Classification of Matter
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Transcript of Classification of Matter
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Classification of Matter
Atoms,Elements, Compounds, Mixtures
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Lesson Objective• Atoms• Elements• Molecules• Compounds• Mixtures
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What is matter?
Matter is anything that takes up space!!!! Matter is everything around you. Matter is anything made of atoms and molecules. Matter is anything that has a mass. There are the states of matter.
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The Atom
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Atoms
• ATOM-An atom is the smallest unit that maintains the characteristics of an element
• Makes up everything in the universe
• Think one of the math blocks
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The Atom
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NucleusProtons
ProtonA positively charged sub-atomic particle (+). Atomic Mass=1 amu
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Elements, Compounds and Mixtures
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Introducing Little Miss “Element”
Hi! I am Little Miss “Element”I am PURE SUBSTANCE
I cannot be broken down into any simpler substance by
means of a chemical reaction*
*Chemical process refers to chemical reaction or heat
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ElementsDefinition of an element:
An element is a pure substance (entirely one type of atom) which cannot be split up
into two or more simpler substances by chemical means.
Sugar is not an element as it can be broken down into carbon and water.
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Elements
Contain only 1 type of atom
Element 1 Element 2
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Note that an element:
• Consists of only one kind of atom,
• Cannot be broken down into a simpler type of matter by either physical or chemical means
• Can exist as either atoms (e.g. argon) or molecules (e.g., nitrogen).
Elements
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Examples of elementsElements are made up of tiny particles
Elements can be further classified into two groups:
Is the smallest particle of an element and has
the same chemical propertiesof the element
Is made up of two or moreatoms that are chemically
bonded together
(note: these atoms are of the SAME element!!)
Hi, I am from the “Noble gas” family and I work alone
We same
same!!
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These are elements!
Atoms of same element
Cu
copper element
Na
sodium element
He
helium element
Molecules of same element
HHydrogen gas element
O
H
OO
ozone
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AtomsAn element is made of tiny particles called atoms.
The atoms of an element is different from that of another element.
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Elements- Atoms
Microscopic view of the atoms of the element argon (gas phase).
Consists of only one kind
of atom
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What is an atom?Examples of models of atoms:
H Na Cl
Hydrogen atom
Sodium atom
Chlorine atom
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MoleculesVery few elements exists as
atoms besides elements such
as helium and neon.
Most elements exist as
molecules.
For example, hydrogen
is H2.
Ozone is O3.
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Elements-Molecules
Microscopic view of the molecules of the element nitrogen (gas phase).
Consists of only one kind
of atom
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Examples of molecules (elements)
H H
N N
O
O
O
O O S
SS
SS
S
SS
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Chemical Symbols of Elements
Chemists use symbols to represent elements.
For example, O represents oxygen while Fe represents iron.
Element Symbol Element Symbol
Calcium Ca Mercury Hg
Carbon C Neon Ne
Hydrogen H Silicon Si
Iron Fe Sodium Na
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Introducing Little Miss “Compounds”
Harlow! Hehee!!!*giggles*
I am also a PURE SUBSTANCEI am made up of a fixed number
of two or more elements chemically combined.
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CompoundsNote that a compound:
• can be broken down into a simpler type of matter (elements) by chemical means (but not by physical means),
• has properties that are different from its component elements
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A compound is a substance which is made up of two or more elements chemically combined together.
What is a compound?
- Chemical reactions taking place.
Qn: Is this a compound?
It only contains one type of element.
Qn: Is this a compound?
It only contains one type of element.
H
O
HO
O
Qn: Is this a compound?
It is not chemically combined.
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CompoundsWhen two or more elements are joined together using
energy (e.g. Heat)
Element 1 Element 2 Compound
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Compounds
Microscopic view of the molecules of the compound water (gas phase). Oxygen atoms are red and hydrogen atoms are white.
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Introducing Little Mr. “Mixture”
Burp!!!! I am messy!
I am formed when two or more substances joined together physically (without chemical
bonds)
I have the same properties as all the substances
AIR
I am his best friend!
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MixturesDefinition of a mixture:
A mixture is not a pure substance as it contains a mixture of atoms of
molecules which are not chemically combined together.
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MixturesNote that a mixture:
• consists of two or more different elements and/or compounds NOT chemically combined.
• can be separated into its components by physical means
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Microscopic view of a gaseous mixture containing two elements (argon and nitrogen) and a compound (water).
Mixtures
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Mixtures
• Examples of mixtures include salt and pepper.
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Little Mr “Mixture”
A Mixture can be:• element + element
• element + compound• compound + compound
He is a “boo-boo!”
He can be separated to its substances by physical
methods
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MixturesElements can be mixed NOT JOINED to make a
mixture
Mixture 1
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Mixtures
Can be separated to get the elements
Mixture 1 Element 1 Element 2
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A mixture of 2 elements
A mixture of two elements, e.g. neon (Ne) and hydrogen (H2)
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A mixture of 1 element and
1 compoundA mixture of one element and one compound, e.g. hydrogen (H2) and ammonia (NH3)
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A mixture of 2 compounds
A mixture of two compounds, e.g. water vapour (H2O) and carbon dioxide (CO2)
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ConclusionAn element is a pure substance which cannot be
split up into two or more simpler substances by chemical means.
A compound consist of a fixed number of different kinds of atoms chemically combined together.
A mixture is not a pure substance as it contains a mixture of atoms of molecules which are not chemically combined together.
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Differences between mixtures and compounds
*giggles*
HeE stupid…
Laugh what? I know I am a
little “bushy and hairy” than
you…
Little Miss CompoundMr Messy
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Comparison between mixtures and compounds
Properties are unique and different from its elements
Same properties as its components
Properties
(chemical / physical)
Elements in a compound Cannot be separated by
physical methods
Components can be separated by physical
methods
Separation
/breakdown
CompoundMixture
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Elements
Contain only 1 type of
atom
Compounds Mixture
Contain 1 or more atoms
JOINED
Contain 1 or more atoms NOT
JOINED
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Challenge Time • Is mineral water an element, mixture or
compound?
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Challenge Time
• Are YOU an element, mixture or compound?
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The End……