشيء؟ دمه . : ! بصاحبي: » لست عثمان له فقال عليه دخل الله معاذ . قال : ! بصاحبي: » لست عثمان له فقال عليه دخل الله معاذ قال .» ( بشيء ( دمه من >ص;ب ي لم أي يرز ولم فخرج بكالم «. وكلمه ( بشيء ( دمه من >ص;ب ي لم أي يرز ولم فخرج بكالم وكلمه

: .» قال: » قتله؟ فمن : قلت .» قال: » قتله؟ فمن قلت « : قاتل» أنا يقول فجعل جبلة، له يقال مصر أهل من : » رجل قاتل» أنا يقول فجعل جبلة، له يقال مصر أهل من رجل

.( عثمان« ( يقصد ).نعثل عثمان« ( يقصد : نعثل .» « : قال يومئذ؟ عثمان فأين : قلت .» « : قال يومئذ؟ عثمان فأين قلت .» الدار» «. في الدار» في

« : من أسود K رجال الدار في عثمان قاتل رأيت كذلك كنانة : » وقال من أسود K رجال الدار في عثمان قاتل رأيت كذلك كنانة وقال .» : نعثل قاتل أنا يقول يديه، باسط جبلة، له يقال مصر «. أهل : نعثل قاتل أنا يقول يديه، باسط جبلة، له يقال مصر أهل

Interesting NarrationInteresting Narration

: قال أبيه عن عامر، أبي بن مالك بن الربيع :وعن قال أبيه عن عامر، أبي بن مالك بن الربيع وعنتوفي حين عفان بن عثمان حملة أحد توفي كنت حين عفان بن عثمان حملة أحد كنت

من بنا وإن به، إلسراعنا الباب يقرع رأسه وإن باب، على من حملناه بنا وإن به، إلسراعنا الباب يقرع رأسه وإن باب، على حملناه. كوكب حش في قبره في واريناه حتى عظيمKا، ا Kألمر .الخوف كوكب حش في قبره في واريناه حتى عظيمKا، ا Kألمر الخوفعلى جلس ممن سريره يرجم أن أراد من إلى علي' على وأرسل جلس ممن سريره يرجم أن أراد من إلى علي' وأرسل

. عنه فمنعهم بهم سمع لما . الطريق عنه فمنعهم بهم سمع لما الطريقوحبيب، جهم وأبو بيان قبره، في وحبيب، ونزل جهم وأبو بيان قبره، في ونزل

مالك،: بن وكعب ثابت، بن وزيد وطلحة علي جنازته شهد مالك،: وقيل بن وكعب ثابت، بن وزيد وطلحة علي جنازته شهد وقيل . أصحابه من . وعامة أصحابه من وعامة

: بدمائه، ثيابه في دفن عفان بن عثمان شهدت قال الحسن : وعن بدمائه، ثيابه في دفن عفان بن عثمان شهدت قال الحسن وعن. يغسل لم أنه البخاري .وفي يغسل لم أنه البخاري وفي

Manner of AssassinationManner of Assassination

Seeing this, some of the rebellious struck blows at the head of Uthman. Seeing this, some of the rebellious struck blows at the head of Uthman. Na'ila threw herself on the body of Uthman to protect him. Na'ila threw herself on the body of Uthman to protect him. She was pushed aside, and further blows were struck on Uthman till he She was pushed aside, and further blows were struck on Uthman till he was dead. was dead. Raising her hand to protect Uthman: Na’ila had two of her fingers Raising her hand to protect Uthman: Na’ila had two of her fingers chopped off chopped off Some slaves of Uthman fell on the person whose blows had killed Some slaves of Uthman fell on the person whose blows had killed Uthman and killed him. His name is subject of debate.Uthman and killed him. His name is subject of debate.There was some fighting between the rebellious and the supporters of There was some fighting between the rebellious and the supporters of Uthman. There were casualties on both the sides. Uthman. There were casualties on both the sides. Chaos prevailed for some time. Chaos prevailed for some time. When the women raised loud lamentations over the dead body of When the women raised loud lamentations over the dead body of Uthman, the rebellious left the house.Uthman, the rebellious left the house.

Soon After the AssassinationSoon After the Assassination

After the assassination of Uthman, After the assassination of Uthman, the rioters were keen that he be denied burial. the rioters were keen that he be denied burial. When some of the rioters came forward to the body of Uthman, When some of the rioters came forward to the body of Uthman, his two widows, Na'ilah and Ramlah bint Sheibah, covered him, his two widows, Na'ilah and Ramlah bint Sheibah, covered him, and raised loud cries which deterred the rioters.and raised loud cries which deterred the rioters.

When the women raised loud lamentations over the body of Uthman, When the women raised loud lamentations over the body of Uthman, the rebels left the house the rebels left the house and the supporters of Uthman at the gate hearing it, entered, but it and the supporters of Uthman at the gate hearing it, entered, but it was too late.was too late.

Thereafter the rioters maintained a presence around the house Thereafter the rioters maintained a presence around the house in order to prevent the dead body from being carried to the in order to prevent the dead body from being carried to the graveyard.graveyard.

The funeralThe funeral

After the body of Uthman had been in the house for three After the body of Uthman had been in the house for three days: days:

Na'ila, Uthman's wife, approached some of his supporters to help Na'ila, Uthman's wife, approached some of his supporters to help in his burial,in his burial, but only about a dozen people responded. but only about a dozen people responded.

The body was lifted at dusk, and because of the The body was lifted at dusk, and because of the blockade, no coffin could be procured. blockade, no coffin could be procured. The body was not washed before burial. The body was not washed before burial.

Thus Uthman’s body was carried to the graveyard Thus Uthman’s body was carried to the graveyard in the clothes that he was wearing in the clothes that he was wearing at the time of his assassination.at the time of his assassination.

Uthman’s FuneralUthman’s Funeral

According to one account:According to one account:when the rioters came to know that the body was being when the rioters came to know that the body was being carried to the graveyard carried to the graveyard they gathered to stone the funeral, they gathered to stone the funeral, but Ali forbade them, or to resort to any such act, and but Ali forbade them, or to resort to any such act, and they withdrew.they withdrew.

According to another account, permission was According to another account, permission was obtained from Ali to bury the body. obtained from Ali to bury the body. Yet a third account states that the body was Yet a third account states that the body was carried to the graveyard in secret. carried to the graveyard in secret.

Uthman’s BurialUthman’s Burial

It was related by Abu Karib, who had been an official in charge of It was related by Abu Karib, who had been an official in charge of Uthman's treasury:Uthman's treasury:

Uthman was buried at twilight. Uthman was buried at twilight. Only Marwan b. al-Hakam, three of his free men, and his fifth Only Marwan b. al-Hakam, three of his free men, and his fifth daughter were present at his funeral. daughter were present at his funeral. His daughter wailed in mourning and raised her voice in lament for His daughter wailed in mourning and raised her voice in lament for him. him. The people took stones and hooted: Na’thal The people took stones and hooted: Na’thal نعثلنعثل “ “meaning Bushy-meaning Bushy-bearded old man! She was nearly stoned. bearded old man! She was nearly stoned. Then they said, "(Go to] the compound, the compound." And thus Then they said, "(Go to] the compound, the compound." And thus he was interred in a compound outside [Medina].he was interred in a compound outside [Medina].

He was buried in the Jewish graveyard behind Jannat al-Baqi’. He was buried in the Jewish graveyard behind Jannat al-Baqi’.

Uthman’s BurialUthman’s Burial

The funeral prayers were led by Jabir bin Muta'am, The funeral prayers were led by Jabir bin Muta'am, and the body was lowered into the grave without much of a and the body was lowered into the grave without much of a ceremony.ceremony.After burial, Na'ila the widow of Uthman and Ayesha the daughter After burial, Na'ila the widow of Uthman and Ayesha the daughter of Uthman wanted to speak,of Uthman wanted to speak, but they were advised to remain quiet due to possible danger but they were advised to remain quiet due to possible danger from the rioters.from the rioters.

Some decades later, Some decades later, the Umayya rulers destroyed the wall of the Jewish cemetery the Umayya rulers destroyed the wall of the Jewish cemetery and widened the Muslim graveyard to make his tomb inside.and widened the Muslim graveyard to make his tomb inside.

LegacyLegacy

Islamic history, particularly Sunni history, remembers Islamic history, particularly Sunni history, remembers Uthman in positive terms, Uthman in positive terms,

calling him handsome, generous, and plain rather than calling him handsome, generous, and plain rather than luxurious. luxurious. Uthman was well known for his reported generosity. Uthman was well known for his reported generosity. During Muhammad's time, while in Medina, he financed :During Muhammad's time, while in Medina, he financed :

the project for the construction of the Al-Masjid al-the project for the construction of the Al-Masjid al-Nabawi Nabawi and purchased the well Beer Rauma, which he and purchased the well Beer Rauma, which he dedicated to the free use of all Muslims. dedicated to the free use of all Muslims. Uthman’s generosity continued after he became Uthman’s generosity continued after he became Khalifa.Khalifa.

LegacyLegacy

Islamic history, particularly Sunni history, remembers Uthman in Islamic history, particularly Sunni history, remembers Uthman in positive terms, positive terms,

Uthman apparently led a simple life even after becoming the Uthman apparently led a simple life even after becoming the Khalifa of the Rashidoon Empire, Khalifa of the Rashidoon Empire, though it would have been easy for a successful businessman though it would have been easy for a successful businessman such as him to lead a luxurious life.such as him to lead a luxurious life.The Khalifas were paid for their services from the public treasury, The Khalifas were paid for their services from the public treasury, but Uthman did not take any salary for his services, but Uthman did not take any salary for his services, as he was independently wealthy. as he was independently wealthy. Uthman also developed a custom to free slaves every Friday, Uthman also developed a custom to free slaves every Friday, look after the widows and orphans, look after the widows and orphans, and give unlimited charity. and give unlimited charity.

LegacyLegacy

Uthman wasn't completely plain and simple, Uthman wasn't completely plain and simple, Uthman built a Palace for himself in Medina, known as Al-Uthman built a Palace for himself in Medina, known as Al-Zawar, Zawar,

with a notable feature being doors of precious wood. with a notable feature being doors of precious wood. though Uthman paid for the Palace with his own money, though Uthman paid for the Palace with his own money,

Shi'a Muslims consider this as his first step towards ruling Shi'a Muslims consider this as his first step towards ruling like a King. like a King. Uthman's sister Amna bint Affan was married to Abdul Uthman's sister Amna bint Affan was married to Abdul Rahman bin Awf, Rahman bin Awf,

one of the close companions of Muhammad.one of the close companions of Muhammad.

Views:Views: Bernard Lewis, Bernard Lewis,

Uthman soon fell under the influence of the dominant Uthman soon fell under the influence of the dominant Meccan families Meccan families

and one after another of the high posts of the Empire went to and one after another of the high posts of the Empire went to members of those families.members of those families.The weakness and nepotism of Uthman brought to a head the The weakness and nepotism of Uthman brought to a head the resentment which had for some time been stirring obscurely resentment which had for some time been stirring obscurely among the Arab warriors. among the Arab warriors.

The Muslim tradition attribute the breakdown which The Muslim tradition attribute the breakdown which occurred during his reign to the personal defects of occurred during his reign to the personal defects of Uthman. Uthman. But the causes lie far deeper and the guilt of Uthman lay But the causes lie far deeper and the guilt of Uthman lay in his failure to recognize, control, or remedy them.in his failure to recognize, control, or remedy them.

Views:Views: David Samuel MargoliouthDavid Samuel Margoliouth

Uthman was no fighting man, Uthman was no fighting man, as his subsequent history proved, as his subsequent history proved,

for he shirked one battlefield, for he shirked one battlefield,

ran away from another, ran away from another,

and was killed, priest-like, ostentatiously and was killed, priest-like, ostentatiously reading the Koran reading the Koran

Views:Views: E. A. Belyaev E. A. Belyaev

Uthman's acquisitiveness and business talents gained full scope Uthman's acquisitiveness and business talents gained full scope when he became Khalifa. when he became Khalifa. He built himself a stone house in Medina He built himself a stone house in Medina

with doors of precious wood with doors of precious wood and acquired much real estate in that city, and acquired much real estate in that city, including gardens and water sources.including gardens and water sources.He had a large income from his fruit plantations in He had a large income from his fruit plantations in

Wadi-ul-Qura, Hunain and other places, Wadi-ul-Qura, Hunain and other places, That were valued at 100,000 Dinars, That were valued at 100,000 Dinars, besides large herds of horses and camels on these estates.besides large herds of horses and camels on these estates.

Multiplying his riches at the expense of the Muslim treasury,Multiplying his riches at the expense of the Muslim treasury,

Views:Views: E. A. Belyaev E. A. Belyaev

Uthman also gave Uthman also gave free use of the Treasury to some of the closest free use of the Treasury to some of the closest companions of Muhammad, companions of Muhammad, attempting to justify his illegal actions attempting to justify his illegal actions by associating these most authoritative veteran by associating these most authoritative veteran Moslems with his own depredations. Moslems with his own depredations. The "companions" applauded the Khalifa The "companions" applauded the Khalifa Uthman for his generosity and magnanimity, Uthman for his generosity and magnanimity, no doubt for solid reasons of self-interest.no doubt for solid reasons of self-interest.

Views:Views: E. A. Belyaev E. A. Belyaev

Zubair ibn al-Awwam, for example, one of the better Zubair ibn al-Awwam, for example, one of the better known amongst them, known amongst them,

built tenement houses in Kufa, Basra, Fustat and Alexandria. built tenement houses in Kufa, Basra, Fustat and Alexandria. His property was estimated at 50,000 Dinars, His property was estimated at 50,000 Dinars, in addition to which he possessed 1000 horses and 1000 slaves.in addition to which he possessed 1000 horses and 1000 slaves.

Another Companion, Talha ibn Ubaidullah, Another Companion, Talha ibn Ubaidullah, built a large tenement house in Kufabuilt a large tenement house in Kufaand acquired estates in Iraq and acquired estates in Iraq which brought in a daily 1000 Dinars; which brought in a daily 1000 Dinars; he also built a luxurious house of brick and precious wood in he also built a luxurious house of brick and precious wood in MedinaMedina

Views:Views: E. A. Belyaev E. A. Belyaev

Abdul Rahman ibn Auf, also an Abdul Rahman ibn Auf, also an outstanding Companion, and Brother-in-outstanding Companion, and Brother-in-Law of Uthman:Law of Uthman:

also built himself a rich and spacious dwelling; also built himself a rich and spacious dwelling;

his stables contained 100 horses his stables contained 100 horses

and his pastures 1000 camels and 10,000 and his pastures 1000 camels and 10,000 sheep,sheep,

and one quarter of the inheritance he left after and one quarter of the inheritance he left after his death was valued at 84,000 Dinars.. his death was valued at 84,000 Dinars..

Views:Views: Ali Asgher Razwy Ali Asgher Razwy

Uthman's election as Khalifa was a triumph of capitalism. Uthman's election as Khalifa was a triumph of capitalism. Omar had conceived the plan of "Shura" (electoral committee), Omar had conceived the plan of "Shura" (electoral committee), and he had charged Abdul Rahman bin Auf with the duty of and he had charged Abdul Rahman bin Auf with the duty of implementing it. implementing it. As chairman of the committee, Abdul Rahman made it a condition-As chairman of the committee, Abdul Rahman made it a condition-precedent:precedent:that a candidate for Khilaafah would obey not only the Book of God that a candidate for Khilaafah would obey not only the Book of God and would follow the Sunnah of His Messenger,and would follow the Sunnah of His Messenger,but also, would follow the regulations of Abu Bakr and Omar. but also, would follow the regulations of Abu Bakr and Omar. He thus put the deeds of Abu Bakr and Omar at par with the Book He thus put the deeds of Abu Bakr and Omar at par with the Book of God and the Sunnah of His Apostle.  of God and the Sunnah of His Apostle. 

Views:Views: Ali Asgher Razwy Ali Asgher Razwy

Uthman loved the members of his own clan, the Benu Uthman loved the members of his own clan, the Benu Umayya, to a point where his love became an obsession. Umayya, to a point where his love became an obsession.

The Umayya were the arch-enemies of Islam, The Umayya were the arch-enemies of Islam, and they had fought against its Prophet for more than two and they had fought against its Prophet for more than two decades. decades. Now suddenly, Uthman made them masters of the empire of the Now suddenly, Uthman made them masters of the empire of the Muslims.Muslims.He himself became their puppet, and they took the reins of the He himself became their puppet, and they took the reins of the government in their own hands.government in their own hands.The real rulers of the empire, in the Khilaafah of Uthman, were The real rulers of the empire, in the Khilaafah of Uthman, were Marwan Marwan (the cousin and son-in-law of Uthman)(the cousin and son-in-law of Uthman) and Hakam bin Abul- and Hakam bin Abul-Aas Aas (Uthman's uncle and Marwan's father).(Uthman's uncle and Marwan's father).

Views:Views: Ali Asgher Razwy Ali Asgher Razwy

Uthman opened the gates of the public treasury to his Uthman opened the gates of the public treasury to his relatives. relatives.

He gave them rich presents,He gave them rich presents,vast estates vast estates and high ranks. and high ranks. Then, as if he had not done enough for them,Then, as if he had not done enough for them,

he forbade the citizens of Medina to graze their camels and cattle in he forbade the citizens of Medina to graze their camels and cattle in the pastures around the city. the pastures around the city.

These pastures had been made a public endowment by the These pastures had been made a public endowment by the Prophet Prophet

but according to the new ordinance of Uthman, only those animals but according to the new ordinance of Uthman, only those animals could graze in them which belonged either to himself or to the Banu could graze in them which belonged either to himself or to the Banu Umayya. Umayya.

In ConclusionIn Conclusion

Discussed in this slide show are:Discussed in this slide show are:Ibn al-Musayyib relatesManner of AssassinationThe funeral and the burialLegacyViews: Bernard Lewis,Views: David Samuel MargoliouthViews: E. A. BelyaevViews: Ali Asgher Razwy

Finally we quote the Quran:Finally we quote the Quran:

By the Token of Time By the Token of Time

Verily Man is in loss,Verily Man is in loss,

Except those who Except those who believe and do good believe and do good works, and exhort one works, and exhort one another to Truth and another to Truth and exhort one another to exhort one another to patience.patience.

ال̀رح_من; الله; ; م ;س_ ال̀رح_من; ب الله; ; م ;س_ ب

; ;ال̀رح;يم ال̀رح;يم

_عaص_ر; _عaص_ر;وaال وaال

; ا ;̀ن ; إ ا ;̀ن رc الالإ خ>س_ aف;ي ل aان aنس cر خ>س_ aف;ي ل aان aنس

; ;إ >وا الالإ وaعaم;ل >وا آمaن aوا ال̀ذ;ين< وaعaم;ل >وا آمaن aال̀ذ;ينaوaاصaو_ا وaت ;حaات; aوaاصaو_ا ال̀صال وaت ;حaات; ال̀صال

_ر; ;ال̀صب ب aوaاصaو_ا وaت eقaح_ ;ال _ر; ب ;ال̀صب ب aوaاصaو_ا وaت eقaح_ ;ال ب

THANK YOUTHANK YOU

Be in Allah’s CareBe in Allah’s Care

Dr. A.S. HashimDr. A.S. Hashim