Classical Greece

Lasting Legacies

Forms of government

Literature

Philosophers

Scientific Advances

Early Civilizations

MycenaeansLasted until circa 1200 BC

Conquered Minoans and Phoenicians

Fought Trojan WarHelen was kidnapped

Lasted about 10 years

Trojan Horse

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Greek Forms of Government

Monarchy

Aristocracy

Oligarchy

Democracy

Republic

Major Greek City-States

Sparta (800-350 BC)

Oligarchy

Slavery

Physical Dominance

Society focused on physical attributes, force, athletics

Dominant City-State

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Athens (700-400 BC)DemocracyGovernment similar to U.S.SlaverySociety focused on beauty and perfection of entire personConquered by Sparta

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Wars of Greece

Persian War (circa 490 – 479 BC)Fought between Persia and Greece (Athens/Sparta)

Marathon

Peloponnesian War (431-404 BC)Fought between Athens and Sparta

Plague kills about 1/3 to 2/3 Athens population

Sparta conquers Athens, ending Athens City-State

Greek Art and Literature

ParthenonBuilt in Athens on Acropolis

Considered one of the most perfect buildings ever built

Art and Sculpture

Art and Literature (cont.)

LiteratureHomer

Odyssey and Iliad

DramaComedy

TragedySophocles – Oedipus Trilogy

Significant Greek Individuals

Pericles (494? – 429 BC)

Athenian Statesman

Three GoalsStrengthen Athenian Democracy

Hold and Strengthen Empire

Glorify Athens

Socrates(469 – 399 BC)

Teacher, urged students to

question everything …

Socratic Method

Believed we are born with all our personality and character traits and they simply come out as we live

Teacher of Plato

Put on trial for corrupting the youth of Athens

Plato(427 – 347 BC)

Wrestler, Poet,

Teacher/Philosopher

Founded school in Athens,

The Academy

“Blank Slate” – belief opposite of Socrates

Wrote The Republic - Democracy doomed to failure due to human flaws/weaknesses

Teacher of Aristotle

Aristotle(384 – 322 BC)

Scientist, Teacher, PhysicianFirst to use Scientific Method (or something close to it)Questioned nature of world, humans, nature, etc.Worked in fields of science, physics, biology, medicine, governmentTeacher of Alexander the Great

Alexander The Great(356 – 323 BC)

King of Macedonia

Conquered Greece then moved to control everything from Greece to India by 327 BC

Ruthless and Merciless

See map in book on page 130

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Hellenistic Culture

Blending of Greek culture with Egyptian, Persian, and Indian cultures

Hellenistic Advances

•Aristarchus – Sun is center of our universe

•Eratosthenes – Size of the Earth

•Euclid – Geometry

•Archimedes – Value of Pi

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