YEAR 1732 1732 - 1739 1740 - 1745 1746 - 1750WORLD HISTORY

HAYDN

1738 - Pope Clement XII issues the Eminenti Apostolatus

Specula prohibiting Catholics from becoming Freemasons.

War of Austrian Succession, questioning the succession of Maria Theresa to the realms of

the House of Hamburg. 1744 - First Saudi Estate was founded. Handel composes the

Messiah. The famous author Jonathan Swift dies.

Peak of the little ice age.

Birth - March 31 at Rohrau, Austria.

Childhood - at 1738 he was sent to Hamburg with to be

trained as chorister.

1740 - Sent to Vienna to sing at the St. Stephen's Cathedral choir where he learned Keyboard, Strings and Music Theory. Long hours of practice and poor care was the

characteristic of his stay at the choir.

1749 - Haydn left the choir for his voice had

become broken.

WORKS

MOZART

WORKS

BEETHOVEN

WORKS

1751 - 1755 1756 - 1760Seven Years War among European powers. The French and Indian war begins between Britain and

France.

After leaving the choir, he worked as a freelance musician and composer. 1752 - He became the

accompanist of Italian Composer Nicola Porpora where he learned the true fundamentals of

composition.

1757 - He found a stable job as the Kappelmeister for Count Morzin of Austria. 1760 - Haydn married Maria Anna Keller.

However, their marriage was unhappy.

Keyboard Concerto No. 1 in C, Hob. XVIII/1

1756 - Mozart was born, January 27th. He was baptized the next day at St. Rupert's Cathedral.

1761 - 1765 1766 - 1770Treaty of Paris ends French and Indian war. The Mason - Dixon Line is drawn.

Catherine the great relaxes religious persecution in Russia.

1761 - After the financial downfall of Count Morzin, Haydn was employed as Vice Kappelmeister at the Esterhazy family.

1766 - Haydn was promoted to Kappelmeister of the Esterhazy family. Haydn's life was very comfortable due to

his large salary and access to fine musicians from the Esterhazy family.

Cappricio in G Major Hob XVII:1 Arrieta with 19 Variatons in A Major Hob VXII:2 Variations in D Major Hob XVII:7 Sonata in D Major Hob XIV:5 Sonata in C Major Hob XVI/1 Sonata in G Major Hob XVI/G1 Sonata in B flat Major Hob XVI:2 Sonata in D Minor Hob XVI:2a Sonata in A Major Hob XVI:2b Sonata in B Major Hob XVI:2c Sonata in B flat Major Hob XVI:2d Sonata in E Minor Hob XVI:2e Sonata in C major Hob XVI:2g Sonata in A Major Hob XVI:2h Sonata in C Major Hob XVI/3 Sonata in D Major Hob XVI/4 Sonata in A Major Hob XVI/5 Sonata in G Major Hob XVI/6 Sonata in C Major Hob XVI/7 Sonata in G major Hob XVI/8

Sonata in F Major Hob XVI/9 Sonata in C Major Hob

XVI/10 Sonata in A Major Hob XVI/12 Sonata in E

Major Hob XVI/13 Sonata in D Major Hob XVI/14

Sonata in E flat Major Hob XVI:16 Sonata in B flat Major Hob XVI/18

Arrieta with 23 Variations in E flat Major Hob VXII:3 Sonata in D major Hob XVI:19

Sonata in G Minor Hob XVI:44 Sonata in E flat Major Hob XVI:45

Sonata in A flat Major Hob XVI:46 Sonata in F Major Hob XVI:47 12 Minuets and 4 Trios Hob IX:3 Keyboard Concerto No. 2 in D, Hob. XVIII/2

Keyboard Concerto No. 6 in F with violin and strings (Double Concerto), Hob. XVIII/6

Keyboard Concerto No. 8 in C, Hob. XVIII/8Keyboard Concerto No. 9 in G, Hob. XVIII/9

Mozart played little pieces which was written down to his father. These became the K 1-5 which was recorded in Nannerl's notebook. 1762 to 1765 - Mozart and Nannerl performed at an exhibition for Prince Maximillian III in Munich. This was followed by a tour in Europe as child prodigies. He also visited Johann Christian

Bach which became a big influence. 1764 - Mozart also composed his first symphony at age 8.

1767 - The family went back to Vienna after the gruelling tour where they have to endure stress and sicknesses from travelling extensively. 1768 - Leopold and Mozart set off for

Italy where he was accepted as a member of Accademia Filharmonica and wrote miserere from memory after

hearing it once. 1770 - His Mitridate, re di Ponte which was performed in Milan was a success. This was Mozart's first

major opera.

Nannerl's Music BookAndante in C, K. 1aAllegro in C, K. 1bAllegro in F, K. 1cMinuet in F, K. 1dMinuet in G, K. 1eMinuet in C, K. 1fMinuet in F, K. 2

Allegro in B-flat, K. 3Minuet in F, K. 4Minuet in F, K. 5

Allegro in C, K. 5aAndante in B-flat, K. 5b

Klavierstück in F, K. 33b Piano Concerto No. 1 in F major, K. 37

Piano Concerto No. 2 in B-flat major, K. 39Piano Concerto No. 3 in D major, K. 40Piano Concerto No. 4 in G major, K. 41

Beethoven is born on December 17, 1770 at Bonn, Germany. Beethoven's grandfather whom he was very

close to died from a stroke of apoplexy. Beethoven became quiet after losing his grandfather.

1771 - 1775 1776 - 1780The United States of America issues the declaration of Independence.

Employed at Esterhazy household.

The first volume of Encyclopaedia Britannica is published. France signs treaty of alliance with the

US.

Employed at Esterhazy household. He began to feel longing for Vienna since the Esterhazy stayed much at Esterhaza palace in

Hungary. 1778 - Artaria publishing company, the first in Hamburg, began publishing music and Haydn marketed himself well using the

publishing industry.

Sonata in C Minor Hob XVI:20 Sonata in C Major Hob XVI:21 Sonata in E Major Hob XVI:22 Sonata in F Major Hob XVI:23 Sonata in D Major Hob XVI:24

Sonata in E flat Major Hob XVI:25 Sonata in A Major Hob XVI:26

Sonata in F Major Hob XVI:29 Sonata in D Major Hob XVI:33 Sonata in E Minor Hob XVI:34 Sonata in C Major Hob XVI:35 Sonata in C sharp Minor Hob XVI:36 Sonata in D Major Hob XVI:37 Sonata in E flat major Hov XVI:38 Sonata in A flat Major Hob XVI:43

Keyboard Concerto No. 3 in F with French horns and strings, Hob. XVIII/3

Keyboard Concerto No. 4 in G, Hob. XVIII/4 Keyboard Concerto No. 5 in C with strings, Hob. XVIII/5 Keyboard Concerto No. 10 in C, Hob. XVIII/10

Keyboard Concerto in F, Hob. XVIII/F2

Sonata in G Major Hob XVI:27 Sonata in E flat major Hob XVI:28 Sonata in A Major Hob XVI:30

Sonata in E Major Hob XVI:31 Sonata in B Minor Hob XVI:32 Sonata in G Major Hob XVI:39 Sonata in G Major Hob XVI:40 Keyboard Concerto No. 11 in D, Hob. XVIII/11

1773 - Mozart became the court musician of Prince-Archbishop Hieronymus Colloredo in Salzburg. Due to his low salary, Mozart was forced to find other

positions especially after the court theater closed in 1775.

1777 - Mozart resigned from his position in Salzburg and went to Augsburg, Mannheim, Paris and Munich for employment. In his visit to Mannheim, he fell in love with Aloysia Weber which is a daughter

of a musical family. 1778 - Mozart was running out of money and resorted to borrowing and pawning valuables. His mother died on the

3rd of July. He came back home on 1779.

Piano Sonata No. 1 in C major, K. 279Piano Sonata No. 2 in F major, K. 280

Piano Sonata No. 3 in B-flat major, K. 281 Piano Sonata No. 4 in E-flat major, K. 282

Piano Sonata No. 5 in G major, K. 283 Piano Sonata No. 6 in D major, K. 284 Three Piano Concertos in D major, G

major and E-flat major, K. 107Piano Concerto No. 5 in D major, K. 175

Piano Sonata No. 7 in C major, K. 309 Piano Sonata No. 8 in A minor, K. 310

Piano Sonata No. 9 in D major, K. 311 Piano Concerto No. 6 in B-flat major, K. 238

Piano Concerto No. 7 in F major for Three Pianos, K. 242Piano Concerto No. 8 in C major, "Lützow", K. 246

Piano Concerto No. 9 in E-flat major, "Jeunehomme", K. 271Piano Concerto No. 10 in E-flat major for Two Pianos, K. 365

1774 - Beethoven receives musical instruction from his father.

1778 - Beethoven's first known public performance at Cologne. 1779 - Beethoven began his education with Christian Gottlob Neefe who was

appointed court organist and taught Beethoven composition.

1781 - 1785 1786 - 1790The American Revolution ends with the signing of the Treaty of Paris. The Bastille is invaded in Paris, initiating the French Revolution.

Employed at Esterhazy household. 1784 - Haydn met Mozart in one of his visits in Vienna and they have become good friends ever since.

Employed at Esterhazy household. 1789 - Haydn had a relationship with Maria Anna von Genzinger who was the wife of Prince Nikolaus' personal physician in Vienna. 1790 - Prince Nikolaus of the Esterhazy

family died. Haydn was dismissed by the successor Prince Anton.

Sonata in B flat Major Hob XVI:41 Sonata in D Major Hob XVI:42

12 Minuets with 5 Trios Hob IX:8, 1-12

Fantasia in C Major Hob VXII:4 Variations in C Major Hob XVII:5 Adagio in F Major Hob XVII:9 Sonata in C major Hob XVI:48

Sonata in E flat major Hob XVI:49

1781 - Mozart's opera Idomeneo was a success in Munich. He was then summoned to Vienna under the employment of Archbishop Colloredo. However, Colloredo treated him as a mere servant and

their relationship was very bad. Mozart later resigned. Mozart's father was against Mozart's actions but the young composer was determined to pursue an independent career and defended his stand. He established himself as the finest keyborad player in

Vienna. 1782 - Mozart married Constanze Weber.

These years were the years of opera making for Mozart. 1786 - The Marriage of Figaro premiered successfully. 1787 - Don Giovanni

premiered with great reception. However, these was not witnessed by his father Leopold who died on the 28th of May 1787. 1787 -

Mozart obtained the chamber composer position for Emperor Joseph the 2nd, where which he was required to compose only dances. Since Austria was at war, support to music by the aristocracy was lessened.

This affected Mozart's finances.

Piano Sonata No. 10 in C major, K. 330Piano Sonata No. 11 "Turkish March" in A major, K. 331

Piano Sonata No. 12 in F major, K. 332Piano Sonata No. 13 in B-flat major, K. 333

Piano Sonata No. 14 in C minor, K. 457 Fantasy No. 1 with Fugue in C major, K. 394

Fantasy No. 2 in C minor, K. 396Fantasy No. 3 in D minor, K. 397

Fantasy No. 4 in C minor, K. 475 Piano Concerto No. 11 in F major, K. 413/387aPiano Concerto No. 12 in A major, K. 414/385pPiano Concerto No. 13 in C major, K. 415/387bPiano Concerto No. 14 in E-flat major, K. 449Piano Concerto No. 15 in B-flat major, K. 450

Piano Concerto No. 16 in D major, K. 451Piano Concerto No. 17 in G major, K. 453

Piano Concerto No. 18 in B-flat major, K. 456Piano Concerto No. 19 in F major, K. 459Piano Concerto No. 20 in D minor, K. 466Piano Concerto No. 21 in C major, K. 467

Piano Concerto No. 22 in E-flat major, K. 482 Rondo for piano and orchestra in D major, K. 382

Rondo for piano and orchestra in A major, K. 38612 Variations in C major on the French song "Ah, vous dirai-je, Maman", K. 265

Piano Sonata No. 15 in F major, K. 533/494Piano Sonata No. 16 in C major, K. 545

Piano Sonata No. 17 in B-flat major, K. 570 Piano Sonata No. 18 in D major, K. 576 Rondo

No. 1 in D major, K. 485Rondo No. 2 in F major, K. 494 Rondo No. 3 in A minor, K. 511

Adagio for Piano in B minor, K. 540Allegro and Rondo for piano in F major, K. 547a

Piano Concerto No. 23 in A major, K. 488Piano Concerto No. 24 in C minor, K. 491Piano Concerto No. 25 in C major, K. 503

Piano Concerto No. 26 in D major, "Coronation", K. 537Piano Concerto No. 27 in B-flat major, K. 595

1781 to 1784 - Beethoven began apprenticeship with Neefe, first as an unpaid assistant then later on as a paid employee of the court chapel conducted by the Kappelmeister Andrea Luchesi. 1783 - Beethoven published his 1st three piano sonatas dedicated to

Elector Maximillian Frederick saw Beethoven's talent and encouraged him to continue musical studies.

1786 - Maximilian Franz who was the successor of Maximilian Frederick brought changes to Bonn which gave more attention to

education and the arts which affected Beethoven immensely. Beethoven also became a member of the Order of the Illuminati.

1787 - Beethoven travelled to Vienna in the hopes of studying with Mozart. His mother died after two weeks, prompting Beethoven to go

home and assume responsibility for the family. However, before he went home, he had an opportunity to play for Mozart who was

delighted with Beethoven's talent.

WoO 4: Piano Concerto No. 0 in E-flat major WoO 63: Nine variations for piano on a march by Ernst Christoph

Dressler

Opus 19: Piano Concerto No. 2 in B-flat major WoO 64: Six Variations on a Swiss song for piano or harp

WoO 65: Twenty-four variations for piano on Vincenzio Righini's aria "Venni Amore"

1791 - 1795 1796 - 1800France declares war on Austria. Russia invades Poland. The French National Convention occurred. Louis XVI was guillotined. The reign

of terror began in which France was able to build an army of 1,169,000 men and killed 30,000 people.

Napoleon Bonaparte conquers Malta and outlaws slavery.

Haydn visited London during these years and was received well by the English people. On his return to Vienna, he stopped by Bonn and met Beethoven. 1793 - Mrs. Genzinger died which affected

Haydn very much.

Haydn returned to the emply of the Esterhazy family through Nikolaus the 2nd albeit in a part time basis and had spent much of his time at home instead of

living with the Esterhazy family. His health was slowly failing due to old age.

Variations in F Minor Hob XVII:6 Sonata in C Major Hob XVI:50 Sonata in D Major Hob XVI:51 Sonata in E flat Major Hov XVI:52 12 Minuets with 11 Trios Hob IX :11, 1-12 12

German Dances with Trio and Coda Hob IX:12, 1-12 Works for Musical Clock

Gott! Erhalte Franz den Kaiser (National Anthem) Hob XXVIa:43

1791 - This was a very productive year for Mozart. He composed The Magic Flute, the Piano Concerto K 595, the Aver Verum Corpus Motet and an unfinished Requiem. He died on the 5th of December

1791 at the young age of 35 due to Rheumatic fever.

1792 - Beethoven moved to Vienna on the suggestion of Haydn and with the help of the Elector, he was able to meet and study with

Haydn. 1793 - Beethoven established himself as a famous improviser for the nobility. However, he witheld his works from

being published. 1795 - Beethoven played his Piano Concerto no. 2 in his premiere performance in Vienna. Shortly after this, he

published the Three Piano Trios, Opus 1 which was dedicated to his patron, Prince Lichnowsky. It was also during this year that he

proposed to Magdalena Willmann, but was rejected.

1796 - Beethoven gave numerous concerts in Prague, Dresden, Leipzig, Berlin before returning to Vienna. 1797 - Beethoven began to lose his hearing

which disabled him from perceiving and appreciating music. 1798 - This was the start of

Beethoven's musical maturity where he wrote many works including the Pathetique sonata and various compositions. 1799 - He received instruction from Salieri and began composing the first symphony.

Opus 15: Piano Concerto No. 1 in C major WoO 6: Rondo for Piano and Orchestra in

B-flat major Opus 2: Three Piano Sonatas (1795)No. 1: Piano Sonata No. 1 in F minorNo. 2: Piano Sonata No. 2 in A major

No. 3: Piano Sonata No. 3 in C major Opus 49: Two Piano Sonatas

No. 1: Piano Sonata No. 19 in G minorNo. 2: Piano Sonata No. 20 in G major

WoO 52: Presto (Bagatelle) for piano in C minor WoO 53: Allegretto (Bagatelle) for piano in C minor Opus 129:

Rondo à Capriccio for piano in G major ("Rage over a lost penny") WoO 68:

Twelve variations for piano on the "Menuet a la Vigano" from Jakob Haibel's ballet La nozza disturbate

WoO 70: Six variations for piano on "Nel cor più non mi sento" from Giovanni Paisiello's opera La Molinara

Opus 37: Piano Concerto No. 3 in C minor Opus 7: Piano Sonata No. 4 in E-flat major ("Grand Sonata")

Opus 10: Three Piano SonatasNo. 1: Piano Sonata No. 5 in C minorNo. 2: Piano Sonata No. 6 in F majorNo. 3: Piano Sonata No. 7 in D major

Opus 13: Piano Sonata No. 8 in C minor ("Pathétique")

Opus 14: Two Piano Sonatas No. 1: Piano Sonata No. 9 in E major

No. 2: Piano Sonata No. 10 in G major Opus 22: Piano Sonata No. 11 in B-flat major Opus 39: Two Preludes through all twelve major keys for

piano Opus 51: Two Rondos for Piano (1797)

No. 1: Rondo in C majorNo. 2: Rondo in G major

1801 - 1805 1806 - 1810Napoleon is crowned Emperor of France. 1809 - The war against France was declared. The French Army sorrounds

Vienna and was later on put under the control of France.

With his very frail health, Haydn had become physically unable to compose.

The oratorio "The Creation" which is one of Haydn's works was performed for him in his honor. 1809 - Haydn died at the age of 77 while

Vienna was being attacked by the French army under Napoleon.

1801 - Beethoven fell in love with Julie Guicciardi but their class difference hindered Beethoven from pursuing her.1802 - Beethoven

moved out of Vienna and lived in the small Austrian town of Heiligenstadt to recuperate from his condition. It is here where he wrote letters to his brothers informing them of Beethoven's thought of suicide due to his growing deafness. 1803 - Beethoven became the composer of

the Theater of Vienna. The piano maker Sebastien Erard also sent Beethoven a new piano with various improvements such as extended

range and pedal mechanisms. 1804 - Beethoven had a relationship with Josephine Brunsvik who was also an aristocrat but the class difference

stopped this relationship.

Beethoven continues to write his Symphonies during this time finishing up to his 6th Symphony. Among these is the third symphony which was

supposedly dedicated to Napoleon but was later renamed Eroica. Beethoven is under the patronage of Prince Lobkowitz during this time. 1810 - The letter to Therese Malfatti, which could have been a proposal

was also hindered due to class difference.

Opus 56: Triple Concerto for violin, cello, and piano in C majorOpus 58: Piano Concerto No. 4 in G major Opus 26: Piano

Sonata No. 12 in A-flat major ("Funeral March")Opus 27: Two Piano Sonatas

No. 1: Piano Sonata No. 13 in E-flat major 'Sonata quasi una fantasia'No. 2: Piano Sonata No. 14 in C-sharp minor 'Sonata quasi una fantasia'

("Moonlight")Opus 28: Piano Sonata No. 15 in D major ("Pastoral")

Opus 31: Three Piano SonatasNo. 1: Piano Sonata No. 16 in G major

No. 2: Piano Sonata No. 17 in D minor ("Tempest")No. 3: Piano Sonata No. 18 in E-flat major ("The Hunt")

Opus 53: Piano Sonata No. 21 in C major ("Waldstein")WoO 57: Andante favori – Original middle movement of the "Waldstein"

sonataOpus 54: Piano Sonata No. 22 in F major

Opus 57: Piano Sonata No. 23 in F minor ("Appassionata") Opus 34: Six variations on a theme in F major

Opus 35: Fifteen variations and a fugue on an original theme in E-flat major ("Eroica Variations") Opus 33:

Seven BagatellesWoO 54: Lustig-Traurig (Bagatelle) for piano in C majorWoO 56: Allegretto (Bagatelle) for piano in C major

Opus 73: Piano Concerto No. 5 in E-flat major ("Emperor") Opus 78: Piano Sonata No. 24 in F-sharp major ("A Thérèse")

Opus 79: Piano Sonata No. 25 in G major Opus 81a: Piano Sonata No. 26 in E-flat major ("Les adieux/Das

Lebewohl") Opus 76: Six variations on an original theme in D major WoO 59: Poco moto (Bagatelle) in A minor, "Für Elise"

Opus 77: Piano Fantasia in G minor (1809)

1811 - 1815 1816 - 1820Revolts in Spain and Portugal were happening. The Battle of Vitoria happened where Napoleon was

defeated. Napoleon then abdicates his throne. Napoleon was defeated at Waterloo. The second

treaty of Paris was signed.

1811 - Beethoven performed his 5th Piano Concerto but failed to do it well due to his deafness. He never

performed in public after this. 1812 - Beethoven became very ill and was advised to spend time at

Teplitz. It is during this time that he wrote his letter to his "Immortal Beloved". 1813 - Beethoven went

through a difficult emotional period due to his family responsibilities which overwhelmed him and his

finances. It is also during this year, when Beethoven heard of Napoleon's defeat at Spain where he was again motivated to composed, thus producing the

8th symphony. 1815 - Beethoven's brother died, thus giving him the custody of his nephew.

1816 - Beethoven became ill again and was engaged in numerous legal battles with his brother's wife, Johanna for

the custody of Karl, his nephew. 1818 - Beethoven and Salieri recommended the use of the metronome in the

Vienesse press. Also, Karl runs away to his mother's home which prompted Beethoven to ask police to bring his

nephew back. In 1819, he lost guardianship rights of Karl due to his deafness but regained the rights back on 1820.

Hess 15: Piano Concerto No. 6 in D major Opus 90: Piano Sonata No. 27 in E minor

Opus 89: Polonaise in C major

Opus 101: Piano Sonata No. 28 in A majorOpus 106: Piano Sonata No. 29 in B-flat major

("Hammerklavier")Opus 109: Piano Sonata No. 30 in E major WoO 60: Ziemlich lebhaft (Bagatelle) for piano in B-flat

major

1821 - 1825 1826 - 1830 1831 - 1835Greek war of Independence. French forces restore Ferdinand

VII as king of Spain.Belgium adopts a

constitution.

Beethoven becomes regularly ill but still worked on the 9th symphony as well as beginning on the 10th symphony. 1823 - Beethoven named Karl as his heir. 1824 - The 8th symphony

was premiered to the public and was received well.

1826 - Karl attempts suicide by shooting

himself in the head but failed. Meanwhile, Beethoven's health

declined rapidly, prompting the need for an operation and three

other operations in 1827. Beethoven

succumbed to his illness on March 26, 1827.

Opus 110: Piano Sonata No. 31 in A-flat major Opus 111: Piano Sonata No. 32 in C minor

Opus 119: Eleven new BagatellesOpus 126: Six Bagatelles