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2 2 3 5 * ' 4 0 l@ g m a i l - 1 Room(

QHUSSREFERENCEJ u l y 31,1934. f l g s s g l a A . CLEMENT!BoMB'sIGHT

F i l e d A p r i l 1 2 . 1 9 3 2

f

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'Patented < J u l y 3 1 , 1934-

V 1 ` > A T E N T p o r r i C EU N I T E - o STATES1 , 9 3 8 , 1 2 7BOMBIGHT .

A n t o n i o C l e m e n t i , V i e n n a , A u s t r i a , a s s l g n o r t ot h e ?rm c t i c n g e s e l l s c h a f t C . P . Goetz O p t i s c h eAn s t a l t Actiova Spolecnost K. P . G o e t z Optick-yUstav, Bratislava, Czechoslovakia, a companyo f C z e c h o s l o v a k i aA p p l i c a t i o n A p r i l 1 2 , 1 9 3 2 , S e r i a l N o . 6 0 4 , 7 9 5In G erma n y A p r i l 2 0 , 1 9 3 1

2 C l a i m s . ( C l . 3HE-5)T he o b j e c t o t the p r e s e n t i n v e n t i o n i s t o prov i d e a n apparatus i o r d e t e r m i n i n g r e a d i L y , - ` r e l i ~_ a b l y a n d without the use o f a n a u x i l i a r y t a r g e tt he angle a t which a n object such a s a bomb, al p o s t b a g or the l i k e ha s t o b e dropped from a n

~ air craft for hitting a r e d e t ermi n e d point.With h i s o b j e c t i n v i e w , a c c o r d i n g t o t h e p r e se n t i n v e n t i o n t h e aiming p p a r a t u s c o m p r i s e s t wosighting rules rotatably mounted on a horizontal1 0 p i v o t pin c a r r y i n g a s i g h t i n g mark common t o

both of t he said r u l e s . T h e s e t w o rules a re rot a t e d b y _ h a n d i n o p p o s i t e d i r e c t i o n s during ag i v e n p e r i o d o f t i m e , a d j u s t a b l e a t w i l l , i n such am a n n e r that a s t he a i r c r a f t i l l e s toward the t a ru ; e t a l o n g a s t r a i g h t l i n e , t h e t a r g e t i s a l w a y s k e p tin the s i g h t i n g l i n e o f the f i r s t r u l e moved rearwardly from t s i n i t i a l p o s i t i o n , w h i l e t h e s i g h t i n gl i n e o f t h e o t h e r , t h e aiming r u l e , i s p o s i t i v e l y r ot a t e d forwards from t s i n i t i a l p o s i t i o n t o such a n_ . g g e x t e n t t h a t t h e a n g l e b e t w e e n t he sighting line ofthe aiming r u l e a n d the v e r t i c a l i s e q u a l t o theang le required i n order to h i t t he t a r g e t .T he drawing i l l u s t r a t e s b y w a y o f example a nembodiment o f the p r e s e n t i n v e n t i o n . F i g . 1 i lg 5 l u s t r a t e s t h e g e o m e t r i c a l p r i n c i p l e o f t h e p r e s e n tapparatus, F i g . 2 i s a s i d e elevation of t he aimingapparatus with a sighting r u l e guid e for high l t i - `t u d e s , F i g . 3 i s a plan v i e w - o f F i g . 2 a n d i g . 4 s atransverse section o f a sighting rule g ui de for high3 g a n g 3 l o w a l t i t u d e s , o n t h e l i n e l i v - I V , F i g s . 2an .In F i g . 1 , Ks i s a s i g h t i n g p o i n t i n the a x i s o fa p i v o t pi n common t o the i i r s t s i g h t i n g r u l eKQK n d the aiming r u l e KDKU. A t t h e momen t3 5 a t which t h e ' t a r g e t Z appears i n the s i g h t i n gl i n e o f t h e r s t s i g h t i n g > r u l e KDK' t h e prede

~ termined measuring period t b e g i n s , i ' o r instance1 0 s e c o n d s , d u r i n g which t h e r s t s i g h t i n g r u l ei s s o turned b y hand, say b y s h i f t i n g backwardso a support M f t h i s r u l e , that the t a r g e t i s kepti n t h i s s i g h t l i n e d u r i n g t h e whole mea suringp e r i o d . T h i s p r e d e t e r m i n e d measuring p e r i o d i sindependent o f the h e i g h t o f t h e a i r c r a f t abovet h e g r o u n d . At the e n d o f t h i s p e r i o d t h e p o i n t

l 4 g , M i l l have reached t h e p o s i t i o n M ', MM' beinge q u a l l t o S , a n d t h e r u l e KOK i l l have reachedt h e p o s i t i o n KQK'q t h e t a r g e t having moved, a si t w e r e , i n t o t h e p o s i t i o n Z ' , ZZ=vt b e i n g t h ed i s t a n c e by which t h e a i r c r a f t . f l y i n g h o r i z o n5 0 t a l l y w i t h t h e s p e e d v t o w a r d s t h e t a r g e t , ` h a sapproached t he target i n the measuring p e r i o d .T he o t h e r s i g h t i n g r u l e K e K ' u , t u r n i n g aroundt h e p o i n t K s , i s s i m u l t a n e o u s l y moved from i t sv e r t i c a l i n i t i a l p o s i t i o n i n a d i r e c t i o n o p p o s i t e t o5 5 t h a t o f t h e movement o f t h e r u l e ' KuK b y h i t t

s e n t e d by

i n g f o r w a r d l y i n a h o r i z o n t a l manner, i t s su pp o r t i n g p o i n t , which i s l o c a t e d above t h e h o r iz o n t a l l i n e o f movement o f the supporting pointM r below t h i s l a t t e r l i n e a t No or N'o respect i v e l y , according t o whe ther the a l t i t u d e o r time ' 3 0. or fall i s long or short respectively, so t h a t thissupporting point reaches in the measuring periodt the p o s i t i o n N1 or N i , t he d i s t a n c e s NQN@ a n d 'N i N ' i b e i n g e x a c t l y e q u a l t o t h e d i s t a n c e M M ' ,that i s t o sa y equal t o S . I f now at-the e n d o f 65t h e measuring p e r i o d t t h e forward movementof the supporting point N s automatically stopped then t he l i n e s KsNi or KnNi would i n d i c a t e by't h e i r p o i n t s o f i n t e r s e c t i o n Z"Z"1 r e s p e c t i v e l y .wi th the h o r i z o n t a l plane passing through the 70 i , Yt a r g e t , a t which p o i n t s a n o b j e c t dropped fromt h e a i r c r a f t a t the e n d o the measuring p e r i o dwould reach t h e s a i d h o r i z o n t a l p l a n e , p r o v i d e dt h e h o r i z o n t a l component o f t h e s p e e d o f t h e o b #ject were a t a l l t imes exactly th a t of t he hori- 75z o n t a l speed o f the a i r c r a f t , t h e d i s t a n c e bet w e e n the p o i n t s Z" a n d Z 1 a n d the point o f i n t e r s e c t i o n Zo o f a perpendicular from the a i rc r a f t w i t h t h e h o r i z o n t a l p l a n e p a s s i n g throughthe t a r g e t i s U T a n d vTi r e s p e c t i v e l y . Bu t ow - 50i n g t o the r e s i s t a n c e o f Y t h e a i r the o b j e c t throwno f f l a g s behind t he a i r c r a f t which moves witha constant s p e e d , b y a n a mou n t defined b y t hel a g g i n g a n g l e , t h e t a n g e n t o f which i s r e p r e

r r'n f nr e s p e c t i v e l y , w h e r e i n n i s t h e h e i g h t o f ' n i g h t.forhigh a l t i t u d e s or l o n g ' f a l l i n g times a n d H 00t h a t f o r low a l t i t u d e s o r s h o r t f a l l i n g t i m e s , a n dr a n d r ' r e s p e c t i v e l y a r e t h e d i s t a n c e s by whicht h e a c t u a l h i t t i n g p o i n t s ' Z ' r a n d Z ' 1 r r e s p e c t i v e l yare i n rear o 1 ' the t h e o r et i c a l h i t t i n g points 2"'and Z"1, respectively.For securing a s i g h t i n g as exact as p o s s i b l e theouter s i g h t v mark i s located as f a r a s p o s s i b l efrom the inner s i g h t mark Ku , that i s t o say notat the r u l e supporting point N r o r N r , but a t Kror K f f o r the i n i t i a l p o s i t i o n o f the dropping 1 0 0r u l e i n which the h i t t i n g p o i n t Z r i s a t a leggingdistance r f o r high a l t i t u d e s or long f a l l i n g timesa n d the h i t t i n g point Z ' r i s a t a l a g g i n g d i s t a n c e1 " i n r e a r o f the point o f i n t e r s e c t i o n Z 0 . Theref o r e . a t the moment o f dropping i f lagging i s 1 0 5t a k e n into account, t he sighting rule mustv b e int he position KsZ'r or KoZn, that i s to s a y , ont he sighting line 'KsKr-K", or KONnKfir. Iit he point K0 s at a distance C from the horic o n t a r g u i d e s ' s ' . ' o r t h e s u p p o r t i n g p o i n t o f me 1 1 0 ' i

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2 ` " - l ' Y j :,eea'arr u l e a n d t h e f a l l i n g t i m e s T s g r e a t e r - t h a n t h econstant measuring period t , i t follows from t hetwo riangles KnZZf and KoNnNi that: ;

'10

30

. t . ` v"40%) . ' a _T h i s e q u a t i o n g i v e s p o s i t i v e v a l u e s f o r T >t a n dn e g a t i v e v a l u e s f o r T The embodiment o f t h e p r e s e n t A a p p a r a t u sshown b y w a y o f example in F i g s . 2 t o 4 i s b a s e d kon he above e s t a b lish e d facts.The frame of t he a pp a r a t u s consists of a ve rt i c a l bar 1 a , a h o r i z o n t a l bar 1b p e r p e n d i c u l a rt h e r e t o a n d a curved bar 1 c . This frame i smount ed on the a i r chaft frame not shown , b yme a ns o f t wo j o u r n a l p i n s 1 d , 1 d c a r r i e d b y t h ev e r t i c a l b a r so to b e rotatable arou n d a v e r t i c a la x i s . This frame c a r r i e s a bracket 1e wi th . stud

10 f a s t in i t and provided wi th a horizontal rec" tang ular frame 1 1 , F i g . 3 , equipped with a s i g h ti n g wire t o which a s i g h t i n g b a l l 1 3 i s s e c u r e d .A p i n d l e 2 , p a r a l l e l t o t h e h o r i z o n t a l bar 1 bc a r r i e s on i t s smooth e f t part a n e x t e r n a l l y r i g h t `h a n d threaded tube 2 a ) r o t a t a b l e t h e r e o n , w h i l ei t s r i g h t or front part 2 b i s provided with a n ext e r n a l l e f t h a n d screw t h r e a d . T he s p i n d l e 2c a r r i e s b e t w e e n the s a i d screw threads t w o spur

_ wheels' e q u a l in di am et er, on e of which, 3a, i s

45

55

7 0

' . , 7 5

r i g i d l y connected t o the tube 2 a , while t h e o t h e r ,3 b . i s f a s t on the s p i n d l e 2 i t s e l f . Both spurwheels mesh wi th a spur w h e e l 4 f a s t on a shaft5 p a r a l l e l t o the s p i n d l e 2 a n d actuated by aclockwork 1 8 having a constant predeterminedr u n n i n g p e r i o d , namely t h e m e a s u r i n g p e r i o dabove r e f e r r e d t o . T he s h a f t 5 i s a x i a l l y movablein such a manner that at the e n d o f the m e a su r i n g p e r i o d the spur wheel 4 i s a u t o m a t i c a l l ythrown ou t o f e n g a g eme n t with the spur wheel 3bs o that the l a t t e r may e turned f u r t h e r b y thehandle d i s c 2c a t t he e f t hand n d o f t he spindlewhile the spur whee l 3a on the threaded tu b e 2aremains i n e n g a g e m e n t with the spur wheel 4which i s stopped a s soon a s t he clockwork i ss t o p p e d .A ut 6 locked against r o t a t i o n on the threadedt u b e 2 a c a r r i e s a V e r t i c a l arm a . In the bottoma n d top e n d s 6 a ' a n d 6 a r e s p e c t i v e l y a screws p i n d l e 7 i s j o u r n a l l e d . A n ut 8 l o c k e d a g a i n s tr o t a t i o n on the screw s p i n d l e ' I i s provided witht r u n n i o n s 8 a . By t u r n i n g t h e screw s p i n d l e ' 7b y m e a n s o f a h a n d d i s c ' l a secured t h e r e t o a n da s t a t i o n a r y pointer 6 b ' , the nut 8 may b e a dj u s t e d a l o n g the v e r t i c a l s c a l e 6 b graduated b yu n i t s o f time t o i n d i c a t e the a l t i t u d e o r time o ff a l l i n g o f t h e o b j e c t . T he t r u n n i o n s 8a engagei n t o l o n g i t u d i n a l s l o t s 14h i n t he t wo halves o fthe forked e n d o f the s i g h t i n g r u l e 1 4 pivoted onthe stud 1 0 a n d guided on the arc o f a c i r c l e 1 ca n d c a r r y i n g t h e o u t e r dropping p o i n t e r 1 4 e .A n u t 9 locked against rotation on t he screws p i n d i e 2b c a r r i e s a pinperpendicular t o s a i ds p i n d l e a n d engaging i n t o t h e s l o t 1 5 a o f the i r s tr u l e 1 5 which _ i s p i v o i e d on the stud 1 3 a n d

g ui ded on t he arc of a c i r c l e 1c t he same a s t hes i g h t i n g r u l e 1 4 a n d c e r r i e s t h e o u t e r s i g h t i n g

mark 1 4 e . B y t u r n i n g t h e ha n d d i s c 2 c 4 t h e t wor u l e s 1 _ 4 kand 1 5 are brought i n t o r t h e i r i n i t i a l lp o s i t i o n s b e f o r e t h e b e g i m i i n g ofthe measuringp e r i o d . ' I h e dropping r u l e 1 4 i s a d j u s t e d t o i t si n i t i a l p o s i t i o n by p r o p e r l y t u r n i n g t h e c l o c k w o r k 8 018 u n t i l t he stop 14a s t r i k e s against t he e n d o fthe screw s p i n d l e 1 7 adjusted t o the proper l a gg i n g a n g l e b y m e a n s o f the s c a l e 1g f o r roughadjustment a n d s c a l e 17a f o r i i n e a d j u s t m e n t .The operation o f t he apparatus hereinbefore 8 5d e s c r i b e d i s v e r y s i m p l e . vBy s h i f t i n g t h e s h a f t 5b y me a ns o i ' t he handle 5a the spur whee l 4 i sb r o u g h t i n t o engagement with t h e s p u r w h e e l 3 b ,whereupon t h e g e a r i n g 3 a , 3 b , 4 i s a c t u a t e d by

the h a n d d i s c 2 c .d i s c 7 a , the p o s i t i o n o f the trunnions 8a i s a dj u s t e d b y me a ns o f the s c a l e s 6 b a n d 6 b ' i n a ccordance w ith the a l t i t u d e or time o f f a l l o f theo b j e c t . T h e n by p r o p e r l y t u r n i n g t h e s c r e wt h r e a d s 2 a , 2b b y the handle d i s c 2c the t wo 9 5s i g h t i n g r u l e s a r e brought v i n t o t h e i n i t i a l p o s it i o n s o t h a t the o u t e r s i g h t i n g p o i n t 1 4 e r e a c h e st h e p o s i t i o n 1 4 e ' a n d t h e o u t e r _ s i g h t i n g p o i n t 1 5 or e a c h e s t h e p o s i t i o n 1 5 e . Thereafter the ' a i rc r a f t i s caused to i l y d i r e c t l y towards the t a r g e t 100a n d a t the moment w h e n the t a r g e t appears i nthe f i r s t sighting l i n e 1 3 , 1 5 c , t h a t i s to sa y KOKo f F i g . v 1 , t h e c l o c k w o r k 1 8 i s s t a r t e d by a c t u a t i n ga button 5b a n d then the t a r g e t i s kept i n thes i g h t i n g l i n e - d u r i n g t h e e n t i r e m e a s u r i n g p e r i o d 1 0 5by p r o p e r l y a c t u a t i n g t h e h a n d d i s c 2 c . Therebythe f i r s t s i g h t i n g r u l e 1 5 i s turned s o f a r that i t so u t e r s i g h t i n g p o i n t comes from t h e p o s i t i o n 1 5 e 'i n t o t h e p o s i t i o n 15e a n d the dropping r u l e . 1 4 i st ur n e d so fa r that i t s outer sighting point comes 110 ~from t h e p o s i t i o n 1 4 o i n t o the p o s i t i o n 1 4 e . A tthe endl o f t he measuring period the clockworka u t o m a t i c a l l y s h i f t s back t h e s h a f t 5 a n d d i s e ng ag es the spur w h e e l 4 from the spur wheel 3bs o that the o u t e r s i g h t i n g p o i n t 1 4 e i s l o c k e d i n 1 1 5p o s i t i o n . T he a i r c r a f t c o n t i n u e s t o i l y d i r e c t l yt o w a r d s t h e t a r g e t u n t i l t h e l a t t e r a p p e a r s i nt he sighting l i n e 1 3 , 14e a n d at t h i s moment heobject is dropped. ` y '' I ' h e o u t e r s i g h t i n g p o i n t 1 4 c may e d i s p e n s e d 1 2 0with i f the d ropping r u l e i s provided w ith a l a te r a l l y p r o j e c t i n g s t o p 14d againstwhich s t r i k e sa p r o p e r l y arranged s t o p 15d o f t h e r u l e v 1 5 w h e nt h e l a t t e r , a f t e r t h e measuring p e r i o d ha s l a p s e d ,i s turned backwards e x a c t l y s o farthat the o u t e r 1 2 5s i g h t in g p o i n t r e a c h e s t h e p o s i t i o n 1 4 e ; In t h i sc a s e t h e s i g h t i n g p o i n t 1 5 e s e r v e s during t h emeasuring p e r i o d a s t h e f i r s t s i g h t i n g p o i n t a n da f t e r t h e A m e a s u r i n g p e r i o d ha s l a p s e d , a s t h ethrowing off sighting point. l 13 0What I claim i s : l . Y1 . An aiming a p p a r a t u s f o r d r o p p i n g o b j e c t s

from a i r - c r a f t s comprising a s t u d , a s i g h t i n gp o i n t on t h i s s t u d , a f i r s t r u l e , a s i g h t i n g r u l e ,both o f the s a i d r u l e s b e i n g f r o t a t a b l y moun t e d 1 3 50n t he said stud, a clock work havin g a predeter-i n e d running p e r i o d independent o i t h e h e i g h to f the a i r c r a f t above the ground m e a n s f o r cpe r a t i v e l y c o n n e c t i n g t h e s a i d ' s i g h t i n g r u l e s w i t heach otherduring t h e running p e r i o d o f t h e s a i d 1 4 0clock work wh ereb y the said r u l e s are simultaneously turned i n o p p o s i t e d i r e c t i o n s , a n d me a n soperated b y s a i d clockwork t o render s a i d connec ti ng means inoperative a t t h e ' e n d of said pe -

2 . An aiming a p p a r a t u s f o r d r o p p i n g o b j e c t sfrom a i r c r a f t s comprising a s t u d , a s i g h t i n g p o i n ton ` t h i s s t u d , a ?rst r u l e , a s i g h t i n g r u l e , bothof t he said r u l e s b e i n g rotatably mou t e d on t hes a i d s t u d , a clockwork having a . predetermined 1 5

T h e n by t u r n i n g the h a n d 9 0 >

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r u n n i n g p e r i o d i n d e p e n d e n t h e i g h t o f t h e

s t o p o n . on e o t the s a i d r u l e s a n d a . s t o p on the

a i r c r a f t above t h e ground mea ns f o r o p e r a t i v e l y' c o n n e e t i n g the s a i d _ r u l e s with each o t h e r d u r i n g `t h e running p e r i o d o f t h e s a i d c l o c k w o r k wherebythe s a i d r u l e s are simultane ously turned in opeposte d i r e c t i o n s , a n o u t e r s i g h t i n g p o i n t a n d .

35

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s i g h t i n g ' r u l e s e r v i n g a s t h e o u t e r s i g h t i n g p o i n to f the o t h e r r u l e whenever the s a i d s t o p s s t r i k ea g a i n s t each o t h e r , a n d mea ns o p e r a t e d by s a i deleckworktoren d er said conn ecting means inop-s a i d p e r i o d .r a t i v e a t the e n d o f

o m e n - m e , t n e l o u r p o i n t o f theme m i n e d

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