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BY :-SABHA FAYAZROLL NO. 376/10 7th SEM. ECE B2

CLAYTRONICS

BY:-SABHA FAYAZROLLNO.376/107th SEM. ECE B2

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INTRODUCTION CLAYTRONICS PROJECT

HARDWARE SOFTWARE

CAPABILITIES APPLICATIONS CHALLENGES ENVISIONING THE FUTURE

CONTENTS

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CATOMS Similar to Nano machine Programmable matter

Local computation Actuation Storage Energy Sensing and communication

INTRODUCTION

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Seth Goldstein, an associate professor in the computer science department at Carnegie Mellon university

Todd Mowry, director of Intel research Pittsburgh.

CLAYTRONICS PROJECT

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1. The project is being funded by: Intel Carnegie Mellon university The national science foundation Defence advance research projects agency

(DARPA)

2. This technology combines: Nano robotics Large scale computing

3. Turning test

CLAYTRONICS PROJECT

NANO-MATERIALS

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THIS PROJECT COMBINES two principle paths to create this technology Engineering design and testing of

modular robotic catom prototypes Creation of programming languages

and software algorithms

Claytronics seek pioneering advances on:

The scale of extremely small The scale of extremely numerous

CONT:

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Claytronics hardware operates from macro scale devices Such devices are designed to test

concepts for sub millimetre scale modules

Electrostatic latches Cubes Planar catoms Giant helium catoms

HARDWARE

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1. The millimetre scale

catom consist of a tube and

a high voltage CMOS die

attached inside the tube.

2. Tubes are fabricated

using standard lithography .

3. CMOS die is fabricated

separately

CYLINDRICAL CATOM

MILLIMETRE SCALE CATOM

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A parallel plate capacitor is constructed from flexible electrodes of aluminium foil and dielectric film to create an adhesion force from electrostatic pressure.

A latch forms when the faces of two adjacent modules come together and create an electrostatic field between the flexible electrodes.

ELECTROSTATIC LATCHES

ELECTROSTATIC LATCHES

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It provides a base of actuation for electrostatic latch.

Its geometry enables reliable coupling of modules .

To create motion for a cube in a matrix a direct-current motor is installed inside a cube.

The motor actuates expansion and contraction of electrostatic latches.

CUBES

CUBES

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Self actuating cylinder shaped catoms.

Tests concepts of motion, power distribution, data transfer and communication.

Operates on 2-D plane in a small group of two – seven modules.

PLANAR CATOMS

PLANAR CATOMS

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Square balloon is constructed from the sheets of Mylar.

It investigates physical forces that affect micro-scale devices.

Each surface of catom has 4 triangular flaps.

GIANT HELIUM CATOMS

GIANT HELIUM CATOM COMMUNICATION B/W TWO GHC

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In a domain of research defined by many of the greatest challenges facing computer scientists an robotists today, perhaps none is greater than the creation of algorithms and programming language to organise the actions of millions of sub- millimetres scale catoms in a Claytronics ensemble.

SOFTWARE

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MELD Program is written in an ensemble centric view

point. A program is then compiled into individual

programs for the nodes that make up the ensemble.

Programs written are concise.

LDP(Local Distributed Predicates) LDP employs distributive pattern machining Programmer addresses a large set of variables

with Boolean logic.

PROGRAMMING LANGUAGES

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In order to determine their locations the modules need to rely on noisy observations of their immediate neighbours.

These observations are obtained from sensors on-board such as short range IR sensors.

The contribution of this research is an algorithm that leads the modules estimate their locations in a fully distributed manner

LOCALIZATION

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Software that permits researchers to model, test and visualise the behaviour of catoms.

It’s an open source, LINUX-based system software.

The activities of catom in the simulator are governed by laws of physical universe.

DPR SIMULATOR

SIMULATION OF MELD SIMULATED ELEPHANT

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COMPUTATION : reasonable amount of computational capacity should fit on several square millimetres.

MOTION: Motion without moving parts Enables to form connections more rapidly than

micro-robots COMMUNICATIONS:

It is the biggest challenge. Catoms are homogenous hence don’t need any

identity. We are more likely concerned about routing a

message to catoms comprising specific physical part not a particular catom.

CAPABILITIES

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Capturing a moving, 3-D image and rendering it as a physical object.

A set of cameras will be pointed at an event and enables the viewer to virtually fly around and watch the event from a variety of positions.

Replicas will be created from catoms.

CREATING THE REPLICAS

REPLICA FORMATION

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Supply will come from a "power platform" with positive and negative contacts on which the catoms will sit.

Those catoms not touching the platform will rely on intermediate catoms to feed them with power and close the circuit

Properly programmed, the catoms could then self-organise into an electrical grid, providing the entire Claytronics mass with power through parallel circuits.

How to power catoms?

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Medical A virtual image of physician could appear

and perform the diagnosis. Disaster relief

Human replicas could serve as stand-ins for doctors, fire fighters or disaster relief works.

Objects made of programmable matter could be used for multiple purposes

Entertainment Any sports game could be replicated in

miniature on your coffee table. A movie can be recreated in your living

room. 3D physical modelling

Shapes of model cars or homes could be re –sized as if working with modelling clay

Multiple people at different places could work on the same model

APPLICATIONS

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The goal is to produce catoms that are 1-2 millimetres in diameter

How to power them, to get them to stick together and to coordinate and control millions or billions of them.

In DPR, much work has been done in 3D image capture. The major challenge is to develop realistic 3D replicas.

David Wolpert , an expert in distributed computer systems at NASA's Ames research lab in California, has his doubts about the use of electrostatic forces to move the catoms around.

Cost is critical.

CHALLENGES

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‘Claytronics’ is the concept of the future which aims to break the barrier in transferring and transforming tangible 3D objects. The concept basically is to make an object to be composed of millions of programmed nano scale robots and to move them relative to each other in a controlled coordinated manner to change shape and other properties of the body. Claytronics consists of individual components called claytronic atoms or ‘catoms’. As the actual hardware is to manipulate itself to whatever desired form each catoms should consist of CPU, a network device for communication, single pixel display, sensors, a means to adhere with each other and power source. Organizing all of the communication and actions between millions of catoms also require highly advanced algorithms and programing language. This idea is broadly referred to as also ‘programmable matter’. Claytronics has the potential to greatly affect many areas of daily life, such as telecommunication, human-computer interface, entertainment etc.

CONCLUSION

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www.Cs.Cmu.Edu(Carnegie Mellon university official website)

‘PROGRAMMABLE MATTER’ by Seth Copen Goldstein and Todd C. Mowry in ‘INVISIBLE COMPUTING’ magazine.

‘SHAPING THE FUTURE’ by Tom Geller in ‘COMMUNICATION ACM’ magazine.

www.Intel.Com www.Howstuffworks.Com www.Motortrends.Com www.Worldchanging.Com

REFERENCES

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Any Queries??

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THANK YOU