Classification and Kingdoms. Phylogeny Is the study of the evolutionary history of a species... how...
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Transcript of Classification and Kingdoms. Phylogeny Is the study of the evolutionary history of a species... how...
![Page 1: Classification and Kingdoms. Phylogeny Is the study of the evolutionary history of a species... how it developed over time.](https://reader035.fdocuments.net/reader035/viewer/2022062302/5a4d1adf7f8b9ab059976515/html5/thumbnails/1.jpg)
Classification and
Kingdoms
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PhylogenyIs the study of the
evolutionary history of a species...
how it developed over time.
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Phylogenetic Tree Example
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How are living organisms organized?
•They are grouped into categories according to their similarities
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TaxonomyThe science of
classifying organisms
according to their natural
relationships.
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Carolus Linnaeus( 1707 - 1778 )
Swedish naturalist, devised the system we still use today. It uses two names
to identify each species
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All Organisms were classified
and given a Scientific Name
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He placed structurally
similar animals into groups he called species
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Linnaeus grouped
similar species into a larger
category called a genus
( plural: genera )
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He grouped similar
genera into a still-larger category called a family
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Families make up larger groups called orders.
Orders make up larger groups called classes.
Classes make up larger groups called phyla. (singular: phylum)
Phyla make up the largest group called a Kingdom.
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In KingdomsPlantae and Fungi ....
the second-largest group is called a
Division instead of a Phylum.
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8 Level System of Classification of Living
Things (In order from Largest to Smallest)
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•Domain•Kingdom•Phylum•Class•Order•Family•Genus•Species
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How can anyone ever remember all of these names --
AND in the correct order ???
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How can anyone ever remember all of these names --
AND in the correct order ???There’s a secret to it!
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If you can remember the
following sentence, you can remember all of
these groups too!
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Dashing King Phillip
Came Over For Great Spaghetti
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Domains• Today Scientists have added a new
group called Domains. There are 3 domains: Eukarya
Archaea Eubacteria• Domains are larger than Kingdoms so
we now can add DASHING King Philip Came Over For Great Spaghetti !
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Members of a species can
reproduce and create offspring which are also
capable of reproducing.
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A horse and a donkey can mate and produce
offspring. However, the offspring
(called a mule) is sterile and cannot reproduce.Therefore, horses
and donkeys belong to different
species.
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Binomial Nomenclatur
e
System of Scientific Naming =
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Binomial means “two
names.”Nomenclature means “a system of naming.”
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Scientific Name =Genus species•Written in LATIN
•Always Written in Italics or underlined
•Genus is always written with a CAPITAL letter
•species is always written with a LOWER CASE letter
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Your genus is Homo and your species is sapiens; therefore, your scientific
name is Homo sapiens.
Your COMMON NAME is Human
You are a member of :Homo sapiens.
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You are a multicellular mobile
heterotroph
Domain: Eukarya
Kingdom: Animalia
Classification of Man:
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We named ourselves after our ability to
think
Domain: Eukarya
Kingdom: Animalia
Phylum: Chordata
Class: Mammalia
Order: Primata
Family: Hominidae
Genus: Homo
Species: sapiens
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Examples of Scientific
Names and their Common Names
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Alligator mississippiensis
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Alligator mississippiensis
American Alligator
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Dichotomous Key
A written set of opposite choices that is used to
identify a species
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Does the organism have spines?
If “Yes” continue, if “No” skip to question 114.Does the organism have five
appendages (legs)?If “Yes” continue, if “No” skip to
question 21.
Dichotomous Key Example
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6 Kingdom
s
There are:
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1. - Archaebacteria2. Eubacteria3. - Protista4. - Fungi5. - Plantae6. - Animalia
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EXAMPLESand
CHARACTERISTICS
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EuBacteria= Bacteria (Domain)
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Eubacteria Unicellular ProkaryoteCell walls are made of peptidoglycan. (sugar)
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ArchaebacteriaDomain Archaea
• Prokaryotes• Unicellular• Live in extreme environments like
hot springs, the dead sea and places with no oxygen. ( Thermophiles, Halophiles, methanogens)
• Cell walls DO NOT contain peptidoglycan.
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Protista =
Protozoans and Algaes
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Protista = Unicellular Eukaryote Mobile and Non-Mobile Autotrophs and Heterotrophs
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Fungi = Mushrooms Molds and Yeasts
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Fungi = Multicellular Eukaryote Non-Mobile Heterotroph
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Plantae = Oak Trees and Roses etc...
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Plantae = Multicellular Eukaryote Non-Mobile Autotroph
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Animalia = Sponges, HumansGrasshoppers, Catsetc...
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Animalia = Multicellular Eukaryote Mobile Heterotroph