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Classification ofLaboratoryVentilationDesign Levels

Developed byASHRAE Technical Committee 9.10, Laboratory SystemsLaboratory Classification Subcommittee

In partnership withAmerican Chemical SocietyDivision of Chemical Health and Safety

andAmerican Industrial Hygiene AssociationLaboratory Health and Safety Committee Atlanta

This publication was developed by the Laboratory Classification Subcommittee ofASHRAE Technical Committee (TC) 9.10, Laboratory Systems, with support from

members of other organizations that specialize in laboratory health and safety.

ASHRAE TC 9.10 Laboratory Classification Subcommittee

Adam Bare, PE, ChairNewcomb & Boyd, LLP

Roland Charneux, PE, HFDP, ASHRAE FellowPageau & Morel

Jim CooganSiemens

Gary Goodson, PEExposure Control Technologies, Inc.

Henry HaysUSDA Agricultural Research Service

Nathan Ho, PEP2S Engineering, Inc.

Guy PerreaultEvap-Tech MTC Inc.

Tom SmithExposure Control Technologies, Inc.

Contributors from Other Organizations

Debbie DeckerUniversity of California, Davis

Ken KretchmanNorth Carolina State University

Rebecca Lally, CIHSouthern California Edison

Elizabeth Kolacki, PECornell University

Peter SlinnNatural Resources Canada

Ralph Stuart, CIHKeene State College

Ellen SweetCornell University

This work is the product of an effort started by Andrew Dymek well over 10 years ago.Thanks to everyone involved for their help in producing this document.

Special thanks go to Tom Smith for his considerable efforts.

Updates/errata for this publicationwill be posted on the ASHRAE website at

www.ashrae.org/publicationupdates.

ISBN 978-1-939200-90-7 (PDF)

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Contents

Introduction . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1

Purpose and Scope. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3

Related Work by Other Organizations. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5

Laws and Regulations . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6

Key Definitions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7

Ventilation for Control of Airborne Hazards. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9

Components and Features ofLaboratory Airflow Control Systems . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10

Laboratory Ventilation Design Levels . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 15

Appendix—Criteria and Attributes forLaboratory Ventilation Design Levels . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 19

References . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 33

Bibliography. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 34

Classification of Laboratory Ventilation Design Levels 1

IntroductionThe Laboratory Classification Subcommittee of ASHRAE Technical Commit-

tee (TC) 9.10, the Laboratory Health and Safety Committee of the AmericanIndustrial Hygiene Association (AIHA), and the Division of Chemical Health andSafety of the American Chemical Society (ACS) have partnered to provide thisdocument to help facility professionals design and operate laboratories with thecapability of supporting the management of exposures to airborne chemicals gen-erated during laboratory scale activities. It is important to note that ventilationalone cannot handle all laboratory chemical hazards and that this documentassumes other control measures, including minimization of chemical risks, goodlaboratory housekeeping, and appropriate emergency procedures, are also inplace. There is a hierarchy of controls that is well established in the safety profes-sion. Laboratory ventilation is a form of engineering controls, which is one layerin this hierarchy. (See the National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health[NIOSH] website www.cdc.gov/niosh/topics/hierarchy/default.html for moreinformation on the hierarchy of controls [NIOSH 2016].)

For the purposes of this document, laboratory scale is defined as a workplacewhere hazardous chemicals are used on a nonproduction basis. The OccupationalSafety and Health Administration (OSHA) laboratory standard 29 CFR1910.1450(b) states:

Laboratory scale means work with substances in which the con-tainers used for reactions, transfers, and other handling of sub-stances are designed to be easily and safely manipulated by oneperson. “Laboratory scale” excludes those workplaces whosefunction is to produce commercial quantities of materials. (OSHACFR n.d.)

While this definition does not place limits on the types or severity of chemicalhazards used in laboratories, it does limit the quantity of materials potentiallyreleased into the laboratory environment to about 4 L (1 gal) or less per process.Mitigating the risk of exposure to laboratory scale generation of airborne chemicalhazards means controlling airborne concentrations below levels known or sus-pected to cause harm to people, property, or the environment through a combina-tion of general and local ventilation as well as the other measures referencedabove.

The risk of exposure to unsafe concentrations of airborne chemicals in labora-tories can range from negligible to extreme, depending on the activities conductedin the laboratories, the types of hazardous chemicals, the quantities of materials,the characteristics of generation, the duration of exposure, and the protection

© 2018 ASHRAE (www.ashrae.org). For personal use only. Additional reproduction, distribution, or transmission in either print or digital form is not permitted without ASHRAE's prior written permission.

2 Classification of Laboratory Ventilation Design Levels

afforded by the laboratory airflow and airborne contaminant control systems. Forthis reason, a risk assessment must be conducted based on the best available infor-mation about the chemical work to be conducted in the laboratory. The ability tomitigate the risk to people, property, and the environment depends on providingan adequate level of protection through proper design, operation, and utilization ofthe laboratory; the exposure control devices (ECDs), such as fume hoods; and thelaboratory ventilation systems. Collectively, the ECDs, the exhaust systems, theair supply systems, and the elements of the laboratory that may affect airflow andcontrol of airborne contaminants are referred to herein as the laboratory airflowcontrol system (LACS). The purpose of the LACS is twofold: it must (1) help pre-vent overexposure to airborne chemical hazards generated during laboratory scaleactivities and (2) satisfy the temperature and humidity conditioning requirementsof the occupants and the processes they conduct in the laboratory workspace.

The protective capability afforded by an LACS must be commensurate withthe level of risk associated with the airborne chemical hazards that may be gener-ated. Tables 2 and 3 provide physical design attributes and operating specifica-tions for an LACS divided into five laboratory ventilation design levels (LVDLs)ranging from LVDL-0 to LVDL-4. The attributes and specifications for eachLVDL are intended to provide increasing levels of protection and control of air-borne chemical hazards to minimize the risk of overexposure. Specifically, anLACS with attributes and specifications associated with LVDL-0 offers the lowestlevel of protection for working with hazardous airborne chemicals, while anLACS designed and operated according to LVDL-4 recommendations offers thehighest level and control of airborne hazards. It is important to note that this guidedoes not provide the tools needed to assess the risk associated with laboratoryscale use of hazardous chemicals. The information contained herein can be usedto evaluate the protective capability of an existing LACS or to help design andoperate an LACS according to the anticipated level of risk or the degree of protec-tion considered necessary to provide a safe and healthy laboratory environment.While higher LVDLs may increase the protective capability of the laboratory, theywill also increase the costs of construction, result in greater energy consumption,increase operating costs, and increase the level of effort required to manage andmaintain performance. These considerations must be carefully considered in thedesign and operation of laboratory facilities.

Laboratory safety is an inviolable constraint and must not be sacrificed forgains in productivity or operating efficiency. Protective measures must be avail-able and appropriate to provide adequate protection and can include a combina-tion of administrative controls, personal protection, and engineering controls.



Purpose and Scope

This effort is limited to issues related to design and operation of laboratoriesand their interactions with LACSs that provide conditioning and control of envi-ronmental air quality in laboratories. It does not seek to duplicate work under thepurview of other ASHRAE committees or other organizations. Methods and toolsto evaluate hazardous chemical procedures or assign a level of risk of airbornechemical hazards are also not a part of this effort. As such, adherence to the rec-ommendations contained in Table 3 may not ensure adequate protection or ade-quately mitigate risk to all possible hazards without a comprehensive hazardevaluation by skilled practitioners. A risk assessment is strongly recommended todetermine the appropriate LVDL, design attributes, and operating specifications.

This document provides background information to help classify, design, andoperate LACSs according to the LVDL table included in the appendix (Table 3).The table describes criteria, design attributes, and operating specifications associ-ated with each LVDL. The purpose of the LVDL classification system andTable A are to foster communication between stakeholders when evaluating theprotective capability of an existing LACS or during discussions about design, con-struction, and operation of a new LACS intended to manage and control airbornechemical hazards.

The recommendations are based, to a large extent, on concepts outlined in theAmerican Conference of Governmental Industrial Hygienists (ACGIH) publica-tion Industrial Ventilation, A Manual of Recommended Practice for Design(ACGIH 2013), ANSI/AIHA/ASSE Z9.5, Laboratory Ventilation (AIHA 2012),and ASHRAE Laboratory Design Guide (ASHRAE 2015). Specifically, this docu-ment addresses considerations likely to be encountered during design, renovation,or ongoing management of laboratories, ECDs, and LACSs. By limiting the scopeof this document to laboratory scale use of airborne hazards, other guidance forlaboratory facility designers may be necessary to accommodate other hazards(i.e., biological, radiological, and physical hazards) not considered in this docu-ment. As such, protective measures for these other hazards that might be encoun-tered in laboratories must be based on a comprehensive hazard and risk analysis.

This guide does not provide the means to assess the risk associated with air-borne chemical hazards, the risk of exposure to other laboratory hazards, or thelevel of performance required of the systems. The five LVDLs outlined in thisdocument may not align with the risk and safety levels described by other organi-zations. However, the classification system described herein can be used as abasis for design and operation of laboratories and evaluating the protective capa-bilities of existing laboratories. Health and safety specialists should be consulted



when investigating and determining the risks associated with hazardous processesand matching to the appropriate LVDL and the interactions of the LACS withother protective measures, such as emergency planning and personal protectiveequipment.



Related Work byOther Organizations

The American Chemical Society (ACS) Committee on Chemical Safety(CCS) documents best practices for safety in chemical activities and providesguidance, methods, and tools for assessing and controlling hazards in researchlaboratories at http://acs.org/safety (ACS n.d.).

For biological laboratories, important references are Biosafety in Microbiolog-ical and Biomedical Laboratories (BMBL) (CDC 2009) and NIH Guidelines forResearch Involving Recombinant or Synthetic Nucleic Acid Molecules (NIHGuidelines) (NIH 2016).



Laws and RegulationsThis guide serves as a resource to help control exposure to airborne chemical

hazards used in laboratories. Elements of this guide are to be implemented in theabsence of, or as a supplement to, respective laws and regulations, standardsdeveloped by authoritative bodies, and site-specific protocols. Where national orlocal laws require a higher (specific or additional) standard, they must be fol-lowed. Where national or local laws require less stringent standards, the facilityguidelines and standards must be followed.

System design and operating requirements must comply with mandatory pro-visions of related codes and standards unless a waiver is granted. Nothing in thisguide is intended to supersede requirements in codes or standards or the require-ments of the authority having jurisdiction, nor is it intended to replace the need toconsult with registered design professionals, code officials, and environmentalhealth and safety specialists necessary to achieve safe workspaces for occupantsand to protect the property or the environment from damage.



Key Definitions

The following definitions provide clarity and context for some of the termsused in this guide.

airborne chemical hazards: Chemicals suspended or mixed in air and which posehazards that can be similarly controlled by ventilation strategies. These are pri-marily gases and vapors from volatile chemicals which present flammability, reac-tivity, toxicity hazards, or odor issues. Other types of airborne contaminants mayinclude particulates, fumes, and aerosols. These are likely to require control strat-egies distinct from those of gases.

emergencies: Situations in which airborne chemical hazards are released inamounts or at rates beyond those anticipated during typical laboratory scale activ-ities and processes. These situations require special or extraordinary action toreturn the laboratory space to acceptable conditions. The primary emergencyresponse strategy involves evacuation of laboratory workers, a response by teamsequipped with appropriate personal protection, and either an extended period ofnonoccupancy or the provision of additional ventilation when available.

failure mode analysis: The process of identifying all failures that are possible in asystem and evaluating the effects of those failures.

hazard: Anything in the workplace that has the potential to harm people, property,or the environment. Hazards can include objects in the workplace such as machin-ery or chemicals, biological materials, and radioisotopes. With respect to airbornehazards, the severity of the hazard is inherent in the properties of the material.

laboratories: Spaces in which the use of hazards meets OSHA’s definition of lab-oratory scale: “work with substances in which the containers used for reactions,transfers, and other handling of substances are designed to be easily and safelymanipulated by one person” (OSHA CFR n.d.). Laboratory scale excludes thoseworkplaces whose function is to scale up or produce commercial quantities ofpotentially hazardous airborne materials.

laboratory ventilation design level (LVDL): Laboratory and ventilation design,components, and operating specifications that can be expected to control concen-trations of airborne chemical hazards generated during laboratory scale proce-dures.

management of change: The ongoing oversight process that provides a mecha-nism to detect and respond to changes in laboratory processes and risk. This mayrequire a reevaluation of the risk and a control banding assignment associated



with the work and modification of the systems to accommodate changes in func-tional or safety requirements.

risk: The probability of contact with an airborne concentration of hazards suffi-cient to cause harm to people (death, injury, or illness), property (degradation orcorrosion) and the environment (pollution).

control banding: A hazard identification and risk assessment system that orga-nizes information about hazards and processes into groups based on their rele-vance to the health and safety scenario of concern. Factors to consider in makingthis assignment in the context of laboratory ventilation include chemical hazard,quantity, and the potential for airborne emissions in the laboratories and building.It is important to note that some processes may fall outside a specific controlbanding system due to unusual hazards or application. Determination as towhether a specific area, device, or process is appropriate for control banding is thefirst step in making a control banding assignment.

ventilation effectiveness: The ability to reduce accumulation of unsafe concentra-tions through the combined mechanisms of dilution and contaminant removalthroughout a laboratory room. Dilution in a well-mixed environment is a functionof the air change rate, whereas ventilation effectiveness is a function of the airflowpatterns resulting from how the air is supplied and exhausted from the space.Increasing the air change rate may not have a positive effect on ventilation effec-tiveness. Both the magnitude of the flow and the resulting airflow patterns withinthe laboratory must be considered to maximize ventilation effectiveness.

volatile chemicals: Chemicals that can be readily vaporized at relatively low tem-peratures (i.e., below 38°C [100°F]). The level of volatility correlates with thevapor pressure of the chemical and thus is chemical specific. For example, a mate-rial such as acetone has a high vapor pressure and a low boiling point, whichequates to high volatility.



Ventilation for Control ofAirborne Hazards

LACSs serve as the primary engineering control to reduce potential for harmto people, property, and the environment by controlling accumulation and migra-tion of airborne chemical hazards generated in laboratories. The ventilation con-trol techniques include containment, capture, dilution, and removal of airbornechemical hazards from the laboratory. LACSs include various types of ECDs suchas fume hoods, snorkel extraction arms, biological safety cabinets, and gloveboxes for local source capture. The LACS also includes the physical layout ortopography of the laboratory that affects airflow patterns within the room, the airsupply and exhaust systems, and the safe discharge of airborne contaminants fromthe building. The degree of protection afforded by the LACS depends on the coor-dinated design, operation, and use of all these elements.

The laboratory and the LACS must be appropriate for the chemical hazardsand capable of providing adequate control and protection when properly designed,operating, and used by trained personnel. The level of risk and the demand forventilation can vary between laboratories and within any laboratory over timedepending on the occupants, the types of hazards, and the processes conducted.For this reason, management of change procedures are particularly important in alaboratory setting. A successful management of change program involves a vari-ety of stakeholders, but the design basis of the laboratory ventilation systemshould include consideration of how to support changes in laboratory practicesover time. Laboratory personnel must be trained to use proper work practices,understand the limitations of the LACS, and recognize when hazardous processesmay exceed the capabilities of the LACS.

As part of this program, the design, construction, and operation of the LACSis based on potential applications and must be capable of providing adequate pro-tection over a range of anticipated operating modes with the flexibility to accom-modate reasonable changes in the demand for ventilation. Many differentprotection techniques and technologies are available to address this need and canbe applied to meet the level of control and protection required. However, using thehighest level of control for all laboratories to accommodate all possible currentand future chemical emission scenarios is impractical and costly. Incorporatingfeatures that can be appropriate for all applications results in an LACS that can beoverly complex, wasteful, and extraordinarily difficult to manage and maintain.As such, the level of control must be defined.



Components and Features ofLaboratory AirflowControl Systems

The design, construction, operation, and use of LACSs affect the ability tocontrol airborne chemicals, meet safety requirements, and satisfy the demand forventilation. LACSs can range from simple, constant-volume (CV), independentsystems to complex, variable-air-volume (VAV), manifolded systems capable ofmodulating airflow for multiple spaces over a range of operating modes. Figure 1and Table 1 depict a complex, modern, VAV exhaust and air supply system capa-ble of modulating flow in response to changes in the demand for ventilation.

Figure 1 is provided to show and describe the primary components of anLACS for reference during discussions with stakeholders who may not be familiarwith the various components, attributes, and specifications described in theappendix.


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Table 1 Typical Components of a Modern LACS

No. Component/Feature Description

1 Redundant N+1,exhaust fans withvariable-frequencydrives (VFDs) andoutdoor-air bypassdampers (OABDs)

Dual exhaust fans (N+1) and stacks with continuous powerbackup. Installation of redundant fans enables better systemdependability. The combination of the VFD OABDs optimizes theability to reduce flow but maintain sufficient plume dischargewhen necessary. Flow control can be optimized by tuning thesequence of operations.

2 Energy recoverysystem

Various types of energy recovery systems can be used dependingon the hazards in the exhaust. The type can affect efficiency andthe potential for recirculation of exhaust. Options includerunaround loops (least efficient, but safest), heat pipes (moreefficient), and rotary heat exchangers (heat wheels) (mostefficient, potentially least safe).

3 Flow monitors andsystem sensors

Exhaust and air supply systems often use flow and static pressuresensors. The measurement of total flow in addition to system staticpressure improves system sensitivity flow tracking and enablesreset of static pressure during periods of reduced demand. Theability to achieve better sensitivity and reduce static pressure canenable significant additional savings.

4 Building automationsystem (BAS)

The BAS can monitor operation, detect operational problems, andtrend operation over time to provide useful operating metrics.

5 Contaminant-sensingdemand-controlledventilation (DCV)

A network of sensors can be installed to sample air quality andmodulate or increase flow when chemicals are detected, enablingminimum airflow when contaminants are not detected in theenvironment. This improves the ability to increase flow foradditional dilution when necessary rather than increasing flow tooperate continuously for possible spill scenarios.

6 Air-handling unit(AHU) supplying100% outdoor airto laboratories

AHUs can provide 100% outdoor air or be equipped to recirculatesome portion of air supplied to the building. Recirculation isprohibited for laboratories that handle airborne hazards.

7 Occupancy sensors Occupancy sensors detect the presence of people in the laboratoryand enable flow to be reduced or set back when laboratories arevacant. Flow reduction lowers the air change rates, potentiallyenabling accumulation of concentrations and exposure uponlaboratory reentry prior to purging.

8 Temperature sensors Temperature sensors (i.e., thermostats) detect room temperatureand translate signals to air supply discharge temperature control oranother source for maintaining room temperature specifications.



9 Air supply controlsand diffusers

The volume and distribution of room air supply can be critical tocontrolling room temperature and dilution and assisting withcontaminant sweep and removal from the space. Improper locationand type of supply diffusers can cause short-circuiting of air thatreduces efficiency or can cause high-velocity cross-drafts that caninterfere with ECD capture and containment.

10 DCV that detectsairborne contaminants

Chemicals and/or other air contaminants can be accidentallyreleased in the laboratory. When they are detected by sensors, theventilation rate can be increased to promote faster dilution andremoval. The detection of contaminants can be reported throughthe building information systems to alert occupants or responsiblestakeholders such as environmental health and safety (EH&S)personnel.

11 Anteroom withcritical roompressure monitoringand controls

Laboratories with a need for isolation to help prevent migration orescape of airborne hazards to nonlaboratory spaces can beequipped with anterooms or vestibules that serve as additionalbarriers to isolate the space and with room pressure monitors toindicate the airflow direction and differential pressure.

12 Airborne contaminantfiltration system

Chemicals and/or other air contaminants can be accidentallyreleased in the laboratory. Filter units can be installed withdifferent types of media to scavenge airborne contaminants andassist with air movement and the effectiveness of the roomventilation systems. Some filter units are equipped withcontaminant detectors and/or sensors to detect and alert users andresponsible stakeholders such as EH&S personnel.

13 Exposure controldevices (ECDs)(local exhaustventilation)

ECDs (local exhaust ventilation) such as ventilated enclosures,snorkel exhaust arms, and hazardous gas cabinets can be installedto assist with source capture and reduce risk in the laboratory andneed or reliance on room dilution ventilation as the primary meansof protection. The ECDs must be appropriate for the airbornehazard and activity.

14 ECDs (VAVfume hoods)

VAV fume hoods provide a high level of protection and modulateflow in response to changes in the use of the fume hood. A VAVfume hood reduces flow depending on sash opening area,occupancy, or other conditions. The minimum flow must besufficient to maintain containment, dilution, and removal ofcontaminants generated within the hood under that operatingmode.

Table 1 Typical Components of a Modern LACS (continued)




15 VAV exhaust flowcontroller

VAV terminals or valves comprise sensors, actuators, and flowdampers to modulate exhaust flow to satisfy the flow requirementsof the VAV fume hood or other exhaust devices in the laboratory.

16 ECDs (CVfume hood)

CV fume hoods are designed for a constant volume of exhaustflow from the fume hood. CV operation is sometimes necessaryfor containment or where high rates of contaminant generationcould cause problems at reduced flow and lower duct transportvelocities.

17 CV exhaust flowcontroller

CV terminals or airflow control valves are used to maintain aconstant flow of air through the exhaust device regardless ofoperating mode.

18 Exhaust stack The design height and ejection velocity can be critical to ensuringadequate discharge of contaminated exhaust air from thelaboratory and ECDs. The height, velocity, and stack design canaffect the dispersion of the contaminated plume and the potentialfor exposure of people working on the roof and nearby. A commonproblem resulting from improper discharge of airborne hazards isreentrainment into the air supply systems.

Table 1 Typical Components of a Modern LACS (continued)




Laboratory VentilationDesign Levels

Estimating risks and the consequent demand for ventilation can help establishappropriate specifications for design and operation of laboratories, ECDs, and theoverall systems. Similarly, an evaluation of the existing LACS can help determinethe existing level of protection and the inherent potential for protection. Knowingthe level of protection afforded by the LACS can help determine suitability forapplications involving hazardous airborne materials or reveal the need to modifythe design or operation based on the risk and required protection. The protectivecapability of an LACS is based on a combination of physical design attributes andoperating specifications such as the air change rates and volume of flow.

This guide categorizes the design and operation of LACSs in five laboratoryventilation design levels (LVDLs). Each level is associated with a different levelof protective capability by virtue of design features (physical attributes) and oper-ating characteristics. As shown in Figure 2, an LVDL-0 represents a laboratorythat offers negligible control of airborne hazards and is appropriate for the lowestrisk activities, whereas an LVDL-4 represents an LACS with features, attributes,and operating characteristics that can offer the highest level of protection. Thelevel of protection afforded by the LACS is not subject to a single design featureor operating specification such as air changes per hour (ACH). Rather, the LVDLand level of protective capability are based on a combination of the components,features, and specifications that make up the LACS. Higher LVDLs can be associ-ated with higher costs for construction, greater energy consumption, increasedcomplexity, higher operating costs, and greater levels of effort to manage andmaintain them.

It is also important for facility owners to recognize that selection of an LVDLfor laboratories during design will impact the type of activities appropriate to beconducted in the laboratories after they are built. Before hazardous work occursin these spaces, a specific review must be performed to determine whether thework is consistent with the assumptions made during the project planning,design, and construction processes. Resources for conducting laboratory hazardand risk assessments are likely to be available in institution-specific informationsuch as institutional design standards, a Laboratory Ventilation ManagementPlan (as required by AIHA/ASSE Z9.5 [AIHA 2012]), or other systems andguidance documents developed by environmental health and safety (EH&S)staff. These resources should be consulted early in the design development phaseor when evaluating the suitability of a laboratory for conducting work with air-borne hazards.


Figure 2 Risks associated with airborne hazards and the levels ofprotection associated with the range of LVDLs.


Table 2 describes the general characteristics and typical application of labora-tories by LVDL. The table of LVDL requirements for design and operation in theappendix provides recommendations for design features, attributes, and specifica-tions for the different LVDLs.



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mig

htap

ply

toan

ych

emic

als

used

orpr

oduc

edby

the

proc

ess:

H33

1,H

332,

H33

3,H

334

and

H33

5,H

336

and

H22

6,H

227,

H22

9,H

242,

H26

1)

Dilu

tion

and

rem

oval

,loc

alex

haus

tve

ntila

tion,

fum

eho

ods,

spec

ial

EC

Ds

(iso

lato

rs)

Ver

yhi

gh•

Inor

gani

c/or

gani

csy

nthe

sis

labo

rato

ries

•T

ypic

alre

sear

chla

bora

tori

es

LV

DL

-4V

ery

larg

eV

ery

high

Ext

rem

e(G

HS

code

sth

atm

ight

appl

yto

any

chem

ical

sus

edor

prod

uced

byth

epr

oces

s:in

addi

tion

toth

eha

zard

code

sfr

omL

VD

L-3

,the

sem

ight

also

appl

y:H

330,

H33

1an

dH

204,

H20

5,H

220,

H22

4,H

240,

H25

0,H

260)

Dilu

tion

and

rem

oval

,loc

alex

haus

tve

ntila

tion,

fum

eho

ods,

spec

ial

EC

Ds

Ext

rem

e•

Che

mic

alde

velo

pmen

tla

bora

tori

es•

Poly

mer

synt

hesi

sla

bora

tori

es•

Org

anic

/inor

gani

cch

emic

alsy

nthe

sis

labo

rato

ries

•Sp

ecia

lhig

h-ha

zard

rese

arch

labo

rato

ries

Tab

le2

Gen

eral

Cha

ract

eris

tics

and

Labo

rato

ryT

ypes

Ass

ocia

ted

with

LVD

Ls(c

ontin

ued)

LVD

L

Gen

eral

Cha

ract

eris

tics

Typ

esof

Labo

rato

ries

orA

pplic

atio

ns

Qua

ntiti

esof

Haz

ardo

usM

ater

ials

Pot

entia

lfo

rAirb

orne

Gen

erat

ion

Haz

ard

Sev

erity

Con

trol

Str

ateg

y

Con

stru

ctio

nan

dO

pera

ting

Cos

ts

* G

HS

= G

lob

ally

Har

mo

niz

ed S

yste

m o

f C

lass

ific

atio

n a

nd

Lab

elin

g o

f C

hem

ical

s (O

SH

A G

HS

n.d

.)



Appendix—Criteria and Attributes forLaboratory VentilationDesign Levels

Table 3 provides recommended criteria, operating specifications, and designattributes for each LVDL. The table is divided into sections based on the generalarea of application and recommended criteria for design and operation. Each sec-tion is further subdivided into individual criteria and a description of each crite-rion as it applies to each LVDL. As stated previously, LVDL-0 to LVDL-4represent increasing levels of protective capability, complexity, costs, etc. Theinformation contained in Table 3 can be used to promote communication betweenstakeholders and offer a level of design and operation commensurate with theactual or perceived level of risk applicable to the laboratory activities.

For existing laboratories, the design and operation of the LACS can bematched with the criteria and description to assign an LVDL. During design ofnew laboratories or when modifying LACSs, Table 3 can be used to determine thedesign level appropriate for the anticipated risk. Where there is great uncertaintyas to the types of activities that might be conducted and where the range of risksmay vary widely, it would be prudent to design and operate the LACS accordingto LVDL-4 recommendations. However, budgetary constraints and other issuesmay warrant designing to a lower LVDL. In these cases, it is necessary to ensureall stakeholders are aware of the limitations and to ensure the space provides ade-quate protection in combination with other protective measures. Finally, an LACScan be designed for higher LVDLs but operate according to lower LVDLs whenappropriate to conserve energy and reduce operating costs. Each laboratory andLACS should be appropriately and conveniently labeled with both the LVDLcapability and the current operating level at the laboratory, and/or this informationshould be available in a central repository for building design information.



Tab

le3

LVD

LR

equi

rem

ents

for

Des

ign

and

Ope

ratio

n

IDC

riter

ion

Des

crip

tion

LVD

L-0

Req

uire

men

tLV

DL-

1R

equi

rem

ent

LVD

L-2

Req

uire

men

tLV

DL-

3R

equi

rem

ent

LVD

L-4

Req

uire

men

t

Air

Rec

ircu

lati

on C

onsid

era

tion

s

1A

irre

circ

ulat

ion

with

inth

esa

me

spac

eis

perm

issi

ble

(by

use

ofsu

pple

men

tal

spac

ere

circ

ulat

ion

units

)

Yes

Yes

,whe

repe

rmitt

edby

AN

SI/A

SHR

AE

Stan

dard

62.1

(for

Cla

ssI,

IIor

IIIa

ir)

(ASH

RA

E20

16).

Con

firm

syst

emco

mpa

tibili

ty(e

.g.,

mat

eria

lsco

mpa

tibili

ty,

pote

ntia

leq

uipm

ent

corr

osio

n,eq

uipm

ent

acce

ssib

ility

,re

activ

ityw

ithco

olin

gco

ilco

nden

satio

n,et

c.)

Sam

eas

LV

DL

-1Sa

me

asL

VD

L-1

No



Air

Rec

ircu

lati

on C

onsid

era

tion

s (co

ntin

ued

)

2E

ntha

lpy

whe

els

perm

itted

Yes

,whe

repe

rmitt

edby

Stan

dard

62.1

.

Lim

itca

rryo

verp

erSt

anda

rd62

.1fo

rC

lass

Iai

r.

Sam

eas

LV

DL

-0Sa

me

asL

VD

L-0

Yes

,if

dete

rmin

edsa

fefo

rpr

esen

t and

futu

reap

plic

atio

nsby

haza

rdan

alys

is(i

nclu

ding

failu

resc

enar

ios)

,mat

eria

lsco

mpa

tibili

tyan

dco

de-

com

plia

nce.

Lim

itca

rryo

ver

per

Stan

dard

62.1

for

the

appl

icab

leai

rcl

assi

fica

tion.

No

3A

irre

circ

ulat

ion

ata

cent

ral

air-

hand

ling

syst

emis

perm

issi

ble

(whe

reth

esy

stem

serv

esm

ore

than

one

spac

e)

Yes

,whe

repe

rmitt

edby

Stan

dard

62.1

(for

Cla

ssI

orII

air

only

).

Req

uire

sre

view

and

appr

oval

byan

EH

&S

prof

essi

onal

.

No

No

No

No

Tab

le3

LVD

LR

equi

rem

ents

for

Des

ign

and

Ope

ratio

n(c

ontin

ued)

IDC

riter

ion

Des

crip

tion

LVD

L-0

Req

uire

men

tLV

DL-

1R

equi

rem

ent

LVD

L-2

Req

uire

men

tLV

DL-

3R

equi

rem

ent

LVD

L-4

Req

uire

men

t



Sup

ply

and

Exh

au

st A

irflo

w R

equ

irem

ents

4O

ccup

ied

min

imum

exha

ust

vent

ilatio

nra

te

(See

the

text

for

the

appl

icat

ion

ofm

inim

umve

ntila

tion

rate

s,w

hich

shou

ldno

tbe

dete

rmin

edw

ithou

tthe

supp

ortin

gri

skan

alys

isun

der

any

cond

ition

.)

Stan

dard

62.1

Stan

dard

62.1

4–6

air

chan

ges

base

don

suff

icie

ntin

form

atio

nfo

rha

zard

revi

ewby

anE

H&

Spr

ofes

sion

alan

dco

mpl

etio

nof

revi

ew.

Gen

eral

vent

ilatio

nra

tem

aybe

low

erif

valid

atio

nof

effe

ctiv

enes

sof

vent

ilatio

nsu

gges

tssu

ffic

ient

dilu

tion

and

cont

amin

ant

rem

oval

.

Ifal

lem

issi

onso

urce

sof

conc

ern

are

cont

aine

dby

use

oflo

cale

xhau

stve

ntila

tion,

and

ifin

adeq

uate

aird

istr

ibut

ion

orm

ixin

gfr

omth

ege

nera

lven

tilat

ion

syst

emis

nota

conc

ern:

•T

ypic

ally

6ac

h*,

othe

rwis

e:•

Incr

ease

airc

hang

espe

rho

ur(8

orm

ore*

)or

inve

stig

ate

and

impr

ove

vent

ilatio

nef

fect

iven

ess.

Gen

eral

vent

ilatio

nra

tem

aybe

low

erif

valid

atio

nof

effe

ctiv

enes

sof

vent

ilatio

nsu

gges

tssu

ffic

ient

dilu

tion

and

cont

amin

antr

emov

al.

* S

cale

min

imu

m a

ir c

han

ge

rate

s u

pw

ard

bas

ed o

n p

roje

ct-s

pec

ific

an

alys

is. T

ech

no

log

ies

such

as

ind

oo

r ai

r q

ual

ity

sen

sin

g c

an b

e u

sed

to

su

pp

ort

th

e re

sult

s o

f th

is

anal

ysis

.

Ifal

lem

issi

onso

urce

sof

conc

ern

are

cont

aine

dby

use

oflo

cale

xhau

stve

ntila

tion,

and

ifin

adeq

uate

air

dist

ribu

tion

orm

ixin

gfr

omth

ege

nera

lve

ntila

tion

syst

emis

nota

conc

ern:

•T

ypic

ally

8ac

h*,

othe

rwis

e:•

Incr

ease

AC

H(1

0or

mor

e*)

orin

vest

igat

ean

dim

prov

eve

ntila

tion

effe

ctiv

enes

s.

Gen

eral

vent

ilatio

nra

tem

aybe

low

erif

valid

atio

nof

effe

ctiv

enes

sof

vent

ilatio

nsu

gges

tssu

ffic

ient

dilu

tion

and

cont

amin

antr

emov

al.

* S

cale

min

imu

m a

ir c

han

ge

rate

s u

pw

ard

bas

ed o

n p

roje

ct-s

pec

ific

an

alys

is. T

ech

no

log

ies

such

as

ind

oo

r ai

r q

ual

ity

sen

sin

g c

an b

e u

sed

to

su

pp

ort

th

e re

sult

s o

f th

is a

nal

ysis

.

Tab

le3

LVD

LR

equi

rem

ents

for

Des

ign

and

Ope

ratio

n(c

ontin

ued)

IDC

riter

ion

Des

crip

tion

LVD

L-0

Req

uire

men

tLV

DL-

1R

equi

rem

ent

LVD

L-2

Req

uire

men

tLV

DL-

3R

equi

rem

ent

LVD

L-4

Req

uire

men

t



Sup

ply

and

Exh

au

st A

irflo

w R

equ

irem

ents

(co

ntin

ued

)

5U

nocc

upie

dm

inim

umex

haus

tve

ntila

tion

rate

Stan

dard

62.1

(for

unoc

cupi

edco

nditi

ons)

Stan

dard

62.1

(for

unoc

cupi

edco

nditi

ons)

Stan

dard

62.1

(for

unoc

cupi

edco

nditi

ons)

Typ

ical

ly,4

ach*

.G

ener

alve

ntila

tion

rate

may

belo

wer

ifva

lidat

ion

ofef

fect

iven

ess

ofve

ntila

tion

sugg

ests

suff

icie

ntdi

lutio

nan

dco

ntam

inan

trem

oval

.

*Sca

le m

inim

um

air

ch

ang

e ra

te

up

war

d o

r d

ow

nw

ard

bas

ed o

n

pro

ject

-sp

ecif

ic a

nal

ysis

. T

ech

no

log

ies

such

as

ind

oo

r ai

r q

ual

ity

sen

sin

g c

an b

e u

sed

to

su

pp

ort

th

e re

sult

s o

f th

is a

nal

ysis

.

Sam

eas

LV

DL

-3

6E

valu

atio

n/co

nfir

mat

ion

ofro

omve

ntila

tion

effe

ctiv

enes

s

Usi

ngst

anda

rdde

sign

prac

tice,

eval

uate

supp

ly,

retu

rn,a

ndex

haus

tde

vice

loca

tions

and

type

sso

asto

prov

ide

adeq

uate

mix

ing

ofsu

pply

air

with

room

air

and

prev

ent

stra

tific

atio

n.

Sam

eas

LV

DL

-0Sa

me

asL

VD

L-0

Sam

eas

LV

DL

-0L

VD

L-0

requ

irem

ents

plus

veri

fyro

omve

ntila

tion

effe

ctiv

enes

svi

adi

sper

sion

mod

elin

gor

phys

ical

mea

sure

men

ts.

Tab

le3

LVD

LR

equi

rem

ents

for

Des

ign

and

Ope

ratio

n(c

ontin

ued)

IDC

riter

ion

Des

crip

tion

LVD

L-0

Req

uire

men

tLV

DL-

1R

equi

rem

ent

LVD

L-2

Req

uire

men

tLV

DL-

3R

equi

rem

ent

LVD

L-4

Req

uire

men

t



Sup

ply

and

Exh

au

st A

irflo

w R

equ

irem

ents

(co

ntin

ued

)

7C

onsi

der

cont

inuo

usin

door

air

qual

itym

onito

ring

Ifsp

ecif

icvo

latil

ech

emic

als

ofco

ncer

nar

eid

entif

ied

(for

exam

ple,

O2

leve

lsin

tem

pera

ture

cont

rolr

oom

s)

No

No

Whe

nsp

ecif

icvo

latil

eco

ntam

inan

tsof

conc

ern

are

iden

tifie

d

As

spec

ifie

dby

proj

ect

requ

irem

ents

8V

entil

atio

ndi

vers

ityfa

ctor

Shou

ldbe

cons

ider

edSh

ould

beco

nsid

ered

Shou

ldbe

cons

ider

edSh

ould

beco

nsid

ered

Shou

ldno

tbe

cons

ider

ed

8C

oolin

gdi

vers

ityfa

ctor

Shou

ldbe

cons

ider

edSh

ould

beco

nsid

ered

Shou

ldbe

cons

ider

edSh

ould

beco

nsid

ered

Shou

ldno

tbe

cons

ider

ed

10H

eatin

gdi

vers

ityfa

ctor

Shou

ldbe

cons

ider

edSh

ould

beco

nsid

ered

Shou

ldbe

cons

ider

edSh

ould

beco

nsid

ered

Shou

ldno

tbe

cons

ider

ed

11ex

haus

tca

ptur

eve

loci

ties

Not

appl

icab

leC

anop

yho

odfa

ceve

loci

ties

shou

ldbe

base

don

capt

ure

crite

ria

Sam

eas

LV

DL

-1C

onsi

der

proj

ect-

spec

ific

anal

ysis

Perf

orm

proj

ect-

spec

ific

anal

ysis

Des

ign

and

Eq

uip

men

t

12E

xhau

stai

rfi

ltrat

ion

ortr

eatm

ent

Not

appl

icab

leN

oN

oN

oSh

ould

beco

nsid

ered

insp

ecif

icsi

tuat

ions

Tab

le3

LVD

LR

equi

rem

ents

for

Des

ign

and

Ope

ratio

n(c

ontin

ued)

IDC

riter

ion

Des

crip

tion

LVD

L-0

Req

uire

men

tLV

DL-

1R

equi

rem

ent

LVD

L-2

Req

uire

men

tLV

DL-

3R

equi

rem

ent

LVD

L-4

Req

uire

men

t



Des

ign

and

Eq

uip

men

t (c

onti

nued

)

13Sp

ark

prot

ectio

nan

dex

plos

ion-

proo

fex

haus

t fan

s

Not

appl

icab

leSh

ould

beco

nsid

ered

for

labo

rato

ryex

haus

tsy

stem

s

Sam

eas

LV

DL

-1Sa

me

asL

VD

L-1

Sam

eas

LV

DL

-1

14D

uctm

ater

ials

Use

stan

dard

desi

gnpr

actic

eSa

me

asL

VD

L-0

Ver

ify

fum

eho

odan

d/or

labo

rato

ryex

haus

tduc

tm

ater

ials

are

appr

opri

ate

Sam

eas

LV

DL

-2Sa

me

asL

VD

L-2

15E

quip

men

tre

dund

ancy

Not

requ

ired

Not

requ

ired

Not

requ

ired

Yes

.

Exh

aust

and

supp

lyai

rsy

stem

ssh

ould

have

mul

tiple

com

pone

nts.

N+1

isno

treq

uire

d.

Yes

.

Exh

aust

and

supp

lyA

irsy

stem

ssh

ould

have

N+

1re

dund

ancy

.

16O

pera

ble

win

dow

spe

rmitt

ed

Yes

Yes

No

No

No

17M

anif

oldi

ngpe

rmitt

edY

esY

esY

esY

esY

es.

Ver

ify

chem

ical

com

patib

ility

.

Tab

le3

LVD

LR

equi

rem

ents

for

Des

ign

and

Ope

ratio

n(c

ontin

ued)

IDC

riter

ion

Des

crip

tion

LVD

L-0

Req

uire

men

tLV

DL-

1R

equi

rem

ent

LVD

L-2

Req

uire

men

tLV

DL-

3R

equi

rem

ent

LVD

L-4

Req

uire

men

t



Des

ign

and

Eq

uip

men

t (c

onti

nued

)

18V

estib

ule

requ

ired

No

No

No

Shou

ldbe

cons

ider

edfo

rso

me

appl

icat

ions

, suc

has

the

follo

win

g:•

Lab

orat

orie

sw

ithca

scad

ing

pres

sure

s•

Lab

orat

orie

sw

ithtig

htte

mpe

ratu

rean

d/or

rela

tive

hum

idity

requ

irem

ents

•L

abor

ator

ies

with

tight

part

icul

ate-

leve

lre

quir

emen

ts(e

.g.,

lase

rla

bora

tori

es)

•L

abor

ator

ies

that

need

tobe

mai

ntai

ned

ata

high

diff

eren

tial

pres

sure

with

resp

ectt

one

ighb

orin

gsp

aces

.

Sam

eas

LV

DL

-3.

19E

mer

genc

ypo

wer

Not

hing

beyo

ndlif

esa

fety

requ

irem

ents

Not

hing

beyo

ndlif

esa

fety

requ

irem

ents

Not

hing

beyo

ndlif

esa

fety

requ

irem

ents

Lif

esa

fety

requ

irem

ents

plus

:•

Fum

eho

odex

haus

tair

shou

ldbe

cons

ider

ed•

Min

imum

light

ing

leve

lson

the

labo

rato

rybe

nch

shou

ldbe

cons

ider

ed

LV

DL

-3re

quir

emen

tspl

us:

•G

ener

alex

haus

tair

shou

ldbe

cons

ider

ed•

Supp

lyai

rsh

ould

beco

nsid

ered

inor

der

topr

even

texc

essi

vene

gativ

epr

essu

riza

tion

Tab

le3

LVD

LR

equi

rem

ents

for

Des

ign

and

Ope

ratio

n(c

ontin

ued)

IDC

riter

ion

Des

crip

tion

LVD

L-0

Req

uire

men

tLV

DL-

1R

equi

rem

ent

LVD

L-2

Req

uire

men

tLV

DL-

3R

equi

rem

ent

LVD

L-4

Req

uire

men

t



Disp

ersio

n M

odel

ing

Req

uir

emen

ts

20D

ispe

rsio

nm

odel

ing

toas

sess

build

ing

reen

trai

nmen

t

No

No

No

Yes

Yes

Con

trol

s Req

uir

emen

ts

21V

AV

perm

itted

Yes

Yes

Yes

.

CV

fum

eho

odex

haus

t sho

uld

beco

nsid

ered

.

ForV

AV

fum

eho

odex

haus

t,m

inim

umdu

ctve

loci

ties

shou

ldbe

cons

ider

ed.

Sam

eas

LV

DL

-2L

VD

L-3

requ

irem

ents

plus

the

supp

lyan

dex

haus

tsy

stem

ssh

ould

beca

pabl

eof

oper

atin

gin

aC

Vm

ode

duri

ngan

even

t.

22D

iffe

rent

ial

pres

sure

orai

rvo

lum

eof

fset

cont

rol

Not

requ

ired

Con

trol

requ

ired

duri

ngem

erge

ncy

mod

eof

oper

atio

non

ly(w

here

appl

icab

le)

Con

trol

requ

ired

duri

ngno

rmal

mod

eof

oper

atio

n.

Dif

fere

ntia

lpre

ssur

esh

ould

beve

rifi

ed.

Sam

eas

LV

DL

-2L

VD

L-2

requ

irem

ents

plus

min

imum

diff

eren

tial

pres

sure

of0.

01in

.w.g

.

Dif

fere

ntia

lpre

ssur

esh

ould

notb

esi

gnif

ican

ten

ough

toim

pact

egre

ss.

Tab

le3

LVD

LR

equi

rem

ents

for

Des

ign

and

Ope

ratio

n(c

ontin

ued)

IDC

riter

ion

Des

crip

tion

LVD

L-0

Req

uire

men

tLV

DL-

1R

equi

rem

ent

LVD

L-2

Req

uire

men

tLV

DL-

3R

equi

rem

ent

LVD

L-4

Req

uire

men

t



Con

trol

s Req

uir

emen

ts (

cont

inu

ed)

23V

entil

atio

npa

ram

eter

mon

itori

ng(e

.g.,

exha

ust

airf

low

,di

ffer

entia

lpr

essu

re,a

irvo

lum

eof

fset

,et

c.)

Ala

rmw

hen

any

mon

itore

dla

bora

tory

cond

ition

sar

eou

tsid

eth

eir

resp

ectiv

eac

cept

able

rang

es.

Sam

eas

LV

DL

-0L

VD

L-0

requ

irem

ents

plus

:•

Prov

ide

loca

lal

arm

sfo

rfu

me

hood

s•

Prov

ide

cont

inuo

usm

onito

ring

ofla

bora

tory

exha

ust

airf

low

LV

DL

-2re

quir

emen

tspl

usco

nsid

erm

onito

ring

labo

rato

rydi

ffer

entia

lpr

essu

re.

LV

DL

-3re

quir

emen

tspl

us:

•Pr

ovid

eco

ntin

uous

mon

itori

ngof

labo

rato

rydi

ffer

entia

lpre

ssur

e•

Con

side

rlo

cala

udib

lean

d/or

visu

alal

arm

sfo

rla

bora

tory

exha

ust

airf

low

and/

ordi

ffer

entia

lpr

essu

re

24U

seof

tren

dda

taN

otre

quir

edN

otre

quir

edR

equi

red

Req

uire

dR

equi

red

25E

mer

genc

ypu

rge

mod

eN

otre

quir

edN

otre

quir

edSh

ould

beco

nsid

ered

Shou

ldbe

cons

ider

edSh

ould

beco

nsid

ered

Tab

le3

LVD

LR

equi

rem

ents

for

Des

ign

and

Ope

ratio

n(c

ontin

ued)

IDC

riter

ion

Des

crip

tion

LVD

L-0

Req

uire

men

tLV

DL-

1R

equi

rem

ent

LVD

L-2

Req

uire

men

tLV

DL-

3R

equi

rem

ent

LVD

L-4

Req

uire

men

t



Gen

era

l La

bor

ato

ry M

ana

gem

ent

26M

anag

emen

tof

chan

gePo

tent

ialf

orin

crea

sein

chem

ical

use

toL

VD

L-1

isun

likel

ybu

tpos

sibl

ew

ithsi

gnif

ican

tcha

nges

toth

eve

ntila

tion

syst

emde

sign

.

Pote

ntia

lfor

incr

ease

inch

emic

alus

eto

LV

DL

-2is

unlik

ely

butp

ossi

ble

with

sign

ific

antc

hang

esto

the

vent

ilatio

nsy

stem

desi

gn.

Pote

ntia

lfor

incr

ease

inch

emic

alus

eto

LV

DL

-3is

unlik

ely

but

poss

ible

.

Ven

tilat

ion

requ

irem

ents

shou

ldbe

incr

ease

dto

6–8

ach

shou

ldsp

ace

use

chan

ges

toL

VD

L-3

orL

VD

L-4

occu

r.

Ifth

ere

ispo

tent

ial

for

this

incr

ease

,ca

paci

tyof

the

air

hand

ling

syst

ems

mus

tbe

cons

ider

ed.

Pote

ntia

lfor

incr

ease

inch

emic

alus

eto

LV

DL

-4is

unlik

ely

butp

ossi

ble

with

sign

ific

antc

hang

esto

the

vent

ilatio

nsy

stem

desi

gn.

Ven

tilat

ion

requ

irem

ents

shou

ldbe

incr

ease

dto

8–10

ach

shou

ldsp

ace

use

chan

ges

toL

VD

L-4

occu

r,w

hich

wou

ldre

quir

ea

safe

tyan

alys

is.

Cha

nges

tola

bora

tory

requ

ire

asa

fety

anal

ysis

.

Tab

le3

LVD

LR

equi

rem

ents

for

Des

ign

and

Ope

ratio

n(c

ontin

ued)

IDC

riter

ion

Des

crip

tion

LVD

L-0

Req

uire

men

tLV

DL-

1R

equi

rem

ent

LVD

L-2

Req

uire

men

tLV

DL-

3R

equi

rem

ent

LVD

L-4

Req

uire

men

t



Gen

era

l La

bor

ato

ry M

ana

gem

ent

(con

tinu

ed)

27Fa

ilure

mod

ean

alys

isN

otre

quir

edN

otre

quir

edN

otre

quir

edPe

rfor

mfa

ilure

mod

ean

alys

isfo

rth

efo

llow

ing

cond

ition

s,at

am

inim

um:

•E

xhau

stsy

stem

failu

re•

Los

sof

norm

alpo

wer

and

oper

atio

nsdu

ring

use

ofst

andb

ypo

wer

•L

oss

ofla

bora

tory

supp

lyor

mak

eup

air

•L

oss

ofla

bora

tory

diff

eren

tialp

ress

ure

Sam

eas

LV

DL

-3

28B

uild

ing/

room

tight

ness

Sam

eas

gene

ral

offi

ceco

nstr

uctio

nSa

me

asge

nera

lof

fice

cons

truc

tion

Roo

mco

nstr

uctio

nsh

ould

besu

ffic

ient

lytig

htin

orde

rto

mee

tthe

diff

eren

tialp

ress

ure

requ

irem

ents

(see

crite

rion

20).

Wal

lpen

etra

tions

shou

ldbe

seal

ed,

and

limita

tions

todo

orun

derc

uts

shou

ldbe

cons

ider

ed.

Sam

eas

LV

DL

-2L

VD

L-2

requ

irem

ents

plus

:•

Con

side

rpe

rfor

min

ga

visu

alin

tegr

ityte

star

ound

the

room

peri

met

er(e

.g.,

smok

eor

soap

bubb

lete

sts)

•C

onsi

der

mak

ing

the

room

leak

age

adju

stab

le(e

.g.,

usin

gdo

orsw

eeps

)•

Ifro

omde

cont

amin

atio

nne

eds

tobe

perf

orm

ed,

addi

tiona

ltig

htne

ssm

aybe

requ

ired

.

Tab

le3

LVD

LR

equi

rem

ents

for

Des

ign

and

Ope

ratio

n(c

ontin

ued)

IDC

riter

ion

Des

crip

tion

LVD

L-0

Req

uire

men

tLV

DL-

1R

equi

rem

ent

LVD

L-2

Req

uire

men

tLV

DL-

3R

equi

rem

ent

LVD

L-4

Req

uire

men

t



Gen

era

l La

bor

ato

ry M

ana

gem

ent

(con

tinu

ed)

29Si

gnag

ew

ithin

room

Prov

ide

requ

ired

sign

age

appl

icab

leto

LV

DL

-0la

bora

tori

es

Prov

ide

requ

ired

sign

age

appl

icab

leto

LV

DL

-1la

bora

tori

es

Prov

ide

requ

ired

sign

age

appl

icab

leto

LV

DL

-2la

bora

tori

es

Prov

ide

requ

ired

sign

age

appl

icab

leto

LV

DL

-3la

bora

tori

es

Prov

ide

requ

ired

sign

age

appl

icab

leto

LV

DL

-4la

bora

tori

es

30T

estin

g,ad

just

ing,

and

bala

ncin

g

Req

uire

dR

equi

red

Req

uire

dR

equi

red

Req

uire

d

31D

ocum

enta

tion

Prov

ide

equi

pmen

top

erat

ing

man

uals

and

aco

mm

issi

onin

gre

port

(if

appl

icab

le)

Sam

eas

LV

DL

-0L

VD

L-0

requ

irem

ents

plus

fum

eho

od(a

nd/o

rot

her

vent

ilatio

neq

uipm

ent)

cont

ainm

entt

est

repo

rts.

Sam

eas

LV

DL

-2Sa

me

asL

VD

L-2

Tab

le3

LVD

LR

equi

rem

ents

for

Des

ign

and

Ope

ratio

n(c

ontin

ued)

IDC

riter

ion

Des

crip

tion

LVD

L-0

Req

uire

men

tLV

DL-

1R

equi

rem

ent

LVD

L-2

Req

uire

men

tLV

DL-

3R

equi

rem

ent

LVD

L-4

Req

uire

men

t



Gen

era

l La

bor

ato

ry M

ana

gem

ent

(con

tinu

ed)

32C

omm

issi

onin

gor

perf

orm

ance

veri

fica

tion

Val

idat

esp

ace

tem

pera

ture

cont

rols

syst

ems

Sam

eas

LV

DL

-0L

VD

L-0

requ

irem

ents

plus

:•

Val

idat

eal

lm

akeu

pai

r,ex

haus

t,an

dve

ntila

tion

syst

ems

•C

onsi

der

spec

ific

syst

ems

that

war

rant

addi

tiona

lva

lidat

ion,

incl

udin

gfa

ilure

mod

ete

stin

g,to

coin

cide

with

the

antic

ipat

edas

soci

ated

risk

s

Sam

eas

LV

DL

-2L

VD

L-2

requ

irem

ents

plus

cons

ider

faci

lity

pres

sure

map

ping

Tab

le3

LVD

LR

equi

rem

ents

for

Des

ign

and

Ope

ratio

n(c

ontin

ued)

IDC

riter

ion

Des

crip

tion

LVD

L-0

Req

uire

men

tLV

DL-

1R

equi

rem

ent

LVD

L-2

Req

uire

men

tLV

DL-

3R

equi

rem

ent

LVD

L-4

Req

uire

men

t



References

ACGIH. 2013. Industrial ventilation: A manual of recommended practice fordesign, 28th ed. Cincinnati, Ohio: American Conference of GovernmentalIndustrial Hygienists, 2010.

ACS. n.d. Chemical & laboratory safety. Washington, DC: American ChemicalSociety. http://acs.org/safety.

AIHA. 2012. ANSI/AIHA/ASSE Z9.5-2012, Laboratory ventilation. FallsChurch, VA: American Industrial Hygiene Association.

ASHRAE. 2016. ANSI/ASHRAE Standard 62.1, Ventilation for acceptableindoor air quality. Atlanta: ASHRAE.

ASHRAE. 2015. ASHRAE laboratory design guide: Planning and operation oflaboratory HVAC systems, 2nd ed. Atlanta: ASHRAE.

CDC. 2009. Biosafety in microbiological and biomedical laboratories (BMBL),5th ed. DHHS Publication No. (CDC) 21-1112. Atlanta: Centers for DiseaseControl and Prevention, U.S. Department of Health and Human Services.www.cdc.gov/biosafety/publications/bmbl5.

NIH. 2016. NIH guidelines for research involving recombinant or syntheticnucleic acid molecules (NIH guidelines). Bethesda, MD: National Institutes ofHealth, Department of Health and Human Services. https://osp.od.nih.gov/wp-content/uploads/2013/06/NIH_Guidelines.pdf.

NIOSH. 2016. Hierarchy of controls. Atlanta: National Institute for OccupationalSafety and Health, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. https://www.cdc.gov/niosh/topics/hierarchy/default.html.

OSHA CFR. n.d. Code of Federal Regulations. 29 CFR 1910.1450, Occupationalexposure to hazardous chemicals in laboratories. Washington, DC: Occupa-tional Safety and Health Administration. Accessed April 2018. https://www.osha.gov/pls/oshaweb/owadisp.show_document?p_table=STANDARDS&p_id=10106.

OSHA GHS. n.d. The Globally Harmonized System for Hazard Communication.Foundation of Workplace Chemical Safety Programs. Accessed April 2018.https://www.osha.gov/dsg/hazcom/global.html.



Bibliography

ACS. 2013. Identifying and evaluating hazards in research laboratories. Wash-ington, DC: American Chemical Society.

Diberardinis, L.J. 2013. Guidelines for laboratory design, 4th ed. New York: JohnWiley and Sons.

Dougherty, T.M. 1999. Chapter 6, Risk assessment techniques. In Handbook ofoccupational safety and health, 2nd ed. Ed. L. DiBerardinis. New York: JohnWiley and Sons.

Heinsohn, R.J. 1991. Industrial ventilation: Engineering principles. New York:John Wiley and Sons.

Smith, T.C., and S.M. Crooks. 1996. implementing a laboratory ventilation man-agement program. Journal of Chemical Health and Safety 3(2):12–16.


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