Clad oct09 pquinn (nx_power_lite)

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Peatscapes: Monitoring of Hydrology and Water Quality at Geltsdale and Priorsdale Report of Phase 1: Nov 2007 – Mar 2009 Dr Jennine Jonczyk, Dr Mark Wilkinson, Dr David Rimmer and Dr Paul Quinn
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Transcript of Clad oct09 pquinn (nx_power_lite)

Page 1: Clad oct09 pquinn (nx_power_lite)

Peatscapes: Monitoring of Hydrology and Water Quality at Geltsdale and Priorsdale

Report of Phase 1: Nov 2007 – Mar 2009

Dr Jennine Jonczyk, Dr Mark Wilkinson, Dr David Rimmer and Dr Paul Quinn

Page 2: Clad oct09 pquinn (nx_power_lite)

Some of the features in the catchment

Upper Belford Burn

R2 R3 BEL

1.35km 1.15km 1.85km

“Pilot pond”Features 1 to 3

R1

PILOT POND

Overland flow following gradient of slope

STREAM

SPILL

Belford Burn

Woodland

Diversion structure

Overflow

Leakage

Roughly 200m

R1 stream gauge

Pilot pond stream gauge

Leaky wooden barrier

Page 3: Clad oct09 pquinn (nx_power_lite)

Some of the features in the catchment

Upper Belford Burn

R2 R3 BEL

1.35km 1.15km 1.85km

“Pilot pond”Features 1 to 3

R1

Page 4: Clad oct09 pquinn (nx_power_lite)

Some of the features in the catchment

Upper Belford Burn

R2 R3 BEL

1.35km 1.15km 1.85km

“Pilot pond”Features 1 to 3

R1

Page 5: Clad oct09 pquinn (nx_power_lite)

…but that was last week!

Lower Lady’s well feature

Page 6: Clad oct09 pquinn (nx_power_lite)

Outline

1.Questions to answer

2.Hydrology

3.WQ

4.Peatscapes II

Page 7: Clad oct09 pquinn (nx_power_lite)

Questions to answer

How does grip blocking effect :-

1. Water table 2. Water colour (& Dissolved Organic Carbon; DOC)3. Suspended sediment

HOW are we investigating this?

1. (Water table) using pressure transducers in the peat

2. (Colour) grab samples taken from grips and downstream pts and measuring DOC and absorbance in lab.

3. (SS) Filtering grab sample

Page 8: Clad oct09 pquinn (nx_power_lite)

Working Hypothesis

ARE grips like open drainage ditches?

What happens when it rains?

Q

WT

Page 9: Clad oct09 pquinn (nx_power_lite)

Generic

experimental

Lay-out

Blocked Grip

Unblocked Grip

Unblocked Grip

Blocked Grip

Dip-wells with pressure transducers upslope and downslope of grips Dip-wells at mid-point between grips Water quality sample from grips.

Page 10: Clad oct09 pquinn (nx_power_lite)

Geltsdale Hydrology: Grips

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Grip 1 Grip 2 (Blocked) rainfall

Page 11: Clad oct09 pquinn (nx_power_lite)

Geltsdale Hydrology: Water table

-250

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-50

0

25/09/200700:00

14/11/200700:00

03/01/200800:00

22/02/200800:00

12/04/200800:00

01/06/200800:00

21/07/200800:00

09/09/200800:00

Dep

th o

f w

ater

tab

le f

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su

rfac

e (c

ms)

Downslope of grip1 Upslope of grip 1 Downslope of grip 2 Upslope of grip 2

Page 12: Clad oct09 pquinn (nx_power_lite)

-5

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Grip w

ate

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vel (

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Te

mp

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ture

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grip 3 grip 2 (blocked) Temp - 850mAoD (°C)

E.g. Data anomalies

Page 13: Clad oct09 pquinn (nx_power_lite)

Geltsdale Hydrology:- Response in grips in May 2008

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in r

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fall

(mm

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Grip 1 Grip 2 (Blocked) rainfall

Page 14: Clad oct09 pquinn (nx_power_lite)

Geltsdale Hydrology: Water table response in May 2009

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02/05/2008 00:00 07/05/2008 00:00 12/05/2008 00:00 17/05/2008 00:00 22/05/2008 00:00 27/05/2008 00:00 01/06/2008 00:00

De

pth

of

wa

ter

tab

le f

rom

su

rfa

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(c

ms

)

Downslope of grip 1 Upslope of grip 1 Downslope of grip 2 Upslope of grip 2

Page 15: Clad oct09 pquinn (nx_power_lite)

Geltsdale Hydrology: Response in grips during Sept 2008

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-min

Ra

infa

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Grip 1 Grip 2 (Blocked) Rainfall

Page 16: Clad oct09 pquinn (nx_power_lite)

Geltsdale Hydrology:- response in water table during Sept 08 storm

-80

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0

30/08/200800:00

01/09/200800:00

03/09/200800:00

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09/09/200800:00

11/09/200800:00

13/09/200800:00

Dep

th o

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ate

r ta

ble

fro

m s

urf

ace (

cm

s)

Downslope of grip 1 Upslope of grip 1 Downslope of grip 2 Upslope of grip 2

Page 17: Clad oct09 pquinn (nx_power_lite)

Observations in unblocked grips

No response in water table position - no matter where they areFlashy spiky flow in grips.

Page 18: Clad oct09 pquinn (nx_power_lite)

Observations in blocked grip

Nice and smooth – less spiky and less flashy response in gripWater table position is again not responding to flow

Page 19: Clad oct09 pquinn (nx_power_lite)

Working Hypothesis

• Grips and Pipes are ‘off’ even though there may be a water table present

• Small additions of percolating rain – connect all the pipes and grip together

• What comes in goes out

• When rain stops, flow stops and pipes empty

WT

pipes

grip

Active flow paths in the acrotelm (top) layer

Page 20: Clad oct09 pquinn (nx_power_lite)

Water Quality

Page 21: Clad oct09 pquinn (nx_power_lite)

Colour

• Water colour is caused by the presence of dissolved organic compounds – predominantly humic and fulvic acids, which are the products of decomposition from organic soils. 

• Current EU Drinking water standard for Water colour is :- 20 Hazen

• Colour of River Tees is: 60-120 Hazen

Page 22: Clad oct09 pquinn (nx_power_lite)

Colour

Colour (Hazen) Pre-blocking

Unblocked

Blocked

All Grips

23/11/2007 165 147 156bc 15/01/2008 105 164 135bc

07/02/2008 48 51 50de 25/03/2008 34 35 35e 01/05/2008 34 118 76cde 05/06/2008 185 216 200ab 01/07/2008 269 244 257a 02/10/2008 146 149 148bcd 13/11/2008 168 125 146bc 27/02/2009 97 139 118bcde 25/03/2009 109 95 102cde

Mean since blocking 121 122 122

Colour (Hazen)

Blocked

Unblocked

All grips

27/11/2007 77.0 77.4 77.2abc 15/01/2008 39.0 41.7 40.4bc 07/02/2008 10.9 20.7 15.8c 25/03/2008 frozen * * 06/06/2008 218.5 83.8 151.2a 01/07/2008 154.4 117.7 136.1ab 27/02/2009 123.5 57.0 90.3abc 25/03/2009 62.5 29.0 45.8bc Mean 98.0 61.1 79.5

Geltsdale

Priorsdale

Page 23: Clad oct09 pquinn (nx_power_lite)

DOC

• Dissolved Organic carbon is derived from organic matter and has a strong correlation with WATER COLOUR.

•DOC is an important component of the carbon cycle in streams and a primary food source.

•Evidence for upward trend in DOC concentrations related to atmospheric deposition changes. (Worrall et al, 2004; Evans et al, 2006)

Page 24: Clad oct09 pquinn (nx_power_lite)

DOC

DOC (mg/l) Pre-blocking

Unblocked

Blocked

All grips

23/11/2007 35.1 32.9 34.0bc 15/01/2008 24.0 25.3 24.6cde

Post-blocking 07/02/2008 17.8 18.0 17.9e 25/03/2008 15.6 17.3 16.5e 01/05/2008 15.6 27.7 21.7de 05/06/2008 38.0 42.2 40.1ab 01/07/2008 51.1 46.8 49.0a 02/10/2008 32.4 32.7 32.5bc 13/11/2008 36.6 29.3 33.0bc 27/02/2009 24.3 31.5 27.9cd 25/03/2009 26.5 24.2 25.4cde

Mean since blocking 28.7 30.0 29.3

DOC (mg/l)

Blocked

Unblocked

All grips

27/11/2007 21.6 21.8 21.7ab 15/01/2008 15.6 16.2 15.9ab 07/02/2008 12.4 13.2 12.8b 25/03/2008 06/06/2008 43.8 22.8 33.3a 01/07/2008 26.0 21.8 23.9ab 27/02/2009 29.0 18.5 23.8ab 25/03/2009 20.0 14.5 17.3b Mean 24.1 18.4 21.2

Geltsdale

Priorsdale

Page 25: Clad oct09 pquinn (nx_power_lite)

E4/E6 ratio

• Ratio of humic acid(E4) and fulvic acid(E6)

• Used to represent the degree of humification in peatHumification is decomposition of vegetation…..

• Ratio below 5 classified as humic above 5 classified as fulvic

Page 26: Clad oct09 pquinn (nx_power_lite)

E4/E6 ratio E4/E6 Pre-blocking

Unblocked

Blocked

All grips

23/11/2007 8.90 3.60 6.25 15/01/2008 4.88 3.76 4.32

Post-blocking 0.00 07/02/2008 9.08 10.38 9.73 25/03/2008 3.83 7.25 5.54 01/05/2008 3.83 58.00 30.92 05/06/2008 9.54 10.40 9.97 01/07/2008 13.09 15.06 14.07 02/10/2008 6.02 6.70 6.36 13/11/2008 3.29 3.03 3.16 27/02/2009 16.50 10.45 13.47 25/03/2009 7.88 2.10 4.99

Mean since blocking 8.12 13.97 10.73

E4:E6

Blocked

Unblocked

All grips

27/11/2007 13.5 9.7 11.6a 15/01/2008 11.0 2.1 6.6ab 07/02/2008 10.0 7.9 8.9ab 25/03/2008 06/06/2008 5.4 7.0 6.2ab 01/07/2008 2.4 2.1 2.3b 27/02/2009 6.2 10.0 8.1ab 25/03/2009 4.1 5.5 4.8b Mean 7.5 6.3 6.9

Geltsdale

Priorsdale

Page 27: Clad oct09 pquinn (nx_power_lite)

Suspended Sediment

• Some studies on IMPACTS of suspended sediments from peatlands (Holden 2005, 2006; Rothwell et al 2005; Yeloff et al 2005; White et al 1996; Stewart 1963 )

• Little data on erosion rates or supply to main channels(Holden 2007)

• Ranges of SS from Holden 2007 at peak discharge were Undisturbed catchment (1) - 2.5 mg/lGrips (3) - 25-14 mg/lBlocked grips (2) - 0.2- 0.14 mg/l

Page 28: Clad oct09 pquinn (nx_power_lite)

SS (mg/l)

Blocked

Unblocked

All grips

Bottom slope

27/11/2007 6.5 77 41.75 1.00 15/01/2008 11.5 3 7.25 5.00 07/02/2008 6 5.5 5.75 14.00 25/03/2008 06/06/2008 01/07/2008 27/02/2009 25/03/2009 8 63.5 35.75 1.00

Mean 8 37.25 22.625 5.25

SS (mg/l)Pre-blocking Unblocked Blocked All grips Bridge

23/11/200715/01/2008 2.0 11.0 6.5 9

Post-blocking07/02/2008 23.5 17.5 20.5 725/03/2008 12.0 27.0 19.5 301/05/200805/06/200801/07/200802/10/2008 9.0 1.0 5.0 413/11/2008 3.0 14.5 8.8 127/02/200925/03/2009 4.0 1.0 2.5 2

Mean since blocking 10.3 10.2 10.2 3

Geltsdale

Priorsdale

Suspended sediments

Page 29: Clad oct09 pquinn (nx_power_lite)

Peatscapes II

• Moving pressure transducers closer to the grip edge to see if there are any edge effects from unblocked grips

• Mapping all observation sites to look at the effect of surface topography on the recorded depth to the water table

• Putting pressure transducers in the shallow acrotelm layer to study the activity of runoff within the layer. The layer could be producing a temporary perched water table and the instruments will pick this up.

• In Priorsdale we could move the flow gauge from one unblocked grip to the other to see if it has higher flow rates.

WT

Pipes in the catotelm layer

grip

Active flow paths in the acrotelm layer

New hydrological hypothesis

Page 30: Clad oct09 pquinn (nx_power_lite)

SummaryHydrology

• Unblocked grips respond rapidly to rainfall• RO smoothed in blocked grips• Some attenuation from blocked grip area and buffered by interaction with acrotelm area but still HIGH RO to main channels• New hypothesis- ON/OFF switch

WQ• No clear effect of blocking on colour and DOC at either site YET• Increase of colour and DOC in blocked (like Worrall et al , 2007 and Dodd, 2008)•Seasonality

Peatscapes II• Moving some instrumentation to test new hypothesis