Classical Mythology. What is mythology? Mythology is the study of myths. The word myth comes from...

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Classical Mythology Classical Mythology

Transcript of Classical Mythology. What is mythology? Mythology is the study of myths. The word myth comes from...

Page 1: Classical Mythology. What is mythology? Mythology is the study of myths. The word myth comes from the word mythos, the Greek word for “story.”

Classical MythologyClassical Mythology

Page 2: Classical Mythology. What is mythology? Mythology is the study of myths. The word myth comes from the word mythos, the Greek word for “story.”

What is mythology?What is mythology?

MythologyMythology is the study of myths. is the study of myths.

The word The word mythmyth comes from the comes from the word word mythosmythos, the Greek word , the Greek word

for “story.”for “story.”

Page 3: Classical Mythology. What is mythology? Mythology is the study of myths. The word myth comes from the word mythos, the Greek word for “story.”

What is a myth?What is a myth?

A A mythmyth is a traditional, typically ancient is a traditional, typically ancient story dealing with supernatural beings, story dealing with supernatural beings, ancestors, or heroes that serves as a ancestors, or heroes that serves as a fundamental type in the worldview of a fundamental type in the worldview of a people, as by explaining aspects of the people, as by explaining aspects of the natural world or delineating the natural world or delineating the psychology, customs, or ideals of psychology, customs, or ideals of society.society.

"myth.""myth." The American Heritage® Dictionary of the English Language, Fourth Edition The American Heritage® Dictionary of the English Language, Fourth Edition. Houghton Mifflin Company, . Houghton Mifflin Company, 2004. 12 Nov. 2006. <Dictionary.com 2004. 12 Nov. 2006. <Dictionary.com http://dictionary.reference.com/browse/mythhttp://dictionary.reference.com/browse/myth>>

Page 4: Classical Mythology. What is mythology? Mythology is the study of myths. The word myth comes from the word mythos, the Greek word for “story.”

What is a myth?What is a myth?

A myth is a traditionalA myth is a traditional, typically ancient , typically ancient storystory dealing with supernatural beings, dealing with supernatural beings, ancestors, or heroes that serves as a ancestors, or heroes that serves as a fundamental type in the worldview of a fundamental type in the worldview of a people, as by people, as by explaining aspects of explaining aspects of the natural worldthe natural world or delineating or delineating the the psychology, customs, or ideals of psychology, customs, or ideals of societysociety..

"myth.""myth." The American Heritage® Dictionary of the English Language, Fourth Edition The American Heritage® Dictionary of the English Language, Fourth Edition. Houghton Mifflin Company, . Houghton Mifflin Company, 2004. 12 Nov. 2006. <Dictionary.com 2004. 12 Nov. 2006. <Dictionary.com http://dictionary.reference.com/browse/mythhttp://dictionary.reference.com/browse/myth>>

Page 5: Classical Mythology. What is mythology? Mythology is the study of myths. The word myth comes from the word mythos, the Greek word for “story.”

What purpose do myths What purpose do myths serve?serve?

Imagine you see two Imagine you see two people arguing in a people arguing in a parking lot of your local parking lot of your local grocery store. They grocery store. They are shouting loudly are shouting loudly enough for you to hear enough for you to hear some of the argument. some of the argument. If you are like most If you are like most people, you slow down people, you slow down and watch. What are and watch. What are they fighting about? they fighting about? How did the fight start?How did the fight start?

Page 6: Classical Mythology. What is mythology? Mythology is the study of myths. The word myth comes from the word mythos, the Greek word for “story.”

What purpose do myths What purpose do myths serve?serve?

• It is human nature to find explanations for It is human nature to find explanations for the unknown.the unknown.

• Myths were created for this human need Myths were created for this human need to explain the unexplainable.to explain the unexplainable.– How did life begin?How did life begin?– Where do stars come from?Where do stars come from?– Why are there different seasons?Why are there different seasons?– Why do people die? Where do they go when Why do people die? Where do they go when

they do?they do?

Page 7: Classical Mythology. What is mythology? Mythology is the study of myths. The word myth comes from the word mythos, the Greek word for “story.”

Questions to AnswerQuestions to Answer

• In the Greek creation myth, what In the Greek creation myth, what came first?came first?

• Who is Gaia?Who is Gaia?

• Who are Gaia’s children?Who are Gaia’s children?

• What did Uranus do to his children?What did Uranus do to his children?

• Who is Cronus?Who is Cronus?

• What did Cronus do to his children?What did Cronus do to his children?

Page 8: Classical Mythology. What is mythology? Mythology is the study of myths. The word myth comes from the word mythos, the Greek word for “story.”

The BeginningThe Beginning

Chaos came first.Chaos came first.

Chaos was Chaos was enormous, dark, enormous, dark, and without shape.and without shape.

It contained all land, It contained all land, sea, and air.sea, and air.

Page 9: Classical Mythology. What is mythology? Mythology is the study of myths. The word myth comes from the word mythos, the Greek word for “story.”

The BeginningThe Beginning

The forever-The forever-changing nature of changing nature of chaos made it chaos made it impossible to walk impossible to walk on the land, swim on the land, swim in the water, or in the water, or breathe the air.breathe the air.

Page 10: Classical Mythology. What is mythology? Mythology is the study of myths. The word myth comes from the word mythos, the Greek word for “story.”

The BeginningThe Beginning

Then came Gaia, the Earth Goddess. She Then came Gaia, the Earth Goddess. She was either born from Chaos or rose on was either born from Chaos or rose on her own.her own.

Page 11: Classical Mythology. What is mythology? Mythology is the study of myths. The word myth comes from the word mythos, the Greek word for “story.”

The BeginningThe Beginning

With Gaia came With Gaia came order. The ever-order. The ever-shifting elements shifting elements of Chaos stabilized.of Chaos stabilized.

Through Gaia and Through Gaia and Chaos all else Chaos all else came into being.came into being.

Page 12: Classical Mythology. What is mythology? Mythology is the study of myths. The word myth comes from the word mythos, the Greek word for “story.”

The BeginningThe Beginning

In her sleep, Gaia gave In her sleep, Gaia gave birth to Uranus, the birth to Uranus, the god of the sky.god of the sky.

Gaia and Uranus mated Gaia and Uranus mated to create the world’s to create the world’s mountains, seas, mountains, seas, animals, and plants.animals, and plants.

Page 13: Classical Mythology. What is mythology? Mythology is the study of myths. The word myth comes from the word mythos, the Greek word for “story.”

Gaia and UranusGaia and Uranus

Heaven and Earth Heaven and Earth brought forth the brought forth the three 100-Handed three 100-Handed Giants and the Giants and the three Cyclopes.three Cyclopes.

Page 14: Classical Mythology. What is mythology? Mythology is the study of myths. The word myth comes from the word mythos, the Greek word for “story.”

World’s Worst DadWorld’s Worst Dad

Uranus found his children threatening, Uranus found his children threatening, so he forced them into Tartarus, the so he forced them into Tartarus, the

Underworld.Underworld.

This caused pain to Gaia because This caused pain to Gaia because Tartarus was her bowels! Ouch!Tartarus was her bowels! Ouch!

Page 15: Classical Mythology. What is mythology? Mythology is the study of myths. The word myth comes from the word mythos, the Greek word for “story.”

The TitansThe Titans

Gaia and Uranus also Gaia and Uranus also brought forth the brought forth the twelve Titans.twelve Titans.

The Titans were the The Titans were the gigantic and gigantic and powerful beings powerful beings who were the first who were the first to rule the universe.to rule the universe.

Page 16: Classical Mythology. What is mythology? Mythology is the study of myths. The word myth comes from the word mythos, the Greek word for “story.”

Titanic IndigestionTitanic Indigestion

Uranus hated these children passionately. He Uranus hated these children passionately. He feared they would overpower him.feared they would overpower him.

After each of the twelve Titans were born, he After each of the twelve Titans were born, he forced the baby back into Gaia’s womb so forced the baby back into Gaia’s womb so

they would never live in the light of the they would never live in the light of the world. Ouch again!world. Ouch again!

Page 17: Classical Mythology. What is mythology? Mythology is the study of myths. The word myth comes from the word mythos, the Greek word for “story.”

Bloody RevengeBloody Revenge

To get back at Uranus To get back at Uranus for his cruelties, Gaia for his cruelties, Gaia came up with a plan.came up with a plan.

Cronus, the youngest of Cronus, the youngest of the Titans, sliced off the Titans, sliced off his father’s genitals.his father’s genitals.

Page 18: Classical Mythology. What is mythology? Mythology is the study of myths. The word myth comes from the word mythos, the Greek word for “story.”

Another Round of BirthsAnother Round of Births

When Uranus’ castrated When Uranus’ castrated organ landed in the organ landed in the sea, the severed organ sea, the severed organ floated in the water, floated in the water, and Aphrodite was and Aphrodite was born.born.

Aphrodite is the goddess Aphrodite is the goddess of sexual love and of sexual love and beauty.beauty.

Page 19: Classical Mythology. What is mythology? Mythology is the study of myths. The word myth comes from the word mythos, the Greek word for “story.”

The Reign of the TitansThe Reign of the Titans

After the victorious After the victorious castration, the Titans castration, the Titans named Cronus their named Cronus their king.king.

The union of Cronus and The union of Cronus and his sister Rhea produced his sister Rhea produced six children who would six children who would soon sit on thrones on soon sit on thrones on Mount Olympus as Mount Olympus as powerful gods.powerful gods.

Page 20: Classical Mythology. What is mythology? Mythology is the study of myths. The word myth comes from the word mythos, the Greek word for “story.”

Like Father, Like SonLike Father, Like Son

Cronus also feared Cronus also feared that he would lose that he would lose his great power to his great power to a son.a son.

Instead of forcing his Instead of forcing his children back into children back into their mother, which their mother, which didn’t work for didn’t work for Uranus, Cronus Uranus, Cronus swallowed his swallowed his offspring.offspring.

Page 21: Classical Mythology. What is mythology? Mythology is the study of myths. The word myth comes from the word mythos, the Greek word for “story.”

More Questions to AnswerMore Questions to Answer

• Who are Zeus’ parents?Who are Zeus’ parents?

• How was his birth different than his How was his birth different than his siblings?siblings?

• How did Zeus help his siblings?How did Zeus help his siblings?

• Who was the war of the Titans Who was the war of the Titans between?between?

• Who won?Who won?

• What happened to the losers?What happened to the losers?

Page 22: Classical Mythology. What is mythology? Mythology is the study of myths. The word myth comes from the word mythos, the Greek word for “story.”

Rhea’s PlanRhea’s Plan

Pregnant with their Pregnant with their sixth child, Zeus, sixth child, Zeus, Rhea begged her Rhea begged her parents to help.parents to help.

Gaia and Uranus agreed Gaia and Uranus agreed to hide the baby in a to hide the baby in a cave and care for him. cave and care for him. Other versions of the Other versions of the myth say that nymphs myth say that nymphs raised Zeus.raised Zeus.

Page 23: Classical Mythology. What is mythology? Mythology is the study of myths. The word myth comes from the word mythos, the Greek word for “story.”

Then Along Came ZeusThen Along Came Zeus

Rhea brought Cronus Rhea brought Cronus a stone wrapped in a stone wrapped in a blanketa blanket

Cronus, thinking that Cronus, thinking that the stone was the the stone was the baby, swallowed it baby, swallowed it whole.whole.

Page 24: Classical Mythology. What is mythology? Mythology is the study of myths. The word myth comes from the word mythos, the Greek word for “story.”

Hey Zeus!Hey Zeus!

Zeus grew to be Zeus grew to be invincibly strong.invincibly strong.

He met with his He met with his mother, Rhea, to mother, Rhea, to devise a plan to devise a plan to free his brothers free his brothers and sisters.and sisters.

Page 25: Classical Mythology. What is mythology? Mythology is the study of myths. The word myth comes from the word mythos, the Greek word for “story.”

The Gagging of a GodThe Gagging of a God

Zeus, disguised as a Zeus, disguised as a servant, offered servant, offered Cronus a drink.Cronus a drink.

This emetic potion This emetic potion caused Cronus to caused Cronus to throw up all the throw up all the children he had children he had swallowed.swallowed.

Page 26: Classical Mythology. What is mythology? Mythology is the study of myths. The word myth comes from the word mythos, the Greek word for “story.”

Grandmotherly AdviceGrandmotherly Advice

Gaia urged the Gaia urged the Titans to Titans to accept Zeus accept Zeus as the leader as the leader of the gods, of the gods, but most but most refused. War refused. War broke out.broke out.

Page 27: Classical Mythology. What is mythology? Mythology is the study of myths. The word myth comes from the word mythos, the Greek word for “story.”

War of the TitansWar of the Titans

The OlympiansThe Olympians

Led by Zeus and his Led by Zeus and his newly freed newly freed siblings:siblings:

Hestia, Demeter, Hestia, Demeter, Hera, Hades, and Hera, Hades, and Poseidon. Poseidon.

The TitansThe Titans

On the other side On the other side was Cronus and was Cronus and the other Titans the other Titans (although some of (although some of the Titans avoided the Titans avoided getting involved).getting involved).

Page 28: Classical Mythology. What is mythology? Mythology is the study of myths. The word myth comes from the word mythos, the Greek word for “story.”

A Titanic StruggleA Titanic Struggle

The war waged on The war waged on for 10 years.for 10 years.

Each side was strong Each side was strong and stubborn.and stubborn.

Even after 10 years, Even after 10 years, neither side was neither side was winning.winning.

Page 29: Classical Mythology. What is mythology? Mythology is the study of myths. The word myth comes from the word mythos, the Greek word for “story.”

A Visit to the UnderworldA Visit to the Underworld

Zeus, hoping to gain Zeus, hoping to gain an upper hand in an upper hand in the war, went down the war, went down to the Tartarus to the Tartarus (aka Gaia’s bowels) (aka Gaia’s bowels) and freed the three and freed the three 100-Handed Giants 100-Handed Giants and the Cyclopesand the Cyclopes

Page 30: Classical Mythology. What is mythology? Mythology is the study of myths. The word myth comes from the word mythos, the Greek word for “story.”

The Grateful Not-So-DeadThe Grateful Not-So-Dead

Now freed from Tartarus, the place in Now freed from Tartarus, the place in the underworld even lower than the underworld even lower than Hades, these scorned children of Hades, these scorned children of Uranus were grateful to Zeus.Uranus were grateful to Zeus.

To Zeus and two of his brothers, the To Zeus and two of his brothers, the Cyclopes gave gifts of gratitude.Cyclopes gave gifts of gratitude.

Page 31: Classical Mythology. What is mythology? Mythology is the study of myths. The word myth comes from the word mythos, the Greek word for “story.”

Helmet for HadesHelmet for Hades

To Hades, son of To Hades, son of Cronus and brother Cronus and brother of Zeus, the of Zeus, the Cyclopes gave a Cyclopes gave a helmet of helmet of invisibility.invisibility.

Do you see him?Do you see him?

Page 32: Classical Mythology. What is mythology? Mythology is the study of myths. The word myth comes from the word mythos, the Greek word for “story.”

Helmet for HadesHelmet for Hades

To Hades, son of To Hades, son of Cronus and brother Cronus and brother of Zeus, the of Zeus, the Cyclopes gave a Cyclopes gave a helmet of helmet of invisibility.invisibility.

See him now?See him now?

Page 33: Classical Mythology. What is mythology? Mythology is the study of myths. The word myth comes from the word mythos, the Greek word for “story.”

Present for PoseidonPresent for Poseidon

To Poseidon, also a To Poseidon, also a son of Cronus and son of Cronus and a brother of Zeus, a brother of Zeus, the Cyclopes gave the Cyclopes gave a trident.a trident.

Page 34: Classical Mythology. What is mythology? Mythology is the study of myths. The word myth comes from the word mythos, the Greek word for “story.”

What a Gift!What a Gift!

To Zeus, the To Zeus, the Cyclopes gave Cyclopes gave thunder and the thunder and the lightning bolt.lightning bolt.

These would become These would become his weapons of his weapons of choice.choice.

Page 35: Classical Mythology. What is mythology? Mythology is the study of myths. The word myth comes from the word mythos, the Greek word for “story.”

Helping HandsHelping Hands

The 3 Hundred-The 3 Hundred-Handed Giants Handed Giants were great were great warriors.warriors.

Page 36: Classical Mythology. What is mythology? Mythology is the study of myths. The word myth comes from the word mythos, the Greek word for “story.”

Gaining an Upper Hand(s)Gaining an Upper Hand(s)

They hurled huge They hurled huge boulders at the boulders at the Titans, causing Titans, causing much damage.much damage.

Page 37: Classical Mythology. What is mythology? Mythology is the study of myths. The word myth comes from the word mythos, the Greek word for “story.”

Zeus: Back in the GameZeus: Back in the Game

Zeus felt renewed and Zeus felt renewed and strong.strong.

His new powers His new powers caused great caused great destruction.destruction.

Forests were wiped Forests were wiped out in angry fires out in angry fires caused by his caused by his lightning.lightning.

Page 38: Classical Mythology. What is mythology? Mythology is the study of myths. The word myth comes from the word mythos, the Greek word for “story.”

Great Zeus! Great Zeus!

The seas The seas boiled with boiled with the heat of the heat of Zeus’ Zeus’ attacksattacks

Page 39: Classical Mythology. What is mythology? Mythology is the study of myths. The word myth comes from the word mythos, the Greek word for “story.”

Gifts of the GodsGifts of the Gods

• Invisible with his helmet, Hades was Invisible with his helmet, Hades was able to steal the weapons of Cronus.able to steal the weapons of Cronus.

• Armed with his trident, Poseidon Armed with his trident, Poseidon attacked their father.attacked their father.

• While Poseidon attacked, Zeus was While Poseidon attacked, Zeus was able to throw a lightning bolt at the able to throw a lightning bolt at the distracted Cronus.distracted Cronus.

Page 40: Classical Mythology. What is mythology? Mythology is the study of myths. The word myth comes from the word mythos, the Greek word for “story.”

Victory!Victory!

Cronus admitted defeat. The Titans had lost Cronus admitted defeat. The Titans had lost to The Olympians.to The Olympians.

Page 41: Classical Mythology. What is mythology? Mythology is the study of myths. The word myth comes from the word mythos, the Greek word for “story.”

What Losers!What Losers!

The defeated Titans The defeated Titans were imprisoned were imprisoned in the lowest in the lowest depths of depths of Tartarus.Tartarus.

But for Atlas, an But for Atlas, an important Titan important Titan soldier, a special soldier, a special punishment was punishment was reserved.reserved.

Page 42: Classical Mythology. What is mythology? Mythology is the study of myths. The word myth comes from the word mythos, the Greek word for “story.”

A Heavy Load to BearA Heavy Load to Bear

Old Uranus, the sky, Old Uranus, the sky, nearly collapsed nearly collapsed onto the earth after onto the earth after the war because so the war because so much fighting had much fighting had occurred below. As occurred below. As a result, Zeus a result, Zeus condemned Atlas to condemned Atlas to hold up the hold up the heavens and sky for heavens and sky for eternity. eternity.

Page 43: Classical Mythology. What is mythology? Mythology is the study of myths. The word myth comes from the word mythos, the Greek word for “story.”

Prometheus and Prometheus and EpimetheusEpimetheus

Epimetheus, Epimetheus, Menoetius, and Menoetius, and Prometheus Prometheus switched sides switched sides and aided Zeus in and aided Zeus in the war therefore the war therefore they were not they were not punished. punished.

Page 44: Classical Mythology. What is mythology? Mythology is the study of myths. The word myth comes from the word mythos, the Greek word for “story.”

Where’s Cronus?Where’s Cronus?

Some say Cronus was Some say Cronus was banished to banished to Tartarus . . .Tartarus . . .

. . . But some say he . . . But some say he escaped after the war escaped after the war and is in hiding . . .and is in hiding . . .

Page 45: Classical Mythology. What is mythology? Mythology is the study of myths. The word myth comes from the word mythos, the Greek word for “story.”

Mount OlympusMount Olympus

After the war, the After the war, the Olympians retired Olympians retired to Mount Olympus, to Mount Olympus, the highest the highest mountain in mountain in Greece.Greece.

Page 46: Classical Mythology. What is mythology? Mythology is the study of myths. The word myth comes from the word mythos, the Greek word for “story.”

The Mighty TwelveThe Mighty Twelve

At Mount Olympus, At Mount Olympus, twelve gods and twelve gods and goddesses spent goddesses spent their days drinking their days drinking and feasting.and feasting.

Page 47: Classical Mythology. What is mythology? Mythology is the study of myths. The word myth comes from the word mythos, the Greek word for “story.”

The Olympian AgeThe Olympian Age

Though this Though this particular chapter particular chapter of Greek of Greek mythology is over, mythology is over, the story has just the story has just begun!begun!