Classical GreeceClassical Greece

- Classical Athens 500-430 BCE- Classical Athens 500-430 BCE- Alexander’s Empire 338-100 BCE- Alexander’s Empire 338-100 BCE (Hellenistic Period) (Hellenistic Period)

Greece: Classical AthensGreece: Classical Athens 500-430 BCE 500-430 BCE

Greek CivilizationGreek Civilization1750 BCE – 133 BCE1750 BCE – 133 BCE

Early Minoan civilization Early Minoan civilization – the forerunner for – the forerunner for Greece - began on the Greece - began on the island of Crete, around island of Crete, around 1700 BC. Evidence 1700 BC. Evidence shows extensive trade shows extensive trade and a very advanced and a very advanced culture, which was culture, which was exported to mainland exported to mainland Greece at Mycenaea.Greece at Mycenaea.

Mycenaea

Click here for online information about Mycenaean culture.

How did the geography of Greece present obstacles to a unified Greek country?

Minoan CivilizationMinoan Civilization Minoan Civilization was one of the earliest Minoan Civilization was one of the earliest

examples of what has come to be called Greek examples of what has come to be called Greek civilization.civilization.

Minoans were trading at the same time as the Minoans were trading at the same time as the Phoenicians, Egyptians and Babylonians.Phoenicians, Egyptians and Babylonians.

The Minoan Civilization may have been the foundation for the story of Atlantis.

The Palace at Knossos. Click here for more pictures of the palace.Click here for more about th

e Minoans.

Minoan CivilizationMinoan Civilization

Minoan CivilizationMinoan Civilization

'Prince with the Lilies' or 'Priest King' Fresco (Knossos,

Bull Vaulting Fresco

MycenaeansMycenaeans1600 BC – 1200 BC1600 BC – 1200 BC

Sea traders – beyond Aegean to Sicily, Italy, Egypt and Sea traders – beyond Aegean to Sicily, Italy, Egypt and Mesopotamia.Mesopotamia.

Warriors, living in several city states.Warriors, living in several city states. The Mycenaean city state became the mainland Greek The Mycenaean city state became the mainland Greek

civilization.civilization. Best known for Trojan War. Best known for Trojan War.

Click here and on the Click here and on the pictures for more information about Mycenaeans and for more information about Mycenaeans and the Trojan War.the Trojan War.

Athens and Sparta((Click above for a web chart comparison of Athens and Sparta.Click above for a web chart comparison of Athens and Sparta.

Use this website to complete the chart on the next slide.)Use this website to complete the chart on the next slide.)

1200 – 1 BCE1200 – 1 BCE

Greece itself was made up of separate Greece itself was made up of separate

city-states,city-states, which were constantly at war. which were constantly at war. Define city-stateDefine city-state City-state definition: Political unit made up City-state definition: Political unit made up

of a city and the surrounding lands.of a city and the surrounding lands. Two major city-states: Athens and Sparta.Two major city-states: Athens and Sparta. Create a chart on your own paper like the Create a chart on your own paper like the

one which follows.one which follows.

AthensAthens Government:Government:

Soldiers and the Military: Soldiers and the Military:

Slaves: Slaves:

Women: Women:

Education:Education:

SpartaSparta Government:Government:

Soldiers and the Military: Soldiers and the Military:

Slaves: Slaves:

Women: Women:

Education:Education:

Persian WarsPersian Wars490 – 479 BCE490 – 479 BCE

The Greek city-states did not unite until The Greek city-states did not unite until faced with a common enemy:faced with a common enemy: Persia

Delian LeagueDelian League

By 479 BC, the Greeks had defeated the By 479 BC, the Greeks had defeated the Persians on land in Asia Minor and stopped Persians on land in Asia Minor and stopped their advance.their advance.

Athens emerged from the war as the most Athens emerged from the war as the most powerful city-state in Greece.powerful city-state in Greece.

To continue the struggle against Persia, it To continue the struggle against Persia, it organized the Delian League, an alliance organized the Delian League, an alliance with the other Greek city states.with the other Greek city states.

Athens dominated the Delian League and Athens dominated the Delian League and used its wealth to create an Athenian used its wealth to create an Athenian empire.empire.

Athens – – The City Pericles BuiltThe City Pericles Built

Leader: PericlesLeader: Pericles Direct Democracy – Citizen assembly Direct Democracy – Citizen assembly

voted directly on lawsvoted directly on laws Huge construction projects – Huge construction projects –

Acropolis and Parthenon rebuiltAcropolis and Parthenon rebuilt Emphasis on arts, architecture, Emphasis on arts, architecture,

philosophy and medicinephilosophy and medicine

Democracy of AthensDemocracy of Athens

Healing in Ancient GreeceHealing in Ancient Greece

HippocratesHippocrates

Lived in about 460 B.C.Lived in about 460 B.C. Most historians believed that he wrote between Most historians believed that he wrote between

60 and 70 medical studies.60 and 70 medical studies. Taught that disease come from natural causesTaught that disease come from natural causes “…“…rest, fresh air, and a proper diet made the rest, fresh air, and a proper diet made the

best cures…”best cures…” Medical treatments should be based on reason Medical treatments should be based on reason

rather than magicrather than magic

HippocratesHippocrates Hippocrates is generally credited with

turning away from divine notions of medicine and using observation of the body as a basis for medical knowledge.

Prayers and sacrifices to the gods did not hold a central place in his theories, but changes in diet, beneficial drugs, and keeping the body "in balance" were the key.

Central to his physiology and ideas on illness was the humoral theory of health, whereby the four bodily fluids, or humors, of blood, phlegm, yellow bile, and black bile needed to be kept in balance.

Illness was caused when these fluids became out of balance, sometimes requiring the reduction in the body of a humor through bloodletting or purging.

Hippocratic OathHippocratic Oath The Hippocratic OathThe Hippocratic Oath (OrkoV) is perhaps the most widely (OrkoV) is perhaps the most widely

known of Greek medical texts. It requires a new physician known of Greek medical texts. It requires a new physician to swear upon a number of healing gods that he will uphold to swear upon a number of healing gods that he will uphold a number of professional ethical standards. One of the best a number of professional ethical standards. One of the best known prohibitions is, "to do no harm" known prohibitions is, "to do no harm"

““I will use those dietary regimens which will benefit my I will use those dietary regimens which will benefit my patients according to my greatest ability and judgment, and patients according to my greatest ability and judgment, and I will do no harm or injustice to them. “I will do no harm or injustice to them. “

““I will not give a lethal drug to anyone if I am asked, nor will I will not give a lethal drug to anyone if I am asked, nor will I advise such a plan; and similarly I will not give a woman a I advise such a plan; and similarly I will not give a woman a pessary (stone) to cause an abortion.” pessary (stone) to cause an abortion.”

““Whatever I see or hear in the lives of my patients, whether Whatever I see or hear in the lives of my patients, whether in connection with my professional practice or not, which in connection with my professional practice or not, which ought not to be spoken of outside, I will keep secret, as ought not to be spoken of outside, I will keep secret, as considering all such things to be private.”considering all such things to be private.”

Athens – Athens – Conquered by SpartaConquered by Sparta

In 404 BC, Sparta attacked and conquered the fading Athenian empire in what came to be know as the Peloponnesian War. For the next century, fighting continued to dominate the Greek city-states. By 359 BC, the Macedonians from the north, under the leadership of Philip II invaded and conquered all of Greece.

GovernmentGovernment Direct democracy; citizens rule by Direct democracy; citizens rule by majority votemajority vote Written code of lawsWritten code of laws Citizens bring charges of wrongdoing;Citizens bring charges of wrongdoing; trail by jury trail by jury Expansion of citizenship to all free adultExpansion of citizenship to all free adult males, except foreigners males, except foreigners

ArtsArts Drama and poetryDrama and poetry Sculpture portraying ideals of Sculpture portraying ideals of beautybeauty Painted pottery showingPainted pottery showing scenes of Greek life scenes of Greek life Classical ArchitectureClassical Architecture

The Legacy of Greece

The Greek Legacy Continued

CultureCulture

Greek LanguageGreek Language Mythology about gods and goddessesMythology about gods and goddesses Olympic GamesOlympic Games Philosophers search for truthPhilosophers search for truth

Science and TechnologyScience and Technology Disagreement whether sun or earth Disagreement whether sun or earth was the center of the universewas the center of the universe Accurate estimate of the Accurate estimate of the circumference of earthcircumference of earth Euclid’s Geometry text bookEuclid’s Geometry text book Development of lever, pulley, pumpDevelopment of lever, pulley, pump

Athenian and United States Athenian and United States DemocracyDemocracy

Both DemocraciesBoth DemocraciesPolitical power Political power exercised by citizensexercised by citizensThree branches of Three branches of governmentgovernmentLegislative branch Legislative branch passes lawspasses lawsExecutive branch Executive branch carries out lawscarries out lawsJudicial branch Judicial branch conducts trials with conducts trials with paidpaid jurors jurors

Athenian Athenian DemocracyDemocracyCitizens: male; 18 Citizens: male; 18 years old; born of years old; born of citizen parentscitizen parentsLaws voted on and Laws voted on and proposed directly by proposed directly by assembly of all assembly of all citizenscitizensLeaders chosen by Leaders chosen by lotlotExecutive branch Executive branch composed of a composed of a council of 500 mencouncil of 500 menJuries varied in sizeJuries varied in sizeNo attorneys; no No attorneys; no appeals; one-day appeals; one-day trialstrials

United States United States DemocracyDemocracyCitizens: born in United Citizens: born in United States or completed States or completed citizenship processcitizenship processRepresentatives elected Representatives elected to propose and vote on to propose and vote on lawslawsElected presidentElected presidentExecutive branch made Executive branch made up of elected and up of elected and appointed officialsappointed officialsJuries composed of 12 Juries composed of 12 jurorsjurorsDefendants and plaintiffs Defendants and plaintiffs have attorneys; long have attorneys; long appeals processappeals process

Alexander’s Empire: Alexander’s Empire: Hellenistic PeriodHellenistic Period

338-100 BCE 338-100 BCE

The World of Alexander the Great The World of Alexander the Great 359 BC – 323 BC359 BC – 323 BC

Philip of Macedonia

Philip conquered Greece in 359 BC

His next conquest was to be the Persian empire.

The Macedonian army was the most superbly trained in the world. It made use of the phalanx

configuration.

Philip was assassinated before he could attack and conquer Persia.

His son, Alexander (20)– took the throne.

Over the course of the next eleven years, Over the course of the next eleven years, Alexander proceeded to conquer the entire Alexander proceeded to conquer the entire Persian empire. Persian empire.

When Darius surrendered, Alexander took over When Darius surrendered, Alexander took over all of his realm and his possessions.all of his realm and his possessions.

Alexander even married Darius daughter!Alexander even married Darius daughter!

AlexanderAlexander

Write a short paragraph in which you compare and contrast the extent of Alexander’s Empire as opposed to the Persian Empire

Upon the death of Alexander the Great in 323 BC, his empire began to divide and dissolve. However, Alexander left behind a legacy of Greek thought, language and custom that survives in part today.

The Legacy of AlexanderThe Legacy of Alexander

Local cultures assimilated Greek ideas and language. They became Hellenic – or “Greek like” The Hellenistic Age is the age of world wide Greek culture after Alexander.

Left behind the idea that all people are morally equal. Aided in the spread of Christianity.

Encouraged the work of scholars. Built libraries all over the empire – especially at Alexandria, Egypt. Emphasized mathematics, medicine, science and philosophy.