CLEANSED CLEANSED LIFE + (2014-2015)

Carlos García Izquierdo. CEBAS-CSIC (PARTNER)

PARTNER CSIC (CEBAS-CSIC)PARTNER CSIC (CEBAS-CSIC)

Project LIFE12 ENV/IT/000652Innovative integrated methodology for the use of decontaminated river sediments in plant nursing

and road building

CEBAS-CSIC (Murcia, CEBAS-CSIC (Murcia, Spain)Spain)

CSIC

Centro de Edafología y Biología Aplicada del Centro de Edafología y Biología Aplicada del Segura Segura

OUR INSTITUT: CEBAS-CSIC

CEBASCEBAS

CAMPUS UNIVERSITARIOCAMPUS UNIVERSITARIO

Facilities (CEBAS-CSIC)Facilities (CEBAS-CSIC)The modern building off ers the scientists modern

laboratories, new culture chambers and pilot plants suited

to the expanded research lines of CEBAS (BASIC AND

APPLIED RESEARCH).

CEBAS LABORATORIESCULTURE CHAMBERS

PILOT PLANT

EXOERIMENTAL FIELD

Dr. Carlos GarciaDr. Carlos GarciaDra. Teresa HernándezDr. J. MorenoDr. Felipe BastidaLda. Mª Dolores CollLda. Carmen ChocanoEva Andreu

CEBAS-CSIC (CLEANSED)CEBAS-CSIC (CLEANSED)

CLEANSED (LIFE+)CLEANSED (LIFE+)

CLEANSED PROJECTCLEANSED PROJECT

ANALYSIS ON SAMPLES FROM CEBAS-CSIC:ANALYSIS ON SAMPLES FROM CEBAS-CSIC:•Analysis on contaminated sediments (General analysis)Analysis on contaminated sediments (General analysis) and treated sedimentsand treated sediments

ACTION B and CACTION B and C

Chemical analysisChemical analysis: pH, CE, OM, TOC, soluble C: pH, CE, OM, TOC, soluble C

Physical analysisPhysical analysis: Humidity, bulk density, water holding capacity: Humidity, bulk density, water holding capacity

Toxicological analysisToxicological analysis: Cu, Zn, Cd, Cr, Ni, Pb: Cu, Zn, Cd, Cr, Ni, Pb

Nutritional and elemental analysisNutritional and elemental analysis: N, P, K, Ca, Mg, Mn, Na, Fe: N, P, K, Ca, Mg, Mn, Na, Fe

Plant phytotoxic test (Petri plate). Plant phytotoxic test (Petri plate). Germination index on 2 different seeds Germination index on 2 different seeds

((Lepidium sativunLepidium sativun and and Hordeum vulgareHordeum vulgare).).

SEDIMENTS AFTER TREATMENTSEDIMENTS AFTER TREATMENT

ANALYSIS FROM CEBAS-CSICANALYSIS FROM CEBAS-CSIC

   Vol (ml)Wheigt

(g) Density (g/ml)Density (g/ml)

Paspalum vaginatum PVPaspalum vaginatum PV 10 8,72 0,870,87

Controllo (no piante) CControllo (no piante) C 10 8,84 0,880,88

Tamarix+Paspalum TPTamarix+Paspalum TP 10 8,9 0,890,89

Spartium+Paspalum SPSpartium+Paspalum SP 10 9,03 0,90,9

Phragmites PPhragmites P 10 9,55 0,960,96

Oleander+Paspalum OPOleander+Paspalum OP 10 9,05 0,90,9

  Water timeInitial wheight 10

min 15min 20min 25min 35min

Paspalum vaginatum PVPaspalum vaginatum PV 3,5 Horas 30,328 30,104 29,991 29,892 29,849

Controllo (no piante) CControllo (no piante) C 3 Horas 30,8345 30,403 30,137 30,0795 29,914

Tamarix+Paspalum TPTamarix+Paspalum TP 3 Horas 30,438 30,154 29,957 29,794 29,532

Spartium+Paspalum SPSpartium+Paspalum SP 3 Horas 30,305 29,9495 29,489 29,307 29,206

Phragmites PPhragmites P 3 Horas 29,735 29,293 29,071 28,9385 28,8135

Oleander+Paspalum OPOleander+Paspalum OP 3 Horas 30,063 29,7345 29,5285 29,34 29,2815

Balancing the air and water contents has been one of the biggest problems facing greenhouse growers.The substrate can greatly influence the air and water content in the root zone. For this reason, mixtures used in greenhouses are fairly close in total porosity; usually between 80 and 90%.

BULK DENSITY AND WATER CAPACITY CURVESBULK DENSITY AND WATER CAPACITY CURVES(Physical Parameters)(Physical Parameters)

Samples wheight Humidity Dry samples WHC

Paspalum vaginatum PV 30,088 15,15 25,53 17,86

29,61 15,15 25,12 17,86

Controllo (no piante) C 29,613 16,62 24,69 19,93

30,215 16,62 25,19 19,93

Tamarix+Paspalum TP 29,42 17,25 24,34 20,85

29,644 17,25 24,53 20,85

Spartium+Paspalum SP 28,708 17,26 23,75 20,87

29,704 17,26 24,58 20,87

Phragmites P 28,51 17,27 23,58 20,88

29,117 17,27 24,09 20,88

Oleander+Paspalum OP 30,031 14,78 25,59 17,35

28,532 14,78 24,31 17,35

WATER HOLDING CAPACITY (WRC)WATER HOLDING CAPACITY (WRC)

WHC in sediments after treatment is between 17-20%. Sediments WHC in sediments after treatment is between 17-20%. Sediments could be mixed with other residues in order to increase WHC could be mixed with other residues in order to increase WHC

Sediments after treatment: Basic pH (>8) and low EC (<300 Sediments after treatment: Basic pH (>8) and low EC (<300 microS/cm). Humidity between 14-20%microS/cm). Humidity between 14-20%

pH and ECpH and EC

0,000,501,001,502,002,503,003,504,004,505,005,506,00

g/10

0g

Agriport

Ntotal

Ctotal

Corg

Total organic C was higher in Paspalum vaginatum, Tamarix+Paspalum and Oleander+Total organic C was higher in Paspalum vaginatum, Tamarix+Paspalum and Oleander+Paspalum. Maybe Paspalum increases the TOC and soluble organic C. Soluble N is Paspalum. Maybe Paspalum increases the TOC and soluble organic C. Soluble N is between 400-500 ppm in all samples.between 400-500 ppm in all samples.

C AND NUTRIENTS IN SEDIMENTSC AND NUTRIENTS IN SEDIMENTS

Element groups: (Ca, Al, Fe) >> (Mg, K, S, P, Na) >>> (Mn, Zn, Cr, Ti, Sr) Element groups: (Ca, Al, Fe) >> (Mg, K, S, P, Na) >>> (Mn, Zn, Cr, Ti, Sr)

CHEMICAL ELEMENTS IN SEDIMENTSCHEMICAL ELEMENTS IN SEDIMENTS

Cd could be the more toxic heavy metalCd could be the more toxic heavy metal

CHEMICAL ELEMENTS IN SEDIMENTSCHEMICAL ELEMENTS IN SEDIMENTS

SampleSample FF-- (mg/L) (mg/L) ClCl-- (mg/L) (mg/L) NONO22-- (mg/L) (mg/L) BrBr-- (mg/L) (mg/L) NONO33

-- (mg/L)(mg/L) POPO44

3-3- (mg/L) (mg/L) SOSO442-2- (mg/L) (mg/L)

Paspalum Paspalum

vaginatumvaginatum

0,200,20 2,302,30 0,130,13 <0,05<0,05 7,887,88 1,051,05 47,2347,23

0,280,28 7,447,44 0,130,13 <0,05<0,05 7,937,93 <1,0<1,0 47,0847,08

0,340,34 3,103,10 0,190,19 <0,05<0,05 7,287,28 <1,0<1,0 61,2861,28

Controllo (no Controllo (no

piante)piante)

0,040,04 1,401,40 0,190,19 <0,05<0,05 13,2113,21 <1,0<1,0 38,6538,65

0,410,41 10,9610,96 0,220,22 <0,05<0,05 11,3511,35 <1,0<1,0 39,9539,95

0,400,40 5,085,08 0,190,19 <0,05<0,05 11,0411,04 <1,0<1,0 32,6032,60

Tamarix+ Tamarix+

PaspalumPaspalum

0,380,38 1,401,40 0,130,13 <0,05<0,05 10,4410,44 <1,0<1,0 53,5153,51

0,410,41 <1,0<1,0 0,200,20 <0,05<0,05 10,6210,62 <1,0<1,0 55,8555,85

0,250,25 <1,0<1,0 0,250,25 <0,05<0,05 8,688,68 <1,0<1,0 55,1155,11

Spartium+ Spartium+

PaspalumPaspalum

0,510,51 <1,0<1,0 0,190,19 <0,05<0,05 6,136,13 <1,0<1,0 10,3010,30

0,160,16 <1,0<1,0 0,180,18 <0,05<0,05 4,724,72 <1,0<1,0 10,3010,30

0,260,26 <1,0<1,0 0,190,19 <0,05<0,05 4,114,11 <1,0<1,0 9,209,20

PhragmitesPhragmites

0,200,20 <1,0<1,0 0,240,24 <0,05<0,05 5,185,18 <1,0<1,0 16,7016,70

0,570,57 <1,0<1,0 0,190,19 <0,05<0,05 4,874,87 <1,0<1,0 15,8015,80

0,870,87 <1,0<1,0 0,190,19 <0,05<0,05 12,1012,10 <1,0<1,0 25,3025,30

Oleander+ Oleander+

PaspalumPaspalum

0,930,93 <1,0<1,0 0,190,19 <0,05<0,05 10,1010,10 <1,0<1,0 9,909,90

1,051,05 <1,0<1,0 0,190,19 <0,05<0,05 9,609,60 <1,0<1,0 7,807,80

1,851,85 <1,0<1,0 0,240,24 <0,05<0,05 9,609,60 <1,0<1,0 7,207,20

ANIONS ON SEDIMENTS AFTER TREATMENTANIONS ON SEDIMENTS AFTER TREATMENT

The most abundant anion measured in sediments after The most abundant anion measured in sediments after treatment was SOtreatment was SO44

-2-2. .

PHYTOTOXICITY: PLANT TESTPHYTOTOXICITY: PLANT TEST

PHYTOTOXICITY ASSAYGerminatión seeds

en placas petri

Lolium perenne

Hordeum vulgare

SEDIMENT

5 days incubation 28 ºC and humidity

* % germinated seeds* Roots

Germination Index

Some extracts showed a positive effect on seed Some extracts showed a positive effect on seed germination (Germination Index) and root lengh. germination (Germination Index) and root lengh. Phragmites seems to increase seed germinationPhragmites seems to increase seed germination. .

PLANT TESTPLANT TEST

SEDIMENTS WHITOUT TREATMENTSEDIMENTS WHITOUT TREATMENT

ANALYSIS FROM CEBAS-CSICANALYSIS FROM CEBAS-CSIC

   Vol (ml)Vol (ml)Wheight Wheight

(g)(g)Bulk Density Bulk Density

(g/ml)(g/ml)

High contamination CLAY HCHigh contamination CLAY HC 1010 11,3611,36 1,11,1

Low contamination LCLow contamination LC 1010 10,5310,53 1,051,05

Sandy ClaySandy Clay 1010 10,4910,49 1,051,05

Sandy SiltSandy Silt 1010 9,489,48 0,950,95

   Water timeWater timeInitial wheight 10 Initial wheight 10

minmin 15min15min 20min20min 25min25min 35min35min

High contamination HCHigh contamination HC 4 Horas4 Horas 24,375524,3755 24,31824,318 24,277524,2775 24,263524,2635 24,237524,2375

Low contamination LCLow contamination LC 3 Horas3 Horas 32,65532,655 32,35532,355 32,180532,1805 32,077532,0775 31,93131,931

Sandy-ClaySandy-Clay 3 Horas3 Horas 33,859533,8595 33,643533,6435 33,513533,5135 33,39833,398 33,32333,323

Sandy- siltSandy- silt 3 Horas3 Horas 34,198534,1985 33,81233,812 33,423533,4235 33,30733,307 33,252533,2525

A correct moisture in a adequate substrate prior to use would avoid the need of heavily watering after seeding

BULK DENSITY AND WATER HOLDING CURVESBULK DENSITY AND WATER HOLDING CURVES(physical parameters)(physical parameters)

Samples (g)Samples (g) HumidityHumidity Dry samplesDry samples WHCWHC

High contamination HCHigh contamination HC 24,01424,014 4,894,89 22,8422,84 5,155,15

   24,46124,461 4,894,89 23,2623,26 5,155,15

Low contamination LCLow contamination LC 32,15432,154 1,471,47 31,6831,68 1,491,49

   31,70831,708 1,471,47 31,2431,24 1,491,49

Sandy-claySandy-clay 33,7633,76 4,814,81 32,1432,14 5,055,05

   32,88632,886 4,814,81 31,3031,30 5,055,05

Sandy-SiltSandy-Silt 33,20533,205 17,3217,32 27,4527,45 20,9520,95

   3636 17,3217,32 29,7629,76 20,9520,95

Water holding capacity is about 5%, in LC <2%. Sandy-Silt showed 20% of WHC

WATER HOLDING CAPACITY (WHC)WATER HOLDING CAPACITY (WHC)

Electrical conductivity: 6-12 miliS/cm. Basic pH for all samplesElectrical conductivity: 6-12 miliS/cm. Basic pH for all samples

HC LC HC LC Sandy-Clay Sandy.SiltSandy-Clay Sandy.Silt

pH and ECpH and EC

C values in sediments without treatment were 2-4,5%, 1-2,5% is Organic CarbonC values in sediments without treatment were 2-4,5%, 1-2,5% is Organic Carbon

HC LC HC LC Sandy-Clay Sandy.SiltSandy-Clay Sandy.Silt

C AND NUTRIENTS IN C AND NUTRIENTS IN SEDIMENTSSEDIMENTS

Element groups: (Al, Ca, Fe) >> (Mg, K, S, P, Na) >>> (Mn, Zn, Cr, Ti, Sr) Element groups: (Al, Ca, Fe) >> (Mg, K, S, P, Na) >>> (Mn, Zn, Cr, Ti, Sr)

HC LC Sandy-Clay Sandy.SiltHC LC Sandy-Clay Sandy.Silt

CHEMICAL ELEMENTS IN SEDIMENTSCHEMICAL ELEMENTS IN SEDIMENTS

Cd is the more toxic heavy metalCd is the more toxic heavy metal

HC LC Sandy-Clay Sandy.Silt

CHEMICAL ELEMENTS IN SEDIMENTSCHEMICAL ELEMENTS IN SEDIMENTS

SAMPLESSAMPLES FF-- (mg/L) (mg/L) ClCl-- (mg/L) (mg/L) NONO22-- (mg/L) (mg/L) BrBr-- (mg/L) (mg/L) NONO33

-- (mg/L)(mg/L) POPO44

3-3- (mg/L) (mg/L) SOSO442-2- (mg/L) (mg/L)

HCHC

0,690,691745,501745,50 0,130,13

0,620,62 0,900,90 <1,0<1,0411,50411,50

1,101,101769,401769,40 <0,1<0,1

6,776,77 21,7021,70 <1,0<1,0418,60418,60

0,990,991786,201786,20 <0,1<0,1

6,806,80 0,900,90 <1,0<1,0414,70414,70

LCLC

1,121,122000,902000,90 <0,1<0,1

7,827,82 4,804,80 <1,0<1,0448,20448,20

1,151,152035,802035,80 <0,1<0,1

7,807,80 4,804,80 <1,0<1,0451,20451,20

0,740,743886,803886,80 <0,1<0,1

14,6414,64 11,7511,75 <1,0<1,0856,20856,20

Sandy-ClaySandy-Clay 0,860,862971,302971,30 <0,1<0,1

10,7610,76 8,908,90 <1,0<1,01029,701029,70

1,751,752957,602957,60 <0,1<0,1

9,639,63 1,231,23 <1,0<1,01060,301060,30

1,791,792906,502906,50 <0,1<0,1

9,369,36 1,271,27 <1,0<1,01099,801099,80

Sandy-SiltSandy-Silt 0,930,932561,602561,60 <0,1<0,1

9,529,52 2,542,54 <1,0<1,01738,501738,50

0,620,622546,402546,40 <0,1<0,1

9,979,97 2,072,07 <1,0<1,01717,701717,70

0,640,642501,602501,60 <0,1<0,1

9,889,88 2,002,00 <1,0<1,01690,901690,90

ANIONS ON SEDIMENTS WITHOUT TREATMENTANIONS ON SEDIMENTS WITHOUT TREATMENT

The most abundant anions measured on sediments The most abundant anions measured on sediments without treatment were Clwithout treatment were Cl-1-1 and SO and SO44

-2-2. .

A positive effect on seed germination A positive effect on seed germination (Germination Index) and root lengh was (Germination Index) and root lengh was showed. A biostimulant effect is possibleshowed. A biostimulant effect is possible

PLANT TESTPLANT TEST

EDAPHIC EDAPHIC BIOSTIMULANTBIOSTIMULANT

To increase micror-ganisms such as aero- bic bacteria, micorri-zation,…

To improve the structure of the decontaminated sediment

SEDIMENT AS AMENDMENT FOR SOIL-PLANT SYSTEM SEDIMENT AS AMENDMENT FOR SOIL-PLANT SYSTEM

To increase sediment To increase sediment quality, fertility andquality, fertility andproductivityproductivity

AMENDMENTS FOR SOIL-PLANT AMENDMENTS FOR SOIL-PLANT SYSTEMSYSTEM

DECONTAMINATED SEDIMENTDECONTAMINATED SEDIMENTADITIVES Organic and inorganicsADITIVES Organic and inorganics

Inorganic aditiveInorganic aditive Organic aditiveOrganic aditive

-- THE TREATMENT ON SEDIMENTS INCREASES TOC AND REDUCES EC. -- THE TREATMENT ON SEDIMENTS INCREASES TOC AND REDUCES EC. -- MACRO AND MICRONUTRIENTS HAS BEEN DETERMINED.-- MACRO AND MICRONUTRIENTS HAS BEEN DETERMINED.-- PHYSICAL PARAMETERS COULD ALSO BE IMPROVED WITH THE TREATMENT. -- PHYSICAL PARAMETERS COULD ALSO BE IMPROVED WITH THE TREATMENT. -- A POSIBLE BIOSTIMULANT EFFECT HAS BEEN SHOWED IN PLANTS TEST-- A POSIBLE BIOSTIMULANT EFFECT HAS BEEN SHOWED IN PLANTS TEST

1)1)WE WILL ANALYSE HEAVY METAL CONTENT ON PLANTSWE WILL ANALYSE HEAVY METAL CONTENT ON PLANTS

2)2)A MIXTURE COULD BE ESTABLISHED: TREATED SEDIMENT +A MIXTURE COULD BE ESTABLISHED: TREATED SEDIMENT + VEGETAL RESIDUES (aeration, water holding capacity)VEGETAL RESIDUES (aeration, water holding capacity)

5) COMPOSTING PROCESS WITH SEDIMENTS COULD BE ASSAYED5) COMPOSTING PROCESS WITH SEDIMENTS COULD BE ASSAYED

WHAT WE WILL DO NOW??WHAT WE WILL DO NOW??

PRELIMINARY CONCLUSIONSPRELIMINARY CONCLUSIONS

CEBAS WORKING GROUPCEBAS WORKING GROUP

THANK YOU FOR YOUR ATTENTIONTHANK YOU FOR YOUR ATTENTION