Classification

CLASSIFICATION• According to Carl Linnaeus organisms may be

classified in the following order:

PHYLUM

CLASS

ORDER

KINGDOM

SPECIES

GENUS

FAMILY

SCIENTIFIC NAME

Here are a few examples...

Scientific Name of organisms

• The first name is the genus name• The second name is the species name

• E.g. scientific name for humans is written as:Homo sapiens OR Homo sapiens

Major Groups

• PROKARYOTES

• EUKARYOTES

PROKARYOTES

Eukaryotes

Unicellular example Multi cellular example

ALL LIVING ORGANISMS

PROKARYOTES

Single-celled organisms

do not have a nucleus

genetic material occurs in cytoplasmUsually has flagellum ( mobility)

Asexual Reproduction

Nutrition occurs through the process of diffusion.

E.g. Bacteria

EUKARYOTES

Eukaryotes are generally more advanced/ complex

Nuclear membrane surrounding genetic material

Numerous membrane-bound organelles

usually complex internal structure

Mostly sexual reproduction

E.g. fungi, animals, and plants as well as some unicellular organisms such as paramecium

ALL LIVING ORGANISMS

PROKARYOTES EUKARYOTES

PROTISTS FUNGI PLANTS ANIMALS

BACTERIA

EUKARYOTE- Protoctista

• They all have a nucleus. • Most have

mitochondria• Many have chloroplasts• Unicellular or

multicellular

EUKARYOTE- Fungi

• Multi-cellular• Have cell wall• NO chlorophyll• Feed saprophytically or

parasitically

EUKARYOTES- Plants

• Almost all plants are green because at least some of their cells contain CHLOROPLASTS.

• CHARACTERISTICS• Unicellular or multi-cellular• Have cell wall• Have chlorophyll• Feed by photosynthesis

PLANTS

CONIFER

MOSSES

FERNS

ANGIOSPERMS

EUKARYOTES- Animals

CHARACTERISTICS• Do not have cell wall• Do not contain chlorophyll• Feed heterotrophically

ANIMALS

• Two largest groups in this kingdom are:

• ARTHROPODS: animals with several pairs of jointed legs, have exoskeleton

• CHORDATES: Also known as VERTEBRATES. They have an endoskeleton

Arthropods

• Arthropods are a very successful group, because they have a waterproof exoskeleton that has allowed them to live on dry land

INSECTS

• Have three (3) pairs of jointed legs

• Two pairs of wings

• Breathe through tracheae

CRUSTACEANS

• Have 5-10 pairs of legs

• Breathe through gills

• Most live in wet places

ARACHNIDS

• Have four (4) pairs of legs

• Breathe through gills called BOOK LUNGS

MYRIAPODS

Millipedes• Have many segments • Each segment has 2 pairs of

legs eachCentipede• Have many segments• Each segment has 1 pair of

legs each• Front segment has a pair of

poisonous claws

FISHES

• Has scaly skin

• Have gills

• Have fins

AMPHIBIANS

• Moist, scale-less skin

• Lay eggs in water

• Tadpole live in water, adults live on land

• Tadpoles have gills, adults have lungs

REPTILE

• Have scaly skin

• Lay eggs with rubbery shells

BIRDS

• Have feathers• Forelimbs are wing• Lay eggs with hard

shells• Have beak

Mammals

• Have hair• Have placenta• Young feed on milk from mother• Have different types of teeth