Classical conditioningVideo clipshttp://www.psychexchange.co.uk/videos/view/20609/ 2 and a half men cliphttp://www.youtube.com/watch?v=JA96Fba-WHk Big Bang theory clip positive reinforcement

http://www.psychexchange.co.uk/_hotpotatoes/8102644451233992961.htm pavlov clozehttp://www.psychexchange.co.uk/videos/view/20088/ recreation of Pavlovs dogs

http://www.psychexchange.co.uk/videos/view/20445/ boy and bbgunhttp://www.psychexchange.co.uk/videos/view/20218/ basic CChttp://www.psychexchange.co.uk/videos/view/20132/ John Watson Little Alberthttp://www.psychexchange.co.uk/_hotpotatoes/5408354791237315696.htm match quiz Pavlov

Atypical Behaviour Core TheoryThe Behaviourist TheoryWhat was the weirdest phobia you could find?

BATsOutline the behaviourist theory of phobias (D+) Explain how classical and operant conditioning can start and maintain a phobia (B+)Homework 1. Describe Classical Conditioning in relation to a phobia of your choice. (5 marks)2. Explain how the idea of Operant Conditioning can explain why the phobia continues and isnt extinguished. (3 marks)

The Behaviourist TheoryBehaviourists are Psychologists who believe that behaviours are LEARNED not NATURAL.They believe we learn to be PHOBIC.Many people can link their phobia to a bad experienceChildren often have similar phobias to parents

Classical ConditioningLearning by Association people learn to associate a particular response with a particular stimulus.e.g. When asked a question (stimulus) in class you have learnt to automatically put your hand up (response)

Classical Conditioning Behaviourists accept that some behaviours are not learnt, but INSTINCTIVE e.g. responses like vomiting, sexual arousal and anxietyThey called these UNCONDITIONED RESPONSES (UCR)These responses are triggered by UNCONDITIONED STIMULI (UCS)

Objects and events that naturally cause the reaction e.g. poison, stimulating genitals and a threat

Classical ConditioningBUT sometimes these responses happen because of a NEUTRAL STIMULUS (NS) one that normally doesnt cause a reaction.e.g. NS = burger. You may once have been sick after eating one. you then ASSOCIATE the burger(NS) with the response (vomiting)Next time you have a burger it makes you feel sick!! You have been Classically Conditioned

Classical ConditioningThe Neutral Stimulus (e.g. burger)is now known as aCONDITIONED STIMULUS (CS) because it triggers a learnt responseThe response itself doesnt change (i.e. vomiting), but as it is a response to a CSIt is now known as a CONDITIONED RESPONSE (CR)http://www.psychexchange.co.uk/videos/view/20445/ boy and bbgun see also African Land snails

Over to you Do activities 5.4 and 5.5 p66-67 use the worksheet.http://www.psychexchange.co.uk/videos/view/20088/ recreation of Pavlovs dogsCopy diagrams on p67 to illustrate Pavlovs experimentEXTENSION Activity 5.6 p67What does Stimulus Generalisation mean?

Breaktime!

UCSUCRNSCSCRFOODSALIVATIONBELLBELLSALIVATIONClassical Conditioning Pavlovs Experiment

How can Classical Conditioning be used to explain the start of Phobias?Phobias are the result of a negative experience with a feared object, context or activityFear is the Unconditioned Response (UR)Feared object, action e.t.c is the USA NS can be associated with the feared action/object e.t.cHere is an example see p68

UCS (sting)UCRFEARNS (bee)CS(bee)Apiphobia a fear of bees+CRFEARassociationThis can happen after one bad experience ONE TRIAL LEARNING

How can Classical Conditioning be used to explain how Phobias continue?Stimulus generalisation associate CR with stimuli similar to the original stimulus (e.g. apiphobics may also fear wasps)Extinction associations between stimulus and response gradually disappear but why dont people stop being phobic if they have not encountered the stimulus that causes their phobia for a while?

How can Classical Conditioning be used to explain how Phobias continue?3. Operant Conditioning learning by consequences.If consequence of an action is rewarding we learn to do it again (positive reinforcement)If the consequence is negative we do not repeat the action (negative reinforcement - punishment)

How can Classical Conditioning be used to explain how Phobias continue?3. Operant Conditioning ..A phobia is also about avoiding the object or situation (Stimulus)Avoidance feel relieved REWARDING keep avoiding the stimulus to get more reliefFacing fear (e.g. bee) ANXIETY PUNISHING dont want to face fear againhttp://www.youtube.com/watch?v=JA96Fba-WHk Big Bang theory clip positive reinforcement

Behaviourist theory of phobiasAll behaviours, including phobias, are learnt.In other words, phobias are conditioned.Phobias start because of classical conditioning.Phobias are maintained (kept going) by operant conditioning.

Over to you Copy the definition of Operant conditioning into your Glossary, plus extinction, stimulus generalisation and one trial learningCreate a Classical Conditioning diagram like the one on p68 for a phobia other than ApiphobiaExtension Storyboard or role play a situation when a phobia might ne started and maintained using the ideas of CC and Operant Conditioning

Homework1. Describe Classical Conditioning in relation to a phobia of your choice. (5 marks)2. Explain how the idea of Operant Conditioning can explain why the phobia continues and isnt extinguished. (3 marks)