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Classification of Structures
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Transcript of Classification of Structures
ERKİN TAŞ
CLASSIFICATION OF STRUCTURES
OVERVIEW• Introduction• Structure• Proporties of Structure• Classification of Structure
– According to Material– According to Ground– According to Continuity– According to Purpose of Service– According to Ownership– According to Load-Carrier System– According to Construction Stages– According to Height– According to Elements of Structure
INTRODUCTION
That is a well-prepared presentation about the classification and so many information about
structures and buildings.You can find many interesting topic and issue in this slideshow.Please respect for
labour.
STRUCTURE
• A structure is a thing which is the satisfy the need of nutrition ,harbouring ,transportation and stockpiling of the all living things.
• The various materials are used for construction of structures and they are located on aboveground or underground.
PROPORTIES OF STRUCTURE
• The structure must be constructed accord with the soil of structure.
• The materials must be used accord with structure proporties and construction tecniques.
• The structure must be durable for rain ,snow ,earthquake ,winds etc…
• The structure must be aesthetic appearance.• The cost of the structure must be reasonable.
CLASSIFICATION OF STRUCTURE
• According to Material• According to Ground• According to Continuity• According to Purpose of Service• According to Ownership• According to Load-Carrier System• According to Construction Stages• According to Height• According to Elements of Structure
ACCORDING TO MATERIAL
• Adobe Structures• Wood Structures• Masonry Structures• Half-Timbered Structures• Reinforced Concrete Structures• Steel Structures
Adobe Structures• Adobe is a kind of loam which is
molded with the aid of wood frame to used for walling works in construction.
• The earth is mixed with water and straw.Then the mixture is compressed.After compression the mixture or mud is cast to the wood frames.Then again mixture is compressed.This compression increase the strength of adobe.When the mixture dry ,the adobe is ready for using.
Adobe Structure Examples
Wood Structures
Advantages of Wood Structures ;• Aesthetic Appearance• Freedom of Creavity• Healthy • Sustainability• Low Cost• Energy Efficiency• Aeismic Design• Time Saving• Eco-Friendly
Frame House
Roof Trusses or Rafters Floor Beams or Joints
Frame House
Wood Panel Wall OSB (Oriented Strand Board) Plaque
Wood Structure Examples
Masonry Structures
• The common materials of masonry structures are stone ,brick and briquette.
• Stone ,brick and briquette are used as load-bearing wall’s material.
• High durable form of construction.• Masonry units are bonding
together with the mortar.
Masonry Structure Examples
Half-Timbered Structures
• They have wooden skeleton composed from wooden stud and wooden buttress.
• Stone ,brick and adobe materials are infill materials in half-timbered structures and they are used to fill the space between the wooden skeleton.
Half-Timbered Structure Examples
Reinforced Concrete Structures
• Most popular type of construction in the world.
• Reinforced concrete is a composite material which is consisting of concrete and steel rebars.
• Foundation ,beams ,columns and slabs are the main elemets of the reinforced concrete structure’s skeleton.
Reinforced Concrete Structure Examples
Steel StructuresAdvantages of Steel Structures ;• Short Construction Time• Ductility • Not Heavy• Removable and Reusable• Not Effect from Weather Conditions• High Strength Structural Members• Areas of Usage : Industrial Buildings ,Bridges ,Multi-storey Buildings ,Skyscrapers
etc…
Steel Structure Examples
ACCORDING TO GROUND
Infrastructure Superstructure
ACCORDING TO CONTINUITY
Temporary Structures• Built for temporary time
period• Site Containers ,Stoclpiling
Containers ,Shelters etc…
Permanent Structures• Permanently used
structures.• Residental
Buildings ,Highways ,Bridges ,Hospitals etc…
ACCORDING TO PURPOSE OF SERVICE
• Residental Structures : Seperate House ,Villa ,Apartment etc…• Accommodation Structures : Hotels etc…• Cultural Structures : School ,Library ,Museum etc…• Medical Structures : Hospital ,Dispensary etc…• Religious Structures : Mosque ,Church etc…• Commercial Structures : Banks ,Office etc…• Industrial Structures : Factory ,Treatment Plant etc…• Sport Structures : Stadium ,Hippodrome ,Pool etc…• Hydraulic Structures : Dam ,Aqueduct etc…• Transportation Structures :
Highway ,Viaduct ,Bridge ,Railway ,Airport etc…
ACCORDING TO OWNERSHIP
• Public Structures• Private Ownership Structures• Foundation Structures
ACCORDING TO LOAD-CARRIER SYSTEM
• Masonry Work Structures• Framed Structures• Prefabricated Structures• Lattice Structures• Suspension and Prestress Structures• Dome-type Structures• Tower-type Structures
Masonry Work Structures• Masonry Work Structures do not have load-bearing
skeleton(Reinforced Concrete Columns and Beams).• The load of the building is transfered to foundation and soil
by masonry walls.• Grouted Stone ,Structural Clay Bricks ,Briquette and
Structural Clay Tiles are used to construct load-bearing walls
Masonry Wall Structures
• Floors and Stairs can be reinforced concrete.
Masonry Wall Structures• All load-bearing walls must be one on the
top of the other in per floor.• Per storey of the building must be 3.00 m.• If the the load-bearing walls are mud-wall
or adobe wall ,per storey of the building must be 2.70 m.
• Basement floor must be 2.40 m for masonry wall structures.
Degree of Earthquake Zone At most storey of the Building
1 2
2,3 3
4 4
Masonry Wall Structure Examples
Framed Structures• The load of building is transfered to foundation and soil by a skeleton
which is composed by columns ,beams and floors.• Floors and roof transfer the loads to beams (horizontal load-bearing
elements) and beams transfer the loads to columns (vertical load-bearing elements).
• Bricks are used to fill spaces between the columns and seperate the rooms in framed structures.
• These brick walls do not load-carrier elements.So ,they are modifiable.• There are 3 seperated method for the skeleton of the framed
structures ;– Wooden Skeleton Structures– Reinforced Concrete Skeleton Structures– Steel Skeleton Structures
Frame Structures
Framed Structure Example
Prefabricated Structures
• Elemets of the buildings are manufactured before the construction.
• Elements of the building are montaged and bonded on the construction site.
• There are two kinds of prefabricated structure ;– Heavy Prebafricated Structures– Light Prefabricated Structures
Prefabricated Structure Examples
Lattice Structures
• Plane and Space Frame Systems and Trusses are used for construct the Lattice Structures.
• Lattice Structures are used for gyms ,aircraft hangers ,industrial buildings etc…
Suspension and Prestress Structures
• Not Heavy• Only Tensile Stress on Load-Bearing System• Constructed in Short Time Period• Portable and Modifiable• Not Need to Framework or Scaffold• Large Interior Space for Prestresses
Structures
Suspension and Prestress Structures
If you want more information about construction of the suspension bridges ,you can read my “3.Bosphorus Bridge Presentation” from my slideshare account or from my blog (http://erkintas.blogspot.com.tr).
Dome-type Structures
If you want more information about design of dome-type stadium ,you can read my “Melbourne Stadium Presentation” from my slideshare account or from my blog(http://erkintas.blogspot.com.tr).
Tower-type Structures
ACCORDING TO CONSTRUCTION STAGES
• Rough Construction Works : Load-bearing elements such as ; foundation ,columns ,beams ,floors ,roofs and stairs.
• Fine Construction Works : Works which covers the rough structure such as ; plaster ,painting ,insulations ,installations etc…
ACCORDING TO HEIGHT
• Normal Structures– Height between 3 – 36 meter.– Storey between 1 – 12.
• High-Rise Structures– Height between 37 – 75 meter.– Storey between 12 – 25.
• Skyscrapers– Height more than 75 meter or storey more than 25.
KINGDOM TOWER
Kingdom Tower Construction Project is an on going project and located in Saudi Arabia / Jeddah.When it finish ,it will be the highest structure in the world with height of approximately 1000 meter.The project will be finish in 2018.Estimated construction cost is 1.2 billion dollar.
Skyscraper Examples
Location : TaiwanYear of Construction : 2004Height : 509 meter (101 storey)Load-Bearing System : Reinfoced Concrete and Steel together
Location : MalaysiaYear of Construction : 1998Height : 452 meter (88 storey)Load-Bearing System : Reinfoced Concrete and Steel together
ACCORDING TO ELEMENTS OF STRUCTURE
• Load-bearing Elements– Foundation– Columns– Beams– Floors– Stairs etc…
• Complementary Elements– Doors and Windows– Floor and Roof Tilings and Covers– Balcony Parapets and Stair Rails– Waterproofing and Thermal Insulation– Painting and Landscaping etc…
• Installations– Electric– Central Heating and Natural Gas– Air Conditioning– Elevator– Plumbing– Tv and Internet etc…
THANK YOU
For more slide please visit my blog (http://erkintas.blogspot.com.tr)