Classification- Phylum Arthropoda Chapter 19 Subphylum Trilobita (extinct) Subphylum Chelicerata

59
Classification- Phylum Classification- Phylum Arthropoda Arthropoda Chapter 19 Chapter 19 Subphylum Trilobita (extinct) Subphylum Trilobita (extinct) Subphylum Chelicerata Subphylum Chelicerata Class Arachnida Class Arachnida Order Araneae Order Araneae Order Scorpiones Order Scorpiones Order Opiliones (Daddy Longlegs) Order Opiliones (Daddy Longlegs) Order Acari (Ticks and Mites) Order Acari (Ticks and Mites) Subphylum Myriapoda Subphylum Myriapoda Class Diplopoda Class Diplopoda Class Chilopoda Class Chilopoda Chapter 20 Chapter 20 Subphylum Crustacea Subphylum Crustacea Chapter 21 Chapter 21 Subphylum Hexapoda Subphylum Hexapoda

description

Classification- Phylum Arthropoda Chapter 19 Subphylum Trilobita (extinct) Subphylum Chelicerata Class Arachnida Order Araneae Order Scorpiones Order Opiliones (Daddy Longlegs) Order Acari (Ticks and Mites) Subphylum Myriapoda Class Diplopoda Class Chilopoda Chapter 20 - PowerPoint PPT Presentation

Transcript of Classification- Phylum Arthropoda Chapter 19 Subphylum Trilobita (extinct) Subphylum Chelicerata

Page 1: Classification- Phylum Arthropoda Chapter 19 Subphylum Trilobita (extinct) Subphylum Chelicerata

Classification- Phylum ArthropodaClassification- Phylum ArthropodaChapter 19Chapter 19Subphylum Trilobita (extinct)Subphylum Trilobita (extinct)Subphylum ChelicerataSubphylum Chelicerata

Class ArachnidaClass ArachnidaOrder AraneaeOrder AraneaeOrder ScorpionesOrder ScorpionesOrder Opiliones (Daddy Longlegs)Order Opiliones (Daddy Longlegs)Order Acari (Ticks and Mites)Order Acari (Ticks and Mites)

Subphylum MyriapodaSubphylum MyriapodaClass DiplopodaClass DiplopodaClass ChilopodaClass Chilopoda

Chapter 20Chapter 20Subphylum CrustaceaSubphylum Crustacea

Chapter 21Chapter 21Subphylum HexapodaSubphylum Hexapoda

Page 2: Classification- Phylum Arthropoda Chapter 19 Subphylum Trilobita (extinct) Subphylum Chelicerata

19-2

CHAPTER 19CHAPTER 19CHAPTER 19CHAPTER 19

Trilobites, Trilobites, Chelicerates, and Chelicerates, and

MyriapodsMyriapods

Trilobites, Trilobites, Chelicerates, and Chelicerates, and

MyriapodsMyriapods

Page 3: Classification- Phylum Arthropoda Chapter 19 Subphylum Trilobita (extinct) Subphylum Chelicerata

Copyright © The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. Permission required for reproduction or display.

19-3

Page 4: Classification- Phylum Arthropoda Chapter 19 Subphylum Trilobita (extinct) Subphylum Chelicerata

Copyright © The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. Permission required for reproduction or display.

19-4

CharacteristicsCharacteristics

AnthropodizationAnthropodization Soft cuticle of the arthropod ancestors was Soft cuticle of the arthropod ancestors was

stiffened by deposition of stiffened by deposition of protein and chitinprotein and chitin Joints Joints had to provide flexibilityhad to provide flexibility Sequence of molts was necessary to allow Sequence of molts was necessary to allow

for growthfor growth Molting required Molting required hormonal controlhormonal control Hydrostatic skeleton function was lostHydrostatic skeleton function was lost

Coelom regressed and was replaced by open Coelom regressed and was replaced by open sinuses sinuses

Motile cilia were lostMotile cilia were lost

Page 5: Classification- Phylum Arthropoda Chapter 19 Subphylum Trilobita (extinct) Subphylum Chelicerata

Copyright © The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. Permission required for reproduction or display.

19-5

Phylum ArthropodaPhylum Arthropoda Contains over 3/4 of all known speciesContains over 3/4 of all known species Coelomate protostomesCoelomate protostomes with well-developed with well-developed

organ systemsorgan systems SegmentedSegmented

CharacteristicsCharacteristics

Page 6: Classification- Phylum Arthropoda Chapter 19 Subphylum Trilobita (extinct) Subphylum Chelicerata

Copyright © The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. Permission required for reproduction or display.

19-6

Sizes range from the Japanese crab (four meters in Sizes range from the Japanese crab (four meters in leg span) to the 0.1 mm long follicle miteleg span) to the 0.1 mm long follicle mite

Abundance and wide ecological distribution makes Abundance and wide ecological distribution makes them the them the most diverse animal groupmost diverse animal group

Some are agents of disease and compete with Some are agents of disease and compete with humans for foodhumans for food

Others are beneficialOthers are beneficial All modes of feeding occur among arthropods; All modes of feeding occur among arthropods;

carnivores, omnivores, herbivorous (most), carnivores, omnivores, herbivorous (most), decomposers, scavengers, parasites, etc.decomposers, scavengers, parasites, etc.

CharacteristicsCharacteristics

Page 7: Classification- Phylum Arthropoda Chapter 19 Subphylum Trilobita (extinct) Subphylum Chelicerata

Copyright © The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. Permission required for reproduction or display.

QuickTime™ and aTIFF (Uncompressed) decompressor

are needed to see this picture. Japanese Spider Crap

QuickTime™ and aTIFF (Uncompressed) decompressor

are needed to see this picture.

Follicle Mite

Page 8: Classification- Phylum Arthropoda Chapter 19 Subphylum Trilobita (extinct) Subphylum Chelicerata

Copyright © The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. Permission required for reproduction or display.

19-8

Relationships among arthropod subgroupsRelationships among arthropod subgroups Divided into Divided into subphylasubphyla based on relationships based on relationships

between subgroupsbetween subgroups Groupings among subphyla based on molecular Groupings among subphyla based on molecular

datadata Centipedes, millipedes are placed into Centipedes, millipedes are placed into

subphylum subphylum MyriapodaMyriapoda Insects are placed in subphylum Insects are placed in subphylum HexapodaHexapoda Spiders, and ticks form subphylum Spiders, and ticks form subphylum ChelicerataChelicerata Lobsters, crabs, barnacles, and others form Lobsters, crabs, barnacles, and others form

subphylum subphylum CrustaceaCrustacea

CharacteristicsCharacteristics

Page 9: Classification- Phylum Arthropoda Chapter 19 Subphylum Trilobita (extinct) Subphylum Chelicerata

Copyright © The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. Permission required for reproduction or display.

19-9

2 Important Parts in Arthropods:

Appendages andMouthparts

Uniramous: single branchedBiramous: 2 branches

Chelicerae: pointed appendages to grasp foodMandible: chewing appendage

Page 10: Classification- Phylum Arthropoda Chapter 19 Subphylum Trilobita (extinct) Subphylum Chelicerata

Copyright © The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. Permission required for reproduction or display.

19-10

Page 11: Classification- Phylum Arthropoda Chapter 19 Subphylum Trilobita (extinct) Subphylum Chelicerata

Copyright © The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. Permission required for reproduction or display.

19-11

Great Diversity and Abundance of ArthropodsGreat Diversity and Abundance of Arthropods

WHY HAVE ARTHROPODS SURVIVED…WHY HAVE ARTHROPODS SURVIVED… 1. Versatile Exoskeleton 1. Versatile Exoskeleton

Cuticle is highly protective and jointed, providing Cuticle is highly protective and jointed, providing mobilitymobility

Consists of inner thick Consists of inner thick procuticle procuticle and outer thin and outer thin epicuticleepicuticle

Procuticle has an Procuticle has an exocuticleexocuticle secreted before a molt secreted before a molt and an and an endocuticleendocuticle secreted after molting secreted after molting

Both layers of procuticle contain chitin bound with Both layers of procuticle contain chitin bound with proteinprotein

Procuticle is lightweight, flexible, and protects Procuticle is lightweight, flexible, and protects against dehydrationagainst dehydration

Page 12: Classification- Phylum Arthropoda Chapter 19 Subphylum Trilobita (extinct) Subphylum Chelicerata

Copyright © The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. Permission required for reproduction or display.

19-12

Page 13: Classification- Phylum Arthropoda Chapter 19 Subphylum Trilobita (extinct) Subphylum Chelicerata

Copyright © The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. Permission required for reproduction or display.

19-13

Cuticle is further hardened by tanningCuticle is further hardened by tanning Ecdysis,Ecdysis, or molting or molting

Process of shedding outer covering and growing a new, Process of shedding outer covering and growing a new, larger onelarger one

Arthropods typically molt Arthropods typically molt four to sevenfour to seven times times

Great Diversity and Abundance of ArthropodsGreat Diversity and Abundance of Arthropods

Page 14: Classification- Phylum Arthropoda Chapter 19 Subphylum Trilobita (extinct) Subphylum Chelicerata

Copyright © The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. Permission required for reproduction or display.

19-14

2. Segmentation and Appendages for 2. Segmentation and Appendages for Efficient LocomotionEfficient Locomotion Appendages often highly specialized for Appendages often highly specialized for division of labordivision of labor Limb segments are hollow levers with internal striated Limb segments are hollow levers with internal striated

musclesmuscles Appendages may function in sensing, food handling, Appendages may function in sensing, food handling,

walking, or swimmingwalking, or swimming

3. Use of Diverse Resources through 3. Use of Diverse Resources through MetamorphosisMetamorphosis Many arthropods undergo metamorphic changes leading to Many arthropods undergo metamorphic changes leading to

different larval and adult stagesdifferent larval and adult stages Larvae and adults feed on different organisms and occupy Larvae and adults feed on different organisms and occupy

different habitats different habitats Avoid competitionAvoid competition

Survival of ArthropodsSurvival of Arthropods

Page 15: Classification- Phylum Arthropoda Chapter 19 Subphylum Trilobita (extinct) Subphylum Chelicerata

Copyright © The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. Permission required for reproduction or display.

19-15

4. Air Piped Directly to Cells4. Air Piped Directly to Cells Terrestrial arthropods Terrestrial arthropods

Use an efficient tracheal system for oxygen Use an efficient tracheal system for oxygen transport directly to tissuestransport directly to tissues

Aquatic arthropodsAquatic arthropods Respire via various forms of gillsRespire via various forms of gills

5. Highly Developed Sensory Organs5. Highly Developed Sensory Organs Eyes vary from simple light sensitive ocelli to a Eyes vary from simple light sensitive ocelli to a

compound mosaic eyecompound mosaic eye Other sensory structures for touch, smell, Other sensory structures for touch, smell,

hearing, balancing, and chemical receptionhearing, balancing, and chemical reception

Survival of ArthropodsSurvival of Arthropods

Page 16: Classification- Phylum Arthropoda Chapter 19 Subphylum Trilobita (extinct) Subphylum Chelicerata

Copyright © The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. Permission required for reproduction or display.

19-16

Early Arthropod fossils: Trilobites and Eurypterid

Page 17: Classification- Phylum Arthropoda Chapter 19 Subphylum Trilobita (extinct) Subphylum Chelicerata

Copyright © The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. Permission required for reproduction or display.

19-17

Subphylum ChelicerataSubphylum Chelicerata

CharacteristicsCharacteristics Chelicerates have Chelicerates have six pairssix pairs of of

cephalothoracic appendages including cephalothoracic appendages including chelicerae chelicerae (eating),(eating), pedipalps pedipalps (mating)(mating) and and four pair of legsfour pair of legs

Lack mandibles and antennaeLack mandibles and antennae Most suck liquid food from preyMost suck liquid food from prey Example: spiders, horseshoe crabs, sea Example: spiders, horseshoe crabs, sea

spiders, ticks, scorpionsspiders, ticks, scorpions

Page 18: Classification- Phylum Arthropoda Chapter 19 Subphylum Trilobita (extinct) Subphylum Chelicerata

Copyright © The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. Permission required for reproduction or display.

19-18

Sea Spiders

Spiders

Horseshoe Crabs

Page 19: Classification- Phylum Arthropoda Chapter 19 Subphylum Trilobita (extinct) Subphylum Chelicerata

Copyright © The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. Permission required for reproduction or display.

19-19

Horseshoe Crab: Illustrating 6 pairs of appendages

Page 20: Classification- Phylum Arthropoda Chapter 19 Subphylum Trilobita (extinct) Subphylum Chelicerata

Copyright © The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. Permission required for reproduction or display.

19-20

Sea spiders: Illustrating 6 sets of appendages

Page 21: Classification- Phylum Arthropoda Chapter 19 Subphylum Trilobita (extinct) Subphylum Chelicerata

Copyright © The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. Permission required for reproduction or display.

19-21

Class ArachnidaClass Arachnida Great diversity Great diversity Most are free living and more common in Most are free living and more common in

warm, dry regionswarm, dry regionsStructures Structures Divided into two body parts: Divided into two body parts: a cephalothorax a cephalothorax

and an abdomenand an abdomen Cephalothorax bears a pair of chelicerae, a Cephalothorax bears a pair of chelicerae, a

pair of pedipalps, and 4 pairs of walking legspair of pedipalps, and 4 pairs of walking legs No antenna and mandibles No antenna and mandibles Example: Spiders, Ticks, and ScorpionsExample: Spiders, Ticks, and Scorpions

Subphylum ChelicerataSubphylum Chelicerata

Page 22: Classification- Phylum Arthropoda Chapter 19 Subphylum Trilobita (extinct) Subphylum Chelicerata

Copyright © The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. Permission required for reproduction or display.

19-22

Most are Most are predaceouspredaceous and have claws, fangs, and have claws, fangs, poison glands, or stingerspoison glands, or stingers

Sucking mouthparts ingest fluids and soft Sucking mouthparts ingest fluids and soft tissues from bodies of their preytissues from bodies of their prey

Spiders have spinning glandsSpiders have spinning glands PedipalpsPedipalps of males are modified, sometimes of males are modified, sometimes

elaborately, for sperm transferelaborately, for sperm transfer

Subphylum ChelicerataSubphylum Chelicerata

Page 23: Classification- Phylum Arthropoda Chapter 19 Subphylum Trilobita (extinct) Subphylum Chelicerata

Copyright © The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. Permission required for reproduction or display.

19-23

Over 80,000 species have been Over 80,000 species have been describeddescribed

Most harmless to humans and provide Most harmless to humans and provide essential control of injurious insectsessential control of injurious insects

Some spiders are venomous and can Some spiders are venomous and can cause pain or death in humanscause pain or death in humans

Ticks may carry Ticks may carry human diseaseshuman diseases Mites can be Mites can be crop pestscrop pests

Subphylum ChelicerataSubphylum Chelicerata

Page 24: Classification- Phylum Arthropoda Chapter 19 Subphylum Trilobita (extinct) Subphylum Chelicerata

Copyright © The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. Permission required for reproduction or display.

19-24

Order Araneae: SpidersOrder Araneae: Spiders Approximately 40,000 species Approximately 40,000 species Body consists of an Body consists of an unsegmented unsegmented

cephalothoraxcephalothorax and and abdomenabdomen joined by a joined by a slender slender pedicelpedicel

Anterior appendages are a pair of chelicerae Anterior appendages are a pair of chelicerae with terminal fangswith terminal fangs

Pair of Pair of pedipalps pedipalps have sensory functions and have sensory functions and are used by males to transfer spermare used by males to transfer sperm

Basal parts of pedipalps used to handle foodBasal parts of pedipalps used to handle food Four pairs of walking legs terminate in clawsFour pairs of walking legs terminate in claws All are predaceous,All are predaceous, mostly on insects mostly on insects

Subphylum ChelicerataSubphylum Chelicerata

Page 25: Classification- Phylum Arthropoda Chapter 19 Subphylum Trilobita (extinct) Subphylum Chelicerata

Copyright © The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. Permission required for reproduction or display.

19-25

External Anatomy of Jumping Spider

Page 26: Classification- Phylum Arthropoda Chapter 19 Subphylum Trilobita (extinct) Subphylum Chelicerata

Copyright © The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. Permission required for reproduction or display.

19-26

Injected venom liquefies and digests the tissues which Injected venom liquefies and digests the tissues which is sucked into spider’s stomachis sucked into spider’s stomach

RESPIRATORY SYSTEMRESPIRATORY SYSTEM Breathe by Breathe by book lungs and/or tracheabook lungs and/or trachea Book lungsBook lungs unique to spiders unique to spiders

Parallel air pockets extend into blood-filled chamberParallel air pockets extend into blood-filled chamber Air enters chamber through a slit in body wallAir enters chamber through a slit in body wall Trachea systemTrachea system

Transports air directly to tissues/blood through an opening Transports air directly to tissues/blood through an opening called a called a spiraclespiracle

Excretory SystemExcretory System In spiders and insects, In spiders and insects, Malpighian tubulesMalpighian tubules serve as serve as

excretory structures excretory structures Rectal glands reabsorb water. Conserves water and Rectal glands reabsorb water. Conserves water and

allows the organisms to live in dry environmentsallows the organisms to live in dry environments

Subphylum ChelicerataSubphylum Chelicerata

Page 27: Classification- Phylum Arthropoda Chapter 19 Subphylum Trilobita (extinct) Subphylum Chelicerata

Copyright © The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. Permission required for reproduction or display.

19-27

Internal Anatomy of a Spider

Page 28: Classification- Phylum Arthropoda Chapter 19 Subphylum Trilobita (extinct) Subphylum Chelicerata

Copyright © The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. Permission required for reproduction or display.

19-28

Sensory SystemsSensory Systems Most spiders have Most spiders have eight simple eyes,eight simple eyes, each each

with a lens, optic rods, and a retina with a lens, optic rods, and a retina Detect movement and may form imagesDetect movement and may form images

Sensory setae detect air currents, web Sensory setae detect air currents, web vibrations, and other stimulivibrations, and other stimuli

Vision is poor, rely on mechanoreceptors Vision is poor, rely on mechanoreceptors (stimuli)(stimuli)

Subphylum ChelicerataSubphylum Chelicerata

Page 29: Classification- Phylum Arthropoda Chapter 19 Subphylum Trilobita (extinct) Subphylum Chelicerata

Copyright © The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. Permission required for reproduction or display.

19-29

Web-Spinning HabitsWeb-Spinning Habits Spinning silk critical ability for spiders Spinning silk critical ability for spiders Two or three pairs of Two or three pairs of spinneretsspinnerets contain contain

microscopic tubes that run to microscopic tubes that run to silk glandssilk glands Liquid scleroproteinLiquid scleroprotein secretion hardens as secretion hardens as

it is extruded from spinneretsit is extruded from spinnerets Silk threads are very strong and will Silk threads are very strong and will

stretch considerably before breakingstretch considerably before breaking Silk is used for orb webs, lining burrows, Silk is used for orb webs, lining burrows,

forming egg sacs, and wrapping preyforming egg sacs, and wrapping prey

Subphylum ChelicerataSubphylum Chelicerata

Page 30: Classification- Phylum Arthropoda Chapter 19 Subphylum Trilobita (extinct) Subphylum Chelicerata

Copyright © The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. Permission required for reproduction or display.

19-30

Grasshopper snared in Golden Garden Spider silk.If the spider is not hungry, it will save the live prey for later.

Page 31: Classification- Phylum Arthropoda Chapter 19 Subphylum Trilobita (extinct) Subphylum Chelicerata

Copyright © The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. Permission required for reproduction or display.

Fisher Spider: Catches prey, paralyzes them, pumps in digestive enzymes,

then sucks out predigested contents.

Page 32: Classification- Phylum Arthropoda Chapter 19 Subphylum Trilobita (extinct) Subphylum Chelicerata

Copyright © The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. Permission required for reproduction or display.

19-32

ReproductionReproduction Before mating, male stores sperm in pedipalpsBefore mating, male stores sperm in pedipalps Mating involves inserting pedipalps into the Mating involves inserting pedipalps into the

female genital openingsfemale genital openings A A courtship ritualcourtship ritual is often required before the is often required before the

female will allow matingfemale will allow mating Eggs may develop in a cocoon in the web or may Eggs may develop in a cocoon in the web or may

be carried by femalebe carried by female Young hatch in about two weeks and may molt Young hatch in about two weeks and may molt

before leaving the egg cocoonbefore leaving the egg cocoon

Subphylum ChelicerataSubphylum Chelicerata

Page 33: Classification- Phylum Arthropoda Chapter 19 Subphylum Trilobita (extinct) Subphylum Chelicerata

Copyright © The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. Permission required for reproduction or display.

19-33

QuickTime™ and aTIFF (Uncompressed) decompressor

are needed to see this picture.

QuickTime™ and aTIFF (Uncompressed) decompressor

are needed to see this picture.

Wolf spider with egg sack

Black Widow with egg sack

Page 34: Classification- Phylum Arthropoda Chapter 19 Subphylum Trilobita (extinct) Subphylum Chelicerata

Copyright © The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. Permission required for reproduction or display.

19-34

Are spiders really dangerous? Are spiders really dangerous? Most people fear spiders without good reason Most people fear spiders without good reason Spiders are allies of humans in our battle with Spiders are allies of humans in our battle with

insectsinsects American tarantulasAmerican tarantulas rarely bite, and bite is not rarely bite, and bite is not

dangerous dangerous Species of Species of black widow spidersblack widow spiders are dangerous are dangerous

Venom is neurotoxicVenom is neurotoxic Brown recluse spiderBrown recluse spider

Hemolytic venom that destroys tissue around Hemolytic venom that destroys tissue around the bitethe bite

Some Australian and South American spiders are Some Australian and South American spiders are the most dangerous and aggressivethe most dangerous and aggressive

Subphylum ChelicerataSubphylum Chelicerata

Page 35: Classification- Phylum Arthropoda Chapter 19 Subphylum Trilobita (extinct) Subphylum Chelicerata

Copyright © The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. Permission required for reproduction or display.

19-35

Tarantula: Not Dangerous. Bite similar to Bee StingBite when threatened or defending eggs/young.

Page 36: Classification- Phylum Arthropoda Chapter 19 Subphylum Trilobita (extinct) Subphylum Chelicerata

Copyright © The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. Permission required for reproduction or display.

19-36

A: Black Widow displaying Red HourglassB: Brown Recluse Spider displaying violin marking on cephalothorax

Page 37: Classification- Phylum Arthropoda Chapter 19 Subphylum Trilobita (extinct) Subphylum Chelicerata

Copyright © The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. Permission required for reproduction or display.

19-37

Order Scorpionida: ScorpionsOrder Scorpionida: Scorpions More common in tropical and subtropical More common in tropical and subtropical

zones but occur in temperate areaszones but occur in temperate areas Approximately 1,400 species worldwideApproximately 1,400 species worldwide Nocturnal and feed largely on insects and Nocturnal and feed largely on insects and

spidersspiders Sand-dwellers locate prey by detecting Sand-dwellers locate prey by detecting

surface waves with leg sensillaesurface waves with leg sensillae Appendages attached to cephalothorax Appendages attached to cephalothorax

Pair of medial eyes and 2–5 lateral eyesPair of medial eyes and 2–5 lateral eyes PreabdomenPreabdomen has 7 segments has 7 segments PostabdomenPostabdomen has long, slender tail of five has long, slender tail of five

segments that ends in a stinging apparatussegments that ends in a stinging apparatus

Subphylum ChelicerataSubphylum Chelicerata

Page 38: Classification- Phylum Arthropoda Chapter 19 Subphylum Trilobita (extinct) Subphylum Chelicerata

Copyright © The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. Permission required for reproduction or display.

19-38

Emperor Scorpion with young. Young stay with mother until their first molt.

Harvestmen: Order OpilionesAKA- Daddy Longlegs

Page 39: Classification- Phylum Arthropoda Chapter 19 Subphylum Trilobita (extinct) Subphylum Chelicerata

Copyright © The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. Permission required for reproduction or display.

19-39

Under the abdomen are comblike Under the abdomen are comblike pectinespectines Explore the ground and aid in sex Explore the ground and aid in sex

recognitionrecognition StingerStinger on last segment has venom that on last segment has venom that

varies from mildly painful to dangerousvaries from mildly painful to dangerous Ovoviviparous or viviparousOvoviviparous or viviparous and produce and produce

from 6 to 90 youngfrom 6 to 90 young Perform complex Perform complex mating dancesmating dances

In some species the male stings the female In some species the male stings the female on pedipalp or on edge of cephalothoraxon pedipalp or on edge of cephalothorax

Subphylum ChelicerataSubphylum Chelicerata

Page 40: Classification- Phylum Arthropoda Chapter 19 Subphylum Trilobita (extinct) Subphylum Chelicerata

Copyright © The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. Permission required for reproduction or display.

19-40

Order Opiliones: HarvestmenOrder Opiliones: Harvestmen Harvestmen or Harvestmen or daddy longlegsdaddy longlegs Approximately 5,000 species worldwideApproximately 5,000 species worldwide Unlike spiders, abdomen and cephalothorax Unlike spiders, abdomen and cephalothorax

join broadly join broadly without a narrow pedicelwithout a narrow pedicel Can lose most of their eight long legs without Can lose most of their eight long legs without

ill effectill effect Chelicerae are pincerlike Chelicerae are pincerlike Mostly Mostly scavengers scavengers Have 2 eyes, not 8Have 2 eyes, not 8

Subphylum ChelicerataSubphylum Chelicerata

Page 41: Classification- Phylum Arthropoda Chapter 19 Subphylum Trilobita (extinct) Subphylum Chelicerata

Copyright © The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. Permission required for reproduction or display.

19-41

Order Acari: Ticks and MitesOrder Acari: Ticks and Mites Medically and economically the most Medically and economically the most

important arachnidsimportant arachnids About 30,000 species have been described About 30,000 species have been described Both aquatic and terrestrialBoth aquatic and terrestrial

Inhabit deserts, polar areas, and hot springsInhabit deserts, polar areas, and hot springs Most mites are less than 1 millimeter longMost mites are less than 1 millimeter long Ticks may range up to 2 cmTicks may range up to 2 cm Complete fusionComplete fusion of cephalothorax and of cephalothorax and

abdomen abdomen No sign of external segmentationNo sign of external segmentation

Subphylum ChelicerataSubphylum Chelicerata

Page 42: Classification- Phylum Arthropoda Chapter 19 Subphylum Trilobita (extinct) Subphylum Chelicerata

Copyright © The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. Permission required for reproduction or display.

19-42

Mouthparts on tip of the anterior Mouthparts on tip of the anterior capitulumcapitulum Chelicerae on each side help pierce, tear, or Chelicerae on each side help pierce, tear, or

grip foodgrip food Adult mites and ticks possess 4 pairs of legsAdult mites and ticks possess 4 pairs of legs Transfer sperm directly or by Transfer sperm directly or by

spermatophores spermatophores (packets of sperm)(packets of sperm) Egg hatches, releasing a six-legged larva Egg hatches, releasing a six-legged larva

Eight-legged nymph stages followEight-legged nymph stages follow

Subphylum ChelicerataSubphylum Chelicerata

Page 43: Classification- Phylum Arthropoda Chapter 19 Subphylum Trilobita (extinct) Subphylum Chelicerata

Copyright © The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. Permission required for reproduction or display.

19-43

Wood TickAll stages are ectoparasites

Red Velvet Mite: TrombiculaOnly Larvae is ectoparasite

Page 44: Classification- Phylum Arthropoda Chapter 19 Subphylum Trilobita (extinct) Subphylum Chelicerata

Copyright © The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. Permission required for reproduction or display.

19-44

House dust mites House dust mites Free-living and often cause allergiesFree-living and often cause allergies

Spider mites Spider mites One of many important agricultural pest mites One of many important agricultural pest mites

that suck out plant nutrientsthat suck out plant nutrients Chiggers Chiggers

Larval Larval TrombiculaTrombicula mites mites Feed on dermal tissues and cause skin irritationFeed on dermal tissues and cause skin irritation

Hair follicle mite Demodex Hair follicle mite Demodex Harmless but may cause mild dermatitisHarmless but may cause mild dermatitis

Subphylum ChelicerataSubphylum Chelicerata

Page 45: Classification- Phylum Arthropoda Chapter 19 Subphylum Trilobita (extinct) Subphylum Chelicerata

Copyright © The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. Permission required for reproduction or display.

19-45

Human Follicle Mite

Page 46: Classification- Phylum Arthropoda Chapter 19 Subphylum Trilobita (extinct) Subphylum Chelicerata

Copyright © The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. Permission required for reproduction or display.

19-46

Human itch miteHuman itch mite Causes intense itching Causes intense itching Popular in WWII - due to crowded conditions in Popular in WWII - due to crowded conditions in

which people livedwhich people lived

Subphylum ChelicerataSubphylum Chelicerata

Human Itch Mite

Page 47: Classification- Phylum Arthropoda Chapter 19 Subphylum Trilobita (extinct) Subphylum Chelicerata

Copyright © The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. Permission required for reproduction or display.

Subphylum ChelicerataSubphylum Chelicerata

Ticks:Ticks: 2nd premier disease vector (after mosquito). 2nd premier disease vector (after mosquito). Species include:Species include:

IIxodesxodes Some carry Lyme diseaseSome carry Lyme diseaseBacterial infection dicovered in 1970, in the city of Lyme, Bacterial infection dicovered in 1970, in the city of Lyme,

Conneticut. Conneticut. DermacentorDermacentor

Transmit Rocky Mountain spotted feverTransmit Rocky Mountain spotted feverCattle tick Cattle tick

Transmits Texas cattle fever (Protozoan)Transmits Texas cattle fever (Protozoan)

Page 48: Classification- Phylum Arthropoda Chapter 19 Subphylum Trilobita (extinct) Subphylum Chelicerata

Copyright © The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. Permission required for reproduction or display.

19-48

Tick: Carries Texas Cattle Fever

Page 49: Classification- Phylum Arthropoda Chapter 19 Subphylum Trilobita (extinct) Subphylum Chelicerata

Copyright © The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. Permission required for reproduction or display.

19-49

Subphylum MyriapodaSubphylum Myriapoda

CharacteristicsCharacteristics Myriopods (“Many Footed”) include: Myriopods (“Many Footed”) include:

Chilopoda (centipedes)Chilopoda (centipedes) Diplopoda (millipedes)Diplopoda (millipedes)

Use trachea to transport respiratory gases to Use trachea to transport respiratory gases to all body tissue all body tissue

Excretion usually by Malpighian tubulesExcretion usually by Malpighian tubules

Page 50: Classification- Phylum Arthropoda Chapter 19 Subphylum Trilobita (extinct) Subphylum Chelicerata

Copyright © The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. Permission required for reproduction or display.

19-50

Page 51: Classification- Phylum Arthropoda Chapter 19 Subphylum Trilobita (extinct) Subphylum Chelicerata

Copyright © The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. Permission required for reproduction or display.

19-51

Class ChilopodaClass Chilopoda CentipedesCentipedes Found under logs, bark and stonesFound under logs, bark and stones Carnivorous,Carnivorous, eating earthworms, cockroaches, eating earthworms, cockroaches,

and other insectsand other insects Centipedes usually have one pair of legs on Centipedes usually have one pair of legs on

each segmenteach segment Most harmless to humansMost harmless to humans

Few large, tropical centipedes are dangerousFew large, tropical centipedes are dangerous Approximately 3,000 species worldwideApproximately 3,000 species worldwide

Subphylum MyriapodaSubphylum Myriapoda

Page 52: Classification- Phylum Arthropoda Chapter 19 Subphylum Trilobita (extinct) Subphylum Chelicerata

Copyright © The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. Permission required for reproduction or display.

19-52

Centipede from Amazon, Peru. Head of a Centipede

Page 53: Classification- Phylum Arthropoda Chapter 19 Subphylum Trilobita (extinct) Subphylum Chelicerata

Copyright © The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. Permission required for reproduction or display.

19-53

Characteristics Characteristics Terrestrial and have flattened bodies with up Terrestrial and have flattened bodies with up

to 177 segmentsto 177 segments Each segment except the one behind the head Each segment except the one behind the head

and last twoand last two Bears a pair of jointed legsBears a pair of jointed legs

Appendages of first body segment form Appendages of first body segment form poison clawspoison claws

Head has one pair of Head has one pair of antennaeantennae Eyes on either side of the head consist of Eyes on either side of the head consist of

groups of groups of ocelliocelli

Subphylum MyriapodaSubphylum Myriapoda

Page 54: Classification- Phylum Arthropoda Chapter 19 Subphylum Trilobita (extinct) Subphylum Chelicerata

Copyright © The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. Permission required for reproduction or display.

19-54

ReproductionReproduction Sexes separateSexes separate with unpaired gonads and with unpaired gonads and

paired ductspaired ducts Some lay eggs and others are viviparousSome lay eggs and others are viviparous Young resemble adults and Young resemble adults and do not undergo do not undergo

metamorphosismetamorphosis

Subphylum MyriapodaSubphylum Myriapoda

Page 55: Classification- Phylum Arthropoda Chapter 19 Subphylum Trilobita (extinct) Subphylum Chelicerata

Copyright © The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. Permission required for reproduction or display.

19-55

Class DiplopodaClass Diplopoda Millipedes (double footed)Millipedes (double footed) Less active than centipedesLess active than centipedes

Walk with graceful rather than wriggling motionWalk with graceful rather than wriggling motion Most eat decayed plants but a few eat living Most eat decayed plants but a few eat living

plant tissueplant tissue Most are slow moving and roll into a coil for Most are slow moving and roll into a coil for

defensedefense Some Some secrete toxic or repellant fluidssecrete toxic or repellant fluids from from

special glands on side of bodyspecial glands on side of body More than 10,000 species of worldwideMore than 10,000 species of worldwide

Subphylum MyriapodaSubphylum Myriapoda

Page 56: Classification- Phylum Arthropoda Chapter 19 Subphylum Trilobita (extinct) Subphylum Chelicerata

Copyright © The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. Permission required for reproduction or display.

19-56

Tropical millipede. Head of a Millipede

Page 57: Classification- Phylum Arthropoda Chapter 19 Subphylum Trilobita (extinct) Subphylum Chelicerata

Copyright © The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. Permission required for reproduction or display.

19-57

Characteristics Characteristics Cylindrical bodiesCylindrical bodies with 25 to more than with 25 to more than

100 segments100 segments Short thorax consists of 4 segments, Short thorax consists of 4 segments,

each bearing one pair of legseach bearing one pair of legs Each abdominal segment has 2 sets of Each abdominal segment has 2 sets of

legslegs Head has 2 clusters of simple eyes and Head has 2 clusters of simple eyes and

a pair each of antennae and mandiblesa pair each of antennae and mandibles

Subphylum MyriapodaSubphylum Myriapoda

Page 58: Classification- Phylum Arthropoda Chapter 19 Subphylum Trilobita (extinct) Subphylum Chelicerata

Copyright © The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. Permission required for reproduction or display.

19-58

ReproductionReproduction Appendages of seventh segment specialized Appendages of seventh segment specialized

as as copulatory organscopulatory organs After copulation, female lays eggs in a nest After copulation, female lays eggs in a nest

and guards themand guards them Larvae have only one pair of legs per Larvae have only one pair of legs per

segmentsegment

Subphylum MyriapodaSubphylum Myriapoda

Page 59: Classification- Phylum Arthropoda Chapter 19 Subphylum Trilobita (extinct) Subphylum Chelicerata

Copyright © The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. Permission required for reproduction or display.

19-59

Classification- Phylum ArthropodaClassification- Phylum Arthropoda Subphylum Trilobita (extinct)Subphylum Trilobita (extinct) Subphylum ChelicerataSubphylum Chelicerata

Class ArachnidaClass Arachnida Order AraneaeOrder Araneae Order ScorpionesOrder Scorpiones Order Opiliones (Daddy Longlegs)Order Opiliones (Daddy Longlegs) Order Acari (Ticks and Mites)Order Acari (Ticks and Mites)

Subphylum MyriapodaSubphylum Myriapoda Class DiplopodaClass Diplopoda Class ChilopodaClass Chilopoda

Subphylum CrustaceaSubphylum Crustacea Subphylum HexapodaSubphylum Hexapoda

ClassificationClassification