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Dr. Sasmita Mishra

KSOM, KIIT University

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Hypothesis is the tentative guess about theoutcome of the result.

A hypothesis is an intelligent or educated guessor proposition, which can be put to test to

determine its validity.

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A useful hypothesis is a testable statementwhich may include a prediction.

A hypotheses should not be confused with atheory. Theories are general explanationsbased on a large amount of data.

For example, the theory of evolution appliesto all living things and is based on wide rangeof observations. However, there are many

things about evolution that are not fullyunderstood such as gaps in the fossil record.Many hypotheses have been proposed andtested.

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In simple, declarative statement form

Measurable and quantifiable

Is essentially a conjectural statement

Has underlying assumptions on the testing ofthe stated relationships

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A researcher formulates hypothesis when He finds gaps in knowledge

The existing body of theories, laws and facts fails to

explain the social reality and

When competing findings are to be settled, and newfacts have been assimilated to the existing body of

theories, laws and facts.

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lack of knowledge of the problem under study,

absence of knowledge about theoretical framework, laws

and facts,

lack of ability to utilize the theoretical framework and

existing body of knowledge logically, and the failure to be acquainted with the available research

technique, tools and their limitations so as to phase the

hypothesis property.

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It delimits the scope of inquiry. It reduces the theoretical and empirical complexities by

confining the study to the variables and constructs

incorporated in the hypothesis.

Guide the researcher to collect relevant data incorporated

in variables and constructs of hypothesis. Testing hypothesis, adds to the advancement of

knowledgeby filling gaps, adding new propositions to

theories, modifying earlier theories, settling controversies,

replacing earlier findings, etc.

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Theory

Personal peculiar experience

Analogies

Internalization of the Exterior

Applying rules of Thumbs Observation of cultural values and behavior

Observation of cross-cultural value and behavior

Adopting the principle of thinking hat method

Adopting different routes to reply the same researchquestion

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Six distinct states are identified and assigned acolor:

Information: (White) - considering purely whatinformation is available, what are the facts?

Emotions (Red) - instinctive gut reaction orstatements of emotional feeling (but not anyjustification)

Bad points judgment (Black) - logic applied toidentifying flaws or barriers, seeking mismatch

Good points judgment (Yellow) - logic applied toidentifying benefits, seeking harmony

Creativity (Green) - statements of provocationand investigation, seeing where a thought goes

Thinking (Blue) - thinking about thinking

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Descriptive hypotheses

Ex: the educational system is not oriented to human resourceneed of a country

Relational hypotheses

Ex: families with higher incomes spend more for recreation.

Causal hypotheses Ex: implementation of new machinery would lead to

increased productivity

Working hypotheses

Null hypotheses

Statistical hypotheses

Common sense hypotheses

Ex: shop-assistants in small shops lack motivation

Complex hypotheses

Analytical hypotheses

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HO: As a result of the XYZ company employee trainingprogram, there will either be no significant difference inemployee absenteeism or there will be a significantincrease.

HA: As a result of the XYZ company employee trainingprogram, there will be a significant decrease in employeeabsenteeism.

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