Classification and definitions of forest product~ · Timber Division in Geneva carried out the...
57
UNITED NATIONS ECONOMIC COMMISSION FOR EUROPE FOOD AND AGRICULTURE ORGANIZATION OF THE UNITED NATIONS • Classification and definitions of forest SUPPLEMENT 14 TO VOLUME XXXIV OF THE " TIMBER BULLETIN FOR EUROPE" Geneva, April 1982
Transcript of Classification and definitions of forest product~ · Timber Division in Geneva carried out the...
UNITED NATIONS ECONOMIC COMMISSION FOR EUROPE
FOOD AND AGRICULTURE ORGANIZATION OF THE UNITED NATIONS
•
Classification and definitions
of forest product~
SUPPLEMENT 14 TO VOLUME XXXIV OF THE " TIMBER BULLETIN FOR EUROPE"
Geneva, April 1982
Copies of the "Timber Bulletin for Europe" and its supplementsmay be obtained by standing order from the 'sales Section,United Nations Office at Geneva, Palais des Nations, 1211Geneva 10, Switzerland, or may be ordered through the distributors for United Nations publications in local currencies.
00700P
Table of contents
Preface
Notes on the classification of forest products
Classification of forest products
1
4
7
Group 1
Group 2
Group 3
Grouo 4
Group 5
Group 6
Group 7
Group 8
Group 9
Group 10
Definitions
~ood in the rough
Residues of wood processing;recoverable wood products
Wood chips and particles
wood simply worked or processed
wood sawn lengthwise: veneer sheets
Wood-based panels (including similar oanelsfrom other ligna-cellulosic materials)
Pulp of wood or other ligna-cellulosic materialsand pulp of waste paper
Paper and paperboard
waste paper
Raw, semi-processed and worked cork
7
12
16
18
21
24
27
29
34
35
36
Annex to the ~efinitions: use classification of wood raw material
,..
54
- 1 PREFACE
Intr01uction
In work on forest products statistics, industry and trade statistics, and inthe development of forestry and industry statistical systems, a system ofclassification and definitions is an essential component. In view of theinteraction between different systems - between trade and produc t Lon for exampleand between different countries and regions - it has been found desirable that acomprehensive classification and set of definitions should be available. Thisshould provide a reference for the development of new statistical systems and asource of clarification of the relationships between existing systems. Theclassification and definitions presented here are designed to 9rovide 'a broadreference which will be useful in relation to forestry and forest industryproduction, industry capacity and trade. They do not attempt to lay down strictspecifications such as might be found in national standards or in tra1e and tariffregulations, but they do aim to draw attention to the characteristics whichdifferentiate between items that are of practical importance in the different areasof the sector's activities, and to indicate aggregate and subdivisions of productsand materials that have practical significance.
Classification and Definitions of Forest Products (Advance version) waspublished as Supplement 6 to Volume XXV of the Timber Bulletin for Burope in Genevain 1973. This was the result of work of the Joint FAO/ECE Working Party on ForestEconomics and Statistics.
In 1979 this Working Party recommended that the classification should bebrought up to date to take account of revisions of the Standard International TradeClassification, the work of the Customs Cooperation ~ouncil on a harmonizedcommodity description and coding system, and to take account of changes intechnology, industry and trade practice and the appearance of new products. It wasalso recommended that this revision should ensure that the needs of all regions ofthe world are accommodated.
The Fl\.O Forestry Department in Rome and the .Joint FAO/BCE Agriculture andTimber Division in Geneva carried out the revision with the assistance ofconsultants in a number of develojJing countries and with the advice of the Fl\.OCommittee on '>lood-Based Panel Products and the Fl\.O l\.dvisory Committee on Pulp andPaper. The draft was circulated to Forest Services, to members of the twocommittees, to ISO and to other expert bod i.e s , before consideration by an ad hocmeeting in March 1981 and the thirteenth session of the Joint Fl\.O/BCE Working Partyon Forest Economics and Statistics in June 1981.
FAO is pUblishing an Bnglish/French/Spanish/Arabic edition of theclassification and definitions, which also includes complete texts of the relevantsections of the other international c Lass i f i c a t Lons to which cross-references aresupplied.
Criteria of classification
One basic purpose of the classification system for f0rest products is toimprove comparability of statistics of different types collected from a wide rangeof sources.
In addition, it is envisaged as providing:
( a). ,.'a basIs for statistical collection procedures involving such data as
production, stocks, international trade and production capacity;
(b) a framework for compilation and presentation of statistics;
a
- 2 -
(c) aggregates and elements for analyses such as those of production relationships, trade patterns, utilization of materials, and commodity balances;
(d) a set of elements (or building blocks) suitable for rearrangement o~
expansion for special studies .or for special purpose classification systems;
(e) a basis for design of computer programmes for processing, storage, retrievaland analytical manipulation of data on forest products.
Attention is also drawn to the need for general classification of forestproducts to assist in world-wide activities in the forest and forest productssector.
Considerations incorporated in the formulation of subdivisions in theexisting classification include:
- chief'component material- stage of manufacture- technology applied in production- purpose or intended use.
So far as possible, each group is confined to only one stage of manufacture i.e.
- crude materials- products of first processing- products of further processing.
An important consideration in the present reV1Slon is the harmonization withthe major international classification. Shown with the classification is the crossreference to major international classification systems, namely;
HS
- CCCN
Activity - ISIC- BEC- SITC Rev.2
UN Standard Industrial Classification of All EconomicUN Classification by Broad Economic CategoriesUN Standard International Trade ClassificationCustoms Cooperation Council Nomenclature for theClassification of Goods in Customs Tariffs
Customs Cooperation Council Harmonized Commodity Descriptionand Coding Systems l!
It should be noted that the headings of the present classification do not coincideexactly with those of any of the above-mentioned classifications. Thecross-references are therefore indications of some degree of coincidence betweenthe two classifications, not of a one-to-one correspondence.
Coding,
The classification is supported by a unique numer ical reference to eachelement and aggregate. The decimal ordering initially adopted relates consistentlyto the characteristics used to identify subdivisions, namely stage of manufacture,chief component mater~l, technology applied and intended use. The order in whichthese characteristics are treated is not uniform throughout the system. The codingsystem appears capable of conversion to one which would simplify aggregation acrosscharacteristics and facilitate the introduction of finer subdivision where this wasrequired for a particular application.
;0-
1/ provisional texts of the Harmonized Commodity Description and Coding System as;greed at the 25th session of the Harmonized system Committee of the CustomsCo-operation Council, 10 July 1981.
- 3 -Coverage
This classification of forest products is designed to cover the wood and wood-based products for which FAO and ECE collect statistics on a regular basis. Included is wood taken from forests or from trees outside the forest, bark and cork; charcoal; wood and wood-based materials resulting from the first processing of the wood available from forest operations (including sawnwood, railway sleepers, veneer sheets, wood pulp and wood residues); and materials resulting from further processing of some of these materials (e.g. wood-based panels, paper and paperboard); waste paper and recoverable wood products. Manufactured articles of wood and paper (as opposed to materials) are excluded as outside the regular data collection programmes of FAO and ECE.
This classification does not attempt to cover non-wood forest products such as small ornamental trees cut for special purposes; nuts, berries, seeds, roots, or other parts of .plants gathered in forest areas; gums, balsams, lacs, etc.; wood derivatives such as turpentine, tall oil, sulphite dye and other chemicals. Forestry operations and services such as reforestation, forest protection (including fire protection and fire fighting) are also excluded, along with other forest-based activities such as protection and management of watersheds, of forest wildlife and of forest recreational areas.
Detailed examination of the categories for forest products will reveal coverage of some non-wood materials. This illustrates one kind of compromise that inevitably arises in a multi-purpose classification system. The present classification is concerned with materials of wood and those based upon wood. If it '.-lere designed with one purpose in view (e.g. the collection of customs duties) its coverage could be confined strictly to materials of wood by an appropriate set of rules based upon identification of the constituent commodities according to a physical characteristic, 1. e. those composed of wood. However, when the classification system is to be used also for statistics of production, international trade, industrial capacity, etc., as well as in analyses involving data from a variety of sources, the rules governing definition of content must take account not only of material content in commodities, but of their relationships in production, and their relationships in use. Some materials containing wood but not composed entirely of wood and other materials made from wood-like substances have the same uses as, and may be produced in conjunction with, wood or wood-based materials. Thus, two of the broad groups in the present classification contain some materials of non-wood composition, Le. the group which includes panels similar to those based on wood but composed of other ligna-cellulosic materials or containing mineral binders; and the group which contains pulp made from non-wood fibrous vegetable materials as well as waste paper. In all these cases, however, separate classes are provided for the products of non-wood materials.
The primary groupings adopted are the following:
(1) Wood in the rough (2) Residues of wood processing; recoverable wood products (3) Wood chips and particles (4) Wood simply worked or processed (5) Wood sawn lengthwise; veneer sheets (6) Wood-based panels (including similar panels from other ligna-cellulosic
materials); (7) Pulp of wood, other fibrous ligna-cellulosic materials and pulp of waste
paper (8) Paper ~nd paperboard (9) waste/paper
(10) Raw, semi-processed and worked cork.
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NOTES ON THE CLASSIFICATION OF FOREST PRODUCTS
The groups incover each principalthe manufacture ofconversion. It takesoperation may be used
this classification of forest products have been selected tostage of of operatio~ from the initial felling of the tree tothe primary product suitable for consumption or furtherinto account the fact that the by-~roducts from one stage ofas the raw material for another.
1. Wood in the rough
This group is intended to provide a first approximation to a measure of theforest harvest taken in a period. Though it covers all wood raw material,statistical records may omit wood chips and particles obtained from wood in therough, which are included in a SUbsequent group, where the first record of rawmaterial input is of the chips produced.
The basic subdivision adopted for the classification in this group are:
(a) coniferous or non-coniferous,
(b) form of raw material, i.e. logs, wood in the rough other thanlogs from main stem and branches, other wood and tree biomass,
(c) primary purpose or intended use, e.g. for sawnwood, sleepers,pulp, wood-based panels, energy, etc.
Other wood and tree biomass is further subdivided into that from tops,stumps and roots, branches, etc. The increasing importance of this latter item,due to advances in logging and processing techniques, is thus recognized.
The separation between coniferous and non-coniferous takes account of thefact that, especially in removal and utilization statistics, this distinction maybe easier to make and is often more important than th3t between assortments of woodin the round. Of comparable importance from the point of view of utilizationstatistics are the fourth and fifth digit details of wood from main stem andbranches,· i.e. for sawnwood, for veneer sheets, etc. Developments in logging andutilization make it increasingly difficult to categorize assortments according totraditional terminology - sawlogs, pulpwood, fuelwood - and particularly difficultto lay down generally applicable specifications. On the other hand, it has to berecognized that, in particular markets, size and quality limits are specified andapplied and that substantial quantities may be identified by those specifications.
2. Residues of wood processing; recoverable wood products
This group, like group 3, consists of wood which has passed through someform of processing but which also constitutes the raw material of a furtherprocess. The bases adopted for the classification in this group are:
(a) coniferous or non-coniferous~
(b) source·of material - processing residues or recoverable wood products;
(c) characteristics of material - for residues, solid wood or not of solidwood, for recoverable wood products, contaminated or uncontaminated;
(d) jend use, e.g. for pu Lp, particle board, e cc , , with a higher level~'distinction where appropriate between material for chipping and
material not for chipping.
- 5 -3. Wood chips and particles
This group covers intermediate products, which may be manufactured from anumber of sources (groups land 2) and have a great variety of uses. They areclassified by the following criteria:
(a) coniferous or non-coniferous;(b) source (wood in the rough, residues or recovered wood products);(c) end use, e.g. for pulp, particle board, etc.
4. Wood simply worked
This group includes
(a) pressure impregnated roundwood;(b) wood charcoal and other solid fuels manufactured from wood; and(c) other wood simply worked, such as staves shingles and shakes and wood
wool.
The subdivisions are:
(a) coniferous or non-coniferous;(b) process;(c) end product.
5. Wood sawn lengthwise; veneer sheets
This group covers the products of the simple processes of sawing anapeeling, with the associated processes of hewing, profile chipping and slicing.
The basic distinction, in addition to coniferous/non-coniferous are:
(a) for sawnwood, the degree and type of processing;(b) for veneer sheets, quality and end uses.
6. Wood-based panels (including similar panels from other ligno-cellulosicmaterials
various bases have been adopted for the classification of the main types ofproduct included in this group.
Plywood is categorized by:
(a) coniferous or non-coniferous;(b) type, e.g. veneer, core or other;(c) by finish, interior or exterior.
Particle board and fibreboard are distinguished by use in the ~anufacture of chipsor particles in the first, fibres in the second.
Particle board is categorized by component material, i.e. wood or other lignocellulosic mat:rial; by type of product or process; fibreboard mainly by type ofproduct and by process, and other panels by their component material and/orprocess, e.g. cement bonded, straw panels, composite board, etc.
!•
- 6 -
7. Pulp of wood, other fibrous ligno-cellulosic materials and pUlp of wastepaper
This group is intended to cover the products of processing of the fibrousligno-cellulosic raW materials used principally in the manufacture of paper andpaperboard.
The bases of classification for wood pulp, other than dissolving grades,are:
(a) form of process, e.g. mechanical pUlp, sulphate pulp, etc.~
(b) degree of processing, e.g. bleached, unbleached:(c) coniferous or non-coniferous raw material.
In the case of dissolving pulp and non-wood pulp, the primary distinction is by rawmaterial, e.g. wood, straw, etc., and the secondary distinction (in the case ofdissolving pu~p) by form of process, e.g. sulphite, sulphate.
wood pulp rejects are not separately recorded. They are included with thepulps from which they derive.
I'I 8. Paper and paperboard
I, ,
I
",
This group covers the processing of wood and other pulps into paper andpaperboard. It excludes the conversion of paper and paperboard into products
The bases of the classifications in this group are:
(a) end use of product, e.g. newsprint, linerboard, etc.:(b) process, e.g. coated, uncoated:(c) furnish, e.g. wood containing, based on bleached chemical pulp.
Although paper is differentiated from paperboard in most cases, thedistinction is not made universally because no precise, generally acceptedcriterion has been adopted by all countries. Neither weight nor thickness criteriaare accepted generally, although certain regional groupings have adopted a rigidweight criterion for this purpose. It is recognized however that the technology inpapermaking is changing so rapidly and the situation with respect to substitutematerials is sufficiently fluid that rigid specifications of this kind are unlikelyto promote international comparability. The' products in most of the classes areknown, in any case, as either paper or paperboard, the number of mixed categoriesbeing few. In this document, the division between paper and paperboard has beentaken, where necessary, at 150 g/m2.
9. waste paper
In view of the increasing importance of waste paper as a raw material inputfor the pager, paperboard and other industries, it has been accorded a separategroup.
The classification groups waste paper by principal furnish, which is anindication ~f its end use or of the grade of pulp for which it may be substituted.
10. Raw, semi-processed and worked cork
The classification subdivides by the degree of processing and the form ofproduct.
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tum
ps
and
roo
ts
24
5.0
1
44
01
.10
44
.01A
2
47
.9
44
03
.90
44
.03D
1232
1 fo
r p
ulp
...
1232
2 fo
r p
art
icle
bo
ard
...
1232
3 fo
r fi
bre
bo
ard
I
1232
8 fo
r en
erg
y
1232
9 fo
r o
ther
u
ses
n.e
.B.
1233
B
ark
se
para
ted
in
th
e
fore
st
from
woo
d in
4
40
1. 3
0 44
.01B
th
e
rou
gh
1233
1 fo
r h
ort
icu
ltu
ral
pu
rpo
ses
1233
8 fo
r en
erg
y
1233
9 fo
r o
ther
use
s n
.e.s
.
1234
N
eed
les
and
le
av
es
14
04
.90
1
4.0
5
1234
1 fo
r an
imal
fe
ed
1234
9 fo
r o
ther
use
s n
.e.s
.
Cod
e N
umbe
r
2
21
2ll
2111
2111
1 21
112
2111
3 21
118
2111
9
2112
2112
8 21
129
212
2121
2121
1 21
212
2121
3 21
218
2121
9
2122
2122
1 21
222
2122
3 21
228
2122
9
Hea
din
g
RE
SID
UE
S O
F W
OOD
PRO
CE
SSIN
G!
RECO
VER
ABL
E W
OOD
PRO
DU
CTS
Co
nif
ero
us
So
lid
woo
d p
rocess
ing
re
sid
ues
Fo
r ch
ipp
ing
for
pu
lp
for
part
icle
bO
ard
for
fib
reb
oard
fo
r en
erg
y
for
oth
er
use
s n
.e.s
.
Not
fo
r ch
ipp
ing
for
ener
gy
fo
r o
ther
u
ses
n.e
.s.
Res
idu
es
of
woo
d p
roce
ssin
g,
no
t o
f so
lid
w
ood
Saw
du
st
for
pu
lp
for
part
icle
bo
ard
fo
r fi
bre
bo
ard
fo
r en
erg
y
for
oth
er
use
s n
.e.s
.
Sh
avin
gs
for
pu
lp
for
part
icle
bo
ard
fo
r fi
bre
bo
ard
fo
r en
erg
y
for
oth
er
use
s n
.e.s
.
SIT
C
Rev
. 2
24
6.0
3
HS
44
01
.30
CCCN
IS
IC
(pre
sen
t)
44
.01
B
3311
33
12
3319
BEC
21
31
.... '"
,-~
Cod
e N
um
be
r
21
23
, -
21
23
1
21
23
8
-,
2123
9
21
29
21
29
B
2121
:19
213
21
31
21
31
1
21
31
2
21
31
3
21
31
8
21
31
9
2132
21
32
8
2132
9
214
21
41
21
41
8
2141
9
21
42
21
42
8
21
42
9
22
221
22
11
22
11
1
22
11
2
22
11
3
22
11
8
22
11
9
Hea
din
g
Bar
k
rem
oved
d
uri
ng
p
rocess
ing
for
ho
rtic
ult
ura
l p
urp
ose
s fo
r en
erg
y
for
oth
er
use
s o
.e.s
.
Oth
er
resi
du
es
of
woo
d p
rocess
ing
, n
ot
of
so
lid
w
oo
d"n
.e.s
.
for
ener
gy
fo
r o
ther
use
s o
.e.s
.
Un
con
tam
inat
ed
reco
vera
ble
woo
d p
rod
uct
s
Fo
r ch
ipp
ing
for
pu
lp
for
part
icle
b
oar
d
for
fib
reb
oard
fo
r en
erg
y
for
oth
er
use
s o
.e.s
.
No
t fo
r ch
ipp
ing
for
ener
gy
fo
r o
ther
use
s n
.e.s
Co
nta
min
ated
re
co
vera
ble
woo
d p
rod
uct
s
Fo
r ch
ipp
ing
for
ener
gy
fo
r o
ther
use
s o
.e.s
.
No
t fo
r ch
ipp
ing
for
ener
gy
fo
r o
ther
use
s n
.e.s
.
No
n-c
on
ifer
ou
s
So
lid
woo
d p
roce
ssin
g
resi
du
es
For
ch
ipp
ing
for
pu
lp
for
part
icle
b
oar
d
for
fib
reb
oard
fo
r en
erg
y
for
oth
er
use
s n
.e.s
.
SIT
e
Rev
. 2
HS
CCCN
(p
rese
nt)
IS
le
BE
e
'" '"
Cod
e N
umbe
r
22
12
2212
8 22
129
222
22
21
22
21
1
2221
2 22
213
2221
8 22
219
2222
2222
1 22
222
2222
3 22
228
2222
9
2223
2223
1 22
238
2223
9
2229
2229
8 22
299
Hea
ding
Not
fo
r ch
ipp
ing
for
ener
gy
fo
r o
ther
u
ses
n.e
.8.
Res
idu
es o
f w
ood
pro
cess
ing
, n
ot
of
soli
d w
ood
Saw
dust
for
pu
lp
for
part
icle
bo
ard
fo
r fi
bre
bo
ard
fo
r en
erg
y
for
oth
er
use
s n
.e.8
.
Sh
avin
gs
for
pu
lp
for
part
icle
bo
ard
fo
r fi
bre
bo
ar.d
fo
r en
erg
y
for
oth
er
use
s n
.e.8
.
Bar
k re
mov
ed
du
rin
g
pro
cess
ing
for
ho
rtic
ult
ura
l p
urp
ose
s fo
r en
erg
y
for
oth
er
use
s n
.e.8
.
Oth
er
resi
du
es o
f w
ood
pro
cess
ing
, n
ot
of
soli
d w
ood
, n
.e.B
.
for
ener
gy
fo
r
oth
er
use
s n
.e.8
.
SIT
C
Rev
. 2
as
CCCN
(p
rese
nt)
IS
IC
BEC
I-'
.j>
.
-'
Cod
e N
umbe
r
223
, 22
31
« 2231
1 22
312
2231
3 22
318
22'3
19 .
2232
2232
8 22
329
224
2241
2241
8 22
419
2242
2242
8 22
429
Hea
din
g
Un
con
tam
inat
ed
reco
ver
ab
le w
ood
pro
du
cts
Fo
r ch
ipp
ing
for
pu
lp
for
part
icle
bo
ard
fo
r fi
bre
bo
ard
fo
r en
erg
y
for
oth
er
use
s n
.e.s
.
Not
fo
r ch
ipp
ing
for
ener
gy
fo
r o
ther
u
ses
n.e
.s.
Con
tam
inat
ed
reco
ver
ab
le w
ood
pro
du
cts
Fo
r ch
ipp
ing
for
ener
gy
fo
r o
ther
u
ses
n.e
.s .
.-
Not
fo
r ch
ipp
ing
for
ener
gy
fo
r o
ther
u
ses
n.e
.s.
SIT
C
Rev
. 2
HS ..
~ ,·
·)'-
::o;
.;"!
,,":
·:':
':;-
;·'·
""'.
:"'·
·'~_
~F~.
~r·~
_~·~
fj~<
~~ __ ±
M_I
' ,~.
,. 4.5::.~~
CCCN
(p
rese
nt)
IS
IC
BEC
i-'
\J1
Co
de Numbe~
3 •
,
31
31
1
(31
10
)
31
10
1
31
10
2
31
10
3
31
10
8
31
10
9
31
2
(31
20
)
31
20
1
31
20
2
31
20
3
31
20
8
31
20
9
31
3
(31
30
)
31
30
1
31
30
2
31
30
3
31
30
B
31
30
9
Head
ing
WO
OD
C
HIP
S
AN
D
PA
RT
ICL
ES
Co
nif
ero
us
Fro
m w
ood
in
th
e
rou
gh
(F~om
woo
d in
th
e
rou
gh
)
for
pu
lp
for pa~tic1e
bo
ard
fo
r fi
bre
bo
ard
fo
r en
erg
y
for
oth
er
use
s n
.e.8
.
From
re
sid
ues
of
woo
d p
roce
ssin
g
(Fro
m re
sid
ues o
f w
oo
d p~ocessing)
for
pu
lp
for
part
icle
b
oard
fo
r fi
bre
bo
ard
fo
r en
erg
y
for
oth
er
uses"
n.e
.s.
Fro
m
reco
vered
w
ood
p
ro
du
cts
(Fro
m
reco
vere
d
woo
d p
rod
ucts
)
for
pu
lp
for
part
icle
b
oard
fo
r fi
bre
bo
ard
fo
r en
erg
y
for
oth
er
use
s n
.e.B
.
SIT
C
HS
Rev
. 2
24
6.0
2
44
01
.21
.2
2
44
01
. 21
CC
CN
IS
IC
(p~esent)
44
.09
A
12
20
3
31
1
33
12
3
31
9
BEC
21
.....
0\
32
--. -
';-.. e
,;'~
_""'
~_~"
'_'
-, ''',
,-' "'~'~~"?,¥E"t"l'>-::~
~~~~",
.,.:;,
,", __ ~-
,"'}',
,,.,,'
!~'''O
-:'~_;
F:'::j
.:,:,,
,;,:;~
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__ ,,:
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-'~~
~~~~
~~:-
q::t
!iA~
'~:!
lffJ
~~i~
'''*
~~~1tj
;:J;
:~,f
MrJ!
4:
Cod
e N
umbe
r
"' ... -.
'
32
1
(32
10
)
32
10
1
32
10
2
32
10
3
32
10
8
32
10
9
32
2
(32
20
)
32
20
1
32
20
2
32
20
3
32
20
8
32
20
9
32
3
(32
30
)
32
30
1
32
30
2
32
30
3
32
30
8
32
30
9
Hea
din
g
No
n-c
on
ifer
ou
s
Fro
m w
ood
in th
e
rou
gh
(Fro
m
woo
d in
th
e
rou
gh
)
for
pu
lp
for
part
icle
bo
ard
fo
r fi
bre
bo
ard
fo
r en
erg
y
for
oth
er
use
S"
n.e
.s.
Fro
m
resi
du
es o
f w
ood
pro
cess
ing
(Fro
m re
sid
ues
of
woo
d p
rocess
ing
)
for
pu
lp
for
part
icle
b
oar
d
for
fib
reb
oard
fo
r en
erg
y
for
oth
er
use
S n
.e.s
.
From
re
cov
ered
woo
d p
rod
uct
s
(Fro
m
reco
vere
d w
ood
pro
du
cts
)
for
pu
lp
for
part
icle
bo
ard
fo
r fi
bre
bo
ard
fo
r en
erg
y
for
oth
er
use
s n
.e.s
.
SIT
C
Rev
. 2
lIS
CC
CN
(pre
sen
t)
ISlC
BE
C
44
01
.22
I-'
--J
Cod
e N
umbe
r H
ead
ing
S
ITC
H
S CC
CN
ISIC
BE
C R
ev.
2 (p
rese
nt)
4 W
OOD
SIM
PLY
WOR
KED
OR
PRO
CES
SED
2
45
.02
4
40
1.3
0
44
.01
B
1210
21
.
, 2
47
.9
44
02
.00
4
4.0
2
1220
22
6
34
.91
4
40
3.1
0
44
.03
0
33
11
32
2 6
34
.93
4
4.0
4
44
.09
B
63
5.2
0a
44
05
.00
4
4.1
2
63
5.9
9b
4
41
6.0
0
44
.22
6
35
.99
c 4
41
8.5
0
44
.28
4
42
1.9
0
41
Co
nif
ero
us
411
Rou
ndw
Qod
, p
ress
ure
im
pre
gnat
ed
24
7.9
4
40
3.1
0
44
.03
0
1220
21
4111
P
ole
s 41
12
Pil
ing
P
ost
s I-
' 41
13
(J)
4119
P
ress
ure
im
pre
gnat
ed
roun
dwoo
d n
.e.s
. I
412
Woo
d ch
arc
oal;
o
ther
soli
d fu
els
m
anu
fact
ure
d
24
5.0
2
44
02
.00
4
4.0
2
1210
32
2 fr
om
woo
d 4
40
1.3
0
44
.01
B
4121
W
ood
ch
arc
oal
24
5.0
2
44
02
.00
4
4.0
2
1210
32
2 4
12
2
oth
er
so
lid
fu
els
m
anu
fact
ure
d
fro
m w
ood
44
01
.30
413
Oth
er w
ood
sim
ply
wo
rked
6
34
.91
4
40
4.1
0
44
.09
B
1220
21
6
34
.93
4
40
5.0
0
44
.12
3
31
1
22
63
5.2
0a
44
16
.00
4
4.2
2
63
5.9
9b
4
41
8.5
0
44
.28
6
35
.99
c 4
42
1.9
0
Cod
e N
umbe
r H
ead
ing
SI
TC
H
S CC
CN
ISIC
BE
C R
ev.
2 (p
rese
nt)
4131
R
iven
or
saw
n st
av
es,
u
nfi
nis
hed
6
35
.20
a 4
41
6.0
0
44
.22
33
11
'"' ... ,
. 41
32
sto
ck
fo
r sh
apin
g
into
to
ol
han
dle
s,
spo
rts
go
od
s,
etc
. 6
34
.91
b
44
04
.10
4
4.0
9B
12
20
4133
w
ood
woo
l 6
34
.93
4
40
5.0
0
44
.12
33
11
22
4134
W
ood
flo
ur
63
4.9
3
44
05
.00
4
4.1
2
3311
22
41
35
Sh
ing
les
and
sh
akes
6
35
.99
c 4
41
8.5
0
44
.28
33
11
22
4139
o
ther
woo
d si
mp
ly w
orke
d by
mec
han
ical
6
34
.91
a 4
40
4.1
0
44
.09
B
3311
21
m
eans
n
.e.s
. 6
35
.99
b
44
21
. 90
44
.28
22
6
35
.99
c
42
No
n-c
on
ifer
ou
s
421
Rou
ndw
ood,
p
ress
ure
im
pre
gnat
ed
24
7.9
4
40
3.1
0
44.0
3D
1220
21
4211
P
ole
s I-
'
4212
P
ilin
g
'" 42
13
po
sts
4219
p
ress
ure
im
pre
gnat
ed
roun
dwoo
d n
.e.s
.
422
Woo
d ch
arc
oal;
o
ther
soli
d fu
els
man
ufa
ctu
red
2
45
.02
4
40
2.0
0
44
.02
12
10
322
fro
m w
ood
44
01
. 30
44.0
1B
4221
w
ood
ch
arc
oal
24
5.0
2
44
02
.00
4
4.0
2
1210
32
2 42
22
Oth
er
soli
d fu
els
man
ufa
ctu
red
fr
om
woo
d 4
40
1. 3
0 44
.01B
423
Oth
er
woo
d si
mp
ly w
ork
ed
63
4.9
1
44
04
.20
44
.09B
12
20
21
63
4.9
3
44
05
.00
4
4.1
2
3311
22
6
35
.20
a 4
41
6.0
0
44
.22
6
35
.99
b
44
18
.50
4
4.2
8
63
5.9
9c
44
21
.90
Cod
eN
umbe
rH
ead
ing
SIT
CH
SCC
CNIS
ICBE
C"R
ev.
2(p
rese
nt)
42
31
Riv
eno
rsa
Vin
sta
ves,
un
fin
ish
ed6
35
.20
a4
41
6.0
04
4.2
233
11
4232
Sto
ckfo
rsh
apin
gin
toto
ol
han
dle
s,6
34
.91
b4
40
4.2
04
4.0
9B
1220
spo
rts
go
od
s,etc
.42
33W
ood
wo
ol
63
4.9
34
40
5.0
04
4.1
233
1122
4234
('o
od
flo
ur
63
4.9
34
40
5.0
04
4.1
233
1122
4235
Sh
ing
les
and
shak
es
63
5.9
9c
44
18
.50
44
.28
3311
2242
39O
ther
woo
dsi
mp
lyw
ork
edby
mec
han
ical
63
5.9
9b
44
04
.00
44
.09
B33
1121
mea
nsn
.e.s
.6
35
.99
c4
42
1.9
04
4.2
822
63
9.9
1a
I\;) o I
Cod
eN
umbe
rH
ead
ing
SIT
eas
CCCN
ISIC
BEC
Rev
.2
(pre
sen
t)
5W
OOt)
SAW
NLE
NG
THW
ISE;
VEN
EER
SHEE
TS2
48
.14
4.0
44
4.0
51
22
022
24
8.2
44
.06
44
.07
33
11
24
8.3
44
.07
44.0
98
63
4.1
44
.08
44
.13
44
.09
44
.14
44
.19
44
.28
51C
on
ifer
ou
s2
48
.14
40
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04
4.0
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12
20
222
48
.24
40
6.1
04
4.0
73
31
16
34
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04
4.0
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44
07
.10
44
.13
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40
8.1
04
4.1
44
40
9.1
04
4.1
94
4.2
8
51
1S
awnw
ood,
inclu
din
gsl
eep
ers
24
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44
06
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H..0
5A1
22
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24
8.2
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44
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33
11
44
07
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44
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40
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4.1
9'"
44
.28
f-' 1
51
11
Sle
ep
ers
24
8.1
44
06
.10
44
.07
12
20
44
06
.90
51
12
Saw
nwoo
d,ro
ug
hsa
wn
24
8.2
14
40
7.1
04
4.0
5A
51
13
Saw
nwoo
d,p
lan
ed
,etc
.2
48
.22
44
07
.10
44
.13
A4
4.2
85
11
4S
awnw
ood,
co
nti
nu
ou
sly
shap
edalo
ng
24
8.3
14
40
9..1
04
4.1
3A
face
or
edg
e4
4.1
9
512
Ven
eer
sheets
63
4.1
44
08
.10
44
.09
B3
31
122
44..1
4
51
21
Deco
rati
ve
51
21
1fo
rpl
ywoo
d(f
ace)
51
21
2fo
ro
ther
pu
rpo
ses
(facin
go
fsa
wnw
ood,
pan
els
,fu
rnit
ure
,etc
.)
51
22
Non
deco
rati
ve
51
22
1fo
rp
lyw
oo
d(f
ace
or
co
rem
ate
rial)
51
22
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ro
ther
pu
rpo
ses
(ch
ipw
oo
d,
mat
chb
ox
es,
etc
.)
Cod
eN
umbe
rH
eadi
ngSI
TC
HS
CCCN
ISIC
BE
CR
ev.
2(p
rese
nt)
52,
Non
Co
nif
ero
us
24
8.1
44
04
.20
44
.05
B1
22
022
.2
48
.34
40
6.1
04
4.0
73
31
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63
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44
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40
7.2
14
4.1
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.22
44
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.23
44
.19
.91
44
.28
.92
.99
44
08
.20
.90
44
09
.20
52
1sa
wn
woo
d,
incl
ud
ing
sleep
ers
24
8.1
44
06
.11
l4
4.0
5B
12
20
222
48
.3.9
04
4.0
73
31
14
40
7.2
14
4.1
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44
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44
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.92
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44
09
.20
ro '"5
21
1S
leep
ers
24
8.1
44
06
.10
44
.07
12
20
.90
52
12
Sa
wn
wo
od
rou
ghsa
wn
24
8.3
14
40
7.2
14
4.0
5B
.22
.23
.91
.92
.99
52
13
Saw
nwoo
d,p
lan
ed,
etc
.2
48
.32
44
07
.21
44
.13
B.2
24
4.2
8.2
3.9
1.9
2.9
9
52
14
Saw
nwoo
d,co
nti
nu
ou
sly
shap
edal
on
g2
48
.32
44
09
.20
44
.13
Bfa
ceo
red
ge
44
.19
Cod
eN
umbe
rH
ead
ing
SIT
CR
e'l.
2H
SCC
CNIS
IC(p
rese
nt)
BE
C\
522
5221
52
22
5221
152
212
5222
152
222
Ven
eer
sheets
Dec
ora
tiv
e
for
plyw
ood
(fac
e)fo
ro
ther
pu
rpo
ses
(fac
ing
of
saw
nwoo
d,p
an
els,
furn
itu
re,
etc
.)
Non
dec
ora
tiv
e
for
plyw
ood
(fac
eo
rco
rem
ate
rial)
for
oth
er
pu
rpo
ses
(ch
ipw
oo
d,
mat
chb
ox
es,
etc
.)
63
4.1
44
08
.20
.90
44
.09
B4
4.1
43
31
122
I Cl I
----------
-----~----------
---
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.-
-._
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---=
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----
..
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--
Cod
eN
umbe
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ead
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CNIS
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CR
ev.
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ze
sen
t.)
6W
OOD
BI\.S
EDPI
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S(I
NC
LUD
ING
SIM
ILI\.
RPI
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SFR
OM
63
4.2
44
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44
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33
11
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THER
LIG
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LL
UL
OSI
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ATE
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63
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24
4.1
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4.1
534
116
34
.41
44
.12
44
.16
63
4.4
344
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204
4.1
86
41
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0
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lyw
ood
63
4.2
44
12
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44
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63
4.4
1.1
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4.1
66
34
.43
.19
.29
.99
44
18
.20
.90
611
Ven
eer
1?ly
woo
d6
34
.24
41
2.1
144
.151
\..1
2.1
9
61
11
Inte
rio
rg
rad
es,
con
ifer
ou
s4
41
2.1
961
12E
xte
rio
rg
rad
es,
con
ifer
ou
s4
41
2.1
961
13In
terio
rg
rad
es,
no
n-c
on
ifer
ou
s4
41
2.1
14
41
2.1
2rc ..,.
6114
Ex
teri
or
gra
des
,n
on
-co
nif
ero
us
44
12
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I
44
12
.12
612
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rep
lyw
oo
d,
inclu
din
gb
lock
bo
ard
,etc
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34
.41
44
12
.29
44.1
5B
.99
61
21
Co
nif
ero
lls
44
12
.99
6122
No
n-c
on
ifer
ou
s4
41
2.2
9
619
oth
er
ply
wo
od
n.e
.s.
63
4.4
34
41
2.2
94
4.1
5C
.99
44
.16
44
18
.20
.90
6191
Co
nif
ero
us
44
12
.99
44
18
.20
.90
6192
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n-c
on
ifer
ou
s4
41
2.2
94
41
8.2
0.9
0
Hea
ding
S
Ire
HS
CC
O!
ISIC
BE
C C
ode
Num
ber
Rev
. 2
(pre
sen
t)
62
Part
icle
bo
ard
6
34
.32
4
41
0.1
0
44
.18
.9
0
, 62
1.
Woo
d p
,art
icle
bo
ard
4
41
0.1
0
62
11
P
late
n p
ress
ed p
art
icle
bo
ard
6211
1 o
rien
ted
part
icle
bo
ard
6
21
12
,
waf
erb
oar
d
6211
9 o
ther
pla
ten
pre
ssed
part
icle
bo
ard
n~e.s.
6212
T
hin
part
icle
bo
ard
(c
on
tin
uo
us
cale
nd
er p
roce
ss)
62
13
E
xtr
ud
ed p
art
icle
bo
ard
622
Part
icle
bo
ard
of
lig
no
-cell
u1
0si
c m
ate
rials
4
41
0.9
0
oth
er
than
woo
d
6221
B
agas
se b
oar
d
62
22
F
lax
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ard
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)
6229
O
ther
no
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ood
part
icle
bo
ard
n.e
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'"
63
Fib
reb
oar
d
64
1.6
4
4.1
1
44
.11
34
11
63
1
Insu
lati
ng
bo
ard
6
41
.62
4
41
1.9
1
44.1
1B
.99
63
11
Im
pre
gn
ated
o
r o
therw
ise tr
eate
d
63
19
O
ther
in
sula
tin
g
bo
ard
63
2
Med
ium
den
sity
fi
bre
bo
ard
MO
F,
dry
pro
cess
4
41
1.2
1
44
.11
B
.29
63
3 M
ediu
m
bo
ard
, w
et p
rocess
4
41
1.2
1
44.1
1B
.29
63
4 H
ard
bo
ard
6
41
. 61
44
11
.11
44
.11A
.1
9
63
41
D
ry p
roce
ss
63
42
W
et
pro
cess
--~
-----
--------------------
--
---
Cod
e N
umbe
r H
ead
ing
S
ITC
H
S CC
CN
ISIC
BE
C R
ev.
2 (p
rese
nt)
2- -,
-
64
Co
mb
inat
ion
bo
ard
s 4
4.1
0
44
.15
4
41
2.2
1
44
.18
.9
1
641
Part
icle
bo
ard
co
re,
plyw
ood
face
4
41
2.2
1
.91
64
2 O
ther
co
mb
inat
ion
bo
ard
s n
.e.s
. 4
41
0.1
0
.90
65
Oth
er p
an
els
bas
ed o
n w
ood
or
oth
er
1ig
no
-ce1
1u
10
sic
mate
rials
651
Cem
ent
bond
ed p
an
els
6
61
.82
6
80
8.0
0
68
.09
6511
C
emen
t bo
nded
part
icle
bo
ard
65
12
Woo
d w
ool
cem
ent
bo
ard
65
19
Oth
er
cem
ent
bond
ed p
an
els
n
.e.s
. '" '"
652
Min
eral
bon
ded
pan
els
, b
ased
on
woo
d o
r o
ther
66
1.8
2
68
08
.00
6
8.0
9
lig
no
-ce1
1u
losi
c m
ate
rials
, o
ther
than
cem
ent
bond
ed p
an
els
65
3 st
raw
pan
els
65
9 O
ther
p
an
els
b
ased
on
woo
d o
r o
ther
lig
no
-cell
ulo
sic m
ate
rials
n
.e.s
.
Cod
e N
umbe
r H
ead
ing
SI
TC
H
S CC
CN
ISIC
B
EC
R
ev.
2 (p
rese
nt)
7 PU
LP
OF
WOO
D,
OR
OTH
ER
LIG
NO
-CEL
LULO
SIC
M
ATE
RIA
LS
25
1.2
4
70
1.0
0
47
.01
34
11
22
AND
PULP
O
F WAS~E
PAPE
R
25
1.6
47
Q2.
00
25
1.7
4
7.0
3
25
1.8
4
7.0
4
25
1.9
4
70
5.0
0
' ... "
47
.06
,
71
Mec
han
ical
and
ch
emi-
mec
han
ical
woo
d p
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'2
51
.2
4701
.00
47
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4
70
5.0
0
47
.0lG
71
1 U
nble
ache
d
7111
C
on
ifer
ou
s 71
12
No
n-c
on
ifer
ou
s
712
Ble
ach
ed
7121
C
on
ifer
ou
s 71
22
No
n-c
on
ifer
ou
s
72
Th
erm
o-m
ech
anic
al w
ood
pu
lp
4701
. 00
47 .0
1A
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721
Unb
leac
hed
7211
C
on
ifer
ou
s 72
12
No
n-c
on
ifer
ou
s
722
Ble
ach
ed
7221
C
on
ifer
ou
s 72
22
No
n-c
on
ifer
ou
s
73
Sem
i-ch
emic
al w
ood
pu
lp
25
1.9
1
47
05
.00
4
7.0
lG
74
Su
lph
ate
and
so
da
woo
d P
Ulp
f ex
cep
t 2
51
. 7
47
.03
4
7.0
lC
dis
solv
ing
gra
des
4
7.0
lD
741
Unb
leac
hed
25
1. 7
1 4
70
3.1
1
47
.0lC
.1
9
7411
C
on
ifer
ou
s 4
70
3.1
1
7412
N
on
-co
nif
ero
us
.19
742
Ble
ach
ed
25
1. 7
2 4
70
3.2
1
47.0
1D
.29
-
1
Cod
e N
umbe
r H
ead
ing
S
ITe
HS
CCCN
IS
le
BB
e R
ev.
2 (p
rese
nt)
74
21
C
on
ifer
ou
s 4
70
3.2
1
74
22
N
on
-co
nif
ero
us
.29
, 7
5
Su
leh
ite w
ood
Eu
l0,
ex
ceet
dis
solv
ing
gra
des
2
51
.8
47
.04
4
7.0
1E
4
7.0
1F
75
1
Unb
leac
hed
25
1. 8
1
47
04
.11
4
7.0
1E
.1
'
75
11
C
on
ifer
ou
s 4
70
4.1
1
7512
N
on
-co
nif
ero
us
.1'
75
2
Ble
ach
ed
2
51
.82
4
70
4.2
1
47
. DIF
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'
75
21
C
on
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ou
s 4
70
4.2
1
75
22
N
on
-co
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us
.29
76
Dissolvin~
25
1.6
4
70
2.0
0
47
.01
s 4
70
6.1
0
47.0
1H
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76
1
Fro
m w
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d
47
02
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4
7.0
1B
76
11
S
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hat
e an
d so
da
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61
2
Su
lph
ite
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62
Fr
om o
ther
lig
no
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sic m
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rials
4
70
6.1
0
47
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H
.92
77
P
ulE
of
fib
rou
s li
gn
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ell
ulo
sic m
ate
rials
, 2
51
.92
4
70
1.0
0
47
.01
H
oth
er
than
woo
d,
exce
_p:t,
d
isso
lvin
g g
rad
es
47
.03
4
7.0
4
47
.05
4
7.0
6
77
1
From
str
aw
47
06
.91
.9
2
.93
77
2
From
bag
asse
4
70
6.9
1
.92
.9
3
77
3
Fro
m
bam
boo
47
01
.00
4
7.0
3
47
.04
4
7.0
5
77
4
From
oth
er
fib
rou
s li
gn
a-c
ell
ulo
sic m
ate
rials
, 4
7.0
6
exce
pt ~ood n
.e.s
.
78
P
ulp
of
was
te p
aper
2
51
. 9
2
47
06
.91
4
7.0
1H
.9
2
.93
Cod
eN
umbe
rH
ead
ing
SIT
CH
SCC
CNIS
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CR
ev.
2(p
rese
nt)
8PA
..PER
AN
DPA
PERB
OA
RD6
41
.14
80
1.0
04
8.0
13
41
122
64
1.2
48
.02
411.
036
41
.34
80
3.0
04
8.0
46
41
.54
8.0
44
8.0
5A
~..
64
1.7
14
8.0
54
8.0
5B
64
1.7
24
8.0
64
8.0
5C
64
1.7
34
8.0
74
8.0
7A
48
09
.20
48
.07
D.3
0.9
04
8.1
0
81N
ewsp
rin
t6
41
.14
60
1.0
04
8.0
1A
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ther
pri
nti
ng
and
wri
tin
gp
aper
64
1.2
48
.02
48
.01
B4
81
0.1
14
8.0
7A
.12
.21
.29
82
1C
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41
.22
48
10
.11
48
.07
A.1
2.2
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.29
\D I
82
11
Woo
dco
nta
inin
g4
81
0.2
1.2
98
21
2W
ood
free
.11
.12
822
Un
coat
ed6
41
.21
48
.02
48
.01
B
8221
woo
dco
nta
inin
g4
80
2.1
0.2
0.3
0.4
0.6
08
22
2W
ood
free
48
02
.10
.20
.30
.40
.51
.52
.53
83 84
Cod
eN
umbe
rH
ead
ing
Ho
use
ho
ldan
dsa
nit
ary
pap
er
wra
pp
ing
and
pac
kag
ing
pap
eran
dp
aper
bo
ard
SIT
eH
SCC
CNIS
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CR
ev.
2(p
rese
nt}
64
1.5
94
80
3.0
04
8.0
1H
64
1.7
14
8.0
5A
64
1.7
24
8.0
5B
64
1.7
34
8.0
5C
48
.07
D
64
1.3
48
.04
48
.01
C6
41
.54
80
5.1
048
.01D
.21
48
.01
E.2
24
8.0
1F
.23
48
.0lG
.29
48
.01
H.3
04
8.0
34
80
6.1
04
8.0
4.2
04
8.0
5A
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48
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80
7.9
1I
48
08
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0
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04
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1.3
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9.9
1
~-1
----
---
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84
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64
1.3
14
80
4.1
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~~'-------------------i ~ Ii: :' ,Il'j
1 WOOD IN THE ROaGH
DEFINITIONS- 36 -
for use in the rough, notably asoiameter, length and quality limits
Logs, whether or not roughly squared,pole&, piling, or construction wood.may be specified for particular useS.
Logs for use in the rough
Sawlogs and veneer logs; logs for other processing
usually larger sized roundwood from main stem and branches, whether ornot roughly squared, for sawnwood, veneer, sleepers, poles and piling.In some places and for certain end uses, it is specified by diameter,length or girth and quality characteristics. Further subdivision may beby species or species groUl?
Logs, whether or not roughly squared, for processing, notably intosawnwood and veneer sheets. Logs which will be used in the rough areexcluded.
!!;./ Coniferous
Several of the products listed in this classification are also sometimesmade from materials not regarded as wood in the rough. These includeother ligna-cellulosic materials suitable for sawing (such as some palms) ,suitable for structural uses (such as bamboo or rattan) and other plantmaterials which may form the raw material for particle board, fibreboardor pulp, or serve as energy source.
Refers to wood derived from trees classified botanically as "Gymnospermae",e.g. Abies, Agathis, Araucaria, Cedrus, Larix, picea, Pinus, etc. Theterm "softwood" usually refers to timber in this group.
~ Non-coniferous
Wood in its natural state as felled, or otherwise harvested, with orwithout bark, round, split, roughly squared or half-squared, roughshaped or pointed, or in other forms (e.g. roots, stumps, burls, etc.).Together with items 311 and 321, this group comprises all wood obtainedfrom removals, i.e. the quantities removed from forests and from treesoutside the forest including wood recovered from natural and harvestinglosses.
Refers to wood derived from trees classified botanically as"Angiosl?ermae", e.g. Betula, CasuaT:ina, Dipterocarpus, Eucalyptus, Fagus,Khaya, 'Populus, Quercus, Shorea, swietenia, Tectona, Terminalia, etc.The terms "hardwood" and "broadleaved" usually refer to timber:s in thisgroup.
111 Logs from main stem and branches121
112 Wood in the rough from main stem and branches, other than logs122
Wood in the rough, generally of smaller dimensions than logs, from mainstem and branches, whether or not roughly squared. Among the uses forthis assortment are the manufacture of pulp, particle board, fibreboard,~ood ~ool, pitprops, posts, the supply of energy, inclUding the manufacture of charcoal, etc. The exact dividing line between this assortmentand logs will vary according to local practice.
11111211
11121212
Code Number Heading and Definitions
~ These definitions apply to numerous items in the classification.
Code Number
11211221
11221222
11231223
113123
11311231
11321232
11331233
11341234
- 37 -
Heading and Definitions
Wood in the rough, from main stem and branches, other than logs, to beused as raw material for processing (pulpwood, round and split)
This assortment is used notably as raw material for the manufacture ofpulp, particle board, fibreboard and wood wool. "processing" is heretaken to include only those operations which involve breaking down ofthe wood by mechanical means (into chips, particles, wood wool or woodflour) or by chemical means, notably for chemical pulp. Wood used forchemical processing, other tnanfor pUlp is not included and should beclassified under items 11219 (coniferous) and 12219 (non-coniferous).Quality characteristics such as straightness, freedom from defect, barkrot and the like may be specified for particu~ar end-uses.
Wood in the rough from main stem and branches, other than logs, to beused in the rough
This assortment is used notably in the form of pitprops and posts. Alsoincluded in this group is wood from main stem and branches, other thanlogs, which is neither for processing (as defined under 1121 and 1221) norfor use as energy source (as defined under 1123 and 1223).
Wood in the rough from main stem and branches, other than logs, to beused as energy source
wood in the rough to be used as a source of energy for purposes such ascooking, heating or power production. Wood for charcoal, pit kilns andportable ovens is included.
Wood and tree biomass, other than from main stem and branches
Includes tops, small branches, twigs, stumps, roots, needles, leaves andbark removed in the forest. These assortments are sometimes referred toas "logging residues" or "harvesting residues."
Tops, small branches and twigs
Includes tops, small branches and twigs from felled trees. The lowerlimit of the top (the upper limit of the stem) will vary according tolocal logging practices.
Stumps and roots
Includes all the biomass of the tree below the separation of the harvestedstem. The height of this cut will vary according to local practices andconditions.
Bark separated in the forest from wood in the rough
Includes all bark removed from the sterns or other parts of the treeduring harv~sting operations, as well as bark removed at the lowerLand i.nq •
Needles and leaves
Includes needles and leaves from felled trees.
;'
a
- 38 -
, ,
: 'Code Number Heading and Definitions
Wood dust produced in the process of sawing.
2121 Sawdust2221
2122 Shavings2222
Other residues of wood orocessing, not of solid wood, n.e.S.
Bark removed during processin~
Bark.~eparated from the wood in the forest industries (bark separatedfrom wood in the rough in the forest is included in groups 1133 and 1233).
Long, thin pieces of wood, produced in planing operations.
This item includes notably sander dust ani contaminated process residues(Eor definition of "contaminated" see item 214).
R~SIDUES OF WOOD PROCESSING; RECOVERABLE WOOD PRODUCTS
Those solid wood residues or recoverable wood products which will bereduced to chips, particles, flakes, etc. for use as raw material orenergy source. This material is the in?ut for the manufacture of thechips and particles included under items 312 (coniferous) and 322 (nonconiferous).
This group inclu1es all wood residues arising during wood ~rocessing aswell as wood products which have served their original purpose, but maybe recovered and put to other uses. These residues and recoverable woodproducts may often serve as raw material for the manufacture of certainforest products, notably pulp, particle board and fibreboard and mayalways be used as a source of energy. Residues of operations in theforest or at the lower landing are included in Group 1. Chips andparticles proiuced from the material in Group 2 are included in Group 3.
Pieces of wood arising during processing, which have not been brokendown into chips, sawdust, shavings or smaller particles. These piecesare suitable as raw material for the manufacture of pulp, particle boardfibreboard, etc. This category includes for example sawmill offcuts andedgings, peeler cores, some joinery waste, etc. Excluded are bark andcontaminated residues.
For chipping,
solid wood processing residues
212 Residues of wood urocessing, not of solid wood222
21292229
211221
This group includes all wood or bark residues of wood processing, notincluded under items 211 or 221.
21232223
2
2112 Not for chipping'21322142 Those solid wood resi~ues or recoverable wood products which will not be2212 reduced to chips, particles, flakes, etc.22322242
211121312141221122312241
, I
il\~ I I
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1,111,1
" ['ii i,
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4 WOOD SIMPLY WORKED OR PROCESSED
3 WOOD CHIPS AND PARTICLES
- 39 -
wood chips and particles from wood in the rough
Wood chips and particles from the assortments in Group 1.
Wood chips and particles from residues of wood processing
Wood chips and particles made from the assortments in items 2111, 212,2211, and 222.
Roundwood,~mpregnatedunder pressure with chemicals to increase itsresistance, notably to biological deterioration. Also included is roundwood which has received similar treatment for the same purpose.
213 Uncontaminated recoverable wood products223
This Group includes pressure impregnated roundwood, wood charcoal andother solid fuels manufactured from wood and other wood simply worked.
Wood chips and particles made from the assortments in item 2131, 2141,2231 and 2241.
Products wholly or mostly of wood or wood-based panels, which are nolonger used for their original purpose, but have been contaminated(e.g. by impregnation, gluing, coating, painting or nailing) to such anextent that they are no longer suitable as raw material for pulp,particle board or fibreboard. They are usually only suitable as energysource.
Products wholly or mostly of wood or wood-based panels, which are nolonger used for their original purpose and which could be used as a sourceof raw material or energy. The products under headings 213 and 223 havenot been contaminated (e.g. by impregnation, gluing, coating, painting ornailing) to such an extent that they are unsuitable as raw material forpulp particle board or fibreboard. Examples are some pallets and woodpacking caSeS.
Straight pieces, usually of 5 m or more in length, pressure impregnated.I~hey are used principally to support telephone, telegraph and electrical
~/ transmission lines and for scaffolding.
214 Contaminated recoverable wood products224
Wood, which has been deliberately reduced to chips, particles, flakes, etc.from wood in the rough, processing residues or recovered wood products,suitable for pulping, for particle board and fibreboard production, forenergy or for other purposes. The specification of the chips and particlesmay vary in respect to dimensions and quality according to location andend-use. The pieces are in forms ranging from flat, rigid and roughlys~uared chips down to small, thin flexible particles.
312322
311321
313 Wood chips and particles from recovered wood products323
411 Roundwood, pressure impregnated421
4111 Poles, pressure impregnated4211
Code Number Heading and Definitions
I'
- 40 -
Code Number Heading and Definitions.
4112 Piling, pressure impregnated4212
Long straight pieces, suitable for driving into the ground under impact,pressure impregnated. They are used principally in construction ofharbour works and underpinning for bridges and buildings.
412 Wood charcoal; other solid fuels manufactured from wood422
41134213
41194219
41214221
41224222
Posts, pressure impregnated
Round, hewn, squared or split wood, pressure impregnated, usually lessthan 3 m in length, but possibly up to 5 m used for fencing, guardrails and the like.
Pressure impregnated roundwood n.e.s.
Pressure impregnated round, hewn, squared or split wood other than poles,piling and posts.
Wood charcoal, pellets, briquettes, etc., for use as energy source manufactured from wood. Charcoal also has other uses than as energy source (seebelow). Only manUfactured products are included; wood in the rough andwood residues which serve as a source of energy by direct combustion areincluded in other groups
Wood charcoal
Wood carbonized by partial combustion or application of heat from an e~
ternal source. It is used as a fuel or for other uses, e.g. as reductionagent in metallurgy, as absorption or filtration medium.
Other solid fuels manufactured from wood
Pellets, briquettes, etc. made by compression or otherwise, from wood, woodchips, residues, or other tree biomass, to serve as domestic or industrialenergy source.
413 Other wood simply worked423
Wood simply worked, other than pressure impregnated roundwood, charcoal andsolid fuels from wood.
41314231
4.B24232
.'
41334233
41344234
Riven or sawn staves unfinished (stavewood)
Wood prepared as unfinished staves, i.e. the stri~s of wood used forforming the sides, heads and bottoms of barrels and other cooperageproducts.
stock for shaping into tool handles, sports goods, etc.
Inc~des small dimension round wood or wood roughly shaped, of a lengthand thickness clearly suitable for manufacture into walking sticks,handles for umbrellas, tools, brooms, sports goods, etc.
wood wool
Curly slender strands of wood made usually by scoring and cutting kniveswith the grain along a block (or round piece) of wood, reducing it tonarrow thin ribbons. Wood wood is used for wood wool board, packingfragile goods, etc.
Wood flour
Very fine particles of wood obtained by grinding until it resembles wheator other flour in appearance.
- 41 -
Code Number Heading and Definitions
4135 Shingles and shakes4235
Shingle: a thin piece of wood having parallel sides and tapered so thatone end is thicker than the other, sawn from a shingle bolt. Shake:a shingle obtained by splitting, instead of sawing the bolt or plank.Shakes may be straight split or hand split and resawn tapered. -Bothshingles and shakes may be further processed within the shingle mill,i.e. sanded, grooved, painted, stained, etc. They are used as roofingtiles and for other building exteriors.
.'-<.
41394239
other wood simply worked by mechanical means n.e.s •
Includes hoop-wood, rounded wood matchsplints and blocks for wood carving.
5 WOOD SAWN LENGTHWISE; VENEER SHEETS
Includes wood sawn lengthwise, produced by a profile chipping processpeeled or sliced, whether or not planed, sanded, finger-jointed orcontinuously processed along face or edge. Both sawn and hewn sleepersare included. These products are normally made from the products ofitems 1111 and 1211.
;'
511 Sawnwood, including sleepers521
5111 Sleepers5211
Wood sawn or chipped lengthwise, and planed, sanded or finger-jointed.Strips and friezes for flooring are included, provided they are notassembled in sheets or panels. It may be impregnated or not impregnated.
Sawnwood, planed, etc.
Sawnwood, rough sawn
Railway sleepers (ties) are pieces of wood of more or less rectangularsection to be laid transversely on the railway road-bed to support rails.Both sawn and hewn sleepers are included as are sleepers incised forimpregnation purposes.
wood sawn or chipped lengthwise, not planed, sanded or finger-jointed.It may be green (undried) or dried, impregnated or not impregnated.Excluded are sawn and hewn railway sleepers, wood shingles and sawnveneer sheets.
Includes wood simply sawn lengthwise or produced by a profile - chippingprocess. with few exceptions, sawnwood exceeds 5 mm in thickness. Itis sometimes specified by maximum thickness. Both sawn and hewn sleepersare also included. For further definition see below.
sawnwood, which has been continuously shaped (tongued, grooved, chamfered,rabbeted, V-jointed, beaded, etc.) along one of its edges or faces,whether or not planed, sanded or finger-jointed. Wooden beadings andmouldings, inclUding moulded skirtings are included as well as strips andfriezes for flooring, provided they are not assembled in sheets or panels.
51135213
5114 Sawnwood, continuously shaped along face or edge5214
51125212
;:.
-- 42 -
Code Number Heading and Definitions
512 Veneer sheets522
Thin layer or sheets of wood of uniform thickness, usually 5 rom or lessin thickness, usuaily peeled or sliced, for use in making plywood, forveneering furniture, veneer containers, etc. This heading is taken alsoto include sheets composed of two layers of veneer wood bonded together;and veneer lined with paper, plastic or teKtile material. Also includedis chipwood (flexible, narrow, thin and even strips of wood of a kind usedfor plaiting and for making chip-baskets, match-boKes (etc.).
5121 Veneer sheets, decorative5221
Veneer sheets whose face veneer has an attractive appearance due to figure,colour, grain, lustre, etc. They may be produced by slicing or peeling.
5121152211
Veneer sheets, decorative, for plywood (face)
Included in this group are:
5122 Veneer sheets, non-decorative5222
6 WOOD-BASED PANELS (INCLUDING SIMILAR PANELS FROM OTHER LIGNa-CELLULOSICMATERIALS)
Wood-based panels such as:(a) plywood, particle board and fibreboard (fibre building board).
They may be manufactured from wood in the form of solid wood,veneer, strands, particles or fibres. Bonding agents and othermaterials may be added during manufacture to improve certainproperties. The bonding agent can be an organic binder, as inplywood and particle board, or it may be .inherent, as in somefibreboards. Wood-based panels are usually formed in the presence of heat and/or pressure either as sheets of uniformthickness or as shaped or moulded sheets or blocks;
{i}
Veneer sheets, decorative, for other purposes
Decorative veneer sheets for the manufacture of plywood. Because of itsspecific decorative characteristics this material is usually used on theface of plywood.
Decorative veneer sheets not intended for the manufacture of plywood.possible uses are the veneering of furniture, sawnwood, or panels otherthan plywood, or marquetry and inlay work.
Veneer sheets, non-decorative, for plywood
Non-decorative veneer sheets used for the manufacture of plywood. Theymay either be used in the core or for the face of those plywoods for whicha face of decorative veneer sheets is not considered necessary.
Veneer sheets, usually peeled, without specific decorative characteristics.They are often used for the cores of plywood.
Non-decorative veneer sheets not used for the manufacture of plywood.Included in this item are chipwood and veneer sheets for match bOKes; etc.
Veneer sheets, non-decorative, for other purposes
5121252212
5122152221
5122252222
- 43 -
Code Number Heading and Definitions
(b} composite structures of ~he panel type such as cellular board(plywood of cellular contruction), and those in which materialsother than wood, (e.g. foamed plastic cores and plastic or metalfaces or cores) constitute a small part of the whole materialcontent,
(c) panels with an inorganic binder but in which wood or otherligna-cellulosic material constitutes the most important partof the product by volume (e.g. panels, mineral-bonded, woodparticle board). The term refers to panels manufactured inplants and not to floor and wall panels assemblies fabricatedin situ.
(ii) Panels of non-wood ligno-cellulosic materials, inclUding agriculturalresidues such as bagasse, flax shives, jute sticks, straw and hemp,in the form of stalks, particles and fibres used in the manufactureof particle board and fibreboard. In these, the bond may be inherentor provided by synthetic resins. Additives may be applied duringmanufacture to improve certain properties.
Wood-based panels may have undergone no further treatment than sanding ora similar type of process or the application of a simple treatment whenused in concrete forrnwork or as exterior siding (in the case of hardboard).They may, however, have undergone special treatment or transformation atthe manufacturing stage or sUbsequently, such .as:
(a) veneering, varnishing, lacquering and other types of surfacefinishing;
(b) impregnation with fire retardants, water repellents, pesticides.etc.; and/or
(c) mechanical transformation (tonguing or grooving, rabbeting, perforation, etc.).
61 Plywood
A panel consisting of an assembly of veneer sheets bonded together withthe direction of the grain in alternate plies generally at right angles.In certain types of board one or more pairs of veneers may be laid withthe grain parallel. The veneer sheets are usually placed symmetricallyon both sides of a central ply or core which mayor may not be veneer.Plywood is usually flatpressed but may be moulded.
6111611261216191
611361146U26192
611
Plywood, coniferous
Coniferous plywood is taken to be plywood with both face veneers ofconiferous wood.
Plywood, non-coniferous
Nop-conifer~~s plywood is taken to be plywood with at least one face veneerof non-coniferous wood.
Veneer plywood
P~ywood manufactured by bonding together three or more veneer sheets •.}
- 44-
Code Number Heading and Definitions
6112 Veneer plywood, exterior grades6114
Core plywood, including blackboard etc.
Usually bonded with phenolic resin glue to give a weather and boil proofglue line (WBP).
Plywood whose core (i.e. central layer, generally thicker than the otherplies) is solid and consists of narrow planks, blocks or strips of woodplaced side by side, which mayor may not be glued together. This itemincludes blackboard, laminboard and battenboard. Sometimes known aslumber core plywood.
612
6111 Veneer plywood, interior grades6113
Suitable for indoor applications
62 Particle board
Particle board manufactured from particles of wood.
621 Wood particle board
Other plywood n.e.s.
Includes cellular board (plywood, the core of which consists of cellularconstruction) and composite plywood (plywood, the core or certain layersof which are made of materials other than solid wood or veneers). Thereshould normally be at least two cross-banded plies on either side of thecore. Excluded are combination boards (made from a combination of woodbased panels, e.g. plywood with a particle board core), which are includedunder item 64.
Particle board made from particles of wood, bonded with synthetic resinand/or other usually organic, binder and pressed in a platen press.
Waferboard
oriented oarticle board
Special type of platen pressed particle board, wherein the particles areall oriented in the same direction, thereby improving the strengthcharacteristics of the board, in the direction in which the particles areoriented.
619
Included in this group are such special types of particle board as waferboard, oriented p~rticle board and thin particle board. Wood wool boardor other boards with mineral binders are excluded.
Flat-pressed or moulded panels manufactured from particles of wood orother ligna-cellulosic materials bonded by a suitable, usually organic,binder in the presence of heat and ~ressure. They may also be manufactured by extruding the materials into a mould under heat and pressure.Extruded particle board may be solid or with hollow cavities. The densityof particle boards varies with the density of raw materials used and thebinder, pressures and temperatures used in manufacture. They are usuallyin the range 0.6 - 0.8 g/cm3.
6211 Platen pressed particle board
,62112..
6211;..1
Special type of platen pressed particle board, made up of long particles("wafers") thereby improving the strength characteristics of the board.
pz
Particle board of flax shives.
6222 Flax board
Particle board of bagasse.
- 45 -
Heading and Definitions
Other platen pressed particle board n.e.s.
Platen pressed particle board other than oriented board and waferboard.The majority of platen pressed particle board comes under this heading.
Insulating board, impregnated or otherwise treated
Fibreboard with a density usually not more than 0.35 9/cm3, sometimesknown as softboard.
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,.,IInsulating board which has been impregnated (e.g. with bitumen) or other-wise treated to reduce water absorption and to improve stability and otherphysical and mechanical characteristics.
Insulating board which has not been impregnated or otherwise treated asdescribed in 6311.
Sheet material usually exceeding 1.5 mm in thickness manufactured fr~m
fibres of wood or other ligna-cellulosic materials with the primary bondderiving from the felting of the fibres and their inherent adhesiveproperties. Bonding materials and/or additives may be added. It isusually flat-pressed but may be moulded. The density of the board varieswith the degree of compression and to some extent with the density of theraw material used. The medium- and high-density boards may be produced bya dry process (when a board is pressed from a dry mat to give a smoothsurface on both faces, known as 5-2-S, smooth-two-sides) or by a wetprocess (when a board is hot pressed on a screen leaving a wire impressionon the back, known as 5-l-S, smooth-one-side). Also known as fibrebuilding board.
63 Fibreboard
Particle board of non-wood ligno-cellulosic materials other than bagasseor flax shives, such as hemp or straw.
Particle board "made by extrusion through a die. The particles lie withtheir larger dimensions mainly at right angles to the direction ofextrusion.
Thin particle board (usually less than 6 mm), produced by a continuousprocess, where a calender roll replaces the platen press. There is alarge proportion of small particles in the furnish.
Particle board of bagasse, flax, hemp, straw or other non-wood lignocellulosic materials.
622 Particle board of ligna-cellulosic materials other than wood
631 Insulating board
6212 Thin particle board (continuous calender process)
6212 Extruded particle board
6319 Other insulating board
6221 Bagasse board
6311
6229 Other non-wood particle board n.e.s.
62119
Code Number
- 46 -
Code Number Heading and Definitions
632 Medium density fibreboard MDF, dry process
Dry process fibreboard, with density around 0.7 g/cm3. The chips areground into fibre under steam pressure before the addition of resin.The resulting homogeneity of texture gives MDF desirable qualitiesas regards machining.
633 Medium board wet process
A wet process fibreboard with a density usually greater than 0.35 g/cm3but not more than 0.8 g/cm3. Most frequently the density is in the upperpart of the range.
634 Hardboard
A type of fibreboard with a density usually over 0.8 g/cm3.
6341 Hardboard, dry process
64 Combination boards
642 Other combination boards n.e.s.
Combination boards other than those included in item 641.
Cement bonded particle board
This heading includes notably cement bonded panels, other mineral bondedpanels, straw panels.
Panels manufactured from wood wool, chips, particles, flakes, etc. of woodor other ligna-cellulosic material bonded together with cement and chemicaladditives. Wood constitutes the major ?art of the panel, by volume.
cement bonded panels
Hardboard produced by a wet process (S-1-S).
Boards which have special properties as a result of the combinationof two or more wood-based panels. The latter may be identifiable intheir' own right under other items of the classification, but under thepresent item they form an integral part of the panel. Examples areparticle board in a plywood or hardboard sandwich.
Hardboard produced by a dry process (S-2-S).
65 Other panels based on wood or other ligna-cellulosic materials
Combination board consisting of particle board core and a plywood face(at least 2 plies on each side of the core: particle board with one plyon each side is considered as veneered particle board) •
641 Particle board core, plywood face
651
6342 Hardboard wet process
6511
Cement bonded panels made of wood particles of fairly uniform size andquality.
"6512 Wood wool cement board
Cement bonded panel made of wood wool.
6519 Cement bonded panels n.e.s.
Inciudes notably WOOd/cement blocks wherein the wood particles are ofvarying type.
- 47 -
Code Number Heading and Definitions
653 Straw panels
659 Other panels based on wood or other ligno-cellulosic materials n.e.s
A compressed straw sheet made by pressing long parallel stalks of strawinto a panel by stitching or covering the panel with paperboard.
Mineral bonded panels, based on wood or other ligna-cellulosic materials,other than cement bonded panels
Panels manufactured from chi~s, particles, flakes etc. of wood or otherligna-cellulosic materials, bonded together with mineral binders otherthan cement, and chemical additives (e.g. gypsum board).
Includes any panels not covered by definitions of headings 61, 62, 63,64, 651, 652 and 653.
PULP OF WOOD, OTHER FIBROUS LIGNa-CELLULOSIC MATERIALS AND PULP OF WASTEPP.PER
7
652
Wood, other fibrousdown into fibres byas raw material forof dissolving pulp.
ligno-cellulosic materials or waste paper brokenmechanical or chemical means, so as to be suitablethe manufacture of paper, paperboard or the productsIt includes knot pUlp, reject pulp, and fluff pulp.
\.
71 Mechanical and chemi-mechanical wood pulp
Wood pulp obtained by grinding or milling into their fibres, coniferousor non-coniferous rounds, quarters, billets, etc. or through refiningconiferous or non-coniferous chips. Also called stone groundwood pulpand refiner pUlp. The billets or chips can be pretreated with a suitablechemical to produce chemi-mechanical pulp. For this pUlp, the ratio ofthe weight of the pulp produced to the weight of wood used is often veryhigh. The pUlp may be unbleached or bleached.
.,.711721741751
Unbleached pulg
Pulp not treated with chemicals to increase its brightness.
712722742752
72
Bleached pulp
Pulp treated with chemicals to increase its brightness.
Thermo-mechanical wood pulo,..~\
,.f,
73
Wood pulp produced by a mechanical process in which coniferous or oonconiferous wood particles are softened by pre-heating under pressureprior to a pressurized refining stage. It may be unbleached or bleached.
....Semi-chemical wood pulp
Wood pUlp obtained by mechanically reducing coniferous or non-coniferouswood to small pieces, which are cooked in a pressure vessel with asuitable chemical, but not SUfficiently for the fibres to separatereadily, followed by mechanical treatment. The ratio of the weight of
;the pulp produced to the ~eight of wood used is often very high. !t may~; be unbleached Dr bleached.
- 48 -
Code Number Heading and Definitions
74 Sulphate and soda wood pulp, except dissolving grades
Wood pulp obtained by mechanically reducing coniferous or non-coniferouswood to chips which are subsequently cooked in a pressure vessel in thepresence of sodium hydroxide cooking liquor (soda pulp) or a mixture ofsodium hydroxide and sodium sUlphide cooking liquor (sulphate pulp). Itmay be unbleached, partly bleached or bleached. The term "Kraft" isfrequently used to describe pulp made by the sulphate process.
75 Sulphite wood pulp, except dissolving grades
Wood pUlp obtained by mechanically reducing coniferous or non-coniferouswood to chips which are subsequently cooked in a pressure vessel in thepresence of a bisulphite cooking liquor. Bisulphites such as ammonium,calcium, magnesium, and sodium are commonly used. It may be unbleached,partly bleached or bleached.
76 Dissolving pulp
Highly bleached chemical pulp (sulphate, soda or sulphite) from coniferousor non-coniferous wood, rags, cotton linters, etc., of special quality,with a very high alpha-cellulose content (usually 90% and over), readilyadaptable for uses other than papermaking. These pUlps are alwaysbleached. They are used principally as a source of cellulose in themanufacture of products such as man-made fibres, cellulosic plasticmaterials, lacquers, explosives, etc.
761 Dissolving pulp from wood
Dissolving pulp obtained from coniferous or non-coniferous woad.
7611 Dissolving pulp, from wood, sulphate and soda
Dissolving grade wood pulp obtained by use of the sulphate and sodaprocess (see 74).
7612 Dissolving pulp, fromwaod. sulphite
Dissolving grade ~ood pulp obtained by use af the sUlphite process(see 75).
762 Dissolving pulp from ather fibrous ligno-cellulosic materials
Dissolving pulp obtained from rags, cotton linters, bamboo, etc.
77 Pulp of fibrous ligna-cellulosic materials, other than wood, exceptdissolving grades
Includes pulp, except dissolving grades, obtainedfibrous ligna-cellulosic materials, except wood.or bleached.
> ...
771 Straw pulp
Pulp made from straw.
772 Bagasse pulp
by any method fromIt may be unbleached
JI
773
Pulp made from bagasse.
Bamboo pulp
Pulp made from bamboo.
-~-
Code Number Heading and Definitions
774 Pulp from other fibrous 1igno-ce11ulosic materials, except wood, n.e.s.
Includes pulp, except dissolving grades, obtained by any method from suchmaterials as esparto and other reeds or grasses, cotton linters, flax,hemp, rags, other textile wastes.
78 Pulp of waste paper
Pulp obtained by the mechanical andlor chemical treatment of waste paper.It may be unbleached or bleached.
8 PAPER AND PAPERaOARD
These products are made from pulps, described in Group 7 and waste paperdescribed in Group 9, plUS fillers, size, colouring matter and otheradditives as required. They may be machine or hand made. The productsincluded under this heading are in rolls, or sheets. The rolls exceed15 em in width and the sheets have no side less than 36 em.
81 Newsprint
uncoated paper of the type mainly used for the printing of newspapers.It is unsized (or only slightly sized) usually containing at least 65%mechanical or thermo-mechanical wood pulp or other fibre pulp (percentof fibrous content) and usually weighing not less than 40 g/m2 and notmore than 57 91m2.
82 Other printing and writing paper
Paper, except newsprint, suitable for printing and other graphic purposes,made from a variety of furnishes and with various finishes. Included aresuch papers as book, magazine, directory, wall paper base stock, boxlining and covering, calculator papers, duplicating, tablet or block,label, lithography, banknote, stationery, manifold, onionskin, typewriter,poster, carbonising and photographic base paper, copying, security, offsetand gravure, self copy, etc. It may be uncoated or coated.
821 Coated printing and writing paper
Printing and writing papers, except newsprint, which have been coated onone or both sides with coating materials such as clay (beneficiatedKaolin) , barium SUlphate, gypsum or zinc oxide, often supplemented withsupercalendering, etc.
822 Uncoated printing and writing paper
Printing and writing papers, except newsprint, that may have been subjectedto sizing, calendering, super-calendering, glazing, water marking orsimilar simple finishing processes, but not to coating. Coating base paperfor own use or for sale to other paper mills is excluded to avoid doublecounting.
8211 Wood-containing8221
printing and writing papers containing 10% or more mechanical or thermomechanical pulp.
82128222
<wood-free
;
printing and writing papers containing less than 10% mechanical or thermomechanical pulp.
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---------------- 50 -
Code Number Heading and Definitions
83 Household and sanitar~ paper
Absorbent, creped ur uncreped, sometimes embossed, made frombleached or unbleached pulps, waste paper or a combination of these. Thistype of paper should be sufficientLy strong to avoid disintegration ortearing in use. Other important characteristics are high absorptivecapacity, retention of absorbed fluids, softness, freedom from lint andfrom unpleasant odours. It is made in white and a variety of coloursand in single, double or more plies. Exampes of ty?es of creped anduncreped paper included are: disposable tissues, facial tissues, napkin,sanitary wadding, toilet tissue, towelling, wiper stock.
84 Wrapping and packaging 2aper and paperboard
Pa~er and paperboard mainly used for wrapping and packaging purposes. Itis made from pulps, waste paper or any combination of these and may beSUbjected to simple finishing processes.
841 Linerboard
Paperboard made either from sulphate pulp (unbleached or bleached) orprincipally from waste paper, used as facing material on corrugated orsolid paper or paperboard boxes and containers.
8411 Kraft linerboard
Linerboard made ~holly or principally of unbleached or bleached SUlphatepulp.
8412 Other linerboard
Linerboard made principally of waste paper.
842 Pluting medium
Sometimes known as corrugating medium. Paper or paperboard used mainlyas a corrugating medium in the production of corrugated board. It may beproduced wholly or principally from semi-chemical wood pulp or fromother materials.
8421 Semi-chemical fluting medium
Fluting medium made wholly or principally of semi-chemical wood pulp.
B422 Other fluting medium
Fluting medium made of materials other than semi-chemical wood pulp.
843 Kraft wrapping and packaging paper
All other papers made wholly or principally from unbleached and bleached; sulphate pulp used in the manufacture of Single or multi-wall sacks or
for other wrapping and packaging purposes.
8431 sack Kraft
Unbleached and bleached Kraft wrapping and packaging paper used in themanufacture of single or multi-wall sacks.
8432 Other Kraft wrappings
All unbleached and bleached Kraft wrapping and packaging paper and paperboard, other than sack Kraft.
- 51 -
'Code Number Heading and Definitions
844 Folding Boxboard
8442 Waste paper based folding boxboard
845 Other wrapping and packaging paper and paperboard
8441 Pulp-based folding boxboard
These folding boxboards are either single ply, made from an unbleachedpUlp furnish, or multi-ply, made from a combination of chemical andmechanical and/or thermo-mechanical pUlps.
Folding boxboard based on other pulp
Folding boxboard based on bleached chemical pulp
These folding boxboards are made wholly from chemical pulp or from acombination of chemical and mechanical and/or thermo-mechanical pulps.
These folding boxboards may be either single-ply boards of bleachedchemical pulp or mUlti-ply boards with bleached pulp on both sides.
All other papers mainly used for wrapping purposes. They also includevegetable parchment, grease-proof and glassine paper and other similarpapers n.e.s.
Folding boxboard made from waste paper or a combination of waste paperand pulp.
Paperboard with good stiffness, scoring and folding characteristics. Thesepaperboards are made from pulp, waste paper or any combination of these.They may be plain or coloured. throughout the mass, Solid, single or multiply, coated or uncoated. Included are folding carton for milk and otherliquids and food service boxboards.
8451 Other wrapping paper
8452 Other packaging paperboard
84411
84412
All other paperboards used for packaging purposes. Included are strawpaperboard, non-folding board for shipping cases, etc. Excluded iscorrugated board which is considered as converted paperboard.
85 Other paper and paperboard n.e.s.
Includes all paper and paperboard, not specified under headings 81, 82,83 and 84.
851 Other paper n.e.s.
Includes special thin paper made for special purposes (such as carbonising tissue, condenser and capacitor paper, cigarette paper, lens,;tencil and pattern tissues and tea bag paper), Kraft papers for waxing,asphalting, water proofing, laminating, impregnating, spinning ortwisting, gumming, insulating, cable carbonising electrical, etc. andother papers n.e.s.
852 ;Other paper n.e.s.,
~ This heading covers paper and paperboard combinations and paperboard madefor special uses, such as construction paper and paperboard and paperboards n.e.s., such as beer mat board, gasket board, index pressboard,matrix board, panel board (automotive), press textile board, shoe board,transformer board, trunk and suitcase board.
9, WASTE PAPER
- 52 -
Code Number Heading and Definitions
Raw cork
Paper and paperboard which has been used for its original purposes orresidues from paper conversion, which could be re-used as a raw materialfor the manufacture of paqer, paperboard, panels, moulded products, etc.and for wrapping, packaging or other purposes, with or without furtherprocessing.
Mainly mechanical ouip containing waste paper
Quality range based on old and overissue newspapers and magazines,telephone directories, brochures, etc.
Mainly unbleached sulphate pulp containing waste paoer
Quality range based on corrugated, solid containers and Kraft sack waste(old and new).
Mainly bleached chemical pUlp containing waste paper
RAW, SE~I-PROCESSED AND WORKED CORK
This includes all waste paper not defined in items 91, 92 and 93, notablymixtures of these types with each other and with other types.
other waste paper including mixed waste
Quality range based on wood-free printing and writing papers, punch cardsand other high grade qualities.
Cork having undergone no treatment whatever after stripping.
Virgin cork in slabs
Reproduction cork in slabs
Cork constituting the original cover of the trunk and branches in theform of slabs, i.e. as when stripped from the tree.
Small pieces of cork, cork refuse and waste
Cork formed, after stripping virgin cork, as a result of the regenerationof the suberophellodermic meristem in the inactive inner bark, the external part of which forms the back of this cork.
Includes~
(b) corokwood refuse (rebusca) and corkwaste from the semi-processing ofcork i.e. corkwood of a low quality, not suitable for further transformation by cutting and cork wood scraps remaining after the semiprocessing of cork or its transformation by cutting.
(a) ramassage and gleanings of raw cork i.e. virgin or reproduction cork-from trees, branches or other parts of trees whose wood and even thebast has rotted away and small pieces of virgin or reproduction corkleft lying in the oak groves during normal stripping and collectedafterwards, and
92
91
94
93
10
101
1011
1013
1012
102 Semi-processed cork
Rel?roduction cork. 'boiled, scraped, flattened, selected and whereapplicable, trimmed.
- 53 -
Code Number Heading and Definitions
1021 Corkwood in planks
Large size pieces of corkwQod, the surface area of which is at least400 cm2, of a quality suitable for further transformation by cutting andtrimming.
1022 Corkwood nieces
Pieces of corkwood, the surface area of which is less than 400 cm2, of aquality suitable for further transformation by cutting.
103 Worked cork
Raw or semi-processed cork which has been transformed primarily bycutting, granUlation or agglomeration.
lOTI
1032
Agglomerated cork, including corkboard
Material obtained by agglomeration or agglutination of granulated cork(expanded or not) or, occasionally, of regranulated cork or cork waste.Products include pure agglomerated cork (unexpanded or expanded) andcomposition cork, the manufacture of the latter being with the additionof a binder not derived from cork.
Other worked cork n.e.S.
Includes simple pieces of cork cut into varying form and size accordingto their final purpose; granulated cork; expanded granulated cork;regranulated cork; and cork powder.
~NNEX TO TH8 DEFINITIONS:
- 54 -USE CLASSIFICA~ION OF WOOD RAW ~TERIAL (GROUPS 1, 3 ~NO 4)
At the 5-digit level of the classification, wood raw material is classified by theuse to which it will be put. Set out below is a brief listing of these end-uses. Asthey occur frequently in the classifications, each use classification has many 5-digititem numbers (e.g. "for pulp" occurs 20 times). The exact r.;!ferences are not thereforegiven here although readers may tind them easily in the classification.
In addition, "for other uses, n.e.s." is not defined here.
E For pulp
F For particle board
G For fibreboard
H For wood 'Nool
I Pitpro~
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13
C
D
J
K
L
M
For sawnwood and sleeoers
For veneer sheets
Poles
Pllinq
Posts
For energy (fuelwood)
For horticultural purposes
For animal feed
""
For the manufacture of sawnwood and sleepers(items 511 and 521).
For the manufacture of Veneer sheets and plywood(items 522 and 61).
Straight pieces usually of 5 m, or more in length.They are used principally to support telephone,telegraph and electrical transmission lines and forscaffolding.
Long straight pieces suitable for driving into theground under impact. They are used principally inconstruction of harbour works, and as underpinningfor bridges and buildings.
For the manufacture of pulp (Group 7) •
For the manufacture of particleboard (item 62).
For the manuf~cture of fibreboard (item 63).
For the manufacture of wood wool (item 4133) .
Wood in the rough used in m1n1ng operations,principally as support members in undergroundogerations. Sawn mining timber is included insawnwood (subgroups 511 and 521).
Round, hewn, squared or split wood, usually lessthan 3 m in length, but possibly up to 5 m, usedfor fencing, guard rails and the like.
To be used as a source of energy, for purposes suchas cooking, heating or 90wer production. Wood forcharcoal, pit kilns and portable ovens is included.
For USe in horticultural operations, notably as agrowing medium.
To be fed directly to animals or to be used as rawmaterial for the manufacture of certain types ofanimal feed.
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