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P H Y S I C A L S C I E N C E
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Classifying Matter Notes
2 Types of Matter
There are two types of matter we will be discussing.
Pure Substances
Mixtures
Pure Substances
I. Matter that always has exactly the same composition is classified as a pure substance
Every sample has the exact same properties and composition
These substances are considered homogeneous because they are the same throughout
Which one is a pure substance?
2 Types of Pure Substances
1.) Elements: There are about 115 known elements.
An element is a substance that has only one type of atom.
Atoms are the smallest unit of matter.
Element Examples
Element Symbol
Uses/Properties
Hydrogen H Gas, very light, bonds easily
Lead Pb Metal, solid, dark, poisonous
Potassium K Very reactive, keeps muscles from cramping
Mercury Hg Liquid metal, very dense, toxic
Calcium Ca Metal, strong bones & teeth
2 Types of Pure Substances
2.) Comp0unds: A compound is pure substance that is made of atoms bonded together
Compounds
The compound always has two or more elements joined in a fixed proportion
The smallest part of a compound is a molecule
Examples of compounds are sugar, salt, water
Sugar
Salt
Water
Compounds
The properties of a substance differ from the substances from which it is made.
For example, salt
(sodium chloride, NaCl)
Properties of sodium: yellow, soft metal, very reactive
Properties of chloride: yellow/green toxic gas
Comparing Types of Pure Substances
Comparing Types of Pure Substances
2 Types of Matter
2.) Mixtures:
The composition of a mixture is NOT fixed
Properties of a mixture can change
The parts of a mixture are NOT evenly distributed
Types of Mixtures
There are two main types of mixtures: Homogeneous and Heterogeneous mixtures
1.) Heterogeneous mixtures- Parts of the mixtures are different from one another
It is easy to see the different parts.
Heterogeneous Mixtures
Sand at the Beach
Pizza
Soil
Chocolate Chip Cookies
Types of Mixtures
Homogeneous mixtures- Substances are evenly distributed
It is difficult to distinguish one part from the other
Homogeneous Mixtures Examples
Vegetable Oil
Perfume
Mouthwash
Distinguishing between heterogeneous and homogeneous mixtures.
Sometimes it is difficult to classify mixtures as either heterogeneous or homogeneous
An easy way to classify them is based on the size of the particles that make them up.
Solutions, suspensions, and colloids
Solutions
Solutions: when substances dissolve to form a homogeneous mixture.
There are two parts of a solution: Solvent: substance that does the
dissolving Universal solvent is water
Solute: substance that gets dissolved
Example of a solution: Kool-Aid Liquid solutions do not settle over
time.
Suspensions
Suspensions: a heterogeneous mixture that separates into layers over time.
Rule of thumb for a suspension: Instructions say to “Shake well before use.”
Examples of a suspension: Italian Salad Dressing
Colloids
Colloids- Contain some particles that are intermediate in size between the small particles in a solution and the larger particles in a suspension
Colloids
Examples of colloids are: fog
mayo
Comparing Solutions, Colloids, & Suspensions
Which is which?
A B C
Classifying Matter Concept Map
Element, Compound, or Mixture?
Copper
Element, Compound, or Mixture?
Copper
Element, Compound, or Mixture?
Jelly Beans
Element, Compound, or Mixture?
Jelly Beans
Element, Compound, or Mixture?
Table Sugar
Element, Compound, or Mixture?
Table Sugar
Element, Compound, or Mixture?
Aluminum
Element, Compound, or Mixture?
Aluminum
Element, Compound, or Mixture?
Pure Water
Element, Compound, or Mixture?
Pure Water
Element, Compound, or Mixture?
Lemonade
Element, Compound, or Mixture?
Lemonade
Element, Compound, or Mixture?
Silver
Element, Compound, or Mixture?
Silver