Ckvemw - WordPress.com · Øm\w CXpXs¶. F-¶m´, CkvemwaXw Cu s]mXp Xﬂz-ﬂn-¶-]-hm-Z-at{X....

$: Ckvemw - WordPress.com · Øm\w CXpXs¶. F-¶m´, CkvemwaXw Cu s]mXp Xflz-fln-¶-]-hm-Z-at{X. "Ckvemw’ F¶ t]À Hcp {]tXyI hyàn-bn´\nt¶m kap-Zm-b-fln´\nt¶m DZv‘-hn-¤-Xˆ.$
Ckvemw

A_p¬-A-Avem auZqZn

hnh¿Ø\w:

hn.-]n. apl-Ω-Zen

`mjm-]-cn-jvI-cWw:

s]m^. sI.-]n. Iam-ep-±o≥

Ckvem-anIv ]ªn-jnwKv lukvtImgn-t°mSv, Xncp-h-\-¥-]p-cw, Fd-Wm-Ipfw, Xriq¿, IÆq¿

4

Ckvemw

]kvXmh\

Ccp-]Xmw \q‰m-≠nse ]apJ ]WvUn-X\pw Ckvem-anI \thm-∞m-

\-\m-b-I-\p-amWv A_p¬-A-Avem auZq-Zn. hnip≤ Jp¿B≥ ]cn-

`m-j-b-S°w \qdn-tesd I\-s∏´ IrXn-I-fpsS I¿Ømhp IqSn-bm-W-

t±lw. Ad-_n, Cw•o-jv, ^©v Dƒs∏sS temI-Ønse ]e `mj-

I-fn-te°pw At±-l-Øns‚ cN-\-Iƒ CXn-\Iw hnh¿Ø\w sNø-

s∏-´n-´p-≠v.

auZqZn kmln-_ns‚ "Ckvemw aXw' F∂ KŸ-Øns‚ BZy-

`m-K-am-Wn-Xv. Fgp-]-Xn¬]cw mj-I-fn-te°v hnh¿Ø\w sNø-s∏´

Cu IrXn, Ckvem-anI Z¿i-\sØ ]am-W-ß-fp-sSbpw bp‡n-hn-

Nm-c-Øn-s‚bpw anI-thmsS hni-I-e\w sNøp-∂p.

Ckvemw F¥v? AXns‚ e£y-sa¥v? Ckvem-anI BZ¿i-hn-

izm-k-ßƒ°v a\p-jy-Po-hn-X-hp-am-bp≈ _‘-sa¥v? Ckvemw kzoI-

cn-°p-∂-Xp-sIm-≠p≈ t\´hpw kzoI-cn-°m-Xn-cn-°p-∂-Xp-sIm-≠p≈

\jvS-hp-sa¥v? AXv ka¿∏n-°p∂ BZ¿i-kn-≤m-¥-ßƒ°v bp‡n-

-Z-amb h√ km£y-hp-apt≠m? XpSßn Hc-t\z-jn-bpsS a\- n¬

Db¿∂p-h-t∂-°m-hp∂ Hcp Iq´w kwi-b-ßƒ°v DØcw \¬Ip∂p

Cu IrXn.

Ckvem-anI Z¿i-\sØ ]Tn-°m-\m-K-ln-°p-∂-h¿°v Cu IrXn

sh-fn®w \¬Ip-sa∂p ]Xo-£n-°p-∂p. CXns‚ Cw•ojv ]Xn-∏n\v

s]m^. Jp¿inZv AlvaZv Xøm-dm-°nb ]T-\m¿l-amb ASn-°p-dn-

∏p-Iƒ Cu ]Xn-∏n¬ Dƒs∏-Sp-Øn-bn- p-≠v.

˛ ]km-[-I¿-

5

Ckvemw

D≈-S°w

1. Ckvemw

"Ckveman's‚ A¿Yw

Ckvem-ans‚ bmYm¿Yyw

ssZh-\n-tj-[Øns‚ bmYm¿Yyw

\ntj-[Øns‚ sISp-Xn-Iƒ.

Ckvem-ans‚ kZv^-e-ßƒ.

2. hnizm-khpw A\p-k-c-Whpw

"hnizmk'Øns‚ A¿Yw

⁄m\e_v[nbpsS am¿Kßƒ

AZr-iy-Im-cy-ß-fn-ep≈ hnizmkw

3. ]hm-N-IXzw

]hm-N-I-Xz-Øns‚ bmYm¿Yyw

]hm-N-Is\ Fßs\ Xncn-®-dn-bmw?

]hm-N-Is\ A\p-k-cn-°¬

]hm-N-I-\n¬ hniz-kn-°p∂-sX-¥n\v?

]hm-N-I-Xzw˛ kw£n]vX NcnXw

apl-ΩZv \_n-bpsS ]hm-N-IXzw

apl-Ω-Zv -\-_n-bpsS ]hm-N-I-Xzw˛ sXfn-hp-Iƒ

]hm-N-IXz ]cnkam]vXn˛ sXfn-hp-Iƒ.

6

Ckvemw

4. hnizmk Imcy-ßƒ

ssZh-Øn-ep≈ hnizmkw

hnip≤ hmIy-Øns‚ A¿Yw

hnip≤ hmIy-Øns‚ s]mcpƒ.

GI-ssZh hnizm-k-Øns‚ ^eßƒ

ae-°p-I-fn-ep≈ hnizmkw

ssZh-K-Ÿ-ß-fn-ep≈ hnizmkw

hnip-≤-Jp¿-Bs‚ khn-ti-j-X-Iƒ

ssZh-Zq-X-∑m-cn-ep≈ hnizmkw

]c-tem-I-Øn-ep≈ hnizmkw

]c-tem-I-hn-izm-k-Øns‚ Bh-iy-IX

]c-tem-I-hn-izm-kw bp‡n-bpsS shfn-®-Øn¬

]cn-ip≤ hmIyw

7

Ckvemw

Ckvemwan° temI-a-X-ßfpw H∂p-In¬ B aX-Øns‚ ÿm]-I-s‚tbm

As√-¶n¬ AXpZv`-hn® kap-Zm-b-Øn-s‚tbm t]cn-em-W-dn-b-s∏-Sp-∂Xv.

DZm-l-c-W-ambn, InkvXp-aXw F∂ t]¿ tbip-In-kvXp-hn¬\n∂v

e`n-®-XmWv. _p≤-a-X-am-Is´, AXns‚ ÿm]-I-\mb alm-flm-_p-

≤-\n¬-\n-∂pw. kucmjvS aXw F∂ t]¿ AXns‚ ÿm]-I-\mb

kucmjvS-sc (Zoraster ) kqNn-∏n-°p∂p. blq-Z-aXw B t]cp≈

tKmX-Øn-em-WpZv`hn-®Xv. an° aX-ß-fp-sSbpw \ma-I-c-W-Øn-∂-Sn-

ÿm\w CXpXs∂. F-∂m¬, CkvemwaXw Cu s]mXp XØz-Øn-

∂-]-hm-Z-atX. "Ckvemw' F∂ t]¿ Hcp ]tXyI hy‡n-bn¬\nt∂m

kap-Zm-b-Øn¬\nt∂m DZv`-hn-®-X√. B \maw shfn-s∏-Sp-Øp-∂Xv

Hcp khn -tij KpW-sØ-bmWv. Ckvemw Hcp hy‡n-bpsS

krjvSntbm Hcp kap-Zm-b-Øns‚ IpØ-Itbm As√∂v AXns‚

\maw hy‡-am-°p∂p. hy‡n, \maw, P\X F∂n-h-tbmSv AXn∂v

]tXyI _‘-sam-∂p-an√. Ckvemw F∂ khn-tij KpWw a\p-

jy-cn¬ kwPm-X-am-°p-I-bm-W-Xns‚ e£yw. KX-Ime P\-k-aq-l-

ß-fnse kXy-k-‘cpw kpIr-Xn-I-fp-amb GsXms° Bfp-I-fn¬

]kvXpX KpWw D≠m-bn-cp-∂pthm Ah-sc√mw "apkvenw'-I-fm-bn-cp∂p.

C∂pw Ah-cmWv "apkvenw-Iƒ.' F∂pw Ah¿ Xs∂-bm-bn-cn°pw

"apkvenw-'Iƒ.

"Ckveman's‚ A¿Yw

"Ckvemw' F∂Xv Hcp Ad_n i_vZ-amWv. "A\p-k-cWw', Iogvh-

W°w, kºq¿W ka¿∏Ww Fs∂√mw AXn-∂¿Y-ap≠v. as‰mcp hn[w

8

Ckvemw

]d-™m¬, "Ckvemw' F∂m¬ ssZhsØ A\p-k-cn-°epw Ah∂v

Iogvh-W-ßepw Ah-\n¬ k¿hkzw ka¿∏n-°-ep-amWv "Ckvemw'

F∂ t]cns‚ s]mcpfpw AXtX.*

Ckvem-ans‚ bmYm¿Yyw

]m]-©nI hkvXp-°-sf√mw Nne \nb-a-ßƒ°v hnt[-b-am-sW∂v

ImWmw. kqcy˛Nµ˛\£-X-tKm-f-ß-sf√mw Z-amb Nne \nb-a-ß-fm¬

_‘n-°-s∏-´n-cn-°p∂p. B \nb-a-ßƒs°-Xnsc AWp-h-fhpw Nen-°p-

hm-\-hbv°v km[y-a√. `qan, Hcp \n›n-X-th-K-Øn-emWv Id-ßp-∂Xv.

AXns‚ \n›nX thK-Øntem ka-b-Øntem ]Y-Øntem Hcp am‰hpw

kw -hn-°p-∂n√. hmbphpw sh≈hpw shfn-®hpw Dujvam-hp-sa√mw C]-

Imcw Nne \nb-a-hy-h-ÿ-Iƒ°-[o-\-amWv. [mXp-h¿K-ßƒ, kky-e-

Xm-Zn-Iƒ, P¥p-Pm-e-ßƒ F∂nh D≠m-hp-Ibpw hf-cp-Ibpw sNdp-Xm-

hp-Ibpw hep-Xm-hp-Ibpw Pohn-°p-Ibpw acn-°p-Ibpw sNøp-∂Xv A-h-

bv°v \n›-bn-°-s∏- n- p≈ \nb-a-ßƒs°mØv amXw. C\n, a\p-jyt\m?

Ah\pw Nne ]IrXn \nb-a-ßƒ°v hnt[-b-\mWv. Ah≥ P\n-°p-∂Xpw

hf-cp-∂Xpw izkn-°p-∂Xpw Blm-c-]m-\o-b-ßƒ Ign-°p-∂Xpw NqSpw

shfn-®hpw Ic-ÿ-am-°p-∂Xpw a\p-jy-Po-hn-X-Øn-∂m-[m-c-amb \nb-a-

hy-h-ÿ-I-f-\p-k-cn-®mWv. Ahs‚ lrZ-b-an-Sn-∏p-Ifpw izmk-Øp-Sn-∏p-Ifpw

c‡-Nw-I-a-W-hp-sa√mw AXm-Xns‚ \nb-a-a-\p-k-cn-®p-amXw. Ahs‚

akvXn-jvIhpw Zl-t\-µn-bhpw \mUo-hyq-lhpw ssIIm-ep-Ifpw ]t©-

µn-b-ßfpw F∂p-th≠ ico-c-Ønse Hmtcm tImihpw AXm-Xn\v \n›-

bn-°-s∏´ tPmen-Iƒ amX-amWv \n¿h-ln-°p-∂Xv.

hm\-tem-I-Ønse h≥tKm-f-ßƒ apX¬ `qan-bnse ]c-am-Wp-h-sc-

bp≈ k¿hhpw Aew-L-\o-b-amb Nne \nb-a-ßƒ°v hnt[-b-amWv F∂v

Npcp°w. B \nb-a-ßƒ alm-\mb Hcp ]cm-i‡n \n¿an-®-XmWv. B

]cm-i-‡n-sb-bmWv ]]-©-a-Jn-ehpw AXnse kakvX krjvSn-Pm-e-

ßfpw A\p-k-cn-°p-∂Xv. ImcWw, Ah≥ \n¿an® \nb-a-ßƒ°mWv

Ah-sb√mw Iogvs∏-´n-cn-°p-∂Xv. Cu A¿Y-Øn¬, kakvX temI-Øn-

s‚bpw aXw Ckvem-amWv. ImcWw, Ckvemw F∂m¬ ssZhsØ A\p-

k-cn-°epw Ah∂v Iogvh-W-ßepamWv. At∏mƒ kqcy-˛N-µ˛-\-£-Xm-

* Ckvemw F∂ ]Z-Øn\v kam-[m\w F∂pw A¿Y-ap≠v. ssZh-Øn∂v kzbw ka¿∏n-°pI hgn Hcmƒ°v imco-cn-Ihpw am\-kn-I-hp-ambn kam-[m\w e`y-am-Ip∂pF∂¿Yw. A\p-k-c-W-\n-jvT-amb AØ-c-samcp PohnXw a\x-im¥n ssIh-cp-Øp-Ibpw AXp-hgn kaq-l-Øn-ep-S-\ofw kam-[m\w ÿm]n-°p-Ibpw sNøp∂p.

9

Ckvemw

Zn-tKm-f-ßƒ apkvenw-I-fmWv; `qan apkven-amWv; hmbphpw sh≈hpw

]Im-ihpw apkvenw-I-fmWv; I√p-Ifpw ac-ßfpw arK-ßfpw apkvenw-

I-fmWv; ssZhsØ Adn-bm-Ø-h\pw ssZh-\n-tj-[nbpw ssZth-X-c-

i-‡n-Isf ]qPn-°p-∂-h\pw ssZh-Øn¬ A\ysc ]¶m-fn-I-fm-°p-

∂-h-\p-sa√mw apkvenw Xs∂-bmWv. ImcWw, ]IrXym apkven-am-

W-h≥. Ahs‚ P\-\hpw Pohn-Xhpw ac-W-hp-sa√mw Xs∂ ssZhnI

\nb-a-ßƒ°v hnt[-b-amWv. Ahs‚ k¿hmw-K-ß-fp-sSbpw k¿h-tIm-

i-ß-fp-sSbpw aXw Ckvem-amWv. ImcWw, Ah-sb√mw ssZhn-I-\n-

b-a-a-\p-k-cn-®mWv D≠m-hp-Ibpw hf-cp-Ibpw Nen-°p-Ibpw sNøp-∂Xv.

F¥n-t\sd, Ahn-th-I-Øm¬, ssZh-\n-tj-[tam _lp-ssZ-h-hn-izm-

ktam ]Jym-]n-°p∂ kz¥w \mhp-t]mepw apkven-amWv. ssZth-X-

c≥am-cpsS apºn¬ Ah≥ \n¿_-‘-]q¿hw Ip\n-°p∂ kz¥w

inc pw A⁄-X-bm¬ Ah-tcm-Sp≈ kvt\l-`-‡n-_-lp-am-\-ßƒ

\nd-™p-Xp-fp-ºp∂ Ahs‚ a\ pw apkven-amWv. ImcWw, Ah-

sbm-s°bpw ]h¿Øn-°p-∂Xv ssZhnI \nb-a-ßƒ°-\p-k-cn-®mWv.

Ah-bpsS Hmtcm Ne-\hpw ssZhnI hyh-ÿ-Iƒ°v hnt[-b-hp-amWv.

CXv a\p-jym-h-ÿ-bpsS Hcp hiw. CXn-s∂mcp ad-ph-i-ap≠v.

a\p-jy≥ CXc krjvSn-Pm-e-ß-sf-t∏m-se-b√. hntij _p≤n-bm-e-

\p-Kr-lo-X-\m-W-h≥. Ah∂v Nn¥m-i-‡nbpw Kmly-i-‡n-bp-ap≠v.

A`n-]m-b-]-I-S\ tijn-bp≠v. Hcp Imcyw kzoI-cn-∏m\pw as‰m∂v

Xnc-kvI-cn-°m\pw Ah∂v Ignbpw. H∂ns\ CjvS-s∏-Sm\pw as‰m-

∂ns\ shdp-°m-\p-amhpw. Hcp Pohn-X-]-≤Xn kzbw \n¿an-°p-Itbm

as‰m-cmƒ \n¿an-®Xv kzoI-cn-°p-Itbm sNøm≥ Ignbpw. Cu taJ-

e-I-fn¬ a\p-jy≥, CX-c- h-kvXp-°-sf-t∏mse Hcp \n›nX \nb-a-

hy-h-ÿ°v hnt[-b-\√. Bibw, A`n-]mbw, I¿aw F∂n-h-bn¬

Ah∂v sXc-s™-Sp-∏n-∂p≈ kzmX-¥y-ap≠v. H∂m-asØ Ah-ÿ-

bn¬ Ah≥ CXc krjvSn--Pm-e-ß-sf-t∏mse P≥a\m "apkvenw'

BsW-¶n¬ c≠m-a-sØ-Xn¬ "apkvenw' BIepw BIm-Xn-cn-°epw

Ahs‚ A[n-Im-c-]-cn-[n-bn¬ s]´-XmWv.

Cu A[n-Im-c-Øns‚ ASn-ÿm-\-Øn¬ a\p-jys\ c≠v Xc-ambn

Xncn°mw. Hcp a\p-jy≥ Xs‚ kjvSm-hns\ Xncn-®-dn-bp-Ibpw Ahs\

kz¥w \mY\pw bP-am-\\pw Bbn kzoI-cn-°p-Ibpw sNbvX-h-\mWv.

kzm[n-Im-c-ap≈ ]iv\-ß-fn¬t]mepw Ah≥ bP-am\ lnXw am\n-

°p∂p. Cu a\p-jy≥ ]q¿W apkven-amWv. Ahs‚ "Ckvemw' ]q¿W-

10

Ckvemw

am-bn-°-gn™p. Ahs‚ PohnXw ASn-apSn "apkvenw'BWv. Adnthm

t_m[tam C√msX, \n¿_-‘n-X-\mbn Iogvs]-ń-cp∂ AtX \mY∂v

Ct∏mƒ Adn-thmSpw t_m[-tØmSpw IqSn hgn-s∏-ń-cn-°p-I-bm-W-h≥.

Dt±-iy-c-ln-X-ambn A\p-k-cn-®n-cp∂ ssZhsØ Ct∏m-gh≥ Dt±-iy-

]q¿hw A\p-k-cn-°p∂p. Ct∏m-g-hs‚ ⁄m\w bYm¿Y-amWv. ImcWw,

Adn-hn\pw ⁄m\-k-ºm-Z-\-Øn-\p-ap≈ i‡n- ]-Zm\w sNbvX ssZh-

sØ Ah≥ Adn™pIgn™p. Ct∏m-g-hs‚ Nn¥bpw A`n-]m-bhpw

icn-bmWv. ImcWw, Nn¥m-i-‡nbpw Kmly-i-‡nbpw A`n-]m-b-]-I-S-

\-ti-jnbpw ]Zm-\w-sNbvX ssZhsØ A\p-k-cn-°p-hm≥ Ah≥ kzta-

[bm Btem-Nn®p Xocp-am-\n-®n-cn-°p∂p. Ct∏m-g-hs‚ \mhv kXy-amWv

]d-bp-∂Xv. ImcWw, AXn∂v kwkm-c-tijn \¬Inb ssZh-sØ-∏-‰n-

bmWv AXv samgn-bp-∂Xv. Ahs‚ apgp-h≥ Pohn-X-Ønepw kXyhpw

k∑m¿K-hp-am-Wp-≈Xv. ImcWw, Ah≥ X\n-°-[n-Im-c-ap-≈-Xnepw C√m-

Ø-Xnepw ssZhn-I-\n-b-a-ß-fm-W-\p-k-cn-°p-∂Xv. Ct∏mƒ ka-kvX-tem-

I-tØmSpw Ah≥ _‘w ÿm]n-®p-I-gn™p. ImcWw, ]m]-©nI

hkvXp-°-f-Jn-ehpw A\p-k-cn-°p-Ibpw tkhn-°p-Ibpw sNøp∂ AtX

ssZhsØ Xs∂-bmWv Ah\pw A\p-k-cn-°p-Ibpw tkhn-°p-Ibpw

sNøp-∂Xv. Ct∏m-g-h≥ qan-bn¬ ssZh-Øns‚ ]Xn-\n[n (Jeo^)bmWv.

apgp-tem-Ihpw Ah-t‚Xpw Ah≥ ssZh-Øn-t‚-Xp-amWv.

ssZh-\n-tj-[-Øns‚ bmYm¿Yyw

C∏-d™ a\p-jy-\n¬\n∂pw hyXy-kvX-\mbn CXm as‰m-cmƒ: A-

h≥ apkven-ambn P\n®p; Adnhpw t_m[-hp-an-√msX apkven-am-bn-Øs∂

XpS¿∂p. ]t£, kz¥w _p≤nbpw ⁄m\-hp-ap-]-tbm-Kn®v Ah≥ ssZ-

hsØ Adn-™n√; X\n°v A[n-Im-chpw kzmX-¥yhpap≈- Im-cy-ß-

fn¬ ssZhsØ A\p-k-cn-°p-hm≥ CjvS-s∏-ń√. Ch≥ ssZh-\n-tj[n-

(Im^n¿) BWv. "Ip^v¿' F∂ ]Z-Øns‚ A¿Yw "Hfn-∏n-°pI', "ad-bn-

SpI' Fs∂m-s°-bm-Ip∂p. Cu a\p-jy≥ kz¥w ]Ir-Xn-bpsS ta¬

Ahn-th-I-am-Ip∂ ad Cń-cn-°p-I-bmWv. AXp-sIm-≠mWv Ahs\ "Im-

^n¿' F∂p ]d-bp-∂Xv. kXy-Øn¬ Ckvem-anI ]Ir-Xn-tbm-sS-bm-Wh≥

P\n-®Xv. Ahs‚ ico-c-Ønse k¿h-tIm-i-ßfpw ]h¿Øn-°p-∂Xv

Ckvem-ans‚ ]Ir-Xn-bn-emWv. Ahs‚ Np‰n-ep-ap≈ kakvX-tem-Ihpw

Nen-°p-∂Xv Ckvem-ans‚ ]Ir-Xn-bn-emWv. ]t£, Ahs‚ _p≤n-bpsS

ta¬ ad hoWn-cn-°p∂p. ka-kvX-tem-I-Øn-s‚bpw Xs‚ Xs∂bpw

]IrXn Ah∂v A⁄m-X-am-bn-t∏m-bn-cn-°p∂p. AXn-\m-eh-≥ B ]Ir-

11

Ckvemw

Xn-s°-Xn-cmbn Nn¥n-°p∂p; AXn-s∂-Xn-cmbn Nen-°p-hm≥ ]cn-i-an-°p-

Ibpw sNøp∂p.

\ntj-[-Øns‚ sISp-Xn-Iƒ

ssZh-\n-tj[w Hc-⁄-X-bmWv. F∂√, km£m¬ A⁄X AXv

Xs∂-bmWv. a\p-jy≥ kz¥w kjvSm-hmb ssZhsØ Adn-bm-Xn-cn-

°pI F∂-Xn-s\-°mƒ ISpØ A⁄X as‰-¥p≠v? ]]-©-am-Ip∂

Cu ]Sp-Iq-‰≥ b¥-ime cm∏-I¬ Nen-®p-sIm-≠n-cn-°p-∂Xv Hcmƒ Im-

Wp∂p. ]t£, AXv \n¿an®v \nb-¥n®v \S-Øp-∂-Xm-sc∂v Ah-∂dn-

™p-IqSm! [mXp-e-h-W-ßfpw cmk-h-kvXp-°fpw tN¿Øv a\p-jy≥ F∂

\nkvXp-ehpw AZv`p-X-I-c-hp-amb Hcp krjvSnsb hm¿sØ-SpØ AXn-

\n-]p-W-\mb inev]n Bcm-sW-∂-h-∂-dn-bn√! Ahs‚ apºn¬ A\ym-

Zr-i-amb Bkq-X-W-Øn-s‚bpw KWn-X-hn-Zy-bp-sSbpw ck-X-¥-Øns‚-

bpw ]cn-]q¿WX kv^pcn®p\n¬°p∂ sshhn[y kpµ-c-amb \nc-h[n

hkvXp°-fp≠v. IWn-i-amb bp‡nbpw Aº-c-∏n-°p∂ kma¿Yyhpw

sXfn-™p-\n-¬°p∂ ]Wn-Ø-c-ß-fp≠v. F∂n´pw Ah-\-dn-bp-∂n√, C-

hbv°p ]n∂n¬ ]h¿Øn-°p∂ k¿h-⁄\pw k¿hi-‡\pw ka¿-

Y\pw bp‡n-am-\p-amb i‡n-tb-sX∂v! Adn-hns‚ Cu BZym-£-cw-

t]mepw kzmb-Ø-am-°n-bn-´n-√mØ CØcw Hcp hy‡n°v bYm¿Y

⁄m\-Øns‚ IhmSw Xpd-°-s∏-Sp-∂-sX-ßs\? Cu a´n-ep-s≈m-cmƒ,

FX KmV-am-bm-tem-Nn-®mepw FX Xe-]p-I-™m-tem-Nn-®mepw ⁄m\-

Øns‚ EPphpw ktµ-l-c-ln-X-hp-amb Dd® am¿Kw Hcp cwKØpw Is≠-

Øp-I-bn√. ImcWw, XpS-°-Øn¬ Xs∂ A⁄-X-bm-Ip∂ A‘-Im-c-

am-W-bmƒ ImWpI. HSp-°hpw hyXy-kvX-am-bn-cn-°p-I-bn√.

ssZh-\n-tj[w(Ip^v¿) Hcp AI-a-amWv. F∂√, G‰hpw henb

AIaw Ip^vdmWv. AIaw F∂m-se-s¥∂v \ap-°-dnbmw. Hcp hkvXp-

sh kz¥w ]Ir-Xn°pw kz`m-h-Øn\pw hncp-≤-ambn D]-tbm-Kn-°p-∂-

XmWv AIaw. ]m]-©nI hkvXp°-f-Jn-ehpw ssZh-Øns‚ B⁄m-

\p-h¿Øn-I-fm-sW∂pw Ah-bpsS ]IrXn Xs∂ "Ckvemw' BsW∂pw

apºp ]d-™p-ht√m. a\p-jy-i-co-chpw AXnse k¿hmw-K-ßfpw CtX

]Ir-Xn-b-\p-k-cn-®mWv Nen-°p-∂Xv. Ah-bv°p-ta¬ B[n-]Xyw ]pe¿-

Øm-\p≈ ]cn-an-X-amb kzmX¥yw ssZhw a\p-jy∂v \¬In-bn-´p-s≠-

∂Xv icn-bmWv. ]t£, Ah ssZh-ln-X-Øn-s\m-Øp-]-tbm-Kn-°-W-sa-

∂-XmWv Ah-bpsS ]IrXn Bh-iy-s∏-Sp-∂Xv. ]t£, Hcp \ntj[n,

12

Ckvemw

Ah kz¥w ]Ir-Xn-s°-Xn-cm-bm-Wp-]-tbm-Kn-°pI. Ah≥ kzin-c v

A\y-cpsS apºn¬ Ip\n-°p∂p. bYm¿Y-Øn-eXv ssZh-Øns‚ Zmk-

\mWv. A\y-tcm-Sp≈ kvt\lm-Z-c-hp-I-fm-Ip∂ hnK-l-ßsf Ah≥ kza-

\- n¬ ]Xn-jvTn-°p∂p. ]IrXym ssZh-tØm-Sp≈ `b-`-‡n-_-lp-am-

\-ßƒ amXw \nd-™p- \n¬t°-≠-XmWm a\- v. kz¥w Ah-b-h-ßfpw

kz¥w \n-b-¥-W-Øn-ep≈ a‰p hkvXp°-sfbpw Ah≥ ssZth-O-s°-

Xn-cmbn D]-tbm-K-s∏-Sp-Øp∂p. kXy-Øn¬ Ah-bpsS ]IrXn BK-

ln-°p-∂Xv Ah ssZh-ln-X-Øn-s\mØv D]-tbm-Kn-°-s∏-S-W-sa-∂mWv.

Cu a\p-jy≥ k¿h-h-kvXp-°-tfmSpw AIaw ImWn-°p-I-bmWv. kz¥w

AkvXn-Xz-tØmSp t]mepw. Cbm-sf-°mƒ henb as‰m-c-I-an-bmcv?

ssZh-\n-tj[w AIaw amX-a√, [n°m-chpw IqSn-bmWv. cmPy-tZm-

lhpw \µn-tI-Sp-am-WXv. Btem-Nn®p t\m°pI: a\p-jys‚ hiw kz¥-

ambn F¥m-Wp-≈Xv? Ahs‚ akvXnjvIw krjvSn-®-Xm-cmWv? Aht\m

AtXm, ssZhtam? lrZbw, t\Xw, \mhv XpS-ßnb Ah-b-h-ßƒ

BcpsS krjvSn-bmWv? Ahs‚ Xs∂tbm AtXm ssZh-Øn-s‚tXm?

a\p-jys‚ Np‰nepw AkwJyw hkvXp-°ƒ! B hkvXp-°ƒ Ahs‚

D]-tbm-K-Øn\v ]mI-Øn¬! Ah D]-tbm-Kn-°p-hm-\p≈ i‡nbpw bp‡n-

bp-ap≠v a\p-jy∂v! CsXms° krjvSn-s®m-cp-°n-bXv a\p-jy≥ Xs∂tbm

AtXm ssZhtam? kIe hkvXp-°fpw ssZh-Øn-s‚-XmWv; Ah-\m-W-

h-bpsS kjvSmhv; Ah≥ amX-am-W-h-bpsS DSa; Ah≥ \¬In-b-Xp-

sIm≠v amX-amWv Ah a\p-jy∂v e`n-®Xv ˛ CsX√mw Bcpw kΩ-Xn-

°p∂ kXy-ß-fmWv. kXyw CXm-sW-¶n¬, ssZhw \¬Inb akvXnjvIw

D]-tbm-Kn®v ssZh-Øn-s∂-Xn-cn¬ Nn¥n-°p-∂Xpw ssZhw \¬Inb lrZ-

b-Øn¬ ssZh-hn-cp-≤m-i-b-ßƒ ]pe¿Øp-∂Xpw ssZh-a-cp-fnb ]t©-

µn-b-ßƒ ssZhm-`o-jvS-Øn-s\-Xn-cmbn D]-tbm-Kn-°p∂Xpw [n°m-chpw

\µn-tISpw ssZ-h-tZm-l-hp-a-s√-¶n¬ as‰-¥mWv? Hcp rXy≥ bP-am-\s‚

tNmdpw Xn∂v Abm-tfmSv [n°mcw ImWn-®m¬ \ma-hs\ \µn-sI-´-h-

s\∂v hnfn°pw. Hcp-tZym-K-ÿ≥ kz¥w A[n-Im-c-ßƒ `c-W-Iq-S-Øn-

s∂-Xnsc D]-tbm-Kn-°p-∂-]£w \ma-hs\ cmPy-tZmln F∂p hnfn°pw.

Hcmƒ X\n-°p-]-Imcw sNbvX-hs\ h©n-°p∂ ]£w \ma-hs\ \µn-

bn-√m-Ø-h-s\∂pw h©-I-s\∂pw hnfn°pw.

F∂m¬, a\p-jy≥ a\p-jy-t\mSv \µn-tISpw h©-\bpw [n°m-chpw

sNøpI F∂v ]d-bp-∂-Xn¬ F¥¿Y-am-Wp-≈Xv? Hcp a\p-jy∂v Blm-

13

Ckvemw

cw \¬Im≥ as‰mcp a\p-jy∂v Ign-bp-∂-sX-ßs\? bYm¿Y-Øn¬

Blmcw \¬Ip-∂Xv ssZh-at√? DtZym-K-ÿ-cpsS A[n-Im-c-ßƒ

FhnsS-\n∂v h∂p? B[n-]-Xyhpw A[n-Im-chpw \¬Ip-∂Xv ssZh-at√?

Hcmƒ A]-c∂v \≥a sNøp-∂-sX-ßs\? F√mw ssZh-Z-Ø-at√?

a\p-jys‚ G‰hpw henb IS-∏mSv kz¥w amXm-]n-Xm-°-tfm-Sm-Wt√m.

F∂m¬, amXm-]n-Xm-°-fpsS lrZ-b-ß-fn¬ k¥m-\-hm-’-ey-ap-≠m-

°n-b-Xm-cmWv? amXm-hns‚ ape-∏m¬ BcpsS krjvSn-bmWv? Xm≥

]Wn-s∏-´p-≠m-°nb kºmZyw, ]tbm-P-\-c-ln-X-amb Hcp amwk-

]nWvUw amX-amb Xs‚ k¥m-\-Øn\mbn kk-t¥mjw hybw

sNøp-hm-\p≈ a\-ÿnXn ]nXr-lr-Z-b-Øn¬ BcmWv krjvSn-®Xv?

B amwk-]n-WvUsØ Xo‰n-t∏m-‰n-h-f¿Øp-hm\pw Ah∂v in£W

kwkvIc-W-ßƒ \¬Ip-hm-\p-ambn kz¥w [\hpw ka-bhpw kpJ-

t`m-K-ßfpw _en-b¿∏n-°p-hm-\p≈ t]c-I-i‡n ]nXm-°-fn¬ krjvSn-

®-Xm-cmWv? "ssZhw' Ft∂ adp-]-Sn-bp≈q. At∏mƒ a\p-jys‚

km£m¬ KpW-Imw-£nbpw bYm¿Y cmPmhpw ssZh-amWv. k¿thm-

]cn Ahs‚ kwc-£-I\pw. B ssZhsØ \ntj-[n-°p-Ibpw Ahs\

ssZh-am-bw-Ko-I-cn-°m-Xn-cn-°p-Ibpw sNøp∂ a\p-jy≥ FX ISpØ

[n°m-cnbpw cmPy-tZm-ln-bp-amWv! B ssZhsØ A\p-k-cn-°m-Xn-cn-

°p-∂Xpw Ahs‚ Zmk-\mbn h¿Øn-°m-Xn-cn-°p-∂Xpw F¥p-amXw

h©-\bpw \µn-tI-Sp-amWv!

F∂m¬, ssZh-\n-tj[w ssZh-Øn\v h√ lm\nbpw hcp-Øn-°-

f-bp-sa∂v Icp-X-cpXv. alm-cm-Pm-hmWv ssZhw. Ahs‚ `c-Wm-Xn¿Øn-

bpsS BZnbpw A¥yhpw \ap-°n-Xp-hsc a\- n-em-°m≥ Ign-™n-´n√.

AXn-i-‡-\mWv ssZhw. tImSn-°-W-°mb hm\-tKm-f-ßsf kz¥w

B⁄-b-\p-k-cn®v ]¥p-t]mse Id-°n-s°m-≠n-cn-°p∂ alm-i-‡n-am≥.

]]-©-Øn-ep≈ kI-eXpw Ahs‚ kzØmWv. Ah-bpsS Ah-Im-i-

Øn¬ as‰m-∂n\pw Hml-cn-bn√. AXn-_r-lØpw \n o-a-hp-am-WXv. ]]-

©-Ønse k¿h- h-kvXp-°fpw Bi-bn-°p∂ alm-k-am- m-W-h≥. Ah-

∂v a‰m-scbpw Bi-bn-t°≠ Bh-iy-an√. k¿hX kzX-¥-\m-W-h≥.

Aß-s\-bp≈ Hcp alm-cm-Pm-hn\v a\p-jy≥ Ahs\ kzoI-cn-°p-∂-

XvsIm≠v h√ em`tam Xnc-kvI-cn-°p-∂-Xp-sIm≠v h√ \jvStam kw`-

hn-°ptam? AXn-\p-amXw a\p-jym-kvXn-Xz-Øn\v F¥v ÿm\-am-Wp-≈Xv?

a\p-jys‚ IrX-Lv\-Xbpw [n°m-chpw hgn ssZh-Øn\v bmsXmcp lm\n-

bpw G¬]n-°pI km[y-a√. adn®v, AXp-hgn a\p-jy≥ kz¥w \mi-

14

Ckvemw

Øn-\p≈ kma-Kn-Iƒ kzbw Hcp-°pI amX-amWv sNøp-∂Xv.

a\p-jy≥ Xo¿Øpw ]cm-Pn-X\pw \jvS-s∏-´-h\pw Bbn-Øo-cpI

F∂-XmWv ssZh-\n-tj-[-Øn-s‚bpw ssZh-[n-°m-c-Øn-s‚bpw A\n-hm-

cy-^ew. Ah-s∂m-cn-°epw ⁄m\-Øns‚ t\¿hgn e`n-°n√. kz¥w

kjvSm-hn-s\-t∏mepw Adn-bm-\p-X-ImØ ⁄m\w as‰¥v Ad-nhmWv

t\Sn-s°m-Sp-°pI? Ahs‚ _p≤n kZm hf-™-h-gnt° Ncn°q. kz¥w

kjvSm-hns\ Xncn-®-dn-bp-∂-Xn¬ ]ng-®p-t]mb _p≤n as‰-¥n-emWv

t\¿hgn \S-°pI? Pohn-X-Ønse kIe G¿∏m-Sp-I-fnepw Ah∂v ]nghv

]nW-™p-sIm-≠n-cn°pw; [m¿an-Ihpw \mK-cn-Ihpw kmwk¿Kn-Ihpw

kmwkvIm-cn-Ihpw kmº-Øn-Ihpw cmjvSo-b-hp-amb taJ-e-I-sf√mw

\mtim≥ap-J-am-bn-cn°pw. temIØh≥ \m-ihpw Ipg-∏hpw ]cØpw;

c‡-∏p-g-I-sfm-gp°pw. A\ysc AI-an°pw; A]-cs‚ Ah-Im-i-ß-f-]-

l-cn°pw. Zpjn® Bi-b-ßfpw ZpjvsN-bvXn-Ifpw hgn kzPo-hn-XsØ

Xs∂ ZpjvI-chpw \c-I-Xp-ey-hp-am°pw. C\n-b-h≥ ]mc-XnI temI-

sØ-Øn-bmtem? Ahs‚ AI-a-ßƒ°n-c-bmb k¿h- hkvXp-°fpw Ah-

s∂-Xn-cn¬ A\ymbw t_m[n-∏n°pw. Ahs‚ akvXn-jvIhpw lrZ-bhpw

IÆp-Ifpw ImXp-Ifpw ssIIm-ep-Ifpw amX-a-√, Hmtcm tcmahpw ssZh-

k-∂n-[n-bn¬ Bh-emXn t_m[n-∏n°pw˛ \ns‚ I¬]\ ewLn-°p-Ibpw

\ns∂ [n°-cn-°p-Ibpw sNøp-hm≥ Cu AIan Rßsf _em-¬°mcw

D]-tbm-Kn-°p-I-bm-bn-cp-∂p-sh∂v! ssZhsØ [n°-cn-®p-sIm≠v Ah≥

\S-°p-Ibpw \nh-kn-°p-Ibpw sNbvX qanbpw \nb-a-hn-cp-≤-ambn Ign®

Blm-chpw \njn≤ am¿K-Øn¬ kºm-Zn-°p-Ibpw sNe-h-gn-°p-Ibpw

sNbvX [\hpw A\ym-b-ambn ssIh-i-s∏-SpØn D]-tbm-Kn® a‰p hkvXp-

°fpw ssZh-k-∂n-[n-bn¬ Ah-s∂-Xnsc ]cmXn ]dbpw. \oXn-am-\mb

ssZhw ]cm-Xn-°m-cpsS k¶-S-]-cn-lm-c-Øn-\mbn Ip‰-hm-fn-Iƒ°v ITn-

\hpw \nµy-hp-amb in£ \¬Ip-Ibpw sNøpw.

Ckvem-ans‚ kZv -e-ßƒ

ssZh-\n-tj-[-Øns‚ tZmj-^-e-ß-fmWv CXp-hsc ]d-™Xv. C\n,

Ckvem-an-I-am¿Kw Df-hm-°p∂ kZv^-e-ßƒ ]cn-tim-[n°mw. ]]-©-

Øn-ep-S-\ofw Znhy-Xz-Øns‚ sXfn-hp-Iƒ hym]n-®p-In-S°p--∂p-s≠∂v

apºv K-ln-®p-ht√m. kp`-Z-amb Hcp hyh-ÿ-bn¬, kpi-‡-amb \nba-

ßƒ°p Iogn¬ Nen-®p-sIm-≠n-cn-°p∂ AXn-a-l-Ømb Cu ]]©w

\n¿an®v \S-Øp-∂Xv AP-ø-\mb Hc-[n-]-\m-sW∂pw Ahs‚ B[n-]-

15

Ckvemw

Xy-Øn-s∂-Xnsc Xe-s]m-°m≥ bmsXm-∂n\pw km[y-a-s√∂pw D≈-

Xn∂v kIe ]m]-©n-I-h-kvXp-°-fpw km£yw hln-°p-∂p≠v.

]]-©-Øn-s‚-Xp-t]m-se-Øs∂ ssZhsØ A\p-k-cn-°pI F∂-

XmWv a\p-jy-]-Ir-Xnbpw. t_m[-]q¿h-a-√msX Xs∂ Ah≥ kZm

ssZhsØ A\p-k-cn-®p-sIm-≠n-cn-°p∂p. ImcWw, ssZh-Øns‚

]IrXn\nb-a-ßƒ ew-Ln®psIm≠v Ah-∂n-hnsS Pohn-®n-cn-°pI

km[y-a√.

ssZhw a\p-jy\v ⁄m\ kºm-Z-\-tijn \¬In; Btem-N\m

i-‡nbpw Kl-W-ti-jnbpw \¬In; kXym-kXy hnth-N-\-Øn-\p≈

Ign-thIn. AtXm-sSm∏w Ah∂v kzmX-¥yhpw ]Zm\w sNbvXp.

Cu kzmX-¥y-Zm-\-Øns‚ km£m¬ Dt±iyw a\p-jys\ ]co-£n-

°-emWv ˛ Ahs‚ ⁄m\-sØbpw _p≤n-sbbpw hnth-N-\-i-‡n-

sbbpw ]co-£n-°¬. Ah∂v e`n® kzmX-¥yw Fßs\ D]-tbm-Kn-

°p∂p F∂v ]cn-tim-[n-°¬. Cu ]co-£-bn¬ GsX-¶n-ep-samcp

am¿Kw Xs∂ kzoI-cn-°p-hm≥ a\p-jy≥ \n¿_-‘n-°-s∏-Sp-∂n√.

Aßs\ \n¿_-‘n-°p∂ ]£w ]co-£-bpsS Dt±iyw Xs∂ hn^-

eam-bn-t∏mIpw. tNmZy-°-S-emkp sImSpØ tijw Hcp \n›nX

DØcw Xs∂-sb-gp-Xm≥ hnZym¿Yn-Isf \n¿_-‘n-°p-∂-]£w ]ns∂-

sb-¥n-\mWv ]co£? GXp-Ø-c-hp-sa-gp-Xm≥ kzmX¥yw Ds≠-¶nte

Ah-cpsS icn-bmb tbmKyX Is≠-Øm-\mhq. icn-bp-Ø-c-sa-gp-Xp-

∂-h¿ hnP-bn°pw. Ah¿°p apºn¬ ]ptcm-K-Xn-bpsS IhmSw Xpd-

∂p-In´pw. sX‰mb DØ-c-sa-gp-Xn-b-h¿ tXm¬°pw. kz¥w A]m-

]vXnbpw Atbm-Ky-Xbpw `mhn]ptcm-K-Xn-bpsS ]mX Ah¿°p apºn¬

AS-®p-I-fbpw.

Hcp hy‡n Xs‚bpw ]]-©-Øn-s‚bpw ]IrXn Adn-bp-∂n√.

kz¥w kjvSm-hn-s\bpw Ahs‚ KpW-K-W-ß-sfbpw icn-bmbn a\-

n-em-°p-∂n√. X\n°p e`n® ]cn-an-X-amb kzmX¥yw Zpcp-]-tbm-K-

s∏-SpØn Abmƒ \nb-a-ew-L\w \S-Øp-Ibpw [n°mcw ImWn-°p-Ibpw

sNøp∂p. Cu a\p-jy≥ ]co-£-bn¬ tXm‰-h-\mWv. ⁄m\w, _p≤n,

hnth-N-\-i‡n, I¿Ø-hy-t_m[w F∂n-h-bnse ]co-£-bn-e-bmƒ tXm‰-

ºn-bn-cn-°p∂p. Xms\mcp Xcw-XmW a\p-jy-\m-sW∂pw H∂n\pw sIm-

≈m-Ø-h-\m-sW∂pw kzbw sXfn-bn-®n-cn-°p∂p. AXn-\m¬, ta¬sNm∂

hn[-Øn-ep≈ ]cn-Wm-ata Abm-f¿ln-°p-∂p≈q.

16

Ckvemw

C\n as‰mcp hy‡n ˛ ]co£ Pbn-®-h≥. Abmƒ Xs‚

⁄m\hpw _p≤nbpw icn-°p-]-tbm-Kn®v ssZhsØ Adn™p; AwKo-

I-cn®p. AXn-∂-bmƒ \n¿_-‘n-X-\m-bn-cp-∂n√. \≥a Xn≥a-Isf

th¿Xn-cn-°p-∂-Xn¬ ]nghv ]‰msX, Xs‚ kzX-¥-amb sXc-s™-Sp-

∏n-eqsS Abmƒ \≥asb CjvS-s∏´p. Xn≥a kzoI-cn-°p-hm-\-bmƒ°v

kzmX-¥y-ap-≠m-bn-cp∂p. ]t£, sNbvXn√. Abmƒ kz¥w ]IrXn

icn°v a\- n-em°n; Xs‚ ssZhsØ Xncn-®-dn™p. \nbaw ewLn-

°m-\-bmƒ°v kzmX-¥y-ap-≠m-bn-cp∂p. ]t£, ssZhm-\p-k-c-W-am-

W-bmƒ sXc-s™-Sp-ØXv. Cu a\p-jy≥ ]-co-£-bn¬ Pbn®p. F¥p-

sIm≠v? Abmƒ Xs‚ _p≤n icn-°p-]-tbm-Kn®p; IÆp-IƒsIm≠v

\√-hÆw I≠p; ImXp-IƒsIm≠v \∂mbn tI´p; akvXn-jvIw-sIm≠v

icn-bmb A`n-]mbw cq]o-I-cn®p; kXyw kzoI-cn-°p-sa∂v a\-

vsIm≠v Xocp-am-\n®p; kXyw Xncn-®-dn-™p-sIm≠v Xm≥ kXy-

t_m-[-ap-≈-h-\m-sW∂v ImWn®p; kXy-Øn\p apºn¬ Xe-Ip-\n-®p-

sIm≠v Xm≥ kXy-Øns‚ tkh-I-\m-sW∂v sXfn-bn®p. Aßs\

Abmƒ ]co£ Pbn®p. CØcw kZvKp-W-ß-fp≈ hy‡n-Iƒ Cl-

Ønepw ]c-Ønepw hnPbw ]m]n-°pI Xs∂-sNøpw ˛ Xo¿®.

Cu a\p-jy≥ PvRm\ I¿a-ß-fpsS GXv taJ-e-bnepw icn-bmb

hgn-bnte k©-cn°q. ImcWw, kjvSm-hns\ Xncn-®-dn-bp-Ibpw Ahs‚

KpW-ßƒ a\- n-em-°p-Ibpw sNbvX hy‡n ⁄m\-Øns‚ BZn-bp-a-

¥yhpw icn°v Kln-®-h-\mWv. AØcw hy‡n°v Hcn-°epw ]nghv

]‰n√. AbmfpsS BZy Im¬sh∏v Xs∂ k≥am¿K-Øn-emWv. Xs‚

A¥ye£ysØ°pdn®pw Dd® t_m[-ap-≠-bmƒ°v. Abmƒ Hcp XØzm-

t\z-jn-sb-t∏mse ]]-©-c-l-ky-ß-f-dn-bm≥ ]cn-i-an°pw. ]t£, A-

bmƒ Hc-hn-izm-kn-sb-t∏mse Dulm-t]m-l-ß-fnepw A\p-am-\-ß-fnepw

sN-∂p-S-°n√. Abmƒ ]Ir-Xn-imkvXw hgn ]m]-©nI \nb-a-ßƒ ]-

Tn-°m≥ ]cn-i-an°pw; ]]-©-Øn-e-¥¿`-hn®p InS-°p∂ cl-ky-ßƒ

]pd-sØ-Sp°pw; a\p-jy-\n¬ ssZhw \nt£]n-®p-sh® i‡nhnti-j-

ßƒ At\z-jn®v Is≠Øpw; BImi qan-I-fnse k¿h hkvXp-°fpw

Fßs\ bYm-hn[n D]-tbm-K-s∏-Sp-Øm-sa∂v I≠p]nSn°pw; F∂m¬,

At∏m-sgms° imkvX-⁄m-\sØ Zpcp-]-tbmKw sNøp-∂-Xn¬\n∂pw

ssZh-t_m[w Abmsf XSbpw. ""Rm≥ C°m-Wp∂ hkvXp-°-fp-sS-

* Cu Zpxÿn-Xn-bmWv C∂v B[p-\nI a\p-jys\ t\cn- n-cn-°p-∂Xv. tUm. tPmUv ]d-bp∂p: ""imkvXw Znhy-k-am-\-amb Ign-hp-Iƒ \ap°v ]Zm\w sNbvXn-cn-°p∂p.

17

Ckvemw

sb√mw DS-a-bmWv; ]Ir-Xnsb Rm≥ Iog-S-°n-°-gn™p; Rm≥ ]Ir-

Xn-im-kvXsØ Fs‚ kzm¿Y-Øn-\mbn btYjvSw D]-tbm-Kn°pw;

temIsØ Rm≥ A´n-a-dn°pw; sIm≈bpw sImebpw c‡-s®m-cn-®nepw

hgn Fs‚ A[n-Im-cm-[n-]Xyw Rm≥ temI-amsI ÿm]n°pw'' F∂n-

ß-s\-bp≈ sX‰-p[m-c-W-sbm∂pw Abmƒ°p-≠m-hn√. CXv ssZh-\n-

tj-[n-bmb Hcp imkvX-⁄s‚ amXw hoc-hm-Z-ß-fmWv.* imkvXob

Kth-j-W-ß-fn¬ ]ptcm-K-an-°p-t¥mdpw apkvenw imkvX-⁄s‚

ssZh-hn-izmkw ZrV-X-c-am-bn-s°m-t≠-bn-cn°pw. AX-bp-a-bmƒ ssZh-

tØmSv \µn -bp -≈-h-\p -am -bn -cn°pw. kz\m-Y≥ Xs‚ Ignhpw

⁄m\hpw h¿[n-∏n-°p-∂-Xns‚ tXmX-\p-k-cn®v Xm≥ kaq-l-Øns‚

t£ssa-iz-cy-ßƒ°mbn ]c-am-h[n ]cn-i-an-t°-≠-Xp-s≠-∂m-bn-

cn°pw Abm-fpsS hnizmkw. ssZhw X\n°-cp-fnb A\p-K-l-

ßƒ°p≈ \µn-]-Im-i\w AsXm∂p amX-am-sW-∂-bmƒ IcpXpw.

A]-Imcw Xs∂ NcnXw, kmº-Øn-I-imkvXw, cmjvS-ao-amwk,

\nbaw XpS-ßnb taJ-e-I-fn¬ \S-Øp∂ ]T\˛Kth-jW˛ \nco-£-W-

ß-fnepw Hcp apkvenw Hcn-°epw \ntj-[n-bpsS ]nd-In-em-bn-cn-°n√.

]t£, Ccp-h-cp-sSbpw ho£-W-ß-fn¬ henb A¥cw ImWpw. imkvX

]T\w \S-Øp∂ apkven-an\v icn-bmb ho£-Whpw ]hn-X-amb Dt±-

iyhpw D≠m-bn-cn°pw. X≥aqew Abmƒ icn-bmb \nK-a-\-ß-f-nse-Øn-

t®-cp∂p; NcnXw ]Tn-°p-tºmƒ a\p-jy-cm-in-bpsS `qX-Im-em-\p-`-h-ß-

fn¬\n∂v ]mT-apƒs°m-≈p∂p. P\-k-aq-l-ß-fpsS D∞m\˛]X-\-ßƒ°v

tlXp-hmbn h¿Øn® LS-I-ßfpw Ah-cpsS kwkvImc˛\mK-cn-I-X-I-

fn-e-¥¿ -hn® Pt\m-]-Im-c-]-Z-amb Imcy-ßfpw Abmƒ NnI-s™-Sp°pw.

F¶nepw Ah ]tbm-P-\-s∏-Sp-Øp-∂-Xn¬ kvIqƒ Ip´n-I-fp-sSbpw A]-cn-jvIr-X-cp-sSbpw at\m- m-h-amWv \mw ]Z¿in-∏n-°p-∂Xv.'' ]apJ Zm¿i-\n-I-\mb _¿S≠vd ¬ Fgp-Xp∂p: ""Iptd-°qSn sXfn-®p-]-d-bp-∂-Xm-bm¬, D]m-[n-Iƒ°p-th≠n a\p-jy-km-a¿Yyhpw e£y-ßƒ°p-th≠n a\p-jy-hn-UvVn-Øhpw XΩn¬ \S-°p∂Hcp ]¥-b-Øns‚ \Sp-°mWv \mw C∂p-≈Xv. hnh-c-t°Spw Imcy-£-a-X-bn-√m-bvabpwsIm≠mWv a\p-jy≥ C∂v hsc AXn-Po-hn-®n-´p-≈Xv. ⁄m\hpw Imcy-£-a-XbpwhnUvVn-Øhpw H∂p-tN¿∂-tXmsS `mhn IqSp-X¬ kwi-bm-kv]-Z-am-bn-cn-°-bmWv.⁄m\w i‡n-bmWv. \∑-s°-∂-t]mse Xn≥a-°pap≈ i‡n. ⁄m\w IqSp-∂-Xn-∂-\p-k-cn®v a\p-jy\v Xt‚Sw IqSm-Ø-]£w ⁄m\ h¿[\ bYm¿Y-Øn¬k¥m-]-h¿[-\-bm-bn-cn°pw.'' (Impact of S cience on S ociety pp. 120-121 )

as‰mcp ]apJ Nn¥-I≥ Cu hntcm-[m-`m-ksØ hnh-cn-°p-∂Xv ImWpI: ""hmbp-hn¬ ]d-h-I-sf-t∏mse ]d-°m\pw shf-f-Øn¬ a’y-sØ-t∏mse \o¥m\pw \mw]Tn-®n-cn-°p∂p. qan-bn¬ a\p-jy-s\-t∏mse Pohn-°m≥ amXw \ap-°-dn-™p-IqSm.''( Quoted by J oad in 'Counter A ttack F rom the E ast' p. 28 )

18

Ckvemw

F∂n´v D¬Ir-jvS-hn-`m-K-ß-fn¬ Is≠-Ønb KpW-hn-ti-j-ß-fp-]-tbm-

K-s∏-Sp-Øp-Ibpw Zpjn® kaq-l-ß-fpsS XI¿®°v \nZm-\-am-bn-Øo¿∂

Xn≥a-Isf Xnc-kvI-cn-°p-Ibpw sNøpw. kmº-ØnI cwK-Ø-bmƒ

GXm\pw hy‡n-Iƒ°v amXw em`w t\Sn-s°m-Sp-°p-Ibpw \nc-h[n

t]¿°v \jvSw hcp-Øn-sh-°p-Ibpw sNøp∂ hyh-ÿ-Iƒ°v ]Icw

a\p-jy-cm-in-s°m-cp-t]mse KpW-]-Z-amb [\m-K-a-\ -hyb coXn Bhn-

jvI-cn°pw. cmjvSo-b-ta-J-e-bn¬ Abm-fpsS apgp-i-≤bpw, temIØv

im¥nbpw kam-[m-\hpw \≥abpw \oXnbpw hnf-bm-Sm-\p-X-Ip∂ `c-

W-hy-hÿ ÿm]n-°p-∂-Xn-em-bn-cn°pw. Hcp hy‡ntbm I£ntbm

ssZh-Zm-k≥-amsc kz¥w Zmk≥am-cm°n am‰m-Xn-cn-°m≥ Abmƒ

i≤n°pw. c-W-sØbpw AXns‚ apgp-h≥ kzm[o-\-i-‡n-sbbpw ssZh-

Øns‚ A\m-a-Ømbn amXta Abmƒ KWn°q. amX-a√, Ahsb ssZh-

Zm-k≥am-cpsS t£ssaiz-cy-ßƒ°mbn D]-tbm-K-s∏-Sp-Øp-hm≥ ]c-am-

h[n ]cn-i-an-°p-Ibpw sNøpw. \nbaw ssIIm-cyw-sN-øp-tºmƒ P\-

ßƒ°v kºq¿W-\oXn ssIh-cp-Ø-em-bn-cn°pw Abm-fpsS e£yw ˛

A¿l-cm-b-h¿°v kz¥w Ah-Im-i-ßƒ \oXn-]q¿hw e`y-am-°p-Ibpw

Bcpw A\o-Xn°v hnt[-b-cm-hm-Xn-cn-°p-Ibpw sNøp∂ \nb-a-hy-hÿ.

apkven-ans‚ kz`m-h-Øn¬ ssZh- -‡nbpw kXy-k-‘-Xbpw k≥am¿-

K \njvTbpw D≠m-bn-cn°pw. k¿h-Øn-s‚bpw DSa ssZh-amWv; Xs‚bpw

a‰p-≈-h-cps-Sbpw ]°-ep-≈-sX√mw ssZh-Z-Ø-amWv; Xm≥ bmsXm-∂n-

s‚bpw DS-a-b√˛ kzi-co-c-Øns‚ t]mepw. kI-eXpw ssZh-Øns‚ A\m-

a-ØmWv; Ah ssIImcyw sNøm≥ X\n°v \¬I-s∏´ A[n-Imc kzmX-

¥y-ßsf Xm≥ ssZh-ln-X-Øn-s\mØv amXw ssIImcyw sNtø-≠-

Xp≠v; Hcp-\mƒ Cu A\m-aØv ssZhw Xncn-®p-hmßpw; A∂v Hmtcm

hkvXp-hn-s‚bpw IW°v Xm≥ t_m[n-∏n-t°-≠n-hcpw ˛ Cu t_m[w

Hmtcm apkven-an-s‚bpw a\- n¬ kPo-h-am-bn-cn°pw.

Cu t_m[-tØmsS PohnXw \bn-°p∂ a\p-jys‚ kz`mh KpW-

ßƒ F¥p-amXw D¬Ir-jvS-am-bn-cn°pw! Abm-fpsS a\ v Zp¿hn-Nm-c-

ß-fn¬\n∂v ap‡-am-bn-cn°pw; ZpjvNn-¥-Iƒ Abm-fpsS akvXn-jvI-Øn-

\-\y-am-bn-cn°pw; Xs‚ IÆp-Isf Xn≥a-I-fn¬\n-∂-bmƒ Xncn-®p-I-fbpw;

kt`y-X-c-am-b-h-bn¬\n∂v ImXp-I-f-S°pw. Abm-fpsS \mhv AkXyw

Dcn-bm-Sp-I-bn√. kz¥w Bam-i-b-Øn¬ \njn-≤-amb £Ww \nd-bv°p-

∂-Xnepw Abmƒ-°njvSw hni-∂n-cn-°p-∂-Xm-bn-cn°pw. Abm-fpsS Ic-

ßƒ, \ymb-an-√msX, A\y¿°v t\sc Db-cp-I-bn√; Imep-Iƒ sX‰mb

19

Ckvemw

hgn-bn¬ Ncn-°p-Ibpan√; kz¥w inc- ns\, AXv tOZn-°-s∏-Sp-sa∂v

h∂m¬t]mepw, A\y-cpsS apºn-e-bmƒ Ip\n-°p-I-bn√. Xs‚ bmsXm-

cm-ibpw Bh-iyhpw AI-ahpw A\o-Xnbpw hgn ]q¿Øo-I-cn-°p-I-bn√.

\≥a-bp-sSbpw tijvT-X-bp-sSbpw aq¿Øn-bm-bn-cn-°p-a-bmƒ. Abmƒ°v

kXyw, k¿h-Ønepw hne-s∏-´-Xm-bn-cn°pw. AXn-∂p-th≠n Xs‚ apgp-

h≥ Bi-I-fp-a-bmƒ _en-b¿∏n°pw. kIe em`-ßfpw ]cn-Xy-Pn°pw

˛ kztZ-l-sØ-t∏mepw! h√ em`hpw ]Xo-£nt®m \jvSw bt∂m Ak-

Xy-hp-ambn Atijw Abmƒ kl-I-cn-°p-I-bn√. hnPbw AØ-c-°m¿°v

amXw A¿l-X-s∏-´-XmWv.

Cu a\p-jys\-°mƒ tijvT\pw am\y-\p-amb as‰m-cmƒ D≠m-hn√.

Imc-W-ap≠v. Abm-fpsS inc v ssZh-Øn-s‚-b-√msX a‰m-cpsS apºnepw

Ip\n-bp-∂n√. Abm-fpsS ssIIƒ ssZth-X-c≥am-cpsS apºn-te°v \ofp-

∂n√. At∏mƒ ]ns∂, Abmsf lo\Xzw _m[n-°p-∂-sX-ßs\? Cu

a\p-jy-s\-°mƒ i‡-\mb as‰m-cmfpw D≠m-hn√. ImcWw, Abmƒ°v

ssZh-sØ-sbm-gn®v a‰m-scbpw `b-an√. ssZh-Øn-¶¬\n∂-√msX A\p-

K-ltam HuZm-cytam Abm-fm-in-°p-∂n√. Cu a´n-ep≈ Hcmsf kXy-

Øn¬ \n∂v hyXn-N-en-∏n-°p-hm≥ Ign-bp∂ i‡n-tb-Xp≠v? Abm-fpsS

hnizmkw hne-°p-hm-ßm≥ GXv kº-Øn-\mWv km[y-am-hpI.

Cu hnizm-kn-sb-°mƒ sFiz-cy-hm-\mbn as‰m-cmfpw qap-J-Øp-≠m-

hn√. ImcWw, Abmƒ BUw-_-c-]n-b-\√; tZtl-O-I-fpsS ASn-a-b√.

Zpcbpw AXym¿Øn-bp-ap-≈-h-\√; \ymbhpw \nb-a-hn-t[-b-hp-amb A[zm-

\-^-e-Øn¬ kwXr-]vX-\m-W-bmƒ. \njn-≤-am¿K-Ønepw \nb-a-hn-cp-≤-

ambpw kzcq-]n® kº-Øn-t\mSv \nµbpw shdp∏pw amXta Abmƒ°p-

≠mIq. Abm-fXv Ah-⁄m-]q¿hw Xnc-kvI-cn°pw. a\x-im-¥nbpw kwXr-

]vXn-bp-am-Ip∂ kº-Øn-s\-°mƒ Aaq-ey-amb as‰¥v kzØmWv a\p-

jy\v e`n-°m-\p-≈Xv?

Cu a\p-jy-s\-°mƒ DØ-a-\mb Hcp kplrtØm Iq´p-Im-ct\m

D≠m-hn√. ImcWw, Abmƒ F√m-h-cp-sSbpw Ah-Imiw hI-sh®p

sImSp-°p∂p; Bcp-sSbpw Ah-Imiw A]-l-cn-°p-∂n√. k¿h-P-\-ß-

tfmSpw \≥a-sN-øp∂p. BtcmSpw Xn≥a-sN-øp-∂n√. k¿h-P-\-ß-fp-sSbpw

t£ssa-iz-cyßƒ°mbn ]h¿Øn-°p-∂p. F∂m¬, AXn\v bmsXmcp

]Xn-^e-hp-am-K-ln-°p-∂n√. P\-lr-Z-b-ßƒ kzbw Abm-fn-te-°m-

I¿jn-°-s∏-Sp∂p. Abmsf kvt\ln-°p-hm\pw _lp-am-\n-°p-hm\pw

20

Ckvemw

kI-ecpw \n¿_-‘n-X-cm-bn-Øo-cp-Ibpw sNøp∂p.

Cu a\p-jys\-°mƒ k¿h-k-Ω-X\pw hniz-kvX-\p-ambn as‰m-cp-

Ø-\p-≠m-hn√. ImcWw, Abmƒ hnizm-k-h-©\ sNøp-I-bn√;

kXyw apdp-sI-∏n-Sn°pw; hmKvZØw ]men°pw; F¥n\pw tbmKy-\m-

bn-cn°pw; a‰p-≈-h¿ Xs∂ I≠m-ep-an-s√-¶nepw ssZhw ImWp-∂p-

s≠∂ t_m[-Øm-e-bmƒ k¿h-cw-KØpw kXy-k-‘X ]pe¿Øpw.

Cu a´n-ep≈ Hcmsf BcmWv hniz-kn-°m-Xn-cn-°pI? Hcp apkven-

ans‚ kz`m-h-N-cy-Iƒ ]Tn-°p-∂-]£w Abmƒ \oN\pw lo\\pw

]cm-Pn-X\pw A\y¿°-[o-\\pw Bbn-cn-°pI Hcn-°epw km[y-a-s√∂v

hy‡-amIpw. Abm-sf-t∏mgpw tPXmhpw A[n-Im-cnbpw D∂-X\pw

Xs∂ Bbn-cn°pw. ImcWw, Ah-\n-ep-f-hm-°p∂ tijvT-Kp-W-ßsf

AXn-P-bn-°p-hm≥ Hcp i‡n°pw km[y-am-hn√.

Cßs\, Cu temIØv am\y-X-tbmSpw tijvT-Kp-W-ß-tfmSpw

IqSn PohnXw \bn-®-tijw Ah≥ kz\m-Y-\mb ]]© kjvSm-

hns‚ Xncp-k-∂n-[n-bn¬ lmP-cm-hp∂p. At∏mƒ ssZhw Xs‚

kvt\lm-\p-K-l-ßfpw Icp-Wm-I-Sm-£-ßfpw Ahs‚ ta¬ h¿jn--

°p∂p. ImcWw, ssZhw Ah-s\-tb¬]n® A\m-aØv hcp-Øn-sh®

DØ-c-hm-Zn-Xz-ßƒ Abmƒ IrXy-ambn \nd-th-‰n-bn-cn-°p∂p. ssZh-

Øns‚ kIe ]co-£-Ifpw \qdp-i-X-am\w am¿t°msS Abmƒ hnP-

bn-®n-cn-°p∂p. CXtX, imiz-X -hn-Pbw. Cl-temIw sXm´v ]c-temIw

hsc XpS¿∂p-t]m-Ip∂, A\-¥-amb, al-Ø-c-amb hnPbw.

CXm-Wnkvemw ˛ ]IrXn aXw. Cu aXw Hcp ]tXyI kap-Zm-

b-tØmtSm cmPy-tØmtSm amX-ambn _‘-s∏-´-X√. F√m ImeØpw,

F√m cmPyØpw F√m kap-Zm-b-ß-fnepw Ign-™p-t]mb ssZh-`-‡cpw

21

Ckvemw

kXy-k-‘-cp-amb F√m k÷-\-ß-fp-sSbpw aX-am-bn-cp∂p CXv.

Nnecp-sS `mj-bn¬ AXns‚ t]¿ "Ckvemw' F∂m-bn-cp∂ncn°mw.

a‰p t]cp-I-fnepw AX-dn-b-s∏-´n-cn°mw. GXm-bmepw Ah-sc√mw

"apkvenw-'Iƒ Xs∂-bm-bn-cp∂p.

hnizm-khpw A\p-k-c-Whpw"Ckvemw' F∂Xv temI-\m-Y-\mb ssZhsØ A\p-k-cn-°p-∂-Xns‚

t]cm-sW∂v Ign™ A[ym-b-Øn¬\n∂v Kln-®p-ht√m. C\n ]d-bp-

∂Xv, A\p-k-c-W-Øn\v Adn-hn-s‚bpw ZrVhn-izm-k-Øn-s‚bpw Bh-

iy-I-X-sb-°p-dn-®mWv. a\p-jy≥ Nne kwK-Xn-Iƒ Adn-bp-Ibpw B Adn-

hv ZrV-hn-izm-k-ambn amdp-Ibpw sNømØ Ime-tØmfw Ah∂v ssZh-

sØ A\p-k-cn-°pI km[y-a√. H∂m-a-Xmbn, ssZh-Øns‚ BkvXn-Iy-

sØ-°p-dn®v a\p-jy∂v ]q¿W-amb Dd-∏p-≠m-bn-cn-°Ww. ssZhw Ds≠-

∂p≈ hnizmkw Xs∂ C√m-Ø-h∂v ssZhsØ A\p-k-cn-°m-\m-hn-

√t√m. AtXm-sSm∏w ssZhnI kØ-bpsS KpW-ß-sf-°p-dn-®p≈ Adn-

hpw thWw. ssZhw GI-\m-sW∂pw Ah∂v Xpey-ambn H∂p-an-s√∂pw

Ad-nbmØ Hcmƒ A\y-cpsS apºn¬ Xe-Ip-\n-°p-Ibpw ssI\o- p-Ibpw

sNøpI kzm`m-hnIw. AXp-t]mseØs∂ ssZhw F√mw tIƒ°p-∂-

h\pw Adn-bp-∂-h-\p-am-sW∂v Hcmƒ°-dn-bn-s√-¶n¬ ssZhnI \nb-a-ßƒ

ewLn-°p-∂-Xn¬\n∂v kzbw XS-bm≥ Abmƒs°-ßs\ Ignbpw?

ssZhn-I-Kp-W-ß-sf-°p-dn-®p≈ icn-bmb Adn-hns‚ A`m-h-Øn¬ C-

kvemw \njvI¿jn-°p∂ BZ¿i-]-chpw I¿a-]-c-hp-amb kZv]-Ÿm-hn¬

Ncn-°p-hm≥ a\p-jy∂v km[y-am-hn√. Ckvemw hn`m-h\ sNøp∂

hnin-jvS-Kp-W-ßƒ Abm-fn¬ Df-hm-Ip-I-bp-an√. F∂m¬, ]kvXpX

22

Ckvemw

Adnhv tIh-e-amb Adnhv amX-am-bm¬ t]mcm. adn®v, AXn-s∂-Xn-

cmb Nn¥-I-fn¬\n∂v a\ pw AXn∂v hncp-≤-amb I¿a-ß-fn¬\n∂v

Pohn-Xhpw ap‡-am-I-Ø-°-hÆw AXv Dd-®-hn-izm-k-ambn amdWw.

]n∂oSv, ssZhm-`o-jvS-a-\p-k-cn®v PohnXw \bn-°p-hm-\p≈ am¿K-

ta-sX-∂-dn-bWw. ssZh-Øns‚ lnXm-ln-X-ß-f-dn-bWw. ssZhw CjvS-

s∏-Sp-∂Xpw shdp-°p-∂-Xp-sa-s¥m-s°-sb∂v a\- n-em-°Ww. Cu

Adnhv, ssZhnI \nb-a-hy-h-ÿ-I-sf-°p-dn-®p≈ ]q¿W-⁄m-\-

Øn¬\nt∂ e`n°q. B hyh-ÿ-Iƒ ssZh-Øn-t‚Xv Xs∂-bm-

sW∂pw Ah ]n¥p-S-cp-∂-Xn-eqsS amXta ssZh-]oXn e`n°q

F∂pap≈ ZrV-hn-izm-khpw thWw. ImcWw, ssZhn-I-\n-b-a-ß-sf-

°p-dn®v A⁄-\mb Hcmƒ GXv \nb-a-ß-fmW-\p-k-cn-°pI? C\n,

Adn-hp-s≠-¶n¬Øs∂ ZrV-hn-izm-k-an-s√-¶ntem? As√-¶n¬,

ssZhnI \nb-a-hy-h-k-vY-I-sf-t∏mse a‰p -\n-b-a-hy-h-ÿ-Ifpw icn-

bm-bn-cn -°m-sa-∂-h≥ hnNm-cn-°p-∂p-s≠-¶ntem? Hcn-°-ep-a-h∂v

ssZhnI \nb-a-hy-h-ÿsb IrXy-amtbm ]q¿W-amtbm A\p-k-cn-°m-

\m-hn√.

Cu Adn-hn\pw ZrV-hn-izm-k-Øn\pw tijw th≠Xv ssZh-[n-

°m-c-Øns‚ `hn-jy-Øn-s\-°p-dn®pw ssZhm-\p-k-c-W-Øns‚ kZv^-

e-sØ-°p-dn®pap≈ Adn-hmWv. ]c-tem-I-Po-hn-X-sØ-bpw ssZh-k-

∂n-[n-bn¬ lmP-cm-Ip-∂-Xn-s\bpw Ipdn®pw Ahn-SsØ c£m in£-

Isf∏‰nbpw ]q¿W-amb Adnhpw AXn-¬ Dd® hnizm-khpw D≠m-

bn-cn-°-Ww. ]c-temI Pohn-XsØ°p-dn®v A⁄-\mb Hcmƒ A\p-

k-c-W-Øn-s‚bpw [n°m-c-Øn-s‚bpw ^e-Øn¬ F¥v hyXym-k-amWv

ImWpI? A\p-k-cn-®-h\pw [n°-cn-®-h\pw Ahs‚ IÆn¬ kaw.

Ccp-hcpw \in®v aÆm-bn-t∏m-hp-I-bmWv. F∂n-cns°, ssZhm-\p-k-c-

W-Øns‚ \n_-‘-\-Ifpw AXp hcp-Øn-sh-°p∂ ]bm-k-ßfpw

kln-°m≥ Abmƒ Xøm-dm-Iptam? Cl-tem-IØv IjvS-\-jvS-ßƒ

G‰p-hm-ßn-s°m≠v Abmƒ ]m]-ßfpw Ip‰-Ir-Xy-ßfpw shSn-bp-sa∂v

]Xo-£n-°mtam? Cu Ah-ÿ-bn¬ a\p-jy≥ ssZhnI \nb-a-ß-

tfmSv Iqdp-≈-h-\m-hp-I-bn√. C\n-sbm-cmƒ°v ]c-tem-I-sØ-°p-dn®pw

ssZh-Øns‚ tImS-Xn-sb-°p-dn®pw Adn-hp≠v. ]t£, Ah-bn¬ ZrV-

hn-izm-k-an-s√-¶ntem? ssZhm-\p-k-c-W-Øn¬ ASn-bp-d-®p-\n-ev°m-

\m-hn√. kwi-bhpw ktµlhpw a\p-jys\ H∂nepw Dd-∏n-®p-\n¿Øp-

23

Ckvemw

I-bn√. Hcp ]hrØn ^e-]-Z-sa-∂p-d-∏p-s≠-¶nte \nß-fXv a\- n-

cpØn sNøp-I-bp-ffq. AXp-t]mse tZmj-I-c-am-sW∂ ZrV-hn-izm-

k-ap-s≠-¶nte \nßƒ°Xv kzta-[bm h¿Pn-°m-\mhq. AXn-\m¬,

Hcp am¿Kw Ah-ew-_n-°p-hm≥ AX-h-ew-_n-®m-ep-≠m-Ip∂ ]cn-Wm-

a-sØbpw A¥y-^-e-sØbpw Ipdn-®p≈ Adnhv Hgn-®p-IqSm-Ø-XmWv.

B Adnhv ZrV-hn-izm-k-ambn cq]m-¥cw ]m]n-°p-Ibpw thWw.

"hnizmk'Øns‚ A¿Yw

"Adnhv', "ZrV-hn-izmkw' F∂o ]Z-ß-fpsS Ad_n i_vZ-asX

"Cuam≥' (hnizmkw). icn-bmbn Adn-bp-Ibpw t_m[-]q¿hw AwKo-I-

cn-°p-Ibpw sNøpI F∂mWv "Cuam≥' F∂ ]Z-Øns‚ ]q¿W-amb

A¿Yw. Aßs\ sNøp-∂-hs\ "apA-van≥' F∂pw ]d-bp∂p. ssZh-

Øns‚ GI-Xbpw Ahs‚ kØm-Kp-W-ßfpw \nb-a-hy-h-ÿbpw c£m-

in-£-Ifpw Adn™v Ah-bn¬ ZrV-ambn hnizkn-°p-∂-h\mWv apAvan≥

(hnizmkn). a\p-jy≥ "apkvenw'* Bbn-Øo-cpI F∂-XmWv "Cuams‚'

^ew.

"Cuam≥' C√msX B¿°pw apkven-am-hpI km[y-as√∂v Cu hni-

Zo-I-cWw hy‡-am-°p∂p. kky-ßƒ°v Ah-bpsS hnØp-am-bp≈ _‘-

amWv Cuam∂v Ckvem-ap-am-bp-≈Xv. hnØn-√msX kky-ap-≠m-Im-Ø-

Xp-t]mse Cuam-\n-√msX Ckvem-ap-an√. ]mInb hnØv, aÆns‚ ]pjvSn-

°p-dthm Imem-h-ÿ-bpsS ]mXn-Iq-eytam aqew, \∂mbn hf¿∂n-s√∂p

hcmw. AXp-t]mse Cuams‚ _e-lo-\-Xtbm in£W˛]cn-io-e-\-ß-

fpsS t]mcm-bvatbm Iq´p-sI-´p-I-fpsS Zpxkzm-[o-\tam aqew Hcmƒ

]q¿W\pw ]Iz-\p-amb apkvenw BIm-sX-bp-an-cn°mw.

Cuam-s‚bpw Ckvem-an-s‚bpw ASn-ÿm-\-Øn¬ a\p-jysc \membn

Xcw Xncn°mw:

1. ZrV-ambn hniz-kn-°p-Ibpw B hnizm-k-Øm¬ ]tNm-Zn-X-cmbn

ssZh-I-¬]-\-Iƒ ]q¿W-ambn inc-km-h-ln-°p-Ibpw sNøp-∂-h¿. ssZhw

shdp-°p-∂- Im-cy-ß-fn¬\n∂v Ah¿ A·n-bn¬ \ns∂-∂-t]mse hn´p-

\n¬°pw. ssZh-an-jvS-s∏-Sp∂ Imcy-ßƒ°mbn, [\-k-ºm-Z-\m¿Yw

kmthiw ]h¿Øn-°p-∂-t]mse A[zm-\n°pw. Ch-ctX km£m¬

apkvenw-Iƒ.

* ssZhsØ amXw A\p-k-cn®v Pohn-°p-∂-h≥.

24

Ckvemw

2. hnizm-kn-I-sf-¶nepw, ssZh-Øn\v kºq¿W-ambn ka¿∏n-°m≥

kzbw t]cn-∏n-°m≥ amXw hnizm-k-Øn\v i‡n-bn-√m-Ø-h¿. Ch-cpsS

]Zhn A¬]w Xmsg-bm-sW-¶nepw apkvenw-IƒXs∂. Ch¿ \nb-a-ew-

L-Icpw AXn-∂p≈ in£°v A¿l-cp-amWv. ]t£, Ah-cpsS ÿnXn

cmPy-tZm-ln-I-fp-tStXm [n°m-cn-I-fp-tStXm A√; shdpw Ip‰-hm-fn-I-fp-

tSXv amX-amWv. ImcWw, Ah¿ cmPm-hns\ kΩ-Xn-°p-Ibpw cmP-\n-b-

a-ßsf \nb-a-ambn AwKo-I-cn-°p-Ibpw sNøp-∂p≠v.

3. hnizmkw Xosc-bn-s√-¶nepw ]pdta, ssZhn-I-\n-b-a-ßƒ A\p-

k-cn-°p-∂-h¿. Ch¿ kXy-Øn¬, cmPy-tZm-ln-I-fmWv. Ch-cpsS ]pdw-

]q®v bYm¿Y-Øn¬ ssZh-tØm-Sp≈ A\p -k-c -W-a√. AXn -

\m¬Øs∂, ]cn-K-Wn-°-s∏-tS-≠-Xp-a√. cmPm-hns\ cmPm-hmbpw cmP-

Io-b -\n-b-a-ßsf bYm¿Y- \n-b-a-ß-fmbpw AwKo-I-cn-°m-Ø-h-sc-

t∏m-se-bm-Wn-h¿. ]pdta, cmP-\n-b-a-ß-f-\p-k-cn-°p-∂p-s≠-¶nepw

Ah¿ cmPm-hn\v Iogvs∏-´-hcpw cmP-Iob \nb-a-ß-tfmSv Iqdp-≈-hcpw

BsW∂v ]d-bpI hø. GXp-\n-e°pw cmPy-tZm-ln-I-fpsS Iq´-Øn-

em-W-h-cpsS ÿm\w.

4. hnizmkw H´p-an-√m-Ø-tXm-sSm∏w Zp¿am¿Kn-Ifpw Zpcm-Nm-cn-I-

fp-am-b-h¿. G‰hpw XmW-]-Sn-bn-em-Wn-h¿. ImcWw, Ch¿ [n°m-cn-

I-fpw cmPy-tZm-ln-I-fp-am-b-tXm-sSm∏w Zp¿hr-Øcpw \mi-Im-cn-I-fpw-

Iq-Sn-bmWv.

Cu hn`-P-\-Øn¬\n∂v Hcp Imcyw hy‡-am-Ip∂p ˛ a\p-jys‚

hnP-b-ku- m-Ky-ßƒ \ne-sIm-≈p-∂Xv Cuams\ Bi-bn-®mWv; Ckvemw

˛ AXv ]q¿Wtam A]q¿Wtam BIs´˛ Cuam-\m-Ip∂ hnØn¬\nt∂

apf-®p-hcq. Cuam≥ C√m-Øn-SØv Ckvemapw D≠m-In√ ]Icw "Ip v¿'

BWp-≠m-hpI. AXns‚ as‰mcp t]cmWv "_Km-hØv'. cmPy-tZmlw,

[n°mcw, \nb-a-ew-L\w Fs∂m-s°-bm-W-Xn-∂¿Yw. AXp Nne-t∏mƒ

Kpcp-X-c-amIpw a‰p Nne-t∏mƒ \n m-chpw. AXv amX-amWv hyXymkw.

⁄m\-e-_v[n-bpsS am¿K-ßƒ

A\p-k-c-W-Øn\v hnizmkw AXy-¥m-t]-£n-X-amWv. hnizm-k-Øn\v

⁄m\hpw ssZhn-I-Kp-W-ß-sfbpw ssZhnI hyh-ÿ-sbbpw ]c-temI

Pohn-X-sØbpw Ipdn-®p≈ ⁄m\w; ZrV-hn-izm-k-Øn-te°v \bn-

°p∂ bYm¿Y ⁄m\w. Cu ⁄m\w Fhn-sS-\n∂v, Fßs\

25

Ckvemw

e`n°pw? CXmWv ASpØ N¿®m-hn-jbw.

AXn-a-l-Ømb Cu ]]©w Hcp kjvSm-hns‚ krjvSn-bmWv;

Ah≥ Xs∂-bmWv AXv \nb-¥n®v \S-Øp-∂Xv. Cu kXy-Øn\v

km£n \n¬°p∂ ssZhnI ZrjvSm-¥-ßƒ Cu ]]-©-Øn-seßpw

hym]n®p InS-∏p≠v. - C°m-cy-ß-sf√mw apºv hnh-cn-®p-ht√m. ]kvXpX

ZrjvSm-¥-ß-fn¬ k¿h ssZhnI KpW-ßfpw ]I-S-ambn ImWmw. bp‡n,

i‡n, ss\]pWyw, ⁄m\w, ImcpWyw, kpc£, k¿hm-[n-]Xyw

XpSßn F√mw. F∂m¬, CuZri Imcy-ßƒ ho£n®v Kln-°p-∂-Xn¬

a\p-jy-_p-≤n°v Gsd-°psd ]nghv ]‰n-bn-cn-°p∂p. ]kvXpX ZrjvSm-

¥-ß-sf√mw apºn-ep-≠m-bn´pw Nne¿ ssZhw c≠p-s≠∂pw a‰p Nne¿

aq∂p-s≠∂pw thsd Nne¿ \nc-h-[n-bp-s≠∂pw hmZn®pIf™p. \mem-

a-sXmcp Iq´¿ Znhy-XzsØ ]e-Xmbn mKn®p. ag-s°mcp ssZhw, Im‰n\v

Hcp -ssZhw, AKv\n-s°mcp ssZhw F∂n-ßs\. ]kvXpX ssZh-ßƒ-

s°√mw t\Xm-hmbn Hcp henb ssZhhpw. Cu hn[w ssZh-sØbpw

Ahs‚ KpW-ß-sfbpw Kln-°p-∂-Xn¬ a\p-jy-_p-≤n°v ]nghv ]‰n-

t∏m-bn-´p≠v. Ah-sb√mw khn-kvXcw ]Xn-]m-Zn-°m≥ ChnsS kµ¿`-

an√.

ac-Wm-\-¥-c -Po-hn-X-sØ-°p-dn® ImgvN-∏m-Snepw P\-ßƒ°v sX‰p-

]‰n. ac-W-tØmsS a\p-jy≥ aÆm-bn-t∏m-Ip∂p; ]ns∂ as‰mcp Pohn-X-

ta-bn√ ˛ Nne¿ hmZn®p. a\p-jy≥ Xs‚ I¿a-^-e-ßƒ A\p-`-hn-°m-

\mbn ]p\¿P≥a-sa-SpØv Cu temI-tØ°v Xs∂ ho≠pw ho≠pw Xncn-

®p-h-cp-∂p-sh-∂mWv a‰p Nne-cpsS hmZw.

ssZh-ln-X-Øn-s\mØv Pohn-°m-\m-h-iy-amb \nb-a-ßƒ a\p-jy\v

kz¥w bp‡n-bp-]-tbm-Kn®v \n¿an-°mtam? hfsc ZpjvI-c-amb Hcp tPmen-

bm-WXv. a\pjy_p≤n Xo¿Øpw Ip‰-a-‰Xpw Ahs‚ ssh⁄m-\nI

kn≤n A]m-chpw BsW∂v k¶¬]n-°pI. AXp-]-tbm-Kn®v \nc-h[n

kwh-’-c-ß-fnse ]co-£-W-\n-co-£-W-ßƒ°p tijw XZzn-j-b-Øn¬

GXm-s≠m-c-`n-]mbw cq]o-I-cn-°m≥ Ah∂v Ign-t™°pw. F∂m¬,

At∏mgpw Xm≥ ]q¿W-ambpw kXyw Is≠-Øn-°-gn-™-psh∂v Dd-∏n-

°m≥ Ah-∂m-hn√. bmsXm-cp -am¿K-Z¿i-\hpw \¬ImsX a\p-jys\

kzX-¥-\mbn hn´-tijw Ah-t\mSv kz¥w _p≤nbpw Ign-hp-ap-]-tbm-

Kn®v kXyw I≠p-]n-Sn-°m-\m-h-iy-s∏-SpI, I≠p ]nSn-®-hsc tPXm-

°-fmbpw A√m-Ø-hsc tXm‰-h-cmbpw KWn-°pI ˛ CXmWv a\p-jy-

26

Ckvemw

_p-≤n-bpsS ta¬ \S-Ømhp∂ kºq¿W ]co£. F∂m¬, Icp-

Wm-a-b-\m-b -ssZhw kzZm-k≥amsc AØcw AXn-I-Tn-\-amb Hcp

]co-£°v hnt[-b-\m-°p-∂n√. adn®v, Xs‚ Imcp-Wym-Xn-tc-I-Øm¬,

Ah≥, a\p-jy-cn¬\n-s∂mcp hn`m-KsØ ]tXyIw sXc-s™-SpØv

Xs‚ KpW-ßsf kw_-‘n® icn-bmb ⁄m\w Ah¿°v \¬In.

Xs‚ lnX-Øn-s\mØv PohnXw \bn-°p-hm-\p≈ am¿K-ta-sX∂v

Ahsc Adn-bn®p. ]c-temI Pohn-X-sØ-°p-dn-®p≈ bYm¿Y hnh-c-

ßƒ Ah¿°p \¬In. F∂n´v Ah-tcmSv a‰p P\-ßƒ°v Ah FØn-

®p-sIm-Sp-°-W-sa∂v \n¿tZ-in®p. Ah-cmWv ssZh-Øns‚ ]hm-N-

I≥am¿. Ah¿°v B ⁄m\w \¬Inb coXnsb Znhy-t_m-[\w1

F∂v ]d-bp∂p. Ah¿°v \¬Inb KŸsØ ssZh-KŸw2 Ft∂m

ssZh-hmIyw3 Ft∂m hnfn-°p∂p. CtXmsS, a\p-jy-_p-≤nbpw hnth-

Ihpw as‰mcp hn[-Øn-ep≈ ]co-£°v hnt[-b-am-°-s∏-Sp-I-bmbn.

]hm-N-I≥am-cpsS D¬IrjvS PohnXw I≠pw, Ah-cpsS DZm-Ø-am-

XrI ]Tn®pw a\p-jy¿ At±-lsØ ]hm-N-I-\mbn hniz-kn-°p-

∂pt≠m Ct√ F∂-XmWm ]co£. Ah≥ kXy-k-‘\pw kXy-

tk-h-I-\p-am-sW-¶n¬ kXy-sØbpw kXyw DZvt_m-[n-∏n-°p-∂-h-sc-

bpw kzoI-cn®v ]co£ Pbn°pw. kzoI-cn-°p-∂n-s√-¶n-e-Xns‚ A¿Yw

kz¥w Kl-W-tijn Ah≥ ]mgm-°n-°-f-™p-sh∂v amXw. B

\ntj-[w Ahs\ ]co-£-bn¬ ]cm-Pn-X-\m-°p∂p. amX-a√, ssZh-

sØbpw ssZhnI \nb-a-hy-h-ÿ-sbbpw Ipdn-®p≈ bYm¿Y ⁄m\w

Ic-K-X-am-°p-hm≥ Hcn-°epw Ah∂v km[n-®n-s√∂pw hcpw.

AZriy Imcy-ß-fn-ep≈ hnizmkw

\ap-s°mcp Imcyw Adn-bn-s√-¶n-se-¥mWv sNøpI? Adn-hp-≈-

hsc kao-]n°pw; Ah-cpsS \n¿tZiw kzoI-cn°pw. tcmKw _m[n-

®mtem? kzbw NnIn-’n-°p-∂-Xn-\p-]-Icw Hcp tUmIvSsd kao-]n°pw.

tUmIvS-dpsS tbmKy-Xbpw ]i-kvXnbpw ]cn-N-bhpw aqew B

tUmIvS¿°v \sΩ NnIn-’n-°m-\p≈ Ign-hp-s≠∂v \mw hniz-kn-

°p∂p. B hnizm -k-Øn -s‚ ASn -ÿm-\ -Øn -emWv Abmƒ

Ipdn®pXcp∂ acp∂v Ign-°p-∂Xpw Dt]-£n-°m≥ ]d-™h h¿Pn-

°p-∂Xpw. \nb-a-]-iv\-ß-fn¬ D]-tZiw tXSm≥ \msamcp h°o-ens\

kao-]n-°p-Ibpw Abmƒ ]d-bp-∂Xv hniz-kn-°p-Ibpw A\p-k-cn-°p-

1. hlvbv 2. InXm-_p-√mln 3. Iem-ap-√mln

27

Ckvemw

Ibpw sNøpw. hnZym-k-ºm-Z-\-Øn¬ Kpcp-\m-Ys\ hniz-kn-°p∂p;

At±lw ]Tn-∏n-®p-X-cp-∂Xv A∏Sn AwKo-I-cn-°p∂p. bmX-bn¬ hgn-

b-dn-bmsX h∂m¬, Adn-hp-≈-hsc \mw hniz-kn-°p-Ibpw Ah¿

ImWn®pXcp∂ hgn°v bmX XpS-cp-Ibpw sNøp∂p. Npcp-°-Øn¬,

euInI Imcy-ß-fn¬ Adnhv t\Sp-hm≥ Adn-hp-≈-hsc hniz-kn-°p-

hm\pw A\p-k-cn-°p-hm\pw \mw \n¿_-‘n-X-cmWv. CXn-∂mWv AZr-

iy-Im-cy-ß-fn-ep≈ hnizmkw F∂v ]d-bp-∂Xv.

AZr-iy-Im-cy-ß-fn¬ hniz-kn-°pI F∂-Xns‚ A¿Yw \ap-°-dn-

hn-√mØ Imcy-ßƒ Adn-hp-≈-h-cn¬\n∂v ]Tn-°p-Ibpw AXn¬ Dd®v

hniz-kn-°p-Ibpw sNøpI F∂tX. ]]-©-\m-Y-\mb ssZh-sØbpw

Ahs‚ KpW-ß-sfbpw Ipdn®v \ap-°-dn-hn√; ssZh-Øns‚ ae-°p-

Iƒ ssZh-\n-b-a-ßƒ°v hgn-s∏´v temI Imcy-ßƒ \S-Øn-s°m-≠n-

cn-°p∂p F∂v \ap-°-dn-hn√. Ah¿ \sΩ hebw sNbvXn-cn-°-bm-

sW∂pw \ap-°-dn-™p-IqSm. ssZh-ln-X-Øn-s\mØv Pohn-°p-hm-\p≈

kXy-am¿K-ta-sX∂ Imcyhpw \ap-°-⁄m-X-amWv. ]c-temI Pohn-

X-sØ-°p-dn®pw \ap°v th≠X ⁄m\-an√. AXn-\m¬, ]kvXpX

kwK-Xn-Iƒ Adn-bp∂ Hcmsf I≠p]nSn-t°-≠Xv Bh-iy-ambn

hcp∂p. Hcm-fpsS k≥am¿K-\n-jvTbpw kXy-k-‘-Xbpw ssZh-`-

‡nbpw PohnX hnip-≤nbpw bp‡n-bp-‡-amb kwkm-chpw I≠v,

Abmƒ ]-d-bp-∂Xv kXyhpw hniz-k-\o-b-hp-am-sW∂v kΩ-Xn-°p-

∂p-sh-¶n¬ \mw hniz-kn-°p-∂Xv AZr-iy-Im-cy-ß-fn-emWv. ssZhsØ

A\p-k-cn-°p-hm\pw ssZh-ln-X-Øn-s\mØv Pohn-°p-hm\pw AZr-iy-

Im-cy-ß-fn-ep≈ Adnhpw hnizm-khpw Hgn-®p-Iq-Sm-Ø-XmWv. Cu

Adnhv ]hm-N-I≥am-cn¬\nt∂ e`n°q.

28

Ckvemw

]hm-N-IXzwIgn™ A[ym-b-Øn¬ aq∂v Imcy-ß-fmWv hnh-cn -®Xv: H∂v:

ssZhsØ A\p-k-cn®v Pohn-°p-hm≥ ssZh-Øns‚ kØ, KpW-ßƒ,

ssZhn-I-am¿Kw, ]c-tem-I-Ønse c£m-in-£-Iƒ F∂nh kw_-‘n®v

icn-bmb ⁄m\hpw AXn¬ hnizm-khpw D≠m-bn-cn-°Ww. c≠v:

]kvXpX ⁄m\w kz]-cn-i-a-Øm¬ kzmb-Ø-am-°pI F∂ ITn\

]co-£-W-Øn\v ssZhw a\p-jys\ hnt[-b-am-°n-bn-√. adn®v, AXv

Znhy-t_m-[\w hgn Nne tijvT-hy-‡n-Iƒ°v (]hm-N-I≥am¿°v)

\¬Ip-Ibpw a‰p-≈-h¿°Xv FØn-®p-sIm-Sp-°p-hm≥ ]hm-N-I≥am-

tcmSv B⁄m-]n-°p-I-bp-amWv sNbvXXv. aq∂v: P\-ß-fpsS Npa-Xe

B ]hm-N-Is\ Xncn-®-dn-bpI F∂XmWv. IWn-i-amb ]cn-tim-[-\-

Iƒ°ptijw Hcmƒ kXy-k-‘-\mb ]hm-N-I-\m-sW∂v t_m-[y-

s∏ -´p -I -g n -™m¬ At± -l-Øn¬ hniz -kn -°p -Ibpw At±lw

ssIs°m≠ am¿Kw sX√pw ]ng-°msX A\p-[m-h\w sNøp-I-bp-

amWv th≠Xv.

F∂m¬, ]hm-N-I≥amsc Xncn-®-dn-bp-hm-s\-¥mWv hgn?

]hm-N-I-Xz-Øns‚ bmYm¿Yyw

a\p-jy-∂m-h-iy-ap≈ hkvXp-°-sf√mw ssZh-an-hnsS Hcp-°n-sh-

®n-´p-s≠∂v ImWmw. P\n-°p∂ Hcp Ip™ns\ t\m°q: Fs¥ms°

kma-Kn-I-fp-am-bmWv Ah\o temI-tØ°v hcp-∂Xv. ImWm≥ IÆv,

tIƒ-°m≥ ImXv, izk-\-Øn\v aq°v, kv]¿i-\-i-‡n°v N¿aw, \S-

°m≥ Imep-Iƒ, ]Wn-sb-Sp-°m≥ ssIIƒ, Nn¥n-°m≥ akvXnjvIw

˛ Aß-s\-sb-s¥√mw! Ch-sb√mw ap≥Iq´n Xs∂ Ip™ns‚ sIm®p-

i-co-c-Øn¬ k÷-am-°-s∏-´n-cn-°p∂p. Cu temIØv FØn-t®¿∂-

tijw Pohn-°m≥ th≠ kma-Kn-Ifpw kpk÷w. hmbp, shfn®w,

29

Ckvemw

NqSv, sh≈w, `qan F∂n-h°p ]pdta, amXm-hns‚ amdn-S-Øn¬ ]m¬.

amXm-]n-Xm-°-fp-sSbpw IpSpw-_mw-K-ß-fp-sSbpw amX-a√, A\y-cp-sS-

t]mepw kvt\l-hm-’-ey-ßƒ; emf-\-Iƒ. Aßs\ B Ip™v hf-

cp-t¥mdpw Ahs‚ Bh-iy-ßƒ ]q¿Øo-I-cn-°p-hm-\p≈ kIe

hkvXp-°fpw ]Sn-]-Sn-bmbn Ah∂v e`n-®p-sIm-≠n-cn-°p∂p ˛ BImi

`qan-I-fnse kIe i‡n-Ifpw Ahs\ hf¿Øp-∂-Xn¬ _≤-i-≤-

cm-b-Xp-t]mse!

amX-a√, kI-e-hn[ Ign-hp-Ifpw a\p-jy∂v \¬I-s∏-´n-cn-°p∂p.

Imb-_ew, _p≤n, Kl-W-i‡n, kwkmc tijn XpSßn \nc-h[n Ign-

hp-Iƒ. C°m-cy-Øn¬ ssZhw hnkva-bm-h-l-amb Hcp hyhÿ D≠m-

°n-bXmbn ImWmw. Ign-hp-Iƒ F√m-h-cnepw Htc A\p-]m-X-Øn-e√!

Bbn-cp-s∂-¶n¬ a\p-jy¿ ]c-kv]cw Bi-bn-°p-Itbm hne-sh-°p-I-

tbm sNøp-am-bn-cp-∂n√. a\p-jy-cm-in-bpsS s]mXp-hmb Bhiyw ap≥-

\n¿Øn Ign-hp-I-sf√mw a\p-jy¿°p-Xs∂ \¬Inb ssZhw Hmtcm-cp-

Ø¿°pw \¬Inb Ign-hns‚ tXmXnepw A\p-]m-X-Ønepw t`Zw I¬]n-

®p. Nne¿°v Imb-_ew IqSp-X¬ \¬In-b-t∏mƒ a‰p Nne¿°v Iem-hm-

k\bpw sXmgn¬ ss\]p-Wy-hp-amWv ]Zm\w sNbvXXv. Nne¿°v _p≤n-

i‡n IqSp-X¬; a‰p Nne-cn¬ t\XrXz hmk-\bpw. `c-W-ti-jn-bmWv

Nne-cn¬ apg-®p-\n¬°p-∂Xv. Akm-am-\y-amb hmNm-e-X-bmWv Nne-cpsS

khn-ti-j-X-sb-¶n¬ a‰p Nne¿ IrX-l-kvX-cmb Fgp-Øp-Im-cmWv.

KWn-X-im-kvX-Ønse AXn-Zp-jvI-c-amb hnj-a-]-iv\-ßƒ°v ]cn-

lmcw ImWp-∂-Xn¬ anSp-°-cmWv Nne¿. a‰p Nne¿ imkvXob I≠p-

]n-Sn-Ø-ßƒsIm≠v temIsØ hnkva-bn-∏n-°p∂p. ]Ir-Xym-Xs∂

\nb-a-Øn¬ X¬]-c-cmWv Hcp Iq´¿. a‰p-≈-h¿ h¿j-ß-tfmfw Nn¥n-

®n´pw ]nSn-In-´mØ t]mbn‚p-I-fn¬ Ah-cpsS Nn¥ \njv]-bmkw

sNs∂-Øp∂p. CsX√mw ssZh-Øns‚ al-Ømb bp‡n-bpsS ^e-

atX. Cu Ign-hp-I-sfm∂pw hy‡n-Iƒ kzbw krjvSn-°p-∂-h-b√.

]cn-io-e-\w-sIm≠v kzmb-Ø-am-hp-∂-Xp-a√. P≥a-kn-≤am-Wh. ssZhw

kz¥w bp-‡n°pw Dt±-iy-Øn-\p-samØv Hmtcm-cp-Ø¿°pw \¬In-

bn-´p-≈h.

ssZhw Ign-hp-Iƒ Zm\w sNbvX coXn ]cn-tim-[n-®m¬ Hcp Imcyw

-hy‡-amIpw. kmaqly Pohn-X-Øn¬ IqSp-Xemh-iy-amb Ign-hp-Iƒ IqSp-

X-em-fp-Iƒ°pw Bhiyw Ipd-hp-≈h Ipd™ Bfp-Iƒ°v amX-ambpw

\¬Ip-I-bmWv sNbvXn-cn-°p-∂Xv. tbm≤m-°ƒ, I¿j-I¿, Bim-cn-am¿

30

Ckvemw

XpS-ßn-b-h¿ [mcmfw P\n-°p∂p. sshPvRm-\nI kn≤n, cmPy-X-¥-

⁄X, tk\m-\m-b-IXzw XpS-ßn-bhsIm≠-\p-Kr-lo-X-cm-b-h¿ Ipd-hm-

tb ImWq. Hcp ]tXyI Ie-bn¬ Akm-[m-cW ss\]p-Wy-ap-≈-h¿

AXnepw Ipd-hm-bn-cn°pw. ImcWw, AØcw Hcp hy‡n-bpsS kw`m-h-

\-Iƒ \q‰m-≠p-I-tfmfw AØ-c-Øn-ep≈ as‰mcp hnZ-Kv[s‚ Bh-iy-

an-√m-Xm-°p∂p.

ChnsS Hcp tNmZy-ap-b-cp∂p. Pohn-X-hn-P-b-Øn\v, Iptd F©n-\o-

b¿amcpw imkvX-⁄≥amcpw XØz-⁄m-\n-Ifpw \nb-a-]-Sp-°fpw cm-

jvS-ao-amw-k-Icpw sXmgn¬hn-Z-Kv[cpw amXw aXntbm? a‰m-h-iy-ß-sfm-

∂p-ant√ a\p-jy\v? a\p-jy∂v ssZh-am¿Kw ImWn-®p-sIm-Sp-°m≥ Ign-

hp≈ Nnecpw th≠-Xnt√? Cu temIØv Fs¥ms°bps≠∂pw Ah

Fßs\ D]-tbm-K-s∏-Sp-Ø-W-sa∂pw ImWn-®p-sIm-Sp-°m-\m-fp≠v. F-

∂m¬, Xm≥ B¿°p-th-≠n-bmWv? ]m]-©nI hkvXp-°-sf√mw X\n°v

\¬In-b-Xm-cmWv? AXv \¬In-b-hs‚ lnX-Øn-s\mØv Pohn-t°-≠-

sX-ßs\? Pohn-X-hn-Pbw Ic-K-X-am-°m-\p≈ am¿K-taXv? CXymZn Imcy-

ßƒ a\p-jys\ ]Tn-∏n-°m\pw tht≠ Bsc-¶nepw? thW-sa-∂-Xn¬

H´pw kwi-b-an√. kXy-Øn¬ Ah-bmWv F√m-‰nepw ][m\w. \ΩpsS

AXn-\n- m-c-amb Bh-iy-ßƒt]mepw ]q¿Øo-I-cn-°p-hm≥ th≠p∂

kIe G¿∏m-Sp-Ifpw sNbvX ssZhw, kp]-[m-\-amb Cu Bh-iy-

Øn¬ Ai≤ ImWn®p F∂v ]d-™m¬ \ΩpsS _p≤n AwKo-I-

cn-°ptam? C√; ssZhw AXn¬ Ai≤ ImWn-®n-t´-bn√. sXmgn-ep-I-

fnepw Iem-im-kvX-ß-fnepw hnZ-Kv[sc krjvSn-®-Xp-t]mse, Xs∂bpw

Xs‚ KpW-ß-sfbpw Adn-bp∂ \n]p-W≥amscbpw ssZhw krjvSn-

®n-´p≠v. Ah¿°v ssZhw t\cn´v ⁄m\w ]I¿∂p-sIm-SpØp˛ aX-]-

chpw [m¿an-Ihpw kZm-Nm-c-]-c-hp-amb ⁄m\w. AXv a‰p P\-ßƒ°v

]I¿∂p-sIm-Sp-°pI F∂ alm-tk-h-\-Øn-\mbn Ahsc Npa-X-e-

s∏-SpØn \nb-an®p. Cu alm-flm-°ƒ°mWv ]hm-N-I≥1, ssZh-Zq-

X≥2 Fs∂ms° ]d-bp-∂Xv.

]hm-N-Is\ Fßs\ Xncn-®-dnbmw?

Imhy-]-Xn-`-bp≈ Hcm-fpsS kwkmcw tI´m¬ AX-bm-fpsS P≥a-

kn-≤-amb Ign-hm-sW∂v a\- n-emIpw. FX Xs∂ ian-®mepw Abm-

fp-tSXv t]mep≈ IhnX cNn-°p-hm≥ a‰p-≈-h¿°m-hn√. AXp-t]mse

1. ]hm-N-I≥ = \_n 2. ssZh-Zq-X≥ = dkq¬

31

Ckvemw

]kwKw, FgpØv, imkvXob Kth-jWw XpS-ßnb Imcy-ß-fn¬ P≥a-

hm-k-\-bp-≈-h-scbpw Ah-cpsS ]hr-Øn-I-fpsS khn-ti-j-X-I-fn¬\n∂v

Xncn-®-dnbmw. ImcWw, Ah¿ kz¥w tPmen-I-fn¬ A\-\y-km-[m-c-Wamb

tbmKyX sXfn-bn-®n-cn°pw. CXp-t]m-se-bmWv ]hm-N-I\pw. A\y¿°v

Duln-°m≥t]mepw Ign-bmØ Imcy-ßƒ At±-l-Øns‚ a\- n¬

\njv]-bmkw sXfnbpw. A\y-cpsS ZrjvSn-bn¬s]SmØ kq£va-amb

kwK-Xn-I-fn¬ ZrjvSn-Iƒ ]Xnbpw. At±lw ]d-bp∂ Imcy-ßƒ \ΩpsS

_p≤n AwKo-I-cn°pw. F∂√, AXmWv icn-sb∂v _p≤n km£y-s∏-

SpØpw. At±-l-Øns‚ Hmtcm hm°n-s‚bpw kXym-hÿ ssZ\w-Zn-\m-

\p-`-h-ßfpw ]m]-©nI ZrjvSm-¥-ßfpw hgn sXfn-™p-sIm-t≠-bn-

cn°pw. F∂m¬, FX ian-®mepw AØcw Hcp hm°p-t]mepw \ap°v

]d-bm-\m-hn√. At±-l-Øns‚ ]IrXn ]cn-ip-≤-am-bn-cn°pw. X≥aqew

kIe G¿∏m-Sp-I-fnepw EPphpw tijvThpw kwi-b-c-ln-X-hp-amb am¿K-

ßtf ssIs°m≈q. NoØ hmt°m Zpjv]-hr-Øntbm At±-l-Øn¬-

\ns∂m-cn-°epw ]pd-Øp-h-cn√. kXyhpw k¬°¿a-ßfpw a‰p-≈-h-tcm-

Sp-]-tZ-in-°p-∂-tXm-sSm∏w kzbw ]mh¿Øn-I-am-°p-Ibpw sNøpw. hm°n-

s\-Xn-cmbn ]h¿Øn-®-Xn\v DZm-l-c-W-ßƒ ImWn√, At±-l-Øns‚

Pohn-X-Øn¬; hm°ntem ]hr-Øn-bntem kzm¿Y-X-bpsS \ng-em-´w-

t]mepw Zriy-am-hn√. A\y-Po-h-∂p-X-Ip-hm≥ kzPo-hn-X-Øn-e-t±lw

IjvS-\-jvS-ßƒ kln°pw. amX-a√, kz¥w KpW-Øn-\mbn A\y¿°v

lm\n-h-cp-Øp-I-bp-an√. kXy-k-‘X, tijvT-Nn¥, k≥am¿K-\njvT,

]cn-ip≤n XpS-ßnb D¬Ir-jvS-Kp-W-ßƒ°v amXr-I-bm-bn-cn-°p-a-t±lw.

FX Xs∂ ]cn-tim-[n-®mepw At±-l-Øns‚ Pohn-X-Øn-semcp \yq\X

I≠p-]n-Sn-°pI Akm-[y-am-bn-cn°pw. ]hm-N-Is\ Xncn-®-dn-bp-hm≥

klm-bn-°p∂ kwK-Xn-I-fm-Wnh.

]hm-N-Is\ A\p-k-cn-°¬

Hcp hy‡n ]hm-N-I-\m-sW∂v t_m[y-am-bn-°-gn-™m¬ At±-l-

Øns‚ hm°pIƒ kzoI-cn-°p-Ibpw ]hr-Øn-Isf Ah-ew-_n-°p-Ibpw

sNtø-≠-Xm-h-iy-amWv. Hcp hy‡n ssZh-Øns‚ ]hm-N-I-\m-sW∂v

kΩ-Xn-°p-Ibpw AtX-k-abw Abm-fpsS hm°pw ]hr-Ønbpw Xnc-

kvI-cn-°p-Ibpw sNøpI F∂Xv bp‡nhncp-≤-atX. ImcWw, Hcmƒ

]hm-N-I-\mWv F∂v kΩ-Xn-°p-∂-Xns‚ A¿Yw Abm-fpsS ]kvXm-

h-\-Iƒ ssZh-Øn-¶¬\n∂v e`n-®Xpw ]hr-Øn-Iƒ ssZhm-`o-jvSa-\p-

k-cn-®p-≈XpamsW∂v \mw kΩ-Xn-°p∂p F∂mWv. AXn¬]ns∂, At±-

32

Ckvemw

l-Øn-s∂-Xn-cn¬ \mw ]d-bp-∂Xpw ]h¿Øn-°p-∂Xpw bYm¿Y-Øn¬

ssZh-hn-cp-≤-ambn hn°pw. ssZh-hn-cp-≤-am-b-sXm∂pw kXy-am-bn-cn-°n√.

AXn-\m¬, Hcp hy‡nsb ]hm-N-I-\mbn kΩ-Xn®p Ign-™m¬]ns∂,

At±-l-Øns‚ hm°p-Iƒ A£-cw-]Xn kzoI-cn-°p-hm\pw B⁄-Iƒ

inc-km-h-ln-°p-hm\pw \mw \n¿_-‘n-X-cmWv Ah-bn-e-S-ßnb XØz-

ßfpw bp‡n-Ifpw e-ßfpw \ap°v a\- n-em-bmepw Cs√-¶nepw. Hcp-

Imcyw ]hm-N-I-s‚-XmWv F∂Xp Xs∂ AXv kXy-am-sW-∂-Xn\v sXfn-

hmWv. kIe bp‡n-Ifpw \≥a-I-fpw AXn-e-¥¿`-hn-®n-cn-°p-sa∂v Icp-

Xm\pw AXp Xs∂ aXn. Hcp Imcy-Øns‚ bp‡ntbm ^etam \ap-°-

dn-bm-\m-hp-∂n√ F∂-Xns‚ A¿Yw AXv apgps° tZmj-amWv F∂√.

AXv a\- n-em-°p-∂-Xn¬ \ap°v ]nghv ]‰n-bn-´p≠v F∂v amX-amWv.

Hcp hnj-b-Øn¬ ]q¿W-ssh-ZKv[yw C√mØ Hcmƒ°v AXnse AXn-

kq-£va-amb kwK-Xn-Iƒ Kln-°m≥ Ign-™p-sIm-≈-W-sa-∂n-√t√m.

F∂m¬, B hnj-b-Øn¬ ]q¿W hnZ-Kv[-\mb Hcmƒ ]d-bp-∂Xv, X\n-

°-Xn-ep≈ bp‡n ]nSn-In-´n-bn√ F∂ GI Imc-W-Øm¬ X≈n-°-f-

bp-∂-h¿ FX henb hnUvVn-I-fmWv. temI-Ønse kIe tPmen°pw

AXn¬ hnZ-Kv[-cm-b-h¿ thWw. Hcp hnZ-Kv[s\ Is≠-Øn-bm¬ ]ns∂

Ah-\n¬ \mw ]q¿W-hn-izmkw A¿∏n-°p∂p. AXn¬]ns∂, a‰mcpw

Ah-s‚- ]-hr-Øn-I-fn-en-S-s]-Sn√. ImcWw, F√m-hcpw F√m-‰nepw Hcp-

t]mse hnZ-Kv[-cm-bn-cn-°n-√t√m. AØ-c-samcp hnZ-Kv[s\ Is≠-Øm-

\mWv \mw kz¥w _p≤-nbpw kma¿Yy-hp-ap-]-tbm-Kn-t°-≠Xv.

Is≠Øn-b hy‡n hnZ-Kv[-\m-sW∂v t_m[yw h∂pIgn-™m¬

]ns∂ Abmfn¬ ]q¿W-ambn hnizm-k-a¿∏n-°Ww. AXn-∂vtijw

Ahs‚ ]hr-Øn-I-fn¬ ssII-S-Øp-∂Xpw Hmtcm Imcy-Øn-s‚bpw

XØzhpw bp‡n-bpw ]Tn-∏n-®p-X-cm-Ø-]£w kzoI-cn-°p-I-bn-s√∂v

iTn-°p-∂Xpw _p≤n-b√. Hcp h°o-en\v tIkv G¬]n-®p-sIm-SpØ

tijw At±-l-tØmSv CØcw hmZ-ßƒ D∂-bn-®m¬ Abmƒ

\nßsf ]nSn®v ]pd-Øm°pw. Hcp tUmIvS-tdmSv NnIn-’-bpsS

bp‡nbpw sXfnhpw tNmZn-®p-Xp-S -ßn-bm¬ Abmƒ \nß-fpsS

NnIn’Xs∂ ths≠∂p sh°pw. ssZh-sØ-°p-dn®v bYm¿Y-

⁄m\w Ic-ÿ-am-°p-I-bmWv \ΩpsS Bhiyw. ssZh-ln-X-Øn-

s\mØv Pohn-°m≥ ]‰nb am¿K-ta-sX∂pw Adn-bWw. CXv kzbw

Adn-bm-\p-X-Ip∂ D]-I-c-W-sam∂pw \ΩpsS ]°-en√. AXn-\m¬,

\mw ssZh-Øns‚ ]hm-N-Is\ Is≠-tØ-≠n-bn-cn-°p∂p. Cu At\z-

33

Ckvemw

j-W-Øn¬ \ΩpsS apgp-h≥ Ignhpw kma¿Yyhpw hn\n-tbm-Kn-t°-

≠-Xp≠v. Cs√-¶n¬, h√ I]-S-s\bpw ]hm-N-I-s\∂v sX‰n-≤-cn-®p-

t]mIpw. B]¬°-c-amb hgn-bn¬ sN∂p-s]-Sp-I-bmhpw AXns‚

^ew. F∂m¬, ka-K-amb At\z-j-W-]-T-\-ßƒ°p-tijw Hcmƒ

kXy-]-hm-N-I-\m-sW∂v t_m[y-s∏-´p-I-gn-™m¬, At±-l-Øn¬

]q¿W-ambn hniz-kn-°p-Ibpw At±-l-Øns‚ I¬]-\-Iƒ IWn-i-

ambn A\p-k-cn-°p-Ibpw sN-bvtX ]‰q.

]hm-N-I-\n¬ hniz-kn-°p-∂-sX-¥n\v?

Ckvem-anI Z¿i\w ssZh-Øn-¶¬\n∂v ssZh-Øns‚ ]hm-N-

I∑m¿ aptJ\ e`n-®-XmWv. CXv Kln-®m¬ ]ns∂, ]hm-N-I-\n¬

hniz-kn-°p-Ibpw At±-lsØ A\p-k-cn-°p-Ibpw A\p-Kan-°p-Ibpw

sNtø-≠Xv F√m a\p-jy-cp-sSbpw _m[y-X-bm-bn-Øo-cp∂p. ]hm-N-

Is‚ am¿Kw hn´v kz_p-≤nsb Ah-ew-_-am°n a‰p h√ am¿Khpw

\n¿an-°p-∂-h≥ hgn-]n-g-®-h-\m-sW∂ Imcy-Øn¬ kwi-b-ta-Xp-an√.

Cu hnj-b-Øn¬ P\-ßƒ ckm-h-l-amb ]e A_-≤-ßfpw

sNøp-∂p≠v. Nne¿ ]hm-N-Is‚ kXy-k-‘X kΩ-Xn-°p∂p. ]t£,

At±-l-sØ hniz-kn-°p-Itbm A\p-K-an-°p-Itbm sNøp-∂n√. Ch¿

\ntj-[n-Iƒ amX-a√ hnUvVn-Iƒ IqSn-bmWv. ImcWw, kXy-hm-

s\∂v kΩ-Xn-®-tijw ]hm-N-Is\ A\p-K-an-°m-Xn-cn-°p-∂-Xns‚

A¿Yw a\p -jy≥ a\x -]q¿hw hymPw ]n≥]-‰p -∂p -sh-∂mWv.

CXn¬]cw hnUvVnØw as‰-¥p≠v?

Nne¿ ]d-bp-∂Xv, Xßƒ°v ]hm-N-Is\ A\p-k-cn-t°-≠-Xn-

s√∂pw kXy-am¿Kw Xßƒ°v kzbw I≠p-]n-Sn-°p-hm≥ Ign-bp-sa-

∂p-amWv. Cu hmZhpw sX‰mWv. \nßƒ KWn-X-imkvXw ]Tn-®n-cn-

°p-at√m. c≠p _nµp-°ƒ°n-S-bn¬ t\¿tcJ H∂p-am-Xta D≠mIq.

a‰p- tc-J-Iƒ H∂p-In¬ hf-™tXm As√-¶n¬ _nµp-°sf ]c-

kv]cw _‘n-∏n -°m-ØtXm Bbn -cn°pw. kXy-am¿K-Øns‚

ÿnXnbpw CXp-Xs∂. Ckvem-ans‚ `mj-bn¬ AXns\ "kzndm-Øp¬

apkvXJow' F∂p hnfn-°p∂p. AXv a\p-jy-\n¬ \n∂m-cw-`n®v ssZh-

Øn-e-h-km-\n-°p∂p. imkvX-]-Imcw a\p-jy∂v ssZh-Øn-te-°p≈

am¿Khpw H∂p-am-Xta D≠mIq. AsXm-gn-®p-≈h hf-hp-≈tXm ssZh-

k-∂n-[n-hsc FØm-ØtXm Bbn-cn°pw. B t\¿am¿K-amWv ]hm-

34

Ckvemw

N-I≥am¿ ImWn-®p-X-∂Xv. AXn-\m¬, ]hm-N-I≥ ImWn-®p-X∂

am¿Kw hn´v a‰p am¿K-ßƒ tXSp-∂-h¿ H∂p-In¬ ssZh-k-∂n-[n-bn-

se-Øp-I-bn√, As√-¶n¬ hf™ hgnt° FØq. ssZh-k-∂n-[n-bn-

se-Øm-Xn-cp-∂m¬ Ah≥ \in-®-Xp-Xs∂. hf™ hgn°v hcp-∂-h-

cm-Is´ X\n hnUvVn-Ifpw. hntij _p≤n-bn-√mØ arK-ßƒ t]m-

epw Hcn-S-Øp-\n∂v as‰m-cn-S-sØ-Øm≥ t\¿h-gntb sXc-s™-Sp°q.

hf™ hgn-°h t]mhn√. B \ne°v ssZh-Øns‚ Hcp-Øa Zmk≥,

t\¿am¿Kw ImWn®psImSp-°p-tºmƒ ""\o ImWn®pXcp∂ am¿K-Øn-

eqsS Rm\n√; hf™ am¿K-Øn¬Xs∂ sX≠n-Øn-cn™v Rm≥

kzbw e£y-Øn-se-Øn-s°m≈mw'' F∂p ]d-bp-∂p-sh-¶n¬ Abm-

sf-∏‰n \nßƒs°¥v tXm∂p∂p?

A¬]w IqSn Bg-Øn¬ Nn¥n-°p∂ ]£w, ]hm-N-I-am¿Kw

\nc-kn-°p-∂-h¿°v ssZh-Øn-te-s°-Øm≥ Hcp am¿Khpw ˛ hf-

™tXm t\¿°p-≈tXm ˛ e`n-°n-s√∂v t_m[y-amhpw. ImcWw,

kXy-k-‘-\pw -\n-kzm¿Yn-bp-amb Hcmsf \nc-kn-°p-∂-h∂v Ft¥m

Ipg-∏-ap≠v F∂m-W¿Yw. kXy-Øn\v t\sc IÆ-S-bv°m≥ t]cn-∏n-

°p∂ Ft¥m H∂v. AXv Ahs‚ Nn¥m-i-‡n-bpsS A]q¿W-X-

bmhmw; Al-¶m-c-amhmw; kXyhpw \≥abpw kzoI-cn-°m≥ Xøm-dn-

√m-Ø-hn[w Zpjn-®p-t]mb ]Ir-X-amhmw; ]q¿hn-I-cn-ep≈ A‘-amb

hnizm-k-amImw; ]q¿hn-Im-Nm-c-ßƒ°v ]Icw as‰m∂pw kzoI-cn-°m≥

Xøm-dn-√m-Ø-Xmhmw. CsXm-∂p-a-s√-¶n¬ Ah≥ tZtl-O-I-fpsS ASn-

a-bm-b-Xp-sIm-≠mhmw. ]hm-N-Is\ AwKo-I-cn-®p-I-gn-™m¬ ]ns∂

]m]-ßfpw Zp¿hr-Øn-Ifpw sNøm-\p≈ kzmX¥yw \jvS-s∏-´p-t]m-

I-psa∂v Ah≥ `b-s∏-Sp-∂p-≠m-hWw. Cu Ipg-∏-ß-fn-sem-s∂-¶n-ep-

ap≈ hy‡n°v Hcn-°epw ssZhnI am¿K-Z¿i\w e`n-°n√. C∏-d-

™-sXm∂pw C√mØ, kXy-k-‘\pw \njv]-£\pamb Hcp kXym-

t\zjn ]hm-N-Is‚ in£-W-ßƒ \nc-kn-°pI F∂Xv Xo¿Øpw

Akw-`-hy-atX.

]iv\-Øn\v Kuc-hm-hl-amb as‰mcp hi-ap≠v. kXy-]-h-mN-

I≥ ssZh-\n-bp-‡-\mWv. ]hm-N-Is\ hniz-kn-°p-Ibpw A\p-k-cn-

°p-Ibpw thW-sa-∂Xv ssZh-im-k-\-bmWv. At∏mƒ ]hm-N-I-\n-

cm-kw -ssZh-[n-°m-c-amWv. Hcp cmPy-Ønse ]uc≥am¿ `c-W-IqSw

\n›-bn-°p∂ DtZym-K-ÿs\ A\p-k-cn-°m≥ _m-[y-ÿ-cmWv. DtZym-

K-ÿs\ [n°-cn-°p-∂-Xns‚ A¿Yw `c-W-Iq-SsØ [n°-cn-°pI

35

Ckvemw

F∂mWv. `c-W-Iq-SsØ AwKo-I-cn-°p-Ibpw AXv \nb-an-°p∂ DtZym-

K-ÿs\ \ncm-I-cn-°p-Ibpw sNøpI F∂Xv ]c-kv]-c-hn-cp-≤-amWv.

AXp-t]mse ssZhw apgp-h≥ a\p-jy-cp-sSbpw cmPm-hmWv. AXn-\m¬,

a\p-jy-cpsS am¿K-Z¿i-\-Øn-\mbn cmPmhv \nb-an® hy‡nsb AwKo-

I-cn-°p-Ibpw A\p-K-an-°p-Ibpw sNtø-≠Xv k¿h-a-\p-jy-cp-sSbpw

_m[y-X-bmWv. ]hm-N-Is\ Xnc-kvI-cn-°p-∂-h¿ ssZh-Øn¬ hniz-

kn-®mepw "Im^n¿' Xs∂.

]hm-N-IXzw kw£n]vX NcnXw

]hm-N-IXz ]c-ºc Fßs\ Bcw-`n®p? Ia-]-hr-≤-ambn AsX-

ßs\ A¥y-]-hm-N-I-\n-seØn? CXmWv C\n-bsØ N¿®.

ssZhw BZy-ambn Hcp a\p-jys\ krjvSn®p. Ah-\n¬\n-∂vXs∂

Ahs‚ CW-sbbpw. Ah-cn¬\n-∂mWv a\p-jy-hwiw `qap-J-ØmsI

hym]n-®Xv. Cu temIØv PmX-cmb a\p-jy-sc√mw ]kvXpX Zº-Xn-am-

cpsS k¥m-\-ß-fmWv.* a\p-jy-k-ap-Zm-b-Øns‚ Bcw`w Hcp a\p-jy-

\n¬\n∂m-sW∂v kIe kap-Zm-b-ß-fp-sSbpw aX-]-chpw Ncn-X-]-c-

hp-amb CXn-lm-k-ßƒ sFI-I-WvtTy\ kΩ-Xn-°p∂p. `qtKm-f-

Øns‚ hnhn[ `mK-ß-fn¬, Htc kabw, sht∆sd a\p-jy¿ D≠m-

bn-Øo¿∂-Xmbn imkvX-K-th-j-W-ßfpw sXfn-bn-®n-´n√. F∂√, `qan-

bpsS \m\m-`m-K-ß-fn¬ ImW-s∏-Sp∂ a\p-jy-sc√mw Htc a\p-jy-

\n¬\n∂v DZv`-hn-®-Xm-bn-cn°mw F∂mWv imkvX-⁄-cn¬ Gdn-b-

]¶pw A`n-]m-b-s∏-Sp-∂Xv.

B ]Ya a\p-jys‚ t]¿ BZw F∂m-bn-cp∂p. At±-lsØ

ssZhw ]Ya ]hm-N-I≥ IqSn-bmbn \n›-bn®p. Xs‚ k¥m-\-

ßƒ°v Ckvemw ]Tn-∏n-®p-sIm-Sp-°p-hm≥ At±-l-tØmSv B⁄m-

]n-°p-Ibpw sNbvXp. ""\nß-fpsS ssZhw GI-\mWv; ka-kvX-tem-I-

Øn-s‚bpw ssZhw; Ahs\ amXw Bcm-[n-°pI; Ahs‚ amXw

Zmk≥am-cm-hpI; Ah-t\mSv amXw klm-b-a¿Yn-°pI; Ahs‚ lnX-

* hfsc ][m-\hpw hnπ-hm-fl-I-hp-amb Hcm-i-b-am-WnXv. GI-am-\-h-Xbpw a\p-jy-k-a-Xz-hp-amWv AXns‚ bp‡n-]-c-amb t\´w. h¿W˛h¿K˛tZi˛`mjmZn `n∂-X-Isf B[m-c-am°n a\p-jy¿°n-S-bn¬ hnth-N\w I¬]n-°p-∂Xv hnUvVn-Ø-amWv.tZio-b-Xzhpw k¶p-Nn-X-h¿Ko-b-Xzhpw c‡-s°m-Xn-]q≠ hntcm-[-a-t\m-`m-hhpwtemIsØ sh´n-ap-dn-®p-sIm-≠n-cn-°p∂ C°m-eØv am\p-jn-ssI-Iy-Øn-s‚-XmbCu kn≤m¥w `mhnsb kw_-‘n-®n-S-tØmfw i‡-am-sbmcp Bim-In-c-W-amWv.

˛ Jp¿inZv AlvaZv

36

Ckvemw

Øn-s\mØv amXw Pohn-°pI; \oXn-bpw kXyhpw ]men-°pI ˛

F∂m¬ \nßƒ°v al-Ømb ]Xn-^ew e`n°pw. C\n, ssZh-[n-

°m-cn-I-fmbn ]n¥n-cn-bp-I-bm-sW-¶ntem, Ahs‚ ITn-\-in-£°v

\nßƒ ]mX-am-hp-Ibpw sNøpw''˛ - Cu ktµiw kz¥w k¥m-\-

ßƒ°v \¬Im-\mWv ssZhw BZ-an-t\mSv I¬]n-®Xv.

BZ-ans‚ k¥m-\-ß-fnse k÷-\-ßƒ ]nXmhv \n¿tZ-in-®p-sIm-

SpØ k≥am¿K-Øn-eqsS Ncn-®p-t]m∂p. ZpjvS-P-\-ßƒ AXv ssIh-n´p

If™p. Ah¿ X∂n-jvS-]-Imcw Pohn®p XpSßn. Imem-¥-tcW ]e-

hn-[-Øn-ep≈ Zpcm-Nm-c-ßfpw Ah-cn-ep-Zv -hn®p. Nne¿ kqcy˛Nµ˛ \£-

X-ß-sfbpw a‰p Nne¿ ac-ßƒ, arK-ßƒ, \Zn-Iƒ F∂n-h-sbbpw ]qPn-

®p-Xp-Sßn. hmbp, sh≈w, AKv\n, tcmKw, BtcmKyw XpS-ßnbhbpw

Bcm-[-\m-]m-X-ß-fmbn. ]Ir-Xn-bnse Hmtcm Xcw A\p-K-l-

ßƒ°pw ]tXyIw ]tXyIw ssZh-ß-fmbn. kIe ssZh-ß-fp-

sSbpw ]oXn kºm-Zn-°p-hm-\mbn F√m-‰n-s\bpw ]qPn®p. Cßs\,

_lp-ssZ-hm-cm-[\bpsSbpw _nw_m-cm-[-\-bp-sSbpw \nc-h[n cq]-

ßƒ DZv`-hn®p. \nc-h[n aX-ßƒ cq]w-sIm≠p F∂-Xm-bn-cp∂p ew.

BZw k¥-Xn-Iƒ `qan-bpsS hnhn[ `mK-ß-fn¬ hym]n-°p-Ibpw

hnhn[ kap-Zm-b-ßfpw cmjvS-ß-fp-ambn cq]m-¥-c-s∏-Sp-Ibpw sNbvX

Ime-L-´-am-bn-cp∂p AXv. Hmtcm kap-Zm-bhpw Hmtcm ]tXyI aXw

\n¿an®p. Hmtcm kap-Zm-b-Øn-s‚bpw BNmc kº-Zm-b-ßfpw hn`n-∂-

am-bn-cp∂p. GI-\mb ssZhsØ Ah¿ ad∂p. H∏w BZw ]Tn-∏n® Im-

cy-ßfpw. PohnXw Hmtcm-cp-Ø-cp-sSbpw CjvSm-\p-km-c-ambn. \m\m-Xcw

Zp¿hr-Øn-Ifpw Zpcm-Nm-c-ßfpw Ah-cn¬ hf¿∂p-h∂p. A‘-hn-izm-k-

* aX-N-cn-X-sØ-°p-dn® Cu ho£-W-KXn \ne-hn-en-cn-°p∂ "aX-]-cn-Wm-a-hmZ'Øn\vIS-I-hn-cp-≤-amWv. ]kvXpX hmZ-]-Imcw ]Ir-Xn-]q-P-bmWv aX-]-cn-Wm-a-ØnseBZy-Zi. ]pcm-X-\- k-ap-Zm-b-ß-fpsS ]Ir-Xn-]q-P-sb-°p-dn-°p∂ Ncn-X-h-kvXp-X-Iƒ Hcp \n›nX ]cn-[n-hsc amXta Ah¿ ]cn-tim-[n-°p-∂p≈q. AXm-Is´, am‰-Øn-cp-Ø-ep-Iƒ°pw ssII-S-Ø-ep-Iƒ°pw hnt[-b-hp-amWv. AXn-]p-cm-X-\-ambcq]-ßƒ ]cn-tim-[n-°m≥ Ah¿ Hcp-sº-Sm-dn√. GI-ssZ-h-kn-≤m¥w(XuloZv)Bbn-cp∂p AXn-]p-cm-X-\-amb Bcm-[-\m-Iaw F∂ hmZsØ _e-s∏-Sp-Øp-∂-XmWv ]n¬°me imkvX \nK-a-\-ßƒ. GI-ssZ-h-kn-≤m-¥-Øn¬\n∂v sX‰n-sØ-dn-®p-t]m-b-h-bmWv as‰√m cq]-t`-Z-ßfpw. CtX ]‰n IqSp-Xedn-bm\mK-ln-°p-∂-h¿ 'The Origin and Growth of Religion' F∂ t]cn¬ F®v.sP. tdmkv(e≠≥, saØz≥)Cw•o-jn-te°v hnh¿Ø\w sNbvX Prof. W. Schmidt s‚ hne-s∏´ Kth-jW ]_‘wt\m°pI.

˛Jp¿inZv AlvaZv

37

Ckvemw

ßfpw Dulm-t]m-l-ßfpw Acßp XI¿Øp. \≥a˛ Xn≥a-Isf th¿Xn-

cn-°p-∂-Xn¬ ]nW™ A_-≤-ßƒ aqew [¿aw A[¿a-ambpw adn®pw

Ah¿ sX‰n-≤-cn®p.*

Cu ]cn-Xx-ÿn-Xn-bn¬, ssZhw, Hmtcm kap-Zm-b-Øn-te°pw Ckvem-

anI ]t_m-[-\m¿Yw ]hm-N-I≥amsc Ab-°p-hm≥ XpSßn. Xß-fpsS

kap-Zmbw hnkva-cn®pIf™ Imcy-ßƒ ]hm-N-I≥am¿ Ahsc A\p-

kva-cn∏n®p. GI-ssZ-hsØ amXw Bcm-[n-°p-hm≥ Ah¿ P\-ßsf

DZvt_m-[n-∏n®p. _lp-ssZ-h-hn-izm-k-Øn¬\n∂pw _nw_m-cm-[-\-bn¬-

\n∂pw P\-ßsf ]n¥n-cn-∏n®p. aqV-amb BNmc kº-Zm-b-ßƒ°-dpXn

hcpØn. ssZh-ln-X-Øn-s\mØv PohnXw \bn-°p-hm-\p≈ DØ-a-am¿Kw

ImWn®p sImSpØp. icn-bmb \nb-a-ßƒ \¬Ip-Ibpw Ah A\p-k-

cn-°m≥ Bh-iy-s∏-Sp-Ibpw sNbvXp. C¥y, ssN\, Cdm≥, CdmJv,

CuPn]vXv, B^n°, bqtdm∏v XpSßn `qtKm-f-Øns‚ \m\m-Zn-°nepw

Cßs\ ]hm-N-I≥am¿ \nbp-‡-cm-bn-cp∂p. Ah-cp-sS-sb√mw aXw H∂m-

bn-cp∂p. \ΩpsS `mj-bn¬ "Ckvemw' F∂v hnfn-°p∂ AtX aXw.*

F∂m¬, ]hm-N-I≥am-cpsS in£-W-co-Xn-Ifpw \nb-a-hy-h-ÿ-

Ifpw, XΩn¬ XΩn¬ A¬]m¬]w hyXym-k-ap-≠m-bn-cp∂p. Hmtcm

P\-X-bp-sSbpw kmwkvIm-cn-Ihpw \mK-cn-I-hp-amb \ne-hmcw IW-

°n-se-Sp-ØmWv ]hm-N-I≥am¿ ]h¿Øn-®Xv. kmwkvIm-cnI˛ \mK-

cnI˛_u≤nI cwK-ß-fn¬ a\p-jy¿ ]Ya ]Sn-bn-em-bn-cp-∂-t∏mƒ

Ah¿°v eLp-hmb in£W˛\n¿tZ-i-ßƒ aXn-bm-bn-cp∂p. F∂m¬,

]ptcm-KXn ]m]n-®p-h-cpw-tXmdpw in£-W-ßfpw BNm-c-ap-d-Ifpw hn]p-

e-s∏-Sp-Øn-s°m-≠n-cp∂p. Cu hyXym-k-ßƒ ]t£, _mly-X-e-

Øn¬ amX-am-bn-cp∂p. BXvamhv Ft∏mgpw, F√m-bn-SØpw H∂p-

Xs∂ ˛ GIssZh kn≤m¥w, kXy-k-‘X, BXvam¿YX, ]mc-Xn-

I-hn-izmkw XpS-ßn-bh. Cu auenI Imcy-ßƒ F√m ]hm-N-I≥am-

cp-sSbpw in£-W-ß-fpsS Poh-\m-bn-cp∂p.

* Ckvem-ans‚ Bcw`w apl-ΩZv \_n apX¬°m-sW∂v s]mXp-hn¬, hninjym ]m›m-Xy Fgp-Øp-Im¿°n-S-bn¬ sX‰n-≤m-c-W-bp≠v. apl-ΩZv \_nsb Ckvem-ans‚BZy-ÿm-]-I-s\-∂p-IqSn Nne¿ hn-ti-jn-∏n-°p∂p. hmkvX-h-Øn¬ kXy-Øn\vt\sc-bp≈ sIm™\w amX-am-WnXv. ssZh-Øns‚ bYm¿Y ]hm-N-I≥am-cp-sS-sb√mw aXw Ckvemw Bbn-cp∂p. ssZh-Øn-¶¬\n-∂p≈ ktµ-i-Øns‚ hml-I¿ amX-am-bn-cp∂ kXy-]-hm-N-I¿ aptJ\ a\p-jy-hw-i-Øn\v \¬I-s∏´ Znhy-sh-fn-]m-SmWv Ckvemw.

˛Jp¿inZv AlvaZv

38

Ckvemw

]hm-N-I≥am-tcm-Sp≈ P\-ß-fpsS s]cp-am‰w AXn-hn-Nn-X-am-bn-

cp∂p. P\-ß-f-hsc ]e-hn-[-Øn¬ D]-Z-hn®p. Ah-cpsS ktµiw \ntj-

[n®p; Nnesc sIm∂p. Nnesc \mń¬\n-∂m-ń-tbm-Sn®p; Bbp-jv°m-e-

a-Xbpw ]t_m-[\w sNbvXn´pw Nne¿°v At©m ]tØm A\p-bm-bn-

I-fn-tesd e`n-®n√. F∂m¬, CØcw ]Xn-_-‘-ßƒ Ah¿°v hne-

ßm-bn√. kz¥w tPmen Ah¿ apS-ßmsX XpS¿∂p. HSp-hn¬ Ah-cpsS

]b-Xv\-ßƒ êw I≠p XpSßn. h≥k-ap-Zm-b-ßfpw ]_e cmjvS-

ßfpw Ah-cpsS A\p-bm-bn-I-fmbn. AXn¬ ]ns∂, ss]im-NnI i‡n-

Iƒ a‰p hgn-I-f-t\z-jn®p. ]hm-N-I≥am-cpsS Ime-tijw, Ah-cpsS

A[ym-]-\-ßsf A\p-bm-bn-Iƒ cq]-t`Zw hcpØn. ssZhn-I-K-Ÿ-ß-

fn¬ kz¥w Bi-b-ßƒ IpØn-Øn-cpIn. Bcm-[-\°v \ho-\-cq-]-ß-fm-

hn-jvI-cn®p. Nne¿ ]hm-N-I≥am-sc-Øs∂ ]qPn®p XpS-ßn. a‰p Nne¿

]hm-N-I≥ ssZhm-h-Xm-c-am-sW∂v hmZn®p. ssZh-]p-X-\m-bn-°-cp-Xn-

bh¿ thsd. ]hm-N-I≥ ssZhm-[n-Im-c-Øn¬ ]¶p-]-‰p-∂p-sh∂v a‰p

Nne¿. Npcp-°-Øn¬, Bbp-jv°m-e-a-Xbpw hnK-l-]q-P-s°-Xnsc

s]mcp-Xn-b-h-sc-Øs∂ P\-ßƒ hnK-l-ß-fm°n. Fs¥mcp hntcm-

[m-`mkw! ]hm-N-I≥am¿ \¬In-t∏mb I¿a-]-≤-Xnbpw Ah¿ Zpjn-

∏n®p If™p. ]e-Xcw aqVm-Nm-c-ßfpw Zp¿\-S-]-Sn-Ifpw AXn-e-h¿

IS-Øn-°qń; sI´p-I-Y-Ifpw hymtP-Xn-lm-k-ßfpw Ie¿Øn-°qń;

a\p-jy-\n¿anX \nb-a-ßƒ Iqń-t®¿Øp. êtam, GXm\pw \q‰m-

≠p-Iƒ Ign-™-t∏mƒ ]hm-N-Is‚ km£m¬ A[ym-]-\-ßƒ Xncn-

®-dn-bm≥ Ign-bm-Ø-hn[w hymP-hp-ambn Ie¿∂p-t]mbn. kXyadn-

bm≥ Hcp am¿K-hp-an-√m-Xm-bn-Øo¿∂p.* kzoIm-cy-ambn H∂pw tijn-

°mØ hn[w ]hm-N-I≥am-cpsS Pohn-X-I-Y-Iƒt]mepw CXn-lm-k-

ß-fpsS `mh-\-bn-e-en-™p-tN¿∂p. F¶nepw ]hm-N-I-b-Xv\-ßƒ

Xo¿Øpw \njv^-e-am-bn-t∏m-bn√. ]e cq]-Øn¬ aen-\-am-bn´pw kXyw

sNdnb tXmXn-se-¶nepw P\-k-aq-l-ß-fn-e-h-ti-jn®p. ssZh-sØbpw

ac-Wm-\-¥-c-Po-hn-X-sØbpw Ipdn® t_m[w cq]-t`-Z-ß-tfm-sS-bm-sW-

¶nepw F√m kap-Zm-b-ß-fnepw \ne-\n∂p. \≥a, kXyw, kZm-Nmcw,

* F√m ]hm-N-I≥am-cp-sSbpw A\p-bm-bn-Iƒ Cu coXn-bn-emWv Xß-fpsS km£m¬aXw(Ckvemw) Zpjn-∏n®v C∂v hnhn[ \ma-ß-fn¬ Adn-b-s∏-Sp∂ aX-ßƒ \n¿an-®Xv. DZm-l-c-W-ambn, Cukm(tbip)bpsS aXw Ckvemw Bbn-cp∂p. ]t£, At±-l-Øn-\vtijw A\p-bm-bn-Iƒ At±-l-sØ-Øs∂ Bcm-[n®p. At±-l-Øns‚in£-W-ß-fn¬ ]eXpw Iqń-°-e¿Øn C∂v InkvXp-aXw F∂ t]cn-e-dn-b-s∏-Sp∂ aXw \n¿an-°p-Ibpw sNbvXp.

39

Ckvemw

k¬kz-`mhw F∂o kZvKp-W-ßƒ temIw s]mXpth AwKo-I-cn®p.

tZi˛h¿K˛`mjm-t`-Z-ßƒ°-Xo-X-ambn a\p-jy-hw-i-Øn\v s]mXpth

kzoIm-cy-amb Hcp aX-Øns‚ ]Nm-cWw km[y-am-I-Ø-°-hn[w

]hm-N-I≥am¿ kzk-ap-Zm-bsØ ]tXyIw k÷-am°n.

Bcw-`-Øn¬ Hmtcm kap-Zm-b-Ønepw ]tXyIw ]tXyIw ]hm-

N-I≥am¿ h∂p-sIm-≠n-cp-∂p-sh∂v apºv ]d-™p-ht√m. Ah-cn-tem-

tcm-cp-Ø-cp-sSbpw in£-W-ßƒ Ah-c-h-cpsS kap-Zm-b-Øn¬ ]cn-an-

X-am-bn-cp∂p. ImcWw, A∂v kaq-l-ßƒ H‰-s∏-´mWv Pohn-®n-cp-∂Xv.

C∂p ImWp∂ ASp-∏hpw _‘hpw A∂p-≠m-bn-cp∂n√. Hmtcm kap-

Zm-bhpw kz¥w tZi-]-cn-[n-°p-≈n¬ _‘n-X-cm-bn-cp∂p. X≥aqew

F√m-h¿°pw _m[-Iam-Ip∂ Hcp aXw F√m kaq-l-ß-fnepw ]N-

cn-∏n-°pI Ffp-∏-am-bn-cp-∂n√. IqSmsX, kap-Zm-b-ß-fpsS Ah-ÿ-

Iƒ H∂n-s\m∂v hyXy-kvX-am-bn-cp∂p. P\-ß-fn¬ ]I-S-amb Zqjy-

ß-fm-Is´ `n∂-kz-`m-h-Øn-ep-≈Xpw. A⁄-X-bm-sW-¶ntem, hym]-

Ihpw. AXn-\m¬, ]hm-N-I≥am¿ Hmtcm kap-Zm-b-Øn\pw ]tXyIw

]tXy-I-ambn in£-W-ßƒ \¬In. ]hm-N-I≥am-cpsS tPmen ZpjvI-

c-am-bn-cp∂p. sX‰mb hnizm-k-ßƒ°p ]Icw ]pXn-bh ]Tn-∏n-°Ww;

]mIr-X-\n-b-a-ß-fpsS ÿm\Øv D¬Ir-jvS-am-bh ÿm]n-°Ww;

sIm®p Ip´n-I-sf-∂-t]mse P\-ßsf ]Sn-]-Sn-bmbn kwkvI-cn®p

hf¿ØWw. C∆n[w P\-ßsf kwkvI-cn-°p-hm≥ FX kl-km-

_vZ-ßƒ hn\n-tbm-Kn-t°≠n h∂p F∂v ssZh-Ønt\ Adnbq!

F¶nepw a\p-jy-k-aqlw Ia-]-hr-≤-ambn \mK-cnI ]ptcm-KXn ssIh-

cn®p. AXv ssiihw hn´v buh-\-Øn-te°v IS∂p; hyh-kmb˛

hym]mc˛ sXmgn¬ cwK-ß-fn-ep-≠mb ]ptcm-K-Xn-tbm-sSm∏w kaq-l-

ßƒ XΩn¬ IqSp-X¬ ASpØv _‘-s∏´p XpSßn. IS¬ hgnbpw

Ic-h-gnbpw h≥I-c-Iƒ XΩn¬ KXm-KX _‘-ßƒ ÿm]n-X-ambn. an°

kaq-l-ß-fnepw ssIsbgpØv ]N-cn®p. AXv hn⁄m\˛Iem˛imkvX-

ß-fpsS ]N-mc-W-Øn\v hgn-h®p. AtXmsS kaq-l-ßƒ XΩn¬ Bib

hn\n-abw Bcw-`n-°p-Ibpw sNbvXp. h≥ kmam-Py-ßƒ ÿm]n-°-s∏-

-tXmsS hnhn[ ]tZ-i-ßfpw kap-Zm-b-ßfpw Htc cmjvSo-b-hy-h-ÿ°v

Iogn-embn. Cßs\ P\-k-aq-l-ßƒ°n-S-bn¬ apºp-≠m-bn-cp∂ AI¬-

®bpw A\y-Xzhpw Ipd™p. Aßs\ apgp-h≥ temI-Øn\p-ambn HtcI

Pohn-X-hy-hÿ \¬Im-\p≈ kml-Ncyw kwPm-X-am-hp-I-bm-bn-cp∂p.

40

Ckvemw

GI-tZiw 2500 kwh-’-c-ßƒ°v apºv Xs∂ Hcp s]mXp aXsØ

kzbw kzoI-cn-°p-hm≥ Ign-bpw-hn[w a\p-jys‚ at\m-L-S\ hnImkw

]m]n®p Ign-™n-cp∂p. _p≤-aXw Hcp [m¿an-I-kw-lnX amX-am-bn-cp∂p.

Hc-]q¿W- aXw. F∂n-´p-aXv C¥y-bpsS AXn-cp-Iƒ IS∂v Hcp hiØv

P∏m-\nepw at¶m-fn-b-bnepw adp-h-iØv A^vKm-\n-ÿm-\nepw _pJm-d-

bnepw a‰pw ]N-cn®p. AXns‚ ]Nm-c-I≥am¿ hnZq-c-tZ-i-ß-fn-se-Øn-

t®¿∂p. A¬] iX-I-ßƒ°p-tijw InkvXpaXw ]nd∂p. Cukm ]-

hm-N-I≥ Ckvemapw sIm≠mWv h∂n-cp-∂Xv. At±-l-Øn-\vtijw \n¿an-

°-s∏-´-XmWv InkvXp-aXw. AXpw Hc-]q¿W -a-X-amWv. B aXsØ

InkvXym-\n-Iƒ temI-Øns‚ ]e- m-KØpw ]N-cn-∏n®p. CsX√mw sXfn-

bn-°p-∂Xv a\p-jy-k-aqlw Hcp temI-a-XsØ ]Xo-£n-°p-I-bm-bn-cp-

∂p-sh-∂mWv. kXyhpw kºq¿W-hp-amb Hcp aXw In´msX h∂-t∏mƒ

In´n-b-Xns\ Ah-sc-Xn-tc‰p˛ Ah A]-Izhpw A]q¿Whpw Bbn-cp-∂n´p

IqSn.

apl-Ω-Zv\-_n-bpsS ]hm-N-IXzw

Cu L´-Øn-emWv AJne temI-Øn\pw apgp-h≥ a\p-jy-k-aq-

l-ßƒ°p-ambn Hcp ]hm-N-I≥ ˛ apl-Ω-Zv\_n˛ Atd-_y-bn¬

\ntbm-Kn-X-\m-bXv. kºq¿W-amb Hcnkvemw ssZhw At±-l-Øn\v

\¬In. AXv temI-Øp-S-\ofw ]N-cn-∏n-°pI F∂ al-Ømb ZuXyw

At±lsØ G¬]n-°p-Ibpw sNbvXp. Atd-_y-bpsS `qan-imkvXw

]Tn-®p-t\m°q. k¿h-tem-I-Øn-\p-ap≈ Hcp ZuXy-Øns‚ tIµ-am-

bn-cn-°p-hm≥ AXn-s\-°mƒ A\p-tbm-Py-amb as‰mcp ]tZ-i-hp-an-

s√∂v ImWmw. Cu cmPy-Øns‚ InS∏v Gjy-bp-sSbpw B^n-°-

bp-sSbpw a[y-Øn-emWv. bqtdm-∏pw kao-]-Øp-X-s∂-bp≠v. hninjym,

A°m-eØv \mK-cn-I-]p-tcm-KXn ssIh-cn® bqtdm-]y≥ kaq-l-ß-fn-

e-[n-Ihpw \nh-kn-®n-cp-∂Xv bqtdm-]ns‚ sX°p-`m-K-Øm-bn-cp∂p.

B `mKw Atd-_y-tbmSv ASp-ØmWv. C¥ybpw Atd-_ybpw XΩn-

ep≈ AtX Zqc-Øn¬.

C\n, Atd-_y-bpsS NcnXw ]cn-tim-[n-®p-t\m-°pI. apl-ΩZv\_n-

bpsS ]hm-N-I-Xz-Øn\v Atd-_y≥P-\-X-tbmfw tbmPn® as‰mcp P\-

]Zw A∂p-≠m-bn-cp-∂n-s√∂v ImWmw. t]cp-tI´ a‰p kap-Zm-b-ß-sf√mw

* C_vdm-low-, Ckvam-Cu¬ F∂o ]hm-N-I∑m-cpsS Imew apl-ΩZv\_n°v 2500h¿jw apºmWv. Cu \o≠ Ime-L-´-Øn-\n-S°v Atd-_y-bn¬ Hcp ]hm-N-I≥h∂n-´n√.

41

Ckvemw

i‡n £bn®v Poh-—-h-ß-fmbn Xo¿∂ Imew. Ad-_n-I-fm-hs´, \h

ssNX-\y-am¿Pn® Poh¬k-ap-Zm-b-am-bn-cp∂p. CX-c- kap-Zm-b-ß-fnse

[m¿an-I-X-Øz-ßƒ, \mK-cn-I -]p-tcm-K-Xn-bpsS IpsØm-gp°n-sem-en-®p-

t]m-bn-cp∂p. F∂m¬, Ad-_n-Isf kpJ-tem-ep-]cpw Ae-kcpw lo\-

cp-am-°n-Øo¿°p∂ bmsXmcp \mK-cn-I-Xbpw A∂v cq]w ]m]n-®n-cp-

∂n√. \mK-cn-I- ]p-tcm-KXn ssIh-cn® kaq-l-ß-fn¬ A∂v ImW-s∏-ń-

cp∂ Xn≥a-I-fn¬\n∂v ap‡-cm-bn-cp∂p Ah¿. am\p-jnI KpW-ß-ƒ

an°Xpw Ah-cn-ep-≠m-bn-cp∂p. Ah¿ [oc≥amcpw \n¿ò-X-cp-am-bn-cp∂p;

DZm-ccpw Icm¿ ]men-°p-∂-h-cp-am-bn-cp∂p; kzX¥ Nn¥m-K-Xn-°m-cm-

bn-cp∂p; kzmX¥y t]an-I-fm-bn-cp∂p; Bcp-sSbpw ASn-a-I-fm-bn-cp-∂n√.

am\w Im°m≥ Poh≥t]mepw _en-b¿∏n-°p-am-bn-cp∂p; efn-X-Po-hn-X-

am-W-h¿ \bn-®Xv. BUw-_cw Ah¿°n-jvS-am-bn-cp-∂n√. F∂m¬, Ah¿-

°v Nne Zp¿Kp-W-ßfpw D≠m-bn-cp∂p F∂-Xn¬ X¿°-an√. F∂m-eXv

Xßsf kwkvImcw ]Tn-∏n-°p∂ Hcp ]hm-N-It\m ]cn-jvI¿Ømthm

2500 h¿j-ambn DS-se-Sp-°m-Ø-Xns‚ ê-am-bn-cp∂p.* \q‰m-≠p-I-fmbn

acp-`q-an-bn¬ kzX-¥-Po-hnXw \bn-®-Xns‚ ê-ambn A⁄X hym]-

I-am-bn-cp∂p Ah-cn¬. Hcp km[m-cW a\p-jy\v Ahsc kwkvI-cn-

s®-Sp-°phm-\m-Ip-am-bn-cp-∂n√. F∂n-cp-∂mepw, temIØv al-Ømb

Hcp hnπhw krjvSn-°p-hm-\p≈ Ignhv Ah¿°p-≠m-bn-cp∂p ˛ AXn\v

alm-\mb Hcp a\p-jy≥ Ahsc kwkvI-cn-s®-Sp-°Ww; Abm-fpsS

D∂-X-amb Bi-b-ßƒ D¬Ir-jvS-amb Hcp e£y-Øn-te-°-hsc \bn-

°Ww.

C\n, Ad_n`mj-bpsS Imcy-sa-Sp-°pI. G‰hpw D∂-X-amb Bi-

b-ßƒ ]I-Sn-∏n-°p-hm\pw ssZhnI ⁄m\-Ønse AXn-kq-£va-amb

kwK-Xn-Iƒ hnh-cn-°p-hm\pw Ad-_n-sb-°m-f-\p-tbm-Py-amb as‰mcp

`mj-bn√. P\-a-\- p-Isf lTm-Zm-I¿jn-°p∂ ssien-bp-ap-≠-Xn\v.

[mcmfw Bi-b-ß-fpƒs°m-≈n-°m≥ GXm\pw ]Z-ßƒ aXn. AkvXw

IWs° lrZ-b-Øn-te°v Xpf-®p-I-b-dp∂ i‡n B mj-°p≠v. ImXp-

Iƒ°v CX-tbsd a[pcw ]I-cp∂ `mjbpw thsd-bn√. AXns‚ cmK-

Øn-ep≥a-Ø-\mbn a\p-jy≥ kzbw ad∂v BSn-Øp-Sßpw. hnip≤ Jp¿-

B≥ t]mep≈ Hcp al¬ KŸ-Øn\v CØ-c-samcp `mj Xs∂-bmWv

Bh-iyw. Npcp-°-Øn¬, a\p-jy-cm-in-s°m-∂mbn Hcp ]hm-N-Is\

\ntbm-Kn-°m≥ Atd_y sXc-s™-SpØXv ssZh-Øns‚ al-Ømb

bp‡n-bm-bn-cp∂p!

42

Ckvemw

apl-ΩZv\_n-bpsS ]hm-N-IXzw ˛ sXfn-hp-Iƒ

Bbn-c-Ø-™qdv kwh-’-c-ßƒ°-∏p-d-tØ-s°m∂v Xncn-™p-t\m-

°pI. A∂v temIØv sSen-Km^pw sSen-t^m-Wp-an√. Xoh-≠nbpw tam-

t´m¿Im-dp-an√. ] n√, ]X-ß-fn√. ]pkvX-I-ß-fpan√. C∂p≈ bmXm-

ku-I-cy-ß-fn√. C°m-c-W-ß-fm¬, Atd_y CXc \mSp-I-fn¬\n∂v H‰-

s∏´p InS∂ Hcp cmPy-am-bn-cp∂p. Np‰p-ap≈ Cdm≥, tdmw, CuPn]vXv

F∂n-hn-S-ß-fn¬ hn⁄m\ Iem-im-kvX-ßƒ A¬]m¬]-ambn ]N-

cn-®n-cp∂p. ]t£, IsÆ-ØmØ aW¬°m-Sp-Iƒ Atd-_ysb B cm-

Py-ß-fn¬\ns∂√mw th¿s∏-SpØn \n¿Øn. Atd-_y≥ hym]m-cn-Iƒ

amk-ß-tfmfw acp-`qan Xm≠n B cmPy-ß-fn-se-Øn-s∏-´n-cp∂p. ]t£,

B _‘w hym]m-c-Øn¬ amX-sam-Xpßn. Atd-_y-bn-em-Is´, \mK-cn-

IX hnImkw ]m]n-®n-cp-∂n√. AhnsS ]mT-im-e-Itfm KŸm-e-b-ßtfm

D≠m-bn-cp-∂n√. hnZym- ymkw ]Nmcw t\Sn-bn-cp-∂n√. Fgp-Xm\pw hmbn-

°m-\p-a-dn-bp-∂-h¿ hnc-en-se-Æm-hp-∂-h¿ amXw. Ah¿°m-Is´, A°m-

esØ hn⁄m\ Iem-im-kvX-ß-fn¬ ]cn-Nbw D≠m-bn-cp-∂p-an√. hyh-

ÿm-]nX `c-Wtam \nb-a-hy-h-ÿtbm AhnsS C√m-bn-cp∂p. Hmtcm

tKmXhpw kz¥w \ne°v kzm[n-Im-cn-Iƒ. sIm≈bpw Ih¿®bpw

k¿hX. Ie-lhpw sImebpw k¿h-km-[m-cWw. a\p-jy-Po-h∂v hne

\jvS-s∏´ Imew. i‡¿ Ai-‡sc sIm∂v sIm≈-b-Sn®p.* hy`n-Nmcw,

aZy-]m\w, NqXp-Ifn F∂nh km¿h-XnIw. \·X ]c-ky-ambn ]Z¿in-

∏n-°p-∂-Xn¬ B¿°pw Hcp kt¶m-N-hp-ap-≠m-bn-cp-∂n√. kvXoIƒ

t]mepw ]cn-ip≤ IA-v_sb \Kv\-cmbn ]Z-£nWw sNbvXn-cp∂p. \nb-

a-hn-cp≤w, \nb-a-hn-t[bw F∂n-ß-s\-bp≈ hnth-N\w Ah¿°-\y-am-

bn-cp∂p. Hcp \nb-¥-W-Øn\pw hnt[-b-cm-Im≥ Ah¿ Xøm-dp-≠m-bn-cp-

∂n√. AX i‡-am-bn-cp∂p Ah-cpsS kzmX-¥y-t_m[w. Hcp hn[n-

I¿Øm-hn-s\bpw A\p-k-cn-°p-hm≥ Ah¿ k∂-≤-cm-bn√. inem ]Xn-

a-I-fm-bn-cp∂p Ah-cpsS ssZh-ßƒ. hgn-bn¬ I≠ `wKnbpw an\p-k-hp-

ap≈ GXv inebpw Ah¿°v ssZh-am-bn-cp∂p. BcpsS apºnepw Ip\n-

bmØ B inc- p-Iƒ ine-Iƒ°p apºn¬ btYjvSw Ip\n™p! B

* ' The Arab Civilization' (]pdw 10) F∂ IrXn-bn¬ s]m^. tPmk^v sl¬ (Jo-seph Hell ) Fgp-Xp∂p: ""CØcw hg-°p-Iƒ tZio-b-amb sFIy-t_m[w XI¿°p-Ibpw A]-cn-lm-cy-amb kzP-\-]-£-]mXw Ah-cn¬ hf¿Øn-hn-Sp-Ibpw sNbvXp.Xßƒ kzbw kºq¿W-cm-sW∂v Hmtcm tKmXhpw IcpXn. a‰p-≈-h¿ Xßƒ°vsIm√m\pw sIm≈-b-Sn-°m\pw Ih¿® sNøm-\p-ap≈ \nb-am-\p-krX Cc-I-fm-sW∂pw.''

43

Ckvemw

ine-Iƒ Xß-fpsS Bh-iy-ß-sf√mw \n¿h-ln-°p-sa-∂-h¿ hniz-

kn®p!

CΩ-ń-ep≈ Hcp kaq-l-Øn¬, CXp-t]m-ep≈ Hcp kml-N-cy-

Øn¬ Hcmƒ P\n-°p∂p. ssii-h-Øn¬Xs∂ amXm-]n-Xm-°ƒ At±-

lsØ hn´p-t]mbn. A¬]w Ign™v ]nXm-a-l\pw. B ]mb-Øn¬

e`n-t°-≠p∂ G‰hpw Ipd™ kwc-£Ww t]mepw \¬Im-\m-fn√.

hnthIw h∂ ]mb-Øn¬ Ad_n _me≥am-tcm-sSm∏w BSp

tabv°m≥ t]mhp-∂p. bphXzw ]m]n-®-t∏mƒ hym]m-c-Øn-te¿s∏-

Sp∂p. At±lw \n¬°p-∂Xpw Ccn-°p-∂Xpw \S-°p-∂Xpw ta¬ hnh-

cn® Xc-°m-cmb Ad-_n-I-fpsS IqsS-bmWv. hnZym-`ymkw t]cn\p

t]mepw At±-l-Øn\v e`n-®n-ń√. Fgp-Xmt\m hmbn-°mt\m Adn-

bn√. F∂m¬, At±-l-Øns‚ kz`m-hhpw at\m-K-Xnbpw a‰p-≈-h-cp-

tS-Xn¬\n∂v XnI®pw `n∂-amWv. At±lw BtcmSpw If-hp-]-d-bp-

∂n√; kt`y-Xc hm°p-I-fp-]-tbm-Kn-°p-∂n√; kw-km-c-Øn¬ ImTn-

\ytam ]mcp-jytam C√; a[p-chpw hn\-bm-\zn-X-hp-amb `mjWw. B

am[p-cy-Øm¬ P\-ßƒ At±-l-Øn-em-Ir-jvS-cm-hp∂p; A\y-cp-sS-Xm-

b-sXm∂pw At±lw sX‰mb hgn°v kz¥-am -°p -∂n√; hniz -

kvXXbm¬, P\-ßƒ hne-s∏´ hkvXp-°ƒ kq£n-°m-t\¬]n-°p-

∂Xv At±-l-sØ-bmWv. At±lw Ah kz¥w Poh-s\-sb-t∂mWw

kq£n-°p∂p. At±-l-Øns‚ kXy-k-‘X k¿hcpw AwKo-I-cn-

°p∂p; Ah-c-t±-lsØ "hniz-kvX≥' (A¬-A-ao≥) F∂v hnfn-

°p∂p. e÷bpw kt¶m-Nhpw At±-l-Øns‚ ]Ir-Xn-bm-bn-cp∂p.

t_m[wsh®-tijw \Kv\-\mbn Bcp-a-t±-lsØ I≠n-ń√. At±-l-

Øns‚ kZm-Nm-c-\njvT IWn-i-am-bn-cp∂p. Hc-\y-kvXosb At±lw

IÆp-b¿Øn t\m°n-bn-ń√. ]cn-ip-≤hpw \n¿a-e-hp-amb B ]IrXn

kIe hn[ A[¿a-ß-sfbpw shdpØp. aqVcpw aen-\-lr-Z-bcpw

t]m°n-cn-I-fp-amb P\-ß-fp-am-bp≈ kl-hmkw B kz`m-h-ßƒ

Dƒs°m-≈m≥ Hcn-°epw CS-bm-°n-bn√. At±-l-Øns‚ k¿h-I¿a-

ß-fnepw hrØnbpw shSn∏pw sXfn-™p-\n∂p. kaqlw \S-Øp∂

sIm≈bpw sImebpw I≠v B a\ v hyY ]q≠p. AXn-\m¬, Ie-

l-°m¿°n-S-bn¬ k‘nbpw kulr-Z-hp-ap-≠m-°m≥ At±lw ]cn-

i-an-°p∂p. At±-l-Øns‚ lrZbw Atß-b‰w Aen-hp-≈-XmWv.

A\y-cpsS ZpxJw At±-l-sØbpw ZpxJn-∏n-°p∂p; A\m-Y-I-sfbpw

hn[-h-I-sfbpw At±lw klm-bn-°p∂p. hni-°p-∂-h¿°m-lmcw

44

Ckvemw

\¬Ip∂p; bmX-°msc klm-bn-°p∂p. At±-l-Øn¬\n∂v B¿°pw

Hcp tZmlhpw t\cn-Sp-∂n√. _nw_-]q-P-I-tcm-sSm∏w Ign-™n´pw _nw_-

ß-sf-b-t±lw ITn-\-ambn shdp-°p∂p. Hcn-°-ep-samcp krjvSn-bpsS apºn-

e-t±lw Xe Ip\n-°p-∂n√. BIm-i-`q-an-I-fn-ep≈ hkvXp-°-sfm∂pw

]qP-b¿ln-°p∂n√ F∂ Bibw At±-l-Øns‚ A¥-cm-f-Øn¬\n∂v

kzbw ]pd-Øp-h-cp∂p. ssZhw H∂p-am-Xta D≠m-Imhq; H∂p-am-X-ta-

bp≈q F∂v At±-l-Øns‚ a\ v kzbw ]d-bp∂p. Aßs\ B a\p-

jy≥ aqV-cmb B P\-ßƒ°n-S-bn¬ th¿Xn-cn™v ImW-s∏-Sp∂p. Nc¬

°q-\-bnse cXv\w-t]mse; sImSpw-X-a- n-semcp `mkpc Zo]w t]mse!

\m¬]Xp hb- m-Ip-thmfw At±lw Cu hnin-jvShpw hnip-≤-hp-

amb PohnXw \bn-°p∂p. ]mh-\hpw am\yhpw DXvIr-jvS-hp-amb PohnXw.

B L´-Øn¬, X\n°v Np‰pw hym]n-®n-cn-°p∂ L\m-‘-Imcw At±-l-

sØ ]cn-`m¥ NnØ-\m-°p∂p. A⁄-Xbpw A[¿ahpw Acm-P-I-Xzhpw

_lp-ssZ-h-Xz-hpam-Ip∂ A‘-Im-c-ßƒ. HSp-hn-e-t±lw A‘-Im-c-ß-

fpsS Cu ]mcm-hm-c-Øn¬\n∂v tamN\w BK-ln-°p∂p. ImcWw, Ahn-

sS Xs‚ ]Ir-Xn-°n-W-ßp-∂-Xmbn H∂p-an√. Aßs\, At±lw Zqsc

Hcp ]¿h-X-Ønse Kpl-bpsS im¥-amb GIm-¥-X-bn¬ ]e Znh-kßƒ

Ign-®p-Iq-´p∂p. hX-ip≤n hcp-Øp∂p. a\- n\pw akvXn-jvI-Øn\pw

Gsd-tbsd ss\¿aeyw ssIh-cp-Øp∂p. Zo¿L-amb [ym\-Ønepw

Nn¥-bnepw apgp-Inb Zn\-cm-X-ßƒ. Np‰pw hym]n®p InS-°p∂ A‘-

Imcw \o°w sNøm-\p-X-Ip∂ Hcp ssIØncn A£-a-tbmsS At±lw

]c-Xp∂p. \mi-K¿Ø-Øn-em-≠p-t]mb, Zpjn® B temIsØ

A∏msS ]pXp-°n-∏-Wn-bm-\p-X-Ip-∂ Hcp i‡n X\n°v ssIh-s∂-

¶n-se-∂m-in-°p∂p˛ ]cn-ip-≤hpw im¥n-]q¿W-hp-amb Hcp \h-temIw

]Sp-Øp-b¿Øm-\p-X-Ip∂ Hcp i‡n-hn-tijw!

s]s´-∂Xm, At±-l-Øns‚ ÿnXn-bn¬ hºn® am‰w. Xm≥ tXSn-

s°m-≠n-cp∂ shfn®w s]mSp-∂s\ a\- n¬ ]Xy-£-amb t]mse.

apsºm-cn-°epw tXm∂mØ Hcp i‡n X∂n¬ h∂v \ndbpw t]mse.

Kpl-bpsS GIm-¥X hn´v At±lw ]pdØv hcp∂p. kz¥w kap-Zm-b-

Øns‚ ASp-°¬ sN∂v- C-]-Imcw DZvt_m-[n-∏n-°p∂p: "\nß-fm-cm-[n-

°p∂ Cu ]Xn-a-Iƒ Xo¿Øpw \njv]-tbm-P-\-amWv. kqcy˛-N-µ˛-\-

£-Xm-Zn-I-fpw BIm-i-`q-an-I-fnse kI-e- N-cm-N-c-ßfpw ssZh-Øns‚

krjvSn-Iƒ amXw. AtX ssZh-amWv \nß-fp-sSbpw kjvSmhv \nßƒ-

°v Blmcw Xcp-∂-X-h-\mWv. \nßsf Pohn-∏n-°p-∂Xpw acn-∏n-°p-∂-

45

Ckvemw

Xp-a-h-\mWv. AXp-sIm-≠-hs\ amXw Bcm-[n-°pI. Bh-iy-ßƒ Ah-

∂v amXw ka¿∏n-°pI; klmbw Ah-t\mSv amXw tXSpI. \nßƒ

sNbvXpIq´p∂ tamj-Whpw Ih¿®bpw aZy-]m-\hpw NqXm-´hpw hy`n-

Nm-c-hp-sa√mw h≥Ip-‰-ß-fmWv. ssZhw Xosc CjvS-s∏-Sm-Øh. AXp-

sIm-≠-h-sb√mw XyPn-°p-ho≥. kXyw amXw ]d-bpI; \oXn ]pe¿-

ØpI; A\y-cpsS Poh\pw [\-hp-a-]-l-cn-°-cpXv; CS-]m-Sp-I-fn¬ kXy-

k-‘X ]men-°pI; \nß-sf√mw a\p-jy-cmWv; a\p-jytcm ka≥amcpw.

hwiw, tKmXw, tZiw, mj, h¿Ww, cq]w, thjw, kºØv F∂n-h-bn-

sem∂pw Hcp amlm-fly-hp-an√. ssZh-`‡n, kXy-k-‘X, k¬°¿aw,

hnip≤ PohnXw ˛ Ch-bmWv amlm-fly-Øns‚ am\-ZWvUw. ac-Wm-\-

¥cw \nßƒs°√mw ssZh-k-∂n-[n-bn¬ lmP-cm-tI-≠-Xp≠v. \oXn-am-

\mb ssZh-Øns‚ k∂n-[n-bn¬ ip]m¿itbm ssI°q-entbm \S-°p-

I-bn√. Bcp-sSbpw tKmX-am-lmflyw KpWw sNøn√. kXy-hn-izm-

khpw kXvI¿ahpw amX-am-W-hnsS ]tbm-P-\-s∏-SpI. B Aaqey

kºØv ssIh-i-ap-≈-h¿ kz¿Kw ]qIpw. C√m-Ø-h¿ \c-I-Ønepw.

CXm-bn-cp∂p At±lw \¬Inb D]-tZ-i-Øns‚ Npcp°w. ]t£,

hnUvVn-I-fmb P\-ßƒ Ah-cpsS bYm¿Y KpWImw-£n-bmb B DØ-

a-]p-cp-js\ ]e-hn-[-Øn¬ tZmln-°p-I-bmWv sNbvXXv. Xß-fpsS

]q¿hn-Im-Nm-c-ßsf Bt£-]n®p, ap≥Km-an-Isf X≈n-∏-d™p XpS-ßn-

b-h-bm-bn-cp∂p Ah-c-t±-l-Øn¬ I≠ Ip‰w. B Ip‰-Øns‚ t]cn¬

Ah-c-t±-lsØ iIm-cn®p; Is√-dn™p; ITn-\-ambn a¿Zn®p; tZtlm-]-

Z-h-ta¬]n®p; Ah-km\w h[n-°p-hm≥ t]mepw KqVm-tem-N\ \SØn.

]Xn-aq∂v kwh-’-c-ßƒ Ah-c-t±-lsØ \nc-¥cw Iqc-ambn BI-

an®p sIm≠n-cp∂p. KXy-¥-c-an-√msX kztZiw shSn-bm≥ t]mepw

* kXy-am¿K-Øn¬ FXn¿∏ns‚ sImSp-¶m-‰p-Iƒ Xs∂ t\cn-tS-≠n-h∂p, ]hm-N-I∂v.At±lw AsX√mw ]p©n-cn-tbmsS t\cn´p. ]oW-\-ßƒt°m ]tem- -\-ßƒt°mhg-ßmsX At±lw Xs‚ am¿K-Øn¬ Dd-®p-\n∂p. oj-Wn-Iƒ \_nsb b-s∏-Sp-Øm≥ t]m∂-X√ F∂p-I≠ Ad-_n-Iƒ HSp-hn¬ as‰m-c-Shv ]tbm-Kn®p. AXpw,]t£, ]cm-P-b-Øn-emWv Iem-in-®Xv.

Jpssdin ]ap-J-c-S-ßp∂ Hcp \nth-ZI kwLw \_n-bpsS ASp-Øp-h∂p. `mhn-°m≥ Ign-bp∂ F√m sFlnI ]Xm-]hpw Ah¿ \_n°v sh®p-\o´n, At±-lsØhi-Øm-°m≥ th≠n. Ah¿ ]d™p: ""[\-amWv \n\°m-h-iy-sa-¶n¬ \n\-°n-jvS-ap-≈X [\w Rßƒ Xcmw. ÿm\-am-\-amWv tamln-°p-∂-sX-¶n¬ Rßƒ\ns∂ cmPm-hmbn hmgn°mw. kuµ-cy-Øn-emWv IsÆ-¶n¬ \o sXc-s™-Sp-°p∂kuµ-cy-[m-asØ \n\°v thfn Ign°mw.''

\_nsb h√-hn-t[-\bpw ZuXy-\n¿h-l-W-Øn¬\n∂v ]n¥n-cn-∏n-°p-I-bm-bn-cp∂p Ah-

46

Ckvemw

At±lw \n¿_-‘n-X-\mbn. F∂n-´p-a-h¿ AS-ßn-bn-cp-∂n√. At±lw

FØn-t®¿∂ ]tZ-iØpw h¿j-ß-tfmfw Ah-c-t±-lsØ ]e-hn-[-

Øn¬ iey-s∏-Sp-Øn-s°m-≠n-cp∂p.

Cu IjvS-X-I-sf√mw B alm-\p-`m-h≥ F¥n-\mWv kln-®Xv?

temI-Øn\v kXy-Øns‚ t\¿am¿Kw ImWn-®p-sIm-Sp-°m-\m-K-ln-®Xp-

sIm≠p-amXw. Cu ]pXnb Bi-b-ß-fp-t]-£n-°m≥ Xøm-dm-Ip∂ ]£w

Xß-fpsS t\XrXzw Xs∂ At±-l-Øn\v \¬Ip-hm-\-h¿ Xøm-dm-bn-cp∂p.

kº-Øns‚ Iqºmcw At±-l-Øns‚ ]mZ-ß-fn-e¿∏n-°m-\-h¿ Hcp-°-

am-bn-cp∂p.* ]t£, At±lw AsX√mw Xosc Ah-K-Wn®p. Xs‚ I¿Ø-

hy-\n¿h-l-W-Øn¬ ]X-dmsX \ne-sIm≠p. Hcmƒ kzm¿Y-em- -ßƒ°p-

th-≠n-b-√msX, A\y-cpsS \∑bpw t£ahpw amXw ap≥\n¿Øn

\m\m-Xcw IjvS-∏m-Sp-Iƒ t]dpI! GsXmcp P\-Øn\v th≠n At±-

l-anXv sNøp-∂pthm B P\w Is√-dn-bp-tºmƒ Ah-cpsS \∑-°p-

th≠n ]m¿Yn-°pI! CXn-ep-ap¬Ir-jvShpw DZm-Ø-hp-amb Bflm¿Y-

Xbpw KpW-Imw-£bpw \ap°v hn`m-h\ sNøm-\m-Iptam?

C\nbpw Nn¥n®p t\m°pI! B a\p-jy≥ Kpl-bnse GIm-¥-

hmkw hn´v ]pdØv hcp∂p˛ Hcp ]pXnb ktµ-i-hp-ambn. AtXmsS

FX hºn® am‰-am-W-t±-l-Øn¬ kw`-hn-°p-∂Xv! Ct∏m-g-t±lw Dcp-

hn-Sp∂ hm°p-Iƒ kmln-Xy-k-º-∂-amWv; A¿Y-Kw-ò-c-amWv; CØcw

hm°p-Iƒ apºmcpw ]d-™n-ń√. ]n∂oSpw ]d-™n-ń√. kz¥w Imhy-

]-Xn-`-bnepw ]kw-K-ssh-`-h-Ønepw kmln-Xy-]u-Vn-bnepw A`n-

am-\n-®n-cp-∂-h-cmWv Ad-_n-Iƒ. F∂m¬, Xm\p-cn-bm-Sp-∂Xp t]mep≈

cpsS Dt±iyw. Bscbpw Ffp-∏-Øn¬ hio-I-cn-°p-hm≥ t]m∂ ]tem-`-\-ßƒ.]t£, ]hm-N-Is‚ ZrjvSn-bn¬ Ah-sbX Xp—w! Hcp kvt^mS\w t]mse At±-l-Øns‚ adp-]Sn h∂p: ""sIm≈-ap-Xtem A[n-Im-ctam F\n-°p-th≠! P\-ßƒs°mcp ap∂-dn-bn-∏p-Im-c-\m-bn-´mWv ssZh-sas∂ \ntbm-Kn-®Xv. Ahs‚ktµiw \nßƒs°-Øn-°p-I-bmWv Rm≥. AXv kzoI-cn-®m¬ \nßƒ°otemIØv kuJyhpw kam-[m-\hpw t\Smw. ]c-tem-IØv imizX kpJhpw. kzoI-cn-°mØ ]£w \ap-°n-S-bn¬ ssZhw Xs∂ Xo¿∏p I¬]n-®p-sIm≈pw.''

as‰m-cn-°¬ \m´p aq∏-∑m-cpsS \n¿_-‘-Øn\v hgßn ZuXy-ap-t]-£n-°m≥ Xt∂m-Sm-h-iy-s∏´ kz¥w ]nXr-hy-t\m-S-t±lw ]d™p: ""]nXrhym! he-Xp-ssI-bn¬ kqcy-s\bpw CSXp ssIbn¬ Nµ-s\bpw Ah¿ sh®p-X-∂mepw Cu IrXy-Øn¬\n∂vRm≥ hnc-an-°p-∂-X√. H∂p-In¬ ]kvXpX iaw k -e-ambn ssZh-]oXn t\SpI.As√-¶n¬ B am¿K-Øn-em-bn-s°m≠v \in-°pI. c≠n-sem∂v kw`-hn-°p-∂-Xp-hsc Rm\nXv XpScpw.'' ]hm-N-Is‚ \nkvXp-e-amb \n›-b-Zm¿Vyhpw BZ¿i-\n-jvT-bp-amWv \man-hnsS ImWp-∂Xv.-

˛Jp¿inZv AlvaZv

47

Ckvemw

Hcp hmIy-sa-¶nepw \n¿an-°m≥ B \nc-£-c≥ Ah-sc-sbm-∂-S¶w

sh√p-hn-fn®p. ]t£, kz¥w ]cm-Pbw kΩ-Xn®v Ah¿ At±-l-

Øns‚ apºn¬ Xe-Ip-\n-°p-I-bm-bn-cp∂p. F¥n-t\sd, At±-l-

Øns‚ Xs∂ a‰p hN-\-ßfpw ]`m-j-W-ßfpw B ]tXyI hmIy-

ß-fpsS Kmwò-cyhpw A¿Y-]p-jvSnbpw kuµ-cyhpw kv^pcn-∏n-°p-∂-

h-bm-bn-cp∂n√. At±-l-Øns‚ kz¥w hN-\-ßsf, B ]tXy-I -h-

N-\-ß-tfmSv C∂pw Xmc-X-ay-s∏-SpØn t\m°q˛ Ah XΩn¬ hy‡-

amb A¥cw ImWmw.

Hcp hnZybpw A`y-kn-®n-ń-√mØ, acp-`q-hm-kn-bmb B a\p-jy≥

]d-bp-hm≥ XpS-ßnb kmc-K¿`hpw A¿Y-k-ºp-jvS-hp-amb hmIy-ßƒ

apºmcpw ]d-™-h-b√. C∂m¿s°-¶nepw ]d-bpI km[y-hp-a√. At±lw

Xs∂bpw, \m¬]Xp hb- n\v apºv, AØ-c-samcp hm°pw D®-cn-®n-´p-

an√. Fs¥√mw hnj-b-ß-fm-W-Xn¬ ssIImcyw sNø-s∏- Xv! km∑m¿Kn-

Ihpw [m¿an-Ihpw kmwkvIm-cn-Ihpw kmwk¿Kn-Ihpw kmº-Øn-Ihpw

cmjvSo-b-hp-amb sshhn-[y-am¿∂ hnj-b-ßƒ! F∂√, a\p-jy-Po-hn-X-

Ønse kIe ]iv\-ßƒ kw_-‘n®pw \nkvXp-e-amb \nb-a-ßƒ \nc-

£-c-\mb B a\p-jys‚ \mhn¬\n∂p-Xn¿∂p hoWp. Ah-bpsS bp‡n-

c-l-ky-ßƒ Npcp-f-gn-°p-hm≥ alm ]fin-X-cp-sSbpw _p≤n-Po-hn-I-fp-

sSbpw kwh-’-c-ßƒ \o≠ Nn¥bpw Kth-j-Whpw th≠n-h∂p.

temIw Kth-jW˛]T-\-ß-fn¬ ]ptcm-K-an-°p-t¥mdpw Ah-bn-e-S-ßnb

bp‡nbpw XØzhpw IqSp-X¬ IqSp-X-embn shfn-s∏-´p-sIm-≠n-cn-°p-

I-bpamWv. Bbn-c-Øn-ap-∂q-dn¬]cw* kwh-’-c-ßƒ sImgn-™p-

ho-sW-¶nepw At±lw sIm≠p-h∂ \nb-a-ß-fn¬ am‰-Øn-cp-Ø-ep-

Iƒ°v ]gp-tXXpw ImWp-∂n√. ]e \nb-a-kw-ln-X-Ifpw Bbncw

XhW \n¿an-°-s∏-Sp-Ibpw Xncp-Ø-s∏-Sp-Ibpw sNbvXn-´p≠v. ]t£,

Hmtcm ]co-£-Whpw ]cm-P-b-am-bn-cp∂p. F∂m¬, \ma-amX hnZym-

`ymkw t]mepw kn≤n-°mØ B a\p-jy≥ ]c-k-lmbw IqSmsX

\S-∏m-°nb \nb-a-Øns‚ Hcp hIp-∏p-t]mepw amt‰-≠-Xmbn h∂n-

ń√!

Ccp-]-Øn-aq∂p h¿jsØ Ime-L-´-Øn¬, At±lw kz¥w kz`m-

h-ta-∑-bpsS _e-Øm¬ _≤-ssh-cn-I-sf-t∏mepw Bfl anX-ß-fm°n

* 1932˛-emWv auem\m auZqZn Cu KŸw cNn-®Xv. ˛F-Un-‰¿** DlpZv bp≤-Øn¬, Ad_n tKmX-Ø-e-h-\mb A_q-kp-^vbms‚ mcy lnµv \_n-

bpsS ]nXr-hy≥ lwkbpsS Icƒ ISn®v Nh®v Acniw Xo¿Ø kw`hw.

48

Ckvemw

am‰n; FXn-cm-fn-Isf A\p-Iq-en-Ifpw. FXn¿°m≥ I®-sI´n cwK-

Øp-h∂ h≥i-‡n-Iƒt]mepw tXm¬hn kΩ-Xn®v At±-l-Øns‚

Im¬°¬ hoWp. HSp-hn-e-t±lw hnPbw t\Sn. At∏m-gp-a-t±lw iXp-

°-tfmSv ]Xn-Imcw sNbvXn√. BtcmSpw AIaw ]h¿Øn-®p-an√.

kz¥w ]nXr-hys\ h[n®v, Ic-sf-SpØv Nh-®p-Xp-∏n-b-h¿°v t]mepw

At±lw am∏p \¬In.** Xs∂ Is√-dn-bp-Ibpw _ln-jvI-cn-°p-Ibpw

B´n-tbm-Sn-°p-Ibpw sNbvX-h¿°pw hnP-bm-\-¥cw s]mdpØpsImSpØp.

Bsc-bp-a-t±lw h©n-®n√; DS-º-Sn-I-sfm∂pw ewLn-®n√. bp≤-Øn¬

t]mepw AIaw ImWn-®n√. _≤-ssh-cn-Iƒ°p IqSn At±-l-Øn-\p-

ta¬ AØ-c-sam-cm-tcm-]Ww D∂-bn-°p-hm-\m-bn√. CtX kXy-k-‘-

Xbpw [¿a\n-jvTbpwsIm≠mWv apgp-h≥ Ad-_n-I-fp-sSbpw lrZ-b-sØ-

b-t±lw an\p-k-s∏-Sp-Øn-bXv. ]n∂oSv AtX KpW-ß-fpsS ]n≥_-e-

Øm¬, k¿h-Zp¿Kp-W-ß-fp-sSbpw Ie-h-d-bm-bn-cp∂ B Ad-_n-Isf,

Ah-c-I-s∏´pInS∂ A⁄-Xm-‘-Im-c-Øn¬\n-∂-t±lw tamNn-∏n-°p-

Ibpw sNbvXp. Hcp ]cn-jvIrX kaq-l-am°n Ah-sc-b-t±lw

* PA-v^-dp_v\p A_o-Xzm-en-_ns‚ Ncn-X-]-kn-≤-amb ]kwKw CØ-cp-W-Øn¬]kvXm-hy-amWv. _lp-ssZ-hm-cm-[-I-cpsS a¿Z\w kln-°-h-øm-Xm-b-t∏mƒAb¬cm-Py-amb A_n-ko-\n-b-bn-te°v(C∂sØ FtXym]y) IpSn-tb-dp-hm≥ A\p-N-c-∑m-cn¬ Nne-tcmSv \_n Bh-iy-s∏-Sp-I-bp-≠mbn. Aßs\ Hcp hn`mKw A_n-ko-\n-b-bn-te°v t]mbn. \_n°pw A\p-bm-bn-Iƒ°p-sa-Xn-cn¬ F¥p ISpwssIbpwsNøp-hm≥ aSn-°m-Xn-cp∂ a°m ]am-Wn-am¿ shdp-sX-bn-cp-∂n√. Ah¿ A -bm¿Yn-Isf A\p-K-an®p. A_nko-\n-b≥ cmPm-hmb \÷m-in-tbmSv (t\Kkv) Ahsc_em-¬°mcw aS°n Ab-°m≥ Bh-iy-s∏´p. \_n XpS-ßn-sh® al-Ømb hnπ-h-Øn-te°v shfn®whoin-s°m≠v \÷m-in-bpsS sIm´m-c-Øn¬ A`-bm¿Yn-I-fn-sem-cm-fmb PA-v^¿ Hcp ]kwKw sNbvXp. AXns‚ cXv\-®p-cp-°-amWv NphsS:

""A√tbm! cmPmth, Rßƒ hnK-l-]q-P-I-cmb Hcp P\-X-bm-bn-cp∂p. Rßƒ ihwXo\n-I-fm-bn-cp∂p. lo\-am-b-sX¥pw sNøp-am-bn-cp∂p. _‘p-°-tfm-Sp≈ _m[yXRßƒ \nd-th-‰n-bn√. Ab¬hm-kn-I-tfmSv \nµy-ambn h¿Øn®p. Zp¿_-es‚ sNe-hn¬ i‡¿ XSn-®p-sIm-gpØp. Ah-km\w Rßsf kap-≤-cn-°m≥ ssZhw Hcp]hm-N-Is\ \ntbm-Kn®p. At±-l-Øns‚ kXy-k-‘X, A¥ v, B¿Phw, Zo\m-\p-Iº XpS-ßnb KpW-ßƒ Rßƒ°v kp]-cn-Nn-X-ß-fmWv. At±lw RßsfssZhm-cm-[-\-bn-te°v £Wn®p. hnK-lm-cm-[\ hne°n. kXyta ]d-bmhq F∂pwIcm¿ ]men-°-W-sa∂pw c‡-_‘w am\n-°-W-sa∂pw Ab¬°m¿°v KpWw sNø-W-sa∂pw At±lw Rßsf D]-tZ-in®p. A«oew h¿Pn-°-W-sa∂pw c‡-s®m-cn-®n¬ \n¿Ø-W-sa∂pw At±lw Rß-tfm-Sm-⁄m-]n®p. F√m-hn[ B`m-k-ßfpwAt±lw \njn-≤-am°n. If-hv]-d-b¬, A\m-Y-I-fpsS [\w A]-l-cn-°¬, ]Xn-h-X-I-fn¬ hy`n-Nm-c-°p‰w Npa-Ø¬ BZn-bm-b-h-sb√mw. BI-bm¬ Rß-f-t±-lsØhniz-kn®p; At±-lsØ ]n¥p-S¿∂p; At±lw ]d™ ]Imcw \S-°p-IbpwsNbvXp.''-

˛Jp¿inZv AlvaZv

49

Ckvemw

hm¿sØ-SpØp. Hcp hyh-ÿ°pw hg-ßm-Xn-cp∂ Ad-_n-Isf

temI-N-cn-X-Øn-ep-Zm-l-c-W-an-√mØ \nb-a-]m-e-I-cm-°n-Øo¿Øp. Hcp

`c-W-co-Xn°pw hnt[-b-am-Im≥ Xøm-dn-√m-Xn-cp∂ Ahsc ]uV-amb

Hcp `c-W-Øns‚ A\p-k-c-W-ap≈ ]P-I-fm°n am‰n. [m¿anI˛kZm-

Nmc KpW-ß-fpsS kv]¿i-ta-¬°mØ Ahsc AXyp¬IrjvS KpW-

ß-fpsS tIZm-c-am-°n-Øo¿Øp. C∂v Ah-cpsS NcnXw hmbn-°p-∂-

h¿ hnkva-b-kvX-_v[cm-bn-t∏m-Ip∂p. A[x-]-X-\-Øns‚ Bg-Øn¬

InS∂ Hcp P\X Hcp a\p-jys‚ ia-^-e-ambn, temI-Ønse AP-

ø-i-‡n-bm-hpI˛ AtXm, shdpw Ccp-]-Øn-aq∂v kwh-’cwsIm≠v!

* B¿X¿ se\m¿Uv ]d-bp∂p: ""kXy-Øn¬, Ckvemw al-Ømb Hcp IrXy-amWv\n¿h-ln-®Xv. a\pjy Ncn-X-Øn¬, am®p-I-f-bm-\m-hmØ Hcp ÿm\w AXv t\Sn-sb-Sp-Øn-cn-°p∂p. temIw C\nbpw hf¿∂pIgn-bp-tºmƒ amXta Ckvem-ans‚ÿm\w ]q¿W-ambn AwKo-I-cn-°-s∏-Sp-I-bp≈q.'' Hcp ap≥\nc imk-vX-⁄-\mbtPm¨ sZh≥t]m-ńs‚ \nco-£Ww ImWpI: ""Du¿P-X¥w, tPymXn-ximkvXw,XØz-imkvXw, KWn-X-imkvXw XpSßn ]Ømw-i-XIw apX¬ bqtdm-∏n¬ ]pjvSn-]m-]n-®p-h∂ hn⁄m\ imJ-I-sf-√mw-Xs∂, auen-I-ambn, Atd-_y≥ Nn¥m-[m-c-I-fn¬\n∂v Dcp-Øn-cn-™p-h-∂-h-bm-sW∂v kΩ-Xnt® ]‰q. kvs]bv\nse Ad-_n-Iƒ bqtdm-]y≥ XØz-Nn-¥-bpsS ]nXm-°-fmbn KWn-°-s∏-tS-≠-Xp-amWv.''

Quoted by A. Karim in "IS LAM's CO NTR IBUT IO N TO S CIENCE AND CIVILIZAT IO N.'

hnJymX _nójv Nn¥-I-\mb _¿S‚ v d ¬ C]-Imcw FgpXn: ""Ing-°ns‚ A[o-iXzw ssk\nI taJ-e-bn¬ amX-am-bn-cp-∂n√. imkvXw, XØz-Nn¥, Ihn-X, Ie-Iƒ˛F√mw apl-Ω-Zo-b-cpsS temIØv ]pjvSn]m]n®p. A∂v bqtdm∏v A⁄-X-bn-em≠p InS-°p-I-bm-bn-cp∂p. ]t£, bqtdm-∏p-Im¿ am∏¿ln-°mØ Hu≤-Xy-tØmsS B Ime-L-´sØ "Ccp≠ bpKw' F∂p hnfn®p. F∂m¬, Ccp´v bqtdm-∏n¬ amX-am-bn-cp∂p˛Xo¿®-bmbpw, InkvXy≥ bqtdm-∏n¬ amXw. ImcWw, A∂vapl-Ω-Zo-b-cpsS B[n-]-Xy-Øn-em-bn-cp∂ kvs]bn-\n¬ DPz-e-amb Hcp \mK-cn-IX\ne-\n-∂n-cp∂p.'' P AKIST ANQUART ER LY-Vol. IV.No. 3.

hnJymX Ncn-X-Im-c-\mb tdm_¿´v _nt^mƒ´v Xs‚ "T HEMAKING O F HISTOR Y' F∂KŸ-Øn¬ ]d-bp∂p: Ad-_n-I-fn-√m-bn-cp-s∂-¶n¬ Xß-fpsS ap≥Im-em-h-ÿ-IƒAXn-P-bn-°p-hm≥ klm-bn® KpW-ß-fpƒs°m-≈p-hm≥ bqtdm-]y≥ \mK-cn-I-X°van°-hmdpw Ign-bp-am-bn-cp-∂n√. Imc-W-ap≠v: Ckvem-anI \mK-cn-IX IS∂psN√mØ Hcp taJ-ebpw Is≠-ØpI km[y-a-s√-¶nepw B[p-\nI bpK-Øns‚\n¿Wm-bI i‡nbpw am\-hnI t\´-ß-fpsS apJy-tkm-X- p-amb imkvXobNn¥-bp-sSbpw ]Ir-Xn-im-kvX-im-J-I-fp-sSbpw taJ-e-bn¬ AXv sNep-Ønbkzm[o\w as‰m-∂nepw AX ]I-S-a√ F∂p-thWw Icp-Xm≥. "kb≥kv' F∂v\mw hnfn-°p-∂Xv Hcp ]pXnb At\z-jW ssNX-\y-Øns‚ ê-am-bn-cp∂p˛Kth-j-W-Øns‚ ]pXnb coXn-Iƒ, ]co-£-W-Øn-s‚bpw \nco-£-W-Øn-s‚bpw ]cn-am-W-Øn-s‚-bp-amb ]pXnb ]pXnb ssien-Iƒ; KWn-X-im-kvX-Øn¬ Ko°p-Im¿°p-t]m-ep-a-⁄m-X-amb cq]-Øn-ep≈ ]pXnb Im¬sh-∏p-Iƒ°m-bp≈ At\z-j-W-Xzc. B ssNX-\yhpw B coXn-Ifpw bqtdm-]y¿°v ]cn-N-b-s∏-Sp-Øn-bXv Ad-_n-I-fmWv.''

t]mK- ohv FUp-t°-j≥ Atkm-kn-tb-js‚ ÿm]-I-\mb Ãm≥hpUv tIm_v]d-bp∂p: ""bqtdm-∏n-ep-≠mb ssh⁄m-\nI \thm-∞m-\-Øns‚ bYm¿Y ImcWw

50

Ckvemw

XpS¿∂-h¿ temI-Ønse A∂sØ h≥ i‡n-I-sf-sb√mw lkz-

ImewsIm≠v XI¿ØpIf™p. temI-Øn-\-h¿ [¿ahpw kZm-Nm-

chpw a\p-jy-Xzhpw ]Tn-∏n-®p-sIm-SpØp. Ckvem-ans‚ in£-Whpw

A[ym-]-\-ßfpw ssII-fn-te¥n B^n-°-bnepw bqtdm-∏n-ep-a-h¿

hnP-b-t`cn apg°n.*

CXp-hsc ]d-™Xv At±lw Ad-_n-I-fn¬ ssIh-cn® t\´-ß-

sf-°p-dn-®mWv. F∂m¬, CXn-tesd hnkva-bm-h-l-amWv At±-l-

Øns‚ Bi-b-ßƒ temI-amsI Df-hm-°nb ^e-ßƒ. temI-Øns‚

Nn¥m-K-Xn-bnepw BNm-c-ß-fnepw \nb-a-kw-ln-X-I-fnepw At±lw

hºn® hnπhw krjvSn®p. At±-lsØ t\Xmhpw am¿K-Z¿in-bp-am-

bw-Ko-I-cn-®-h¿ amX-a√, FXn¿Ø-hcpw, _≤-ssh-cn-Iƒt]mepw, B

kzm[o-\-Øn¬\ns∂m-gn-hm-bn√ F∂-Xm-W-Zv`pXw. temIw ad-∂p-

t]mb GI-ssZh hnizm-k-Øns‚ i‡-\mb h‡m-hmbn At±lw

cwK-Øp-h-∂-tXmsS, _lp-ssZh hnizm-k-Ønepw hnK-l-]q-P-bn-ep-

a-[n-jvTn-X-amb aX-ßƒ t]mepw AXns‚ hml-I-cm-Im≥ \n¿_-‘n-

X-cmbn. At±-l-Øns‚ [m¿anI kZm-Nmc kn≤m-¥-ßƒ Atß-b‰w

]mtbm-Kn-I-am-bn-cp∂p. XZv^-e-ambn AXv A\y-k-Zm-Nmc kwln-X-

I-fn¬ h≥ kzm[o\w sNepØn. C∂pw sNep-Øn-s°m-≠n-cn-°p∂p.

\nbaw, cmPy-X¥w, kwkvImcw, \mK-cn-IX, imkvXo-b-Nn¥ XpS-

ßnb taJ-e-I-fn-e-t±lw \n¿tZin® XØz-ßƒ XnI®pw icnbpw

]cn-]-Iz-hp-am-bn-cp∂p. X∂n-anØw FXn-cm-fn-Iƒ t]mepw Ah sas√

sas√ ]I¿Øn-sb-Sp-°p-hm≥ XpSßn. C∂pw ]I¿Øn-s°m-≠n-cn-

°p∂p.*

A⁄-cmb Hcp kaq-l-Øn¬, A‘-Im-cm-hr-X-amb Hcp ]tZ-

i-ØmWv Cu a\p-jys‚ P\\w. \mev]Xp hb- p-hsc CS-b-hr-

Ønbpw hym]m-c-hp-a-√m-sXm-∂p-a-t±lw sNbvXn-´n√. hnZym-`ym-ktam

Ckvemw Bbn-cp∂p.''( Quoted by Robert. L.Gullick Jr. in 'Mohammad the Educator ')-˛Jp¿inZv AlvaZv

* ]hm-N-I-s\m-cn-°¬ ]d™p: ""IS-°m-c-\mbn ac-W-a-S-bm-\n-S-bp≈, As√-¶n¬,ac-W-tijw _‘p-°sf \ncm-ew-_-\m-°n-tb-°m-hp∂ h√-h-cp-ap-s≠-¶n¬ Fs∂kao-]n-°s´. Ah-cp-sS-sb√mw c£m-I¿Øm-hmWv Rm≥.''- Xncp-Zq-X-cpsS PohnXwCXn∂v DØa km£n-bsX.-

˛Jp¿inZv AlvaZv

51

Ckvemw

in£-Wtam e`n-®n-ń√. AΩ-ń-ep≈ Hcp a\p-jy∂v \mev]Xv XnI-

™-t∏m-tg°pw Fhn-sS-\n-∂mWv s]mSp-∂s\ Cu Ign-hp-I-f-Xbpw

kn≤n-®Xv? FhnsS\n∂m-W-t±-l-Øn\v ⁄m\w e`n-®Xv? `Wm-[n-

]≥, ssk\y-\m-b-I≥, ]cn-jvI¿Ømhv, cmPy-X-¥-⁄≥, \nb-a-

⁄≥, XØz-⁄m\n F∂o \ne-I-fn-se√mw At±lw AZzn-Xo-b-

\m-bn-cp∂p. AtX kabw Xs∂ At±lw \ni-bpsS \o≠-bm-a-ßƒ

ssZhm-cm-[-\-bn¬ apgp-Ip∂p. `mcym-k-¥m-\-ß-tfm-Sp≈ ISa \n¿h-

ln-°p∂p. AK-Xn-Iƒ°pw Ai-c-W¿°pw tkh\w sNøp∂p.* `c-

Wm-[n-Imcw ssIbn¬ h∂n´pw shdp-samcp Zcn-Z-s\-t∏mse Pohn-

°p∂p; ]\-tbm-e-sIm-≠p-≠m-°nb ]cp-]-cpØ ]mb-bn-ep-d-ßp∂p;

]cp-°≥ hkvX-ßƒ [cn-°p∂p. efn-X-amb Blmcw amXw Ign-

°p∂p. Nne-t∏mƒ ]ńWn InS-°p-Ibpw sNøp∂p.

Cu tbmKy-X-I-sf√mw AWn-\n-c-Øn-s°m≠v, Xm≥ Hc-am-\p-j-

\m-sW∂v At±lw hmZn®p F∂p sh°pI. F¶n¬ B¿°mWv AXv

Jfin-°p-hm≥ Ign-bpI? F∂m¬ kXy-k-‘-\mb B a\p-jy≥

F¥mWv ]d-™-sXt∂m? H∂pw Xt‚-X-s√∂v! F√mw ssZh-Øns‚-

Xm-sW∂v! Rm≥ \nß-fpsS apºn¬ ka¿∏n-°p∂ Cu \nkvXpe hmIy-

ßƒ˛ GsXm-∂n\v Xpey-ambn Hcp -hm-Iy-sa-¶nepw cNn-°p-∂-Xn¬ temIw

]cm-P-b-s∏- pthm B hmIy-ßƒ˛ Rm≥ kzbw cNn-®-h-b√; Fs‚ ]Xn-

-bpsS e-a√; Ah ssZh-Øns‚ hmIy-ß-fmWv. Ah-bpsS t]cn-ep≈

k¿h _lp-a-Xnbpw ssZh-Øn-∂mWv; Rm≥ sNøp∂ Imcy-ß-fm-

Is´, Fs‚ kz¥w bp‡n-bp-sSbpw ]m]vXn-bp-sSbpw ê-a√. ssZh-

\n¿tZiw A\p-k-cn-®p-≈h amX-amWv. Nn¥n®p t\m°pI: CXbpw

kXy-k-‘-\mb a\p-jy≥ ]hm-N-I-\mWv F∂ Imcyw Fßs\

\ntj-[n°pw? At±-l-Øns‚ tbmKy-X-Ifpw Ign-hp-Ifpw I¿a-ßfpw

ap≥\n¿Øn XØp-ey-\mb as‰mcp hy‡nsb temI Ncn-X-Øn¬

Is≠-Øm-\m-hptam?* CX-sbms° tbmKy-X-I-fp-≠m-bn´pw AXn¬

Al-¶-cn-°p-Itbm AXn-s‚ _lp-aXn kzbw Ah-Im-i-s∏-Sp-Itbm

sNøp-∂-Xn\v ]Icw Ah X\n°v ]Zm\w sNbvX ssZh-Øn-s‚-Xm-

sW∂v Xpd∂v ]Jym-]n-°p-I-bmWv At±lw. F∂n-cns°, At±-l-

Øn¬ hniz-kn-°m-Xn-cn-°m≥ F¥p-Im-c-W-am-Wp-≈Xv? kz¥w

* temI-Ønse \qdp alm-∑msc "The hundreds' F∂ KŸ-Øn-eqsS ]cn-N-b-s∏-Sp-Ønb ssa°¬ F®v. lm¿´v ]Ya ÿm\w \¬In-bXv apl-ΩZv\_n-°m-sW-t∂m¿°pI.

˛ ]km-[-I¿

52

Ckvemw

tbmKy-X-I-sf-∏‰n "CsX√mw ssZh-Z-Ø-amWv' F∂v At±lw ]d-bp-

tºmƒ "A√, CsX√mw \ns‚- X-e-bn¬\n∂v Xs∂ DZv`-hn-®-XmWv'

F∂v \msa-¥n\v ]d-bWw? I]-S-∑m¿ A\y-cpsS tbmKy-X-Iƒ

t]mepw kz¥-am-°n-Øo¿°m-\mWv ian-°pI. F∂m¬, At±-l-am-

Is´, Xt‚-sX∂v \njv]-bmkw hmZn-°m-hp∂ tbmKy-X-Iƒ t]mepw

kz¥-sa-∂-h-Im-i-s∏-Sp-∂n√. ]kvXpX tbmKy-X-Iƒ At±-l-Øn∂v

e`n-°p∂ am¿K-sØ-∏‰n a‰m¿°p-a-dn-™p-IqSm. XZ-Sn-ÿm-\-Øn¬

Hc-am-\p-j-\m-sW∂v hmZn-®m¬ t]mepw Bsc-Xn¿°m≥? F∂n´pw

AX-t±lw ]d-bp-∂n-s√-¶n¬ At±-l-sØ-°mƒ henb kXy-hm≥

a‰m-cmWv?

Ct±-l-atX, \ΩpsS t\Xmhv. k¿h-tem-I-Øn-∂p-ap≈ ]hm-N-

I-\mb apl-ΩZv apkvX^m Xncp-ta\n(k). At±-l-Øns‚ ]hm-N-I-

Xz-Øn-\p≈ sXfnhv At±-l-Øns‚ kXy-\n-jvT-bmWv. At±-l-

Øns‚ al-XvIr-Xy-ßƒ°pw kz`mhta∑°pw PohnX hnip-≤n°pw

NcnXw km£n-bmWv. lrZ-b-ip-≤n-tbmSpw kXy-k-‘-X-tbmSpw \oXn-

t_m-[-tØmSpw IqSn B NcnXw ]Tn-°p∂ GXv \njv]-£\pw

At±lw Hcp ]hm-N-I≥ Xs∂-sb∂v kΩ-Xn°pw. At±lw temI-

k-a£w ka¿∏n® ssZh-hm-Iy-ß-fpsS kam-lm-c-amWv ]cn-ip≤ Jp¿-

B≥. Xpd∂ lrZ-b-tØmsS, t_m[-]q¿hw B KŸw ]mcm-bWw

sNøp∂ Bcpw AXv \n w-i-b-ambpw Hcp ssZhnI KŸ-am-sW∂v

]d-bm≥ \n¿_-‘n-X-\mhpw. AØ-c-samcp KŸw cNn-°pI a\pjy

Ign-hn-∂-Xo-X-am-sW∂pw Abm-fw-Ko-I-cn-t°-≠n-hcpw.

]hm-N-IXz ]cn-k-am]vXn˛sXfn-hp-Iƒ

C∂v Ckvem-ans\ bYm-hn[n Adn-bp-hm-\p≈ GI-am¿Kw hnip≤

Jp¿-B\pw ]hm-NI Ncy-bp-amWv. apl-ΩZv\_n apgp-h≥ a\p-jy¿°p-

ap≈ ]hm-N-I-\mWv. At±-l-tØm-Sp-IqSn ]hm-N-IXz ]c-ºc ssZhw

F∂-t∂-°p-ambn Ah-km-\n-∏n-®n-cn-°p∂p. ssZhw Xs‚ Zmk-∑m¿°v

\¬Im-\p-t±-in-®n-cp∂ kIe \n¿tZ-i-ßfpw A¥y ]hm-N-I≥ hgn

\¬In-°-gn-™n-cn-°p∂p. Cu ]hm-N-I-\n¬ hniz-kn-°p-Ibpw At±-l-

sØ A\p-K-an-°p-Ibpw sNtø-≠Xv kXym-t\z-jn-Ifpw bYm¿Y ssZh-

Zm-k-∑m-cm-bn-cn-°m≥ Dt±-in-°p-∂-h-cp-amb F√m-h¿°pw \n¿_-‘-amWv.

"]hm-N-I-Xz-Øns‚ bmYm¿Yyw' F∂ io¿j-I-Øn¬ apºv \nßƒ

Nne Imcy-ßƒ Kln-®p-ht√m. A°m-cy-ßƒ apºn¬sh®v Nn¥n-®m¬

53

Ckvemw

]hm-N-I≥ Zn\w ]Xn P\n-°-bn-s√∂pw Hmtcm kap-Zm-b-Ønepw F-

t∏mgpw ]hm-N-I≥am¿ htc≠ Bh-iy-an-s√∂pw a\- n-em°mw. Hcp

]hm-N-Is‚ PohnXw At±-l-Øns‚ A[ym-]-\-ß-fpsS Pohn-°p∂

amXr-I-bm-bn-cn°pw. B A[ym-]-\-ßƒ \ne-\n¬°p∂ Ime-tØmfw

]hm-N-I≥ Pohn-®n-cn-°p∂p F∂-XmWv ^ew. Cu ASn-ÿm-\-Øn¬,

apl-ΩZv \_n-bpsS ap≥Km-an-I-fmb ]hm-N-I-∑m-cmcpw Pohn-®n-cn-∏n√.

Ah-cpsS A[ym-]-\-ßƒ bYm¿Y cq]-Øn¬ \ne-hn-en√ F∂Xp Xs∂

ImcWw. Ah-cpsS A\p-bm-bn-Iƒ Ah-bpsS cq]w am‰n-°-f-™n-cn-°p-

∂p. Ah¿ sIm≠p-h∂ ssZh KŸ-ß-fn-sem-∂p-t]mepw bYm¿Y cq]-

Øn-en-∂n√. B ]hm-N-I-∑m-cpsS A\p-bm-bn-Iƒ°p-t]mepw Aß-s\-

bp-s≠∂v hmZ-an√. kz¥w ]hm-N-I-∑m-cpsS Pohn-X-N-cy-Iƒ t]mepw

Ah¿ ad∂p. ap≥ ]hm-N-I-∑m-cn¬ Hcm-fp-sSbpw bYm¿Yhpw hnizm-k-

tbm-Ky-hp-amb Pohn-X-Ncy Cs∂-hn-sSbpw e`y-a√. FhnsS, Ft∏mƒ

P\n®p; Fs¥ms° ]h¿Øn®p; Fßs\ Pohn®p; Fs¥√mw \n¿tZ-

in®p; Fs¥√mw \ntcm-[n®p˛CsXm∂pw Ah-sc -kw-_-‘n®v Dd-

∏n®p ]d-bpI km[y-a√. F∂m¬, apl-ΩZv\_n C∂pw Pohn-®n-cn-

∏p≠v! Imc-Ww, At±-l-Øns‚ in£W \n¿tZi-ßfpw Pohn-X-N-

cy-Ifpw C∂pw \ne-\n-¬°p∂p. At±lw sIm≠p-h∂ hnip≤ Jp¿-

B≥ AXns‚ bYm¿Y A£-c-ß-tfmsS C∂p-ap≠v. AXn-semcp

am‰hpw kw`-hn-®n-´n√. ]hm-N-Is‚ hm°pw ]hr-Ønbpw Ncy-bp-

sa√mw kpc-£n-X-am-bn-cn-°p-∂p≠v. Bbn-c-Øn-ap-∂q-dn¬]cw kwh-

’-c-ßƒ°p tijhpw \mw Xncp-ta-\nsb t\cn¬ ImWp-∂Xp t]mse,

Ah-bpsS sXfn™ NnXw Ncn-X-Øn¬ tcJ-s∏´p InS-∏p≠v. apl-

ΩZv\_n-bpsS PohnXw tcJ-s∏-Sp-Ønb AX kpc-£n-X-ambpw

kq£va-ambpw as‰mcp alm-]p-cp-j-s‚bpw PohnXw NcnXw tcJ-s∏-

* Hcp ]hm-N-Is‚ km∂n-[y-Øn¬ Abm-fpsS klm-b-Øn-\mbn as‰mcp ]hm-N-Is\ \ntbm-Kn-°p-I-sb∂ \mem-a-sXmcp cq]hpw km[y-amWv. ]t£, Rm\Xvhn´p-I-f-bm≥ ImcWw, hnip≤ Jp¿-B-\n¬ AXn\p c≠p-Zm-l-c-W-ß-tf-bp≈qF∂-XmWv. klm-bn-I-fmb ]hm-N-I-∑msc \ntbm-Kn-°¬ A√m-lp-hns‚ Hcps]mXp \nb-a-am-sW∂v B c≠p-Zm-l-c-W-ßƒsIm≠v amXw sXfn-bp-I-bn√.-

˛KŸ-Im-c≥

** ]pXn-sbmcp ZuXy-Øn\v Hcp \n›n-X-Imew Ign-™m¬ aXn F∂v Nne¿ ]d-bp∂p. ]Xn-aq∂p \q‰m-≠p-Iƒ°p apºv Ah-X-cn® Hcp aXw A]m-tbm-Kn-IhpwIme-l-c-W-s∏-´Xpw ]pXp-bp-K-Øns‚ Bh-iy-ßƒ \n¿h-ln-°p-hm≥ A]m-]vX-hp-am-bn-cn-°p-sa-∂m-W-h-cpsS hmZw. XnI®pw ASn-ÿm\ cln-X-am-WnXv. Imc-W-ßƒ ]dbmw:

1. Ckvem-anI in£-W-ßƒ imiz-X-amWv. ImcWw, `qX˛`mhn˛ h¿Ø-am-\-ß-f-dn-bp∂ ssZh-amWv Ah Ah-X-cn-∏n-®Xv. `mhn-bpsS Ahy-‡-amb Ihm-S-Øn-te-

54

Ckvemw

Sp-Øn-bn-ń√. Pohn-X-Ønse GXp kµ¿`-Øn\pw GXv ]iv\-Øn\pw

Xncp-ta-\n-bpsS Pohn-X-Øn¬\n∂v \ap-s°mcp amXrI e`n°pw. apl-

ΩZv\_n°v tijw as‰mcp ]hm-N-I≥ Bh-iy-an-s√-∂-Xn\v Cu

sXfn-hp-Iƒ Xs∂ [mcm-f-amWv.

Hcp ]hm-N-I-∂p-tijw as‰mcp ]hm-N-Is‚ BK-a-\-Øn\v aq∂n-

semcp ImcWw D≠m-hmsX hø. H∂v: BZy ]hm-N-Is‚ A[ym-]-\-

ßƒ \mam-h-ti-j-am-bn-t∏m-hp-Ibpw Ahsb ]p\¿Po-hn-∏n-t°≠ Bh-

iyw t\cn-Sp-Ibpw sNøpI. c≠v:- BZy ]hm-N-Is‚ in£Ww A]q¿W-

am-hp-Ibpw AXn-\m¬ AXn¬ t`Z-K-Xntbm Iqń-t®¿°tem \S-tØ-

≠-Xmbn hcn-Ibpw sNøpI. aq∂v:- BZy ]hm-N-Is‚ in£-W-ßƒ

* \_n(k)]d-bp∂p: F\n-°p-tijw C\n-sbmcp ]hm-N-I≥ D≠m-Ip-∂X√.'' as‰m-cn-°¬ At±lw ]d™p: ""Fs‚bpw F\n°v apºp-≈-h-cp-sSbpw D]-a-bn-XmWv:Hcmƒ Hcp aµncw ]WnXp. AXns\ kpµ-chpw kp`-K-hp-am°n. ]t£, Hcp aqe-°-√ns‚ ÿm\w Hgn-hm-°n-sh®p. P\-ßƒ AXns\ ]Z-£nWw sh°p-IbpwAXns‚ at\m-lm-cn-X-bn¬ AZv`pXw Iqdp-Ibpw sNbvXp. F¥p-sIm≠v Hcp I√p-IqSn sh®n√ F∂-h¿ tNmZn®p. B I√v Rm\m-Ip∂p. Rm\tX, A¥y-]-hm-N-I≥.'' (_pJmcn, apkvenw).-

˛Jp¿inZv AlvaZv

s°-Øn-t\m-°m≥ ]cn-an-Xn-I-fp≈ a\p-jy-Zr-jvSnt° Ign-bm-Xp≈q. ÿe-Ime ]cn-an-Xn-Iƒ°-Xo-X-\mb ssZhw Aß-s\-b√.

2. Ckvemw a\p-jy-]-Ir-Xn-bn-e-[n-jvTn-X-amWv. a\p-jy-]-Ir-Xn-°m-Is´ am‰-an√. ]ucm-WnI a\p-jys‚ AtX aqi-bn¬Ø-s∂-bmWv a\p-jy-sc√mw hm¿°-s∏-ń-cn-°p-∂Xv. a\p-jys‚ auenI ]Ir-Xn°v am‰-an√.

3. a\p-jy-Po-hn-X-Øn¬ imiz-Xn-I-X-bp-sSbpw am‰-Øn-s‚bpw LS-I-ßƒ°n-S-bn¬kpµ-c-amb Hcp kao-I-c-W-ap≠v. F√mw imiz-X-a√. F√mw am‰-Øn\v hnt[-b-hp-a√. ASn-ÿm\ ]am-W-ßfpw auen-I-aq-ey-ßfpw am‰sØ kzoI-cn-°p-I-bn√._mly-cq-]-ß-fmWv Ime-Øn-\-\p-k-cn®v amdp-∂Xv. ]cn-K-W-\o-b-amb Nne XØz-ß-fpsS shfn-®-Øn¬ am‰n-bn-´p-≈Xpw Ah-Xs∂. imiz-Xn-IX, am‰w˛ Ch c≠n-s‚bpw Bh-iy-ßƒ Ckvemw \nh¿Øn-®n-´p≠v. Ckvem-ans‚ imizX XØz-ß-fmWv Jp¿-B-\nepw kp∂-Øn-ep-ap-≈Xv. AXXv ImesØ Bh-iy-ß-f-\p-k-cn®vAh ]tbm-Kn-°-s∏-Sp-∂Xv CPvXn-lm-Zn-eq-sS-bmWv. Pohn-X-Øns‚ auenI XØz-ßƒ°pw imizX aqey-ßƒ°pw A\p-kr-X-ambn a\p-jy-k-aq-l-Øns‚ imiz-X-amb hnIm-k-Øn-∂-\p-cq-]-amb Ahn-I-e-am-sbmcp hyhÿ sIń-∏-SpØ GI-aXwCkvem-atX.

4. imkvXo-b-ambn t\m°n-bmepw `qan-bn¬ a\p-tjym¬]Øn DZvLm-S\w sNbvXp-sh® AtX-bp-K-Øn-emWv a\p-jy≥ C∂pw Pohn-°p-∂Xv. a\pjy Pohn-X-Øns‚]kvXpX Xe-Øn¬ ]d-b-Ø° bmsXmcp am‰hpw kw`-hn-®n-ń√. \mK-cn-I-X-IƒDZv`-hn-°p-Ibpw AkvX-an-°p-Ibpw sNbvXp. kwkvIm-c-ßƒ \msº-Sp-°p-IbpwNc-a-a-S-bp-Ibpw sNbvXp. kmam-Py-ßƒ P∑-sa-Sp-°p-Ibpw Nmº-em-hp-IbpwsNbvXp. F¶nepw, Imew ]m]-©nI ]cn-Wm-a-Øns‚ al-Ømb irwJ-e-bn¬]Xn-hn≥]Sn \ne-sIm-≈p∂p. AXn-\m¬ \q‰m-≠p-Iƒ°p apºv \¬I-s∏-s´mcp\nba kwlnX Imew sN√pt¥mdpw A]m-tbm-Kn-I-am-bn-Øocpw F∂ hmZw ASn-ÿm-\-c-ln-Xhpw A_-≤-P-Sn-e-hp-amWv.

55

Ckvemw

*Ckvem-ans‚ kmt¶-XnI `mj-bn¬"ico-AØv'.

Hcp ]tXyI kap-Zm-b-Øn\v amX-am-bn-cn-°p-Ibpw AXn-\m¬ a‰p

kap-Zm-b-ßƒ°v thsd ]hm-N-I≥ Bh-iy-ambn hcn-Ibpw sNøpI.*

Cu aq∂p Imc-W-ß-fn-sem-∂p-t]mepw Ct∏m-g-h-ti-jn-°p-∂n√.

H∂m-a-Xmbn, apl-Ω-Zv\_nbpsS A[ym-]-\-ßƒ C∂pw kpc-£n-

Xhpw kPo-h-hp-ambn \ne-\n¬°p-∂p≠v. At±-l-Øns‚ auenI hnizm-

k-I¿a-ß-sf-s¥m-s°-bm-bn-cp∂p; \n¿tZi-ß-sf-¥m-bn-cp∂p; At±lw

\S-∏m-°nb PohnX coXn-tbXv; \in-∏n-®-h-tbXv˛XpS-ßnb Imcy-ßƒ

GX-h-k-c-Ønepw \njv]-bmkw a\- n-em-°p-∂-Xn\p≈ am¿K-ßƒ kpc-

£n-X-ambn \ne-hn-ep≠v. B \ne°v XZzn-j-b-I-ambn as‰mcp ]hm-

N-Is‚ Bhiyw t\cn-Sp-∂n√. c≠m-a-X-mbn, apl-Ω-Zv\_n aptJ\

temI-Øn\v Ckvem-ans‚ ]cn-]q¿W in£Ww \¬I-s∏-´n-cn-°p∂p.

C\n-b-Xn¬ h√Xpw Iq´p-Itbm Ipd-bv°p-Itbm sNtø-≠-Xn√. t`Z-

K-Xnbpw Bh-iy-an√. as‰mcp ]hm-N-I≥ h∂v ]cn-l-cn-t°≠ Hcp

\yq\Xbpw AXn-∂n√. AXn-\m¬, c≠m-asØ Imc-Whpw \ne-hn-

en√.** aq∂m-a-Xmbn, Xncp-ta\n Hcp ]tXyI kap-Zm-b-Ønt\m cmjvS-

Ønt\m amX-a√, k¿h temI-Øn-\p-ap≈ ]hm-N-I-\m-bn-´mWv

\ntbm-Kn-X-\m-bXv. kIe a\p-jy¿°pw At±-lØns‚ in£-Ww-

Xs∂ [mcmfw aXn. AXn-\m¬, C\n Hcp kap-Zmb-Ønt\m cmPy-

Ønt\m th≠n Hcp ]hm-N-I≥ htc≠ Bhiyw Ah-ti-jn-°p-

∂n√. X∑qew aq∂m-asØ Imc-W-Øn\pw ]k-‡n-bn√.

CXp-sIm-≠mWv apl-Ω-Zv\_n(k)sb hnip-≤-Jp¿-B≥ ""JmØ-

ap-∂-_n-øo≥''F∂v hnti-jn-∏n-®n-´p-≈Xv. "]hm-N-IXz ]c-ºc Ah-

km-\n-∏n-®-h≥' F∂m-W-Xn-∂¿Yw.* C\n, apl-Ω-Zv\-_n-bpsS am¿Kw

kzbw ]n¥p-S -cp -Ibpw temIsØ AXn-te°v £Wn-°p-Ibpw

sNøp∂ Hcp P\-X-bm-Wm-hiyw. apl-Ω-Zv\_n sIm≠p-h∂ \nb-a-

ßƒ \S-∏m-°p∂ Hcp hyhÿ ÿm]n-°p-∂-Xn-\mbn k¿h-hn[

XymK-ßfpw hcn-°m≥ k∂-≤-X-bp≈ Hcp P\X.

hnizmkImcy-ßƒhnizm-k -Im-cy-ß-fn-te°v IS-°p-∂-Xn\p apºmbn Ign™ A[ym-

56

Ckvemw

b-ß-fn¬ ]Xn-]m-Zn® Imcy-ßƒ H∂p-IqSn ]cn-tim-[n°mw.

1. "Ckvem-ans‚ A¿Yw ssZh-Øn-\p≈ A\p-k-cWw, Iogvh-

W°w Fs∂m-s°-bmWv. ssZh-Øns‚ kØ, KpW-ßƒ, ssZh-

am¿Kw, ]c-temIw F∂n-h-sb-°p-dn®v icn-bmb ⁄m\an√msX

"Ckvemw' Dƒs°m-≈m-\m-hn√. Cu ⁄m\w ssZh-Øns‚ ]hm-N-

I-∑m¿ aptJ\ amXta e`n°q. At∏mƒ, "Ckveman's‚ icn-bmb

\n¿h-N\w"]hm-N-Im-[ym-]-\-ß-fn¬ hniz-kn-®p-sIm≠pw ]hm-NI

amXrI ]n≥]-‰n-s°m≠pw ssZh-Zm-k-\mbn Pohn-°pI' F∂m-bn-Øo-

cp∂p. ]hm-N-Is‚ klm-b-an-√msX t\cn´v ssZhsØ A\p-k-cn-

°p∂p F∂v hmZn-°p-∂-h≥ Hcn-°epw apkven-a√.

2. ap≥Im-e-ß-fn¬ Hmtcm kap-Zm-b-Ønepw sht∆sd ]hm-N-I-

∑m¿ h∂p-sIm-≠n-cp∂p˛Htc kap-Zm-b-Øn¬Øs∂ Hcmƒ°v tijw

as‰m-cmƒ F∂ \ne-bn¬. A°m-eØv, Hmtcm kap-Zm-bsØ kw_-

‘n®pw "Ckvemw' F∂Xv AXXv kap-Zm-b-Ønse ]hm-N-I-∑m¿

Ah-cn¬ ]t_m-[\w sNbvX aX-Øns‚ t]cm-bn-cp∂p. Ckvem-ans‚

auenI XØz-ßƒ F√m ImeØpw F√m cmPyØpw H∂p-Xs∂

Bbn-cp-∂p-sh-¶nepw \nba-hy-h-ÿ-Ifpw Bcm-[-\m-am¿K-ßfpw* hn`n-

∂-ß-fm-bn-cp∂p. AXn-\m¬, Hcp kap-Zm-b-Øn\v B kap-Zm-b-Øn-

te°v \ntbm-Kn-X-cmb ]hm-N-I-∑m-cn¬ amXta hniz-kn-t°-≠n-bn-

cp-∂p≈q. CXc kap-Zm-b-ß-fnse ]hm-N-I-∑msc A\p-K-an-t°≠

Bhiyap≠m-bn-cp-∂n√.

3. apl-Ω-Zv\_n, F√m a\p-jy-k-aq-l-ßƒ°p-ap≈ ]hm-N-I-\mbn

\ntbm-Kn-°-s∏-Sp-Ibpw At±lw aptJ\ Ckvemw ]q¿Øo-I-cn-°-s∏-

Sp-Ibpw sNbvXp. AtXm-sSm∏w temI-Øn\v apgp-h-\p-ambn Htc "ico-

AØv' \¬I-s∏-Sp-Ibpw sNbvXp. AtXm-sSm∏w temI-Øn\v apgp-h-

\p-ambn Htc \nb-a-hy-hÿ \¬I-s∏-Sp-Ibpw sNbvXp. apl-Ω-Zv\-

_n-bpsS ZuXyw Hcp ]tXyI kap-Zm-b-Ønt\m Hcp ]tXyI cmPy-

Ønt\m D≈-X√. Hcp ]tXyI Ime-tØ°v amX-hp-a√. adn®v, apgp-

h≥ a\p-jy-hw-i-Øn\pap≈-XmWv; F√m Ime-tØ-°p-ap-≈-XmWv.

ap≥ ]hm-N-I-∑m¿ sIm-≠p-h∂ ico-A-Øp-I-sf√mw Xncp-ta-\n-bpsS

BK-a-\-tØmsS Zp¿_-e-s∏´p. C\n temIm-h-km\w hsc as‰mcp

]hm-N-I≥ hcn√. ssZh-Øn-¶¬\n∂v as‰mcp PohnX ]≤Xn Ah-

57

Ckvemw

se√mw hniz-kn-°p-Ibpw, At±-l-Øns‚ B⁄-Iƒ ssZh-Øn-s‚-

Xm-sW∂v kΩ-Xn®v Ahsb k¿hm-fl\m A\p-k-cn-°p-Ibpw sNøp-

∂-Xn-\mWv C∂v "Ckvemw' F∂v ]d-bp-∂Xv. apkven-am-Ip-hm≥ \n¿_-

‘-]q¿hw hniz-kn-t°-≠tXm, hniz-kn-°m-Xn-cp-∂m¬ Im^n-dm-bn-t∏m-

Ip-sa∂v `b-t°-≠tXm Bb Hcp ]hm-N-I\pw C\n hcm-\n√.

CXbpw Imcy-ß-fmWv ap≥ A[ym-b-Øn¬ ]Xn-]m-Zn-®Xv. C\n,

apl-Ω-Zv\_n hniz-kn-°m-\m-h-iy-s∏´ Imcy-ß-sf-s¥∂pw Ah FX-

amXw bp‡n`Z-am-sW∂pw At\z-jn°mw.

ssZh-Øn-ep≈ hnizmkw

apl-Ω-Zv\_nbpsS ]Y-ahpw auen-I-hp-amb A[ym-]\w "emC-

eml C√-√mlp' F∂-XsX. A√m-lp-h-√msX thsd Hcn-em-lp-an√

F∂mWo hmIy-Øn-\¿Yw. Ckvem-ans‚ ASn-ÿm-\-amWo hmIyw.

Hcp apkven-ans\ Ahn-izm-kn-bn¬\n∂pw _lp-ssZh hnizm-kn-

bn¬\n∂pw \mkvXn-I-\n¬\n∂pw th¿Xn-cn-®p-\n¿Øp-∂Xv Cu hmIy-

amWv. Cu hmIyw kΩ-Xn-°p-∂-hcpw \ntj-[n-°p-∂-hcpw XΩn¬

`oa-amb hyXymkw D≠m-bn-Øo-cp∂p. AXv kΩ-Xn-°p-∂-h¿ Hcp

hn`m-Khpw \ntj-[n-°p-∂-h¿ as‰mcp hn`m-Khpambn-am-dp∂p. AXv

kzoI-cn-°p-∂-h¿°v Cl˛]c-tem-I-ß-fn¬ hnP-bhpw tam£-hp-ap≠v.

Xnc-kvI-cn-°p-∂-h¿°m-Is´ ]cm-P-bhpw lo\-Xzhpw amXhpw.

a\p-jy¿°n-S-bn¬ kwPm-X-am-Ip∂ Cu h≥ A¥cw "emw',

"Aen^v', "lm' F∂o A£-c-ßƒ IqSn-t®¿∂ Hcp ]Zw D®-cn-°p-

∂-Xns‚ amXw ^e-a√. "Iz\o≥' F∂ ]Zw e£w XhW Dcp-hn-

A·n-bpsS ]Ir-Xn-sb-°p-dn® hnizm-kw ASp-∏n¬ ssIbn-Sp-∂-

hnip≤ hmIy-Øns‚ A¿Yw

BZy-ambn "Cemlv' F∂ ]Zw FSp-°pI. "C_m-Z-Øn-∂¿l-\m-

b-h≥' F∂m-W-Xn-∂¿Yw. k¿thm-]-cn-bmb ]Xm] i‡n-bp-sS-bpw

Hu∂-Xy-Øn-s‚bpw ASn-ÿm-\-Øn¬ Bcm-[n-°-s∏-Sp-hm\pw A\p-

k-cn-°-s∏-Sp-hm\pw ASn-a-hrØn sNø-s∏-Sp-hm\pw `b-`‡n _lp-

am-\-ß-tfmsS inc- p-Iƒ Ip\n-°-s∏-Sp-hm\pw A¿l-X-bp-≈-h≥

F∂v kmcw. a\p-jy-_p-≤nsb Aº-c-∏n-°-Ø-°-hn[w hn]p-e-amb

i‡namlm-fly-ap -≈-h≥ F∂ A¿Yhpw "Cemlv' F∂ ]Zw

Dƒs°m-≈p∂p. temI-Ønse kIe hkvXp-°fpw Bi-bn-°p-∂-

58

Ckvemw

* DZm-l-c-W-ambn Ko°v `mj-bn¬ Oeo' s F∂pw em‰n-\n¬ Deus F∂pw tKmØn-°n¬ G uth F∂pw P¿a\n¬ Goth F∂pw BWv ]d-bpI(F≥ssk-t¢m-]o-Unb_n´m-\n°, hmfyw 10, t]Pv 46, Nn°mtKm˛1056)

h\pw kI-ecpw klm-b-a¿Yn-°p-∂-h\pw AtXm-sSm∏w Bcp-sSbpw

Bibw Bh-iy-an -√m-Ø-h\pw Bb i‡n F∂ Bi-bhpw

"Cemln'eS-ßn-bn-´p≠v. AZr-iy≥ F∂ A¿Yhpw AXn-e-¥¿`-hn®p

InS-°p∂p. a\p-tjy-µn-b-ßƒ°v ImWm≥ Ign-bmØ hn[w Ign-hp-

Iƒ tKm]y-am-bn-cn-°p-∂-h-s\bpw "Cemlv' F∂p ]dbpw. t]¿jy\n¬

"JpZm' F∂pw lnµn-bn¬ "tZhX' F∂pw Cw•o-jn¬ "tKmUv'F∂pw

]d-bp-∂-Xns‚ A¿Yhpw GXm≠v CXp Xs∂. temI-Ønse CXc

-`m-j-I-fnepw Cu Bibw [z\n-∏n-°p-hm≥ ]tXyIw hm°p-I-fp≠v.*

"A√mlp' F∂ ]Zw GIssZh-Øn-\p≈ ]tXyI \ma-amWv.

At∏mƒ "em Ceml C√-√mlp' F∂ hmIy-Øns‚ A¿Yw

A√mlp F∂ t]tcm-Sp-Iq-Snb GI-ssZ-h-sam-gn®v thsdmcp "Cem-

ln√' F∂mbn. AXm-bXv, ]qP-°¿l-\mbn A√m-lp-h-√msX a‰m-

cp-an√. Bcm-[\, ASn-a-hrØn, A\p-k-cWw F∂o cq]-Ønepw Xe-

Ip-\n-°-s∏-Sp-hm≥ A¿l-\mbn Ah-\-√msX a‰m-cp-an√; DS-a-ÿ\pw

hn[n-I¿Ømhpw Ah≥ amX-amWv; kIe hkvXp-°fpw Ahs‚

Bin-X-cmWv. kI-ecpw Ah-t\mSv amXw klm-b-a¿Yn-°m≥ \n¿_-

‘n-X-cmWv. Ah≥ AZr-iy-\mWv.- CsXm-s°-bm-W-Xp-sIm-≠p≈

hnh£.

C\n AXns‚ s]mcp-sf-¥m-sW∂v ]cn-tim-[n°mw. ]pcm-X\ Ncn-

Xhpw ]ucm-WnI P\-X-Xn-I-fpsS kvamcI Nn”-ßfpw \sΩ ]Tn-

∏n-°p∂ Hcp hkvXp-X-bp≠v: a\p-jy≥ F°m-eØpw ssZh-Øn¬

hniz-kn®v AXns\ Bcm-[n-®n-cp-∂p-sh-∂-Xm-WXv. C∂v Pohn-°p∂

]cn-jvIr-Xcpw A]-cn-jvIr-X-cp-amb kap-Zm-b-ß-sfm-s°bpw GtXm

coXn-bn¬ ssZh-hn-izm-kn-Ifpw ssZhsØ Bcm-[n-°p-∂-h-cp-amWv.

CXv ssZh-sØ-°p-dn-®p≈ Nn¥ a\p-jy-]-Ir-Xn-bn¬ \neo-\-amb

H∂m-sW∂v hy‡-am-°p∂p. Hcp i‡nsb ssZh-ambn kzoI-cn®v

AXns\ Bcm-[n-°p-hm≥ \n¿_-‘n-°p∂ Hcp t]cI i‡n a\p-

jy-\n¬ ]IrXym Xs∂-bp≠v. F¥mWv Cu t]c-I-i‡n? kz¥w

AkvXn -Xz -sØbpw a‰p a\p -jy -cpsS ]cn -Xx -ÿn -Xn -I -sfbpw

kkq£vaw ]Tn-®m¬ B tNmZy-Øn-∂p-Øcw ImWmw.

59

Ckvemw

a\p-jy≥ bYm¿Y-Øn¬ Hc-Sn-a-bm-bn-´mWv P\n-°p-∂Xv. Ah≥

a¿Yn-°p-hm≥ Ahs\ D’p-I-\m-°p∂p. X\n°v \mi-\-jvS-ta-¬]n-

°p∂ i‡n-I-sf-°p-dn® Adnhv Ah-bpsS tIm]-Øn¬\n∂v c£

]m]n-°p-∂-Xn-\p≈ am¿K-ßƒ tXSm≥ Ahs\ DZyp-‡-\m-°p∂p.

a\p-jy≥ A⁄-X-bpsS Xmtg ]Sn-bn-em-bn-cn-°p-tºmƒ i‡nbpw

]Xm-]-hp-ap-≈-Xmtbm KpW-tZm-j-ßƒ sNøm≥ ]m]vXn-bp-≈-Xmtbm

Ah∂v tXm∂p∂ hkvXp-°sf ssZh-sa∂v [cn-°p∂p. Aßs\,

]m]-©nI ]Xn-`m-k-ß-fn¬ an°-Xn-s\bpw Ah≥ ]qPn-°p-Ibpw

Bcm-[n-°p-Ibpw sNøp∂p. F∂m¬, ⁄m\-am-Ip∂ ]Imiw

hym]n®p XpS-ßp-∂-tXmsS Ah-sb√mw Xs∂-t∏mse Ai-‡cpw

Bin-Xcpw ASn-a-I-fp-am-sW-∂-h≥ a\- n-em-°p∂p. FX `oIc

P¥phpw Hcp sImXp-In-s\-t∏mse NØp-t]m-Ip∂p. Hcn-°¬ Iqew

IpØn-sbm-gp-Ip∂ h≥ \Zn-Iƒ t]mepw as‰m-cn-°¬ h‰n hc≠p

t]mIp∂p. ]¿h-X-ßsf a\p-jy≥ Xs∂ CSn®v \nc-Øp∂p. hr£-

e-Xm-Zn-Iƒ apf-∏n-°p-I-sb-∂Xv `qan-bpsS kz¥w A[n-Imc ]cn-[n-

bn¬ s]´-X√. Pe-Øns‚ kl-I-c-W-an-s√-¶n¬ `qan \n -lm-b-

bmWv. sh≈-Øn-∂p-an√ tkz—m-[n-Imcw. AXv Im‰ns\ Bi-bn-

°p∂p. Im‰n\pw kzm[n--Im-c-an√. AXp-≠m-hp-∂Xpw C√m-Xm-hp-∂Xpw

a‰p Nne-Xns\ Bi-bn-®mWv. kqcy˛Nµ˛\£-XmZn tKmf-ßfpw

Nne \nb-a-ßƒ°v hnt[-b-amWv. B \nb-a-ßƒs°-Xn-cmbn H∂-\-

ßm≥ t]mepw Ah-bv°m-hn√. Cßs\ Nn¥n-°p∂ a\p-jya\ v

AZr-iyhpw cl-ky-hp-amb i‡n-I-fn-te°v \oßn-Øp-S-ßp∂p. Cu

]Xn-`m-k-ßƒ°p ]n∂n¬ Nne AZriy i‡n-Iƒ Hfn™pInS-

∏ps≠∂pw Ah-bm-Wn-sX√mw \nb-¥n-°p-∂-sX∂pw Ah¿ Icp-Xn-

GI ssZh-sØ-°p-dn-®p≈ hn`m-h-\-bn¬ ]ns∂bpw A⁄-X-Iƒ

kzm[o\w sNep-Øn-bn-cn°pw. Nne¿ ssZh-Øn-s\mcp ÿqe-i-cocw

k¶-¬]n°pw. Ah-s∂m-cn-cn-∏n-Shpw. AXn-en-cp-∂v A-h≥ `cn-°p-I-

bmWv! a‰p Nne¿ ssZh-Øn\v `mcym k¥m-\-ßsf I¬]n-°p∂p.

ssZh-Øn-s‚-Xmb Hcp k¥m-\ ]c-º-cbpw. ssZhw a\p-jy-cq-]-Øn¬

CS-°nsS qan-bn-en-d-ßn-h-cp-∂p-sh-∂mWv a‰p Nne-cpsS k¶¬]w. ]]-

©-am-Ip∂ Cu hyh-km-b-ime \S-Øn-hn´v ssZhw Fhn-sStbm

hniaw sIm≈p-I-bm-sW∂v hniz-kn-°p-∂-h-cp-ap≠v. C\nbpw Nne¿,

]pWy-hm-f-∑m-cp-sSbpw alm-flm-°-fp-sSbpw ip]m¿ibpw a[y-ÿ-hp-

an-√msX ssZh-km-ao]yw km[y-a-s√∂v sX‰n-≤-cn-°p∂p. a‰p Nne¿

60

Ckvemw

ssZh-Øn\v Xß-fpsS k¶-¬]-Øn-ep≈ Hcp cq]w \¬In AXns\

]Xn-jvT-bm°n ]qPn-°p∂p. Cß-s\-sb-s¥√mw A⁄-X-Iƒ!

^etam, Ah¿ ]ns∂bpw _lp-ssZh hnizm-k-Ønepw Ahn-izm-k-

Ønepw Xs∂ IpSp-ßn-°n-S-°p∂p.

""em Ceml C√√m''bpsS ]Zhn k¿thm¬Ir-jvS-amWv. ssZhw

F√m ImeØpw kz¥w ]hm-N-I-∑m¿°p \¬Inb bYm¿Y ⁄m\-

am-WnXv. CtX ⁄m\hpwsIm≠mWv BZn-]n-Xm-hmb BZw BK-X-

\m-bXv. CtX ⁄m\-amWv C_vdmlow, aqkm, Cukm XpS-ßnb

]hm-N-I-∑m¿°v \¬I-s∏-´n-cp-∂Xv. CtX ⁄m\-Øns‚ shfn-

®hpwsIm≠mWv HSp-hn¬ apl-ΩZv\_nbpw BK-X-\m-bXv. CXv X\n-

a-bm¿∂ ⁄m\-amWv˛ A⁄-X-bpsS Ie¿∏n-√mØ ⁄m\w. ]hm-

N-I-∑m¿°v \¬I-s∏´ Cu ⁄m\-Øn¬\n∂pw apJw Xncn®pIf-

™-XmWv P\-ßƒ _lp-ssZh hnizm-k-Ønepw hnKl ]qP-bnepw

Ahn-izm-k-Ønepw AI-s∏´p t]mb-Xns‚ tlXp. Cu sNdp-hm-Iy-

Øn¬ FX henb bmYm¿Yy-am-W-¥¿`-hn-®n-´p-≈-sX∂v t\m°pI:

1. ZnhyXz hn`m-h\:- AXn-hn-im-e-amb Cu _lvam-fi-I-Sm-l-

Øns‚ DZv`h˛]cn-Wm-a-ß-sf-°p-dn®p Nn¥n-°p-tºmƒ \ΩpsS

akvXnjv°w Xf¿∂pt]mIp∂p. Cu ]]©w \ap-°-⁄m-X-amb

Imew apX¬ Nen-®p-Xp-S-ßn-bn-´p≠v. \ap-°-⁄m-X-am-b -Imew hsc

Nen®psIm≠n-cn-°p-Ibpw sNøpw. CXn¬ A‰-an-√mØ krjvSn-Iƒ

P\n-°p∂p. A\p-\n-anjw \S∂p sIm≠n-cn-°p∂ AZv`p-X-ßƒ a\p-

jy-_p-≤nsb kw`-an-∏n-°p∂p. Aß-s\-bp≈ Cu ]]-©-Øn¬

ssZh-am-bn-cn-°p-∂-h∂v Nne KpW-hn-ti-j-ßƒ IqSntb Xocq: Ah≥

km[y-a√. Ah-sbm∂pw ssZh-a√. ImcWw, Znhy-Xz-Øns‚ IWnI

t]m-epw H∂n-ep-an√. Ahbv°v Znhy-Xz-Øn¬ ]¶p-an√. CXmWv ]cn-

ip≤ hmIy-Ønse BZy-`m-K-amb ""emC-eml''(Hcp ssZh-hp-an√)

F∂Xp sIm≠p≈ hnh£.

4. Ct∏mƒ, ]]-©-Ønse kIe hkvXp-°-fn¬\n∂pw Znhy-

XzsØ \nt»jw FSp-Øp-I-f™p. C\n \mw kΩ-Xn-t°-≠Xv F√m-

‰n\p-ap-]cn Hcm-kvXn-Iy-ap-s≠∂pw Znhy-Xz-Øns‚ apgp-h≥ KpW-ßfpw

Ah-\n¬ amXw ktΩ-fn-®n-cn-°p-∂p-sh∂pw Ah-s\m-gnsI thsd Hcp

ssZh-hp-an-s√∂pw BWv. CXmWv""C√-√mlp''hne-S-ßnb Bibw.

CXtX G‰hpw henb ⁄m\w. Kth-j-W-\n-co-£-W-ßƒ Gsd-

61

Ckvemw

tbsd \S-Øp-t¥mdpw ⁄m\-Øns‚ BZy-_n-µphpw A¥y-_n-µphpw

""C√-√mlp''F∂ kXyw amX-am-sW∂v \ap°v t_m[y-amhpw.

]]© bmYm¿Yy-ßƒ ]cn-tim-[n-°p-∂-Xn-∂p≈ imkvX-hn-⁄m-

\o-b-ß-fnse GXp imJ-bn¬ Kth-jWw \S-Øn-bmepw˛AXv ]Ir-

Xn-im-kvXtam, ck-X-¥tam tPymXn-x im-kvXtam, `qan-im-kvXtam,

Poh-im-kvXtam BIs´˛Kth-jWw ]ptcm-K-an-°p-t¥mdpw, ""em

Ceml C√-√mlp''hns‚ kXym-hÿ kqcy-]-Imiw t]mse sX-

fn™p ImWp-Ibpw AXn-ep≈ hnizmkw IqSp-X¬ ZrV-am-hp-Ibpw

sNøpw. amX-a√, Cu kXyw \ntj-[n®p Ign-™m¬ ]ns∂, ]]-

©-Ønse kIe hkvXp-°fpw A¿Y-iq-\yhpw ]tbm-P-\-c-ln-X-hp-

am-sW∂v imkvXob Kth-j-W-Ønse Hmtcm Im¬-sh-∏nepw t_m[y-

s∏-Sp-Ibpw sNøpw.

GIssZh hnizm-k-Øns‚ e-ßƒ

""em Ceml C√√m''AwKo-I-cn-°p-∂Xp aqew Pohn-X-Øn-ep-≠m-

bn-Øo-cp∂ kZv^-e-ß-tfh? AXv \ntj-[n-°p-∂-Xn-\m¬ a\p-jy≥

Cl-tem-IØpw ]c-tem-IØpw A[-a\pw ]cm-Pn-X-\p-am-bn-Øo-cp-∂-

sX-¥p-sIm≠v?

1. hnip-≤ -hmIyw a\p-jys\ hnim-e-a-\-kvI-\m-°p∂p. ImcWw,

BIm-i- q-an-I-fpsS kjvSmhpw k¿h-tem-I-ß-fp-sSbpw DS-a-ÿ\pw ]cn-

]m-e-I\pamb Hcp ssZh-Øn-em-W-h≥ hniz-kn-®n-cn-°p-∂Xv. Cu hnizm-

k-Øn\v tijw ]]-©-Øn-ep≈ bmsXm∂pw Ah∂v A\y-ambn

tXm∂p-I-bn√. Xs‚bpw as‰√m hkvXp-°-fp-sSbpw c£n-Xmhv Hcm-fm-

sW∂pw Xß-sf-sb√mw Htc bP-am-\s‚ Zmk-∑mcpw Htc cmPm-

hnP-b-Øn\v Ah-b-√msX a‰p t]mwhgn-I-fn-s√∂v Abmƒ a\- n-

em-°p∂p. ImcWw, Xm≥ hniz-kn-°p∂ ssZhw Bcp-sSbpw Bibw

Bh-iy-an-√m-Ø-h-\mWv; BtcmSpw ]tXyI _‘-an-√m-Ø-h-\mWv;

\njv]-£\pw \nkzm¿Yn-bp-amWv; \oXn-am-\mWv. ]c-a-i-‡-\mWv. Znhy-

Xz-Øn¬ a‰m¿°pw Hcp ]¶pw A\p-h-Zn-°m-Ø-h-\mWv. AXn-\m¬,

Bfl-ip-≤nbpw k¬°¿a-hp-a-√msX, Xs‚ c£°pw hnP-b-Øn\pw

a‰p hgn-I-fn√. F∂m¬, _lp-ssZ-h-hn-izm-kn-I-sfbpw Ahn-izm-kn-

I-sfbpw hymP-]-Xo-£-Ifpw hymtam-l-ß-fp-amWv \bn-°p-∂Xv.

ssZh-]p-X-∑m¿ Xßƒ-°mbn kzbw _en-b¿∏n-°p-sa-∂mWv Nne-

cpsS hnizmkw. a‰p Nne¿, Xßƒ ssZh-Øns‚ ]nb-s∏-´-hcpw

62

Ckvemw

ASpØ _‘p-°-fp-am-sW∂v Icp-Xp∂p. AXn-\m¬, Hcn-°epw

ssZhw Xßsf in£n-°p-I-bn√. alm-flm-°ƒ Xßƒ°p th≠n

ssZh-tØmSv ip]m¿i sNøp-sa-∂mWv thsd Nne-cpsS hnizmkw.

tZh-X-Iƒ°v Nne hgn-]m-Sp-Iƒ sImSp-Øm¬ ]ns∂ F¥pw ]h¿Øn-

°p-hm-\p≈ ssek≥kmbn F∂mWv thsd Nne-cpsS [mcW. ]m]-

ß-fnepw ZpjvI¿a-ß-fnepw AI-s∏-SpI amX-amWv CØcw hymP-

hn-izm-k-ß-fpsS êw. Ah Bfl-ip-≤o-I-c-W-Øn¬\n∂pw k¬-

°¿a-ß-fn¬\n∂pw i≤ Xncn-®p-hn-Sp-Ibpw sNøpw. \mkvXn-I-cm-Is´,

kz¥w ZpjvIr-Xy-ßsf tNmZyw sNøp∂ Hcm-kvXn-Iy-Øn¬ hniz-kn-

°p-t∂-bn√. X∂n-anØw k¿h-X-¥-kz-X-¥-cmWv Xßsf∂-h¿ Icp-

Xp∂p. tZtl-—-I-fm-W-h-cpsS ssZh-ßƒ. Ah¿ Ah-bpsS Zmk-∑mcpw.

5. hnip≤ hmIyw a\p-jy∂v Bibpw ]Xo-£bpw \¬Ip∂p. \ncm-

i Ahs\ _m[n-°p-Itb C√. ImcWw, ]]-©-Ønse k¿h-`-fim-c-

ß-fp-sSbpw DS-a-ÿ-\mWv Ah≥ hniz-kn-°p∂ ssZhw. Ah≥ k¿h-

⁄\pw HuZm-cy-hm\pw k¿h-i-‡-\p-amWv. Cu hnizmkw Ah∂v

Akm-[m-c-W-amb a\x-im-¥nbpw kwXr-]vXnbpw ]Zm\w sNøp∂p. Ah-

s‚ lrZ-b-Øn¬ kZm ]Xym-i-Ifpw ]Xo-£-Ifpw \nd-™n-cn°pw.

kIe Ihm-S-ßfpw sImń-b-S-bv-°-s∏-´mepw PohnX am¿K-ßƒ Hs∂m-

∂mbn \jvS-s∏-´mepw ssZhw Xs∂ ssIsbm-gn-°n√. ssZh-Øns‚

HuZm-cy-Ønepw i‡n-bnepw hnizm-k-a¿∏n-®p-sIm≠v ]pXnb ]Xo-£-

I-tfmsS, ]Xym-i-I-tfmsS Abmƒ A[zm-\n-®p-sIm-≠n-cn°pw. Cu

a\x-im¥n ]Zm\w sNøp-hm≥ ssZh-hn-izm-k-Øn-∂√msX km[y-

a√. Ahn-izm-kn-I-fm-Is´ Akz-ÿ-Nn-Ø-cm-bn-cn°pw. Ah¿ icWw

]m]n-°p-∂Xv _e-lo-\-amb AkvXn-Xz-ß-fn-emWv. X∑qew B]-8.

Xm¬]cyw. Cu hnizmkw FX-I≠v CuSp-‰-Xm-Ip-∂pthm AX-

I≠v a\p-jy≥ ssZh-im-k-\-I-f-\p-k-cn-°p-∂-Xn¬ Bthiw sIm≈p-

∂-XmWv. ssZhw \ntcm-[n® kwK-Xn-I-tfmSv ASp-°m≥ t]mepw

Abmƒ ss[cy-s∏-Sp-I-bn√. \nim-‘-Im-c-Øns‚ GIm-¥-Xbnepw

Ah≥ ssZhnI imk-\-Iƒ \n¿hnLv\w \n¿h-ln°pw. ImcWw,

Hcp \nanjw t]mepw hn´pt]mImØ Hcp Xcw cl-ky-t∏m-eo-kp-Im-

cp≠v, Abm-tfm-sSm∏w. Hcp \oXn-\ym-b-t°m-S-Xn-sb-°p-dn® òXn kZm

Abmsf Ae-ń-s°m-≠n-cn-°p∂p. B tImS-Xn-bpsS "hmd≠n'¬\n∂v

HmSn c£-s∏-SpI Akm-[y-am-sW-∂-bmƒ°-dnbmw. C°m-cWw

63

Ckvemw

sIm≠mWv apkvenw BIp-hm-\p≈ H∂m-asØ \n_-‘\ ]cn-ip-≤-

hm-Iy-Øn-ep≈ hnizm-k-amWv F∂v ]d-bp-∂Xv. "apkven'ans‚ A¿Yw

ssZh-tØmSv ]q¿W-ambpw A\p-k-c-W-ap≈ ASna F∂mWv. GI-

ssZ-h-a-√msX as‰m-cm-cm-[y-\p-an√ F∂v ZrV-ambn hniz-kn-°mØ

Ime-tØmfw Ah∂v ssZh-tØmSv A\p-k-c-W-ap-≈-h-\m-bn-Øo-cpI

km[y-a-√t√m.

apl-ΩZv\_n(k)bpsS A[ym -] -\ -ß-fn¬ Cu GI-ssZh

hnizmkw G‰hpw ]m[m-\y-a¿ln-°p-∂Xpw auen-I-hp-amWv. Ckvem-

ans‚ tIµ-_n-µphpw A®p-X-≠p-am-WXv. AXns‚ F√m i‡n-I-fp-

sSbpw Dd-hn-S-hp-a-XmWv. AXns‚ BZ¿i hnizm-k-ßfpw \nb-a-im-

k-\-Ifpw ]Sp-°-s∏-ń-cn-°p-∂Xv B hnizm-k-Øn-t∑-emWv. AtX

A®p-X-≠n-t∑-emWv Ah-sb√mw Id-ßp-∂Xv. AtX tIµ-_n-µp-

hn¬\n∂mWv AXn\v i‡n e`n-°p-∂Xv. AXns\ Xń-\o-°n-bm¬

]ns∂ ""Ckvemw'' F∂ H∂n√.

ae-°p-I-fn-ep≈ hnizmkw

GIssZh hnizm-k-Øn\p tijw apl-ΩZv\_n hniz-kn-°p-hm-

\m-⁄m-]n® c≠m-asØ Imcyw ae-°p-I-fn-ep≈ hnizm-k-amWv.

_lp-ssZhhnizm-k-Øns‚ Ie¿∏n¬\n∂v GI-ssZ-h-hn-izmkw

kwip-≤-am-bn-Øo-cp-sa-∂-Xm-Wn-Xns‚ ][m-\-êw.

c≠p-Xcw krjvSn-I-sf-bmWv _lp-ssZ-h-hn-izm-kn-Iƒ Znhy-Xz-

Øn¬ ]¶p-tN¿Øn-´p-≈Xv. H∂v: ÿqe ico-c-ß-tfm-Sp-Iq-Snb krjvSn-

Iƒ˛ kqcy≥, Nµ≥, \£-X-ßƒ, A·n, sh≈w, a\p-jy≥ apX-

em-bh. c≠v: PUm-kvXn-Xz-an-√mØ AZr-iy-i-‡n-Iƒ˛Im‰-Sn-∏n-°p-

∂h, ag s]øn-°p-∂h, ]Imiw \¬Ip-∂h XpS-ßn-bh. BZy-hn-

`m-K-Øn¬s∏-´h Zriy-h-kvXp-°-fm-b-Xn-\m¬, Ah-bpsS ZnhyXzw ]cn-

ip≤ hmIyw-sIm≠v Xs∂- XnckvI-cn°mw. c≠m-asØ hn`m-K-Øn¬

s]´h AZr-iym-kvXn-Xz-ß-fmWv. AØcw AkvXn-Xz-ß-sf-bmWv

_lp-ssZ-h-hn-izm-kn-Iƒ an°-hmdpw ]nSn-Iq-Sn-bn-´p-≈Xv. Ah-sb-°p-

dn-®mWv Ah¿ ssZh-ß-sf∂pw tZh-X-I-sf∂pw ssZh-k-¥m-\-ß-

sf∂pw [cn®phim-bn-cn-°p-∂Xpw. Ah-bpsS k¶¬]-cq-]-ß-fp-

≠m°n Ah¿ ]qP-Ifpw hgn-]m-Sp-Ifpw \S-Øp∂p. X∂n-anØw _lp-

ssZ-h-hn-izm-k-Øns‚ Cu c≠mw C\-Øn¬ \n∂pw GI-ssZ-h-kn-

64

Ckvemw

≤m-¥sØ ]cn-c-£n-°p-hm≥ hnizm-k-]-c-amb Hcp ]tXyI kwKXn

\n¿tZ-in-®n-cn-°-bmWv.

Cu hnj-b-I-ambn apl-ΩZv\_nbpsS A[ym-]\w C]-Im-c-amWv:

tZh-X-Ifpw ssZ-h-ßfpw ssZh-k-¥m-\-ß-fp-ambn sX‰n-≤-cn-°-s∏-Sp∂

Cu AZriy ]Xn- m-k-ßƒ bYm¿Y-Øn¬ ssZh-Øns‚ ae-°p-I-fmWv.

Ah¿°v Znhy-Xz-Øn¬ Hcp ]¶p-an√. Ah-sc√mw ssZh-Øns‚ B⁄m-

\p-h¿Øn-Iƒ amX-amWv. ssZh-im-k-\-I-fn¬\n∂v A¬]w t]mepw

hyXn-N-en-°pI Ah¿°v km[y-a√. Ah¿ aptJ-\-bmWv ssZhw ]]-

©-am-Ip∂ Xs‚ kmamPyw cn-°p-∂Xv. Ah-cm-Is´ ssZh-im-k-\-Iƒ

k\n-jvI¿jw \nd-th-‰p-Ibpw sNøp∂p. kzbw h√Xpw sNøp-hm-\-h¿

i‡-c√. kz¥w i‡n-]-tbm-Kn®v ssZh-k-∂n-[n-bn¬ h√Xpw Bh-

iy-s∏-Sm\pw Ah¿°v Ign-bn√. h√-h¿°pwth≠n ssZh-tØmSv ip]m¿i-

sN-øm-\p-am-hn√. a\p-jy¿ Ahsc Bcm-[n-°p-∂Xpw Ah-tcmSv klm-

b-a¿Yn-°p-∂Xpw FXbpw e÷m-h-l-amWv. ImcWw, BZy-L-´-Øn¬

Øs∂ ssZhw Ah-sc-s°m≠v a\p-jy-]n-Xm-hmb BZ-ans‚ apºn¬

kmjvSmwKw \an-∏n-°p-I-bp-≠mbn. Ah¿°v \¬ImØ ⁄m\w BZ-

an\v \¬In. `qan-bnse ]mXn-\n[yw BZ-an\v \¬In. F∂n-cns°, ae-

°p-Iƒ apºv BcpsS apºn¬ kmjvSmwKw \an-®pthm B a\p-jy≥

C∂v Ah-cpsS apºn¬ kmjvSmwKw \an-°p-Ibpw b-`-‡n-tbmsS Ah-

tcmSv ssI\o- n-bn-c-°p-I-bp-am-sW-¶n¬ AXn¬ ]cw lo\Xzw as‰-¥p≠v?

Hcp hiØv ae-°p-Isf Bcm-[n-°p-∂Xpw Ahsc Znhy-Xz-Øn¬

]¶m-fn-I-fm-°p-∂Xpw XS-bp-tºmƒ adp-h-iØv apl-ΩZv \_n C]-

Imcw Adn-bn-°p∂p: ae-°p-Iƒ ssZh-Øns‚ ]tXyI krjvSn-I-

Ifpw ImWmw.

1 . ap≥K -Ÿ-ß-fn¬ an°-Xn -s‚bpw bYm¿Y ]Xn -Iƒ

\in®pt]mbn-cn-°p∂p. ]cn-`m-j-Iƒ amX-amWv C∂v Ah-ti-jn-°p-

∂Xv. F∂m¬, ]cn-ip-≤-Jp¿-B≥ AX-h-X-cn® AtX `mj-bnepw

]Z-ß-fn-ep-ambn X\n-a-tbmsS C∂pw temIØv ÿnXn-sN-øp∂p.

AXn¬ Hc-£-c-Øn∂p t]mepw Hcp am‰hpw kw`-hn-®n-´n√.

2. ap≥K-Ÿ-ß-fn¬ ssZh-hm-Iy-ßƒs°m∏w P\-ßƒ kz¥w

hmIy-ßfpw Iq´n-t®¿Øp. Htc KŸ-Øn¬Xs∂, ssZh-hm-Iy-ßfpw

P\-X-bpsS Ncn-Xhpw ]q¿hn-I-cpsS IY-Ifpw ]fin-X-cpsS hymJym-

65

Ckvemw

\-ßfpw I¿a-im-kvX-\n-b-a-ß-fp-sa√mw IqSn-°p-g™p InS-°p-I-

bmWv. Ah-bn¬\n∂v ssZh hmIy-ßƒ th¿Xn-cn-s®-Sp-°pI Hcp

\ne°pw km[y-a√. F∂m¬, hnip-≤-Jp¿-B-\n¬ ssZh-hm-Iy-ßtf

D≈q. A\y-hm-°p-I-fpsS Ie¿∏v t]mepw AXn-en√. Jp¿-B≥

hymJym\w, \_n-h-N-\-ßƒ, I¿a-im-kvX-\n-b-a-ßƒ, \_n-N-cnXw,

A\p-N-c-∑m-cpsS Pohn-X-Ncy, apkvenw NcnXw F∂o hnj-b-ß-fn-

ep≈ cN-\-I-sf√mw ]tXyIw ]tXyIw KŸ-ß-fn-emWv. Ah-bn-

ep≈ Hcp hm°p-t]mepw Jp¿-B-\p-ambn Ie¿∂pt]mIp∂ ]iv\-

an√.

3. hnhn[ kap-Zm-b-ß-fpsS ]°-en∂v ImWp∂ aX-K-Ÿ-ßƒ

Nne ]hm-N-I-∑m-tcmSv tN¿Øp]d-bp-∂p≠v. F∂m¬, B ]hm-N-

I≥ Xs∂-bm-WXv sIm≠p-h-∂-sX∂v ÿm]n-°m≥ ]‰p∂ NcnX]c-

amb tcJ-I-sfm∂pw e`y-a√. Nne aX-K-Ÿ-ßƒ GXv ImeØv, GXv

]hm-N-I-∂-h-X-cn®p F∂p-t]mepw ]d-bpI km[y-a√. F∂m¬, hnip-

≤-Jp¿-Bs\ apl-ΩZv\_n-tbmSv _‘n-∏n-°p-∂-Xn¬ Bcpw kwi-

bn-°p-∂n√. AXn-∂p≈ Ncn-X-km-£y-ßƒ AXbpw i‡hpw A\n-

tj-[y-hp-amWv. Jp¿-B-\nse Hmtcm hmIyhpw Ft∏mƒ FhnsS Ah-

X-cn®p F∂p-t]mepw \njv]-bmkw Adn-bm≥ Ignbpw.

4. ap≥K-Ÿ-ß-f-h-X-cn® `mj-Iƒ hf-sc-°m-e-ambn arX-`m-j-I-

fm-bn-°n-S-°p∂p. Ah-bn∂v Bcp-sSbpw kwkm-c-`m-j-b√. Ah Kln-

°p-∂-h¿ t]mepw hncfw. AØcw `mj-I-fn-ep≈ KŸ-ßƒ C∂v

km£m¬ cq]-Øn-ep-≠m-bm¬ Xs∂, Ah-bnse Bibw Kln®v AX-

\p-[m-h\w sNøpI km[y-a√. F∂m¬, Jp¿-Bs‚ `mj C∂pw Hcp

Poh¬`m-j-bmWv. tImSn-°-W-°n-\m-fp-I-fpsS amXr-`m-j-bp-am-WXv.

IqSmsX, At\-I-tImSn A\y-`m-j-°m¿ B mj ]Tn-°p-Ibpw Bib

hn\n-abw \S-Øp-Ibpw sNøp∂p. temI-Øns‚ \m\m `mKØpw AXv

A`y-kn-∏n®v hcp∂p. \njv]-bmkw ]Tn-°m-hp∂ `mj-bm-WXv. h√-

h¿°pw ]Tn-°m-\-h-kcw e`n-®-ns√¶n¬Øs∂, Jp¿-Bs‚ Bibw

Kln® [mcmfw Bfp-Isf Fhn-sSbpw In´pw.

5. hnhn[ kap-Zm-b-ß-fpsS aX-K-Ÿ-ß-sf√mw Hcp ]tXyI P\-k-

aq-l-sØ-bmWv A`n-kw-t_m-[\ sNøp-∂Xv. Hcp ]tXyI Ime-L-´-

Øns‚ Bh-iy-ßƒ \n¿h-ln-°p-I-bm-Wh sNbvXXv. Ah-bn-e-S-ßnb

hn[n-hn-e-°p-Iƒ C∂sØ Np‰p-]m-Sn¬ A]-k-‡-ß-fmWv; A]m-tbm-

66

Ckvemw

* ss\cmiyw Df-hm-°p∂ AXn-Zm-cp-W-amb Ah-ÿ-sb-°p-dn®v Htc-I-tZi NnXwe`n-°m≥ an. tImfn≥ hn¬k≥ cNn®î 'THE OUTSIDE' F∂ IrXn t\m°pI.

C∆n-jb-Øn¬ s]m. tPmUns‚ A\p-`hë --km-£yhpw it≤-b-amWv. ]m›m-Xy-sc-°p-dn®v At±lw Fgp-Xp∂p: ""Ncn-X-Øn¬ BZy-ambn kvXo ]pcp-j-∑m-cpsS Hcp]pXnb Xe-apd cwK-]-thiw sNbvXn-cn-°p∂p. Ah¿°v aX-an√; aX-Øns‚ Bh-iy-hp-an√. aXsØ Xo¿Øpw Ah-K-Wn-°p-∂-Xn¬ kwXr-]vX-cm-W-h¿. X∂n-anØwAh¿°v a\x-k-am-[m\w \jvS-s∏- n-cn-°p∂p. Ah¿°n-S-bn¬ Bfl-l-Xy-bpsS A\p-]mXw Akm-[m-cWamw hn[w h¿[n-®n-cn-°-bmWv. (THE PRESENT AND FUTURE

OF RELIGION)

Ckvem-anI temIsØ ÿnXn-b-dn-bm≥ Ckvem-an-t\mSv AX-sbm∂pw aa-X-bn-√mØHc-apkvenw Ncn-X-Im-cs‚ A`n-]m-b-ßƒ Xs∂-sb-Sp°mw:î ""k¿hm-Xn-im-bn-bmbHcp i‡n-bpsS A¥na Xo¿∏n-ep≈ D¬°-S-amb hnizm-k-apƒs°m-≈p∂ hn´p-ho-gvN-bn-√mØ GI-ssZ-h-hm-Z-amWv Ckvem-ans‚ k¿h-i-‡n°pw \nZm-\-am-bn-´p-≈Xv. A\y-a-X-ÿ¿°-]-cn-Nn-X-amb A¿∏W at\m`m-hhpw a\- w-Xr-]vXnbpwCkvem-ans‚ A\p-bm-bn-Iƒ A\p-`-hn-°p∂p. apkvenw \mSp-I-fn¬ Bfl-lXyhfsc hnc-f-amWv. ( PHILIP. K. HITTY, HISTORY OF ARABS, 1951, P. 129) -

˛Jp¿inZv AlvaZv

Kn-Ihpw. CXn¬\n∂v, B KŸ-ßƒ Hcp ]tXyI kml-N-cy-Øn\pw

\n›nX Ime-L-´-Øn\pw amXw D≈-Xm-bn-cp∂p F∂p Kln°mw.

F∂m¬ hnip≤ Jp¿-B-\m-Is´, a\p-jy-s\-bmWv A`n-kw-t_m-[\

sNøp-∂Xv. Hcp ]tXyI kap-Zm-bsØ amXw Dt±-in-®p-≈-XmWv Jp¿-

B≥ F∂v tXm∂n-°p∂ Hcp hm°p-t]mepw AXn¬ ImWp-I-bn√.

AXns‚ imk-\-Iƒ GXv ÿeØpw GXv ]cn-Xx-ÿn-Xn-bnepw ]mtbm-

Kn-I-hp-amWv. hnip≤ Jp¿-B≥ apgp-h≥ temI-Øn-∂p-ap≈ imizX

KŸ-amWv F∂v CXv hy‡-am-°p∂p.

6. ap≥K-Ÿ-ß-fn-se√mw [m¿an-Ihpw kZm-Nm-c-]-c-hp-amb Nne

D]-tZ-i-ßƒ AS-ßn-bn-´p≠v. km∑m¿KnI XØz-ß-fp≠v. ssZh-ln-

X-Øn-s\mØv PohnXw \bn-°p-∂-Xn-\p≈ am¿K-\n¿tZi-ap≠v.

F∂m¬, Ah-bn-sem∂pw apgp-h≥ Imcy-ßfpw H∂mbn kam-l-cn-°-

s∏-ń-ń√. Cu khn-ti-jX hnip≤ Jp¿-B-∂p-amXw Ah-Im-i-s∏-´-

XmWv. CXc KŸ-ß-fn¬ sht∆sd InS-∂n-cp∂ hninjvS KpW-ß-

sf√mw Jp¿-B-\n¬ H∂mbn tiJ-cn-°-s∏-ń-cn-°p∂p. ap≥K-Ÿ-ßƒ

hn´p-I-f-™-hbpw Jp¿-B-\n-ep≠v.

7. ap≥K-Ÿ-ß-fn-se√mw a\p-jy-cpsS CS-s]-S¬ aqew kXy-hn-cp-

≤hpw bp‡n-lo-\-hp-amb Imcy-ßƒ IS-∂p-Iq-Sn-bn-cn-°p∂p. ]e Bi-

b-ßfpw AI-ahpw A\o-Xnbpw BWv. BZ¿i˛hnizmk˛ I¿a-ßsf

Zpjn-∏n-°p-∂-h-bp-ap≠v. Nne KŸ-ß-fn¬ tæ—hpw kt`y-X-c-hp-amb

kwK-Xn-Iƒ t]mepw ImWmw. F∂m¬, hnip-≤-Jp¿-B≥ AØcw amen-

67

Ckvemw

\y-ß-fn¬ \ns∂√mw ]cn-ip-≤-amWv. Ak-Xytam bp‡n-hn-cp-≤tam

Bb bmsXm∂pw AXn-en√. AXn-ep≈ Hcp kwK-Xnbpw sXfn-hp-

Ifpw aqkm-\_n, Cukm-\_n XpS-ßn-b-h-cpsS Imcy-Øn-se∂

t]mse, Ah-cpsS A[ym-]-\-ßfpw ]n≥Km-an-Iƒ Zpjn-∏n-®-Xmhmw.

AXn-\m¬, \mw A`n-]mbw h√Xpw ]I-Sn-∏n-°p-∂p-sh-¶n¬ Ah-

cpsS hnizm-km-Nm-c-ß-sf-°p-dn®v amXta BImhq. aX-t\-Xm-°-sf-

°p-dn®v au\-a-h-ew-_n-°Ww. Cs√-¶n¬ Nne-t∏mƒ \mw Adn-bmsX

`¿’n-°p∂Xv Hcp bYm¿Y ]hm-N-Is\ BsW∂v hcmw.

apl-ΩZv\_nsbt∏mse ap≥ ]hm-N-I-∑mcpw kXy-k-‘-cm-bn-

cp∂p; ssZh-Øm¬ \ntbm-Kn-°-s∏-´-h-cm-bn-cp∂p; Ckvem-anI am¿Kw

ImWn®p sImSp -Ø-h-cm -bn -cp∂p. C°m-cy -ß-fn -sem∂pw apl-

ΩZv\_nbpw ap≥ ]hm-N-I-∑mcpw XΩn¬ A¥-c-sam-∂p-an -√.

F∂m¬, aq∂p Imcy-ß-fn¬ hyXym-k-ap≠v.

1. ap≥ ]hm-N-I-∑m-sc√mw Hmtcm ]tXyI kap-Zm-b-Øn-te°pw

Hcp \n›nX Ime-tØ°pw amX-ambn \ntbm-Kn-°-s∏-´-h-cm-bn-cp∂p.

F∂m¬, apl-ΩZv apgp-h≥ a\p-jy-cm-in-°p-ambn Fs∂-t∂-°p-ap≈

]hm-N-I-\m-bn-´mWv ssZhw Ab-®Xv. C°mcyw Ign™ A[ym-b-

Øn¬ khn-iZw ]Xn-]m-Zn-®p-ht√m.

2. ap≥]-hm-N-I-∑m-cpsS in£-W-ßƒ Xotc A]-Xy-£-am-bn-

°-gn-™p. h√Xpw tijn-∏p-s≠-¶n¬Øs∂ Ah bYm¿Y cq]-Øn¬

kpc-£n-X-ambn \ne-\n¬°p∂n√. Ah-cpsS PohnX Ncy-Ifpw

bYm¿Y cq]-Øn¬ Cs∂-hn-sSbpw e`y-a√. Ah-sb√mw sI´p-I-Y-

Ifpw CXn-lm-k-ß-fp-ambn cq]w amdn-t∏mbn. X∑qew Ah-cpsS Ncy

]n¥p-S-cpI C∂-km-[y-amWv. XnI®pw hyXy-kvX-amWv apl-ΩZv\_n-

bpsS ÿnXn. At±-l-Øns‚ A[ym-]-\-ßfpw Pohn-X-N-cybpw D]-

tZ-i-ßfpw ]h¿Ø-\-ssi-enbpw kz`mh khn-ti-j-X-I-fp-sa√mw

C∂v kpc-£n-X-am-b-h-ti-jn-°p-∂p≠v. At±-l-sØ-°p-dn®v Adn-bm-

\p-t±-in-°p∂ F¥pw \ap-°n∂v e`y-amWv. XZ-Sn-ÿm-\-Øn¬ C∂v

"Pohn-®n-cn-∏p≈' GI ]hm-N-I≥ apl-ΩZv\_n amX-amWv. At±-

lsØ amXta \ap-°n∂v A\p-K-an-°m≥ km[n°q.

3. ap≥ ]hm-N-I-∑m-cpsS ]mtbm-KnI in£-W-ßƒ Xm¬°m-en-

Ihpw A]q¿W-hp-am-bn-cp∂p. Hmtcm ]hm-N-I∂pw tijw hcp-∂-

68

Ckvemw

bmƒ ap≥Km-an-bpsS \nb-a-hn-[n-Ifpw I¿a-\n¿tZ-i-ßfpw ]cn-jvI-

cn®p. Cu ]cn-jvI-cWw A°m-e-ß-fn¬ \nc-¥cw \S-∂n-cp∂p. CXp-

sIm-≠mWv Ah-cpsS in£-W-ßƒ°v ssZhw imiz-Xn-IXzw \¬Im-

Xn-cp-∂Xv. Xmc-X-tay\ ]q¿W-amb Hcp hyhÿ D≠m-bn-cns°,

A]q¿W-amb ap≥hy-h-ÿ-Iƒ Bh-iy-an-√t√m. Ah-km\w apl-

ΩZv\_n aptJ\ F√m-‰nepw ]cn-]q¿Whpw imiz-X-hp-amb Hcn-kvem-

anI hyhÿ \¬I-s∏´p. AtXm-sS kIe ap≥-Ime ]hm-N-I-∑m-

cp-sSbpw I¿a-am¿K-ßƒ kzbw Zp¿_-e-s∏´p. ImcWw, ]cn-]q¿W-

am-b-Xn-cns° A]q¿W-am-bXv kzoI-cn-°p-I-sb-∂Xv bp‡nhncp-≤-

amWv. Ct∏mƒ apl-ΩZv\_nsb A\p-K-an-°p-∂-h≥ bYm¿Y-Øn¬

apgp-h≥ ]hm-N-I≥am-sc-bp-am-W-\p-K-an-°p-∂Xv. ImcWw, ap≥]-hm-

N-I-∑m-cpsS A[ym-]-\-ß-fn-ep-≠m-bn-cp∂ apgp-h≥ \∑-Ifpw apl-

ΩZv\_n-bp-tS-Xn-ep≠v. F∂m¬, apl-ΩZv\_nsb hn´v ap≥]-hm-N-

I-∑m-cn¬ h√-h-scbpw A\p-K-an-°p-∂-h∂v Gsd \∑-Iƒ \jvS-s∏-

´p-t]mIpw. ImcWw, ]n¬°m-eØv e`n® \∑-Iƒ ap≥in-£-W-ß-

fn-ep-≠m-hn-√t√m.

C°m-c-W-ß-fm¬ apl-ΩZv\_nsb amXw A\p-K-an-t°-≠Xv a\p-

jy-cm-in°v \n¿_-‘-am-bn-Øo-cp∂p. apkven-am-Ip-hm≥ apl-Ω-Zv\_nsb

kw_-‘n®v aq∂v Imcy-ßƒ hniz-kn-t°-≠-Xp≠v. H∂v: \_nXncp-ta\n

ssZh-Øns‚ bYm¿Y ]hm-N-I-\mWv. c≠v: At±-l-Øns‚ \n¿tZ-i-

ßƒ G‰hpw kºq¿W-amWv; Ah-bn¬ bmsXmcp t]mcm-bva-bp-an√; Ah

Xo¿Øpw A_≤ ap‡-amWv. aq∂v: Xncp-ta\n ssZh-Øns‚ Ah-km-

\sØ ]hm-N-I-\mWv; C\n, Imem¥yw hsc Hcp kap-Zm-b-Ønepw Hcp

]hm-N-I≥ hcn√; apkven-am-Ip-hm≥ hniz-kn-°¬ \n¿_-‘-am-btXm

bn¬ k¬-°¿aw Cl-tem-I-Ønse £Wn-I-amb Pohn-X-Øn¬ h√

kZv^-ehpw e`n-°p-∂-h-bmWv. Ipd®v ]Ww, A¬]w `qan, ÿm\-

am-\-ßƒ, t]cpw s]cp-abpw, A`n-\-µ-\hpw ]iw-kbpw, A¬]w

B\-µhpw k-t¥m--jhpw˛ CsXms° t\Sn-s°m-Sp-°p∂ I¿a-ß-fm-

W-bmƒ°v k¬°¿aw. ZpjvI¿a-am-Is´, Cl-tem-IØv Zpjv^-e-ap-

f-hm-°p-∂-htbm Aßs\ `b-s∏-Sm-hp-∂tXm Bb IrXy-ßfpw. DZm-

l-c-W-ambn, Poh-\jvSw, [\-\jvSw, Btcm-Ky-Øn\v lm\n, Zpjvt∏cv,

`c-W-Iq-S-Øns‚ in£m-\-S-]Sn, ZpxJw XpS-ßn-b-h°v Imc-W-am-Ip-

∂h. F∂m¬, c≠m-asØ a\p-jys\ kw_-‘n-®n -S -tØmfw

k¬°¿aw ssZh-an-jvS-s∏-Sp-∂Xpw ZpjvI¿aw ssZhw shdp-°p-∂Xpw

69

Ckvemw

BWv. k¬-°¿aw Ah∂v bmsXm-ssc-lnI t\´-hpw t\Sn-s°m-Sp-

Øn-s√-¶nepw Ah-\Xv k¬°¿a-am -bn -Øs∂ IcpXpw˛ AXv

Fs¥¥v \jvS-ßƒ Ah-t∂¬]n-®mepw icn. Ah-km\w ssZhw

X\n-°v imiz-X-amb ]Xn-^ew \¬Ip-sa∂v Abmƒ ZrV-ambn hniz-

kn°pw. AXp-t]mse ZpjvI¿aw Ah∂v Cl-tem-IØv h≥em`w

t\Sn-s°m-Sp-Ømepw Abm-f-hsb ZpjvI¿aw F∂p-Xs∂ IcpXpw.

Chn-SsØ lkz-Po-hn-X-Øn¬ B\-µ-Øn-em-dm-Sm≥ Ign-™mepw

ssZh-in-£-bn¬\n∂v c£-s∏-Sm≥ Hcn-°epw Ign-bn-s√∂v Abm-fp-

d®p hniz-kn-°p∂p.

Cu hyXykvX ImgvN-∏m-Sp-Iƒ a\pjy\p-ap-ºn¬ c≠v hyXykvX

am¿K-ßƒ Xpd-°p∂p. ]c-tem-I-hn-izm-k-an-√mØ a\p-jy∂v Ckvem-

anI ]mX-bn-eqsS HcSn apt∂m´p \oßm-\m-hn√. Ckvemw kImØv sImSp-

°m≥ ]d-bp-tºmƒ kImØv Xs‚ [\-Øn¬ IpdhphcpØpw F∂mhpw

Abm-fpsS t]Sn. AXv ]en-i°p sImSp-Øm¬ Zcn-Zs‚ ho´nse ]p¬-

s°m-Sn-t]mepw kz¥-am°mw. F¥p kw`-hn-®mepw kXyta ]d-bmhq,

Hcn-°epw Ifhv ]d-b-cpXv F∂v Ckvemw B⁄m-]n-°p-tºmƒ kXyw

]d-™n´v bmsXmcp em`-hp-an√,- \jvS-ap≠v Xm\pw. B kXyw X\n-°p-

th≠ F∂m-hpw adp-]Sn. hymP-am-Is´ em`-I-camWv. AXv Xms\-

¥n\v h¿Pn-°Ww? Bfn-√mØ hgn-bn¬sh®v Abmƒs°mcp hne-

]n-Sn® hkvXp hoWp In´p∂p. "AXv \nt‚-X-s√-¶n-se-Sp-°-cpXv' F∂v

Ckvemw Ah-t\mSv ]d-bp∂p. Ahs‚ adp-]Sn: CXv shdpsX e`n®

km[-\-amWv; Rm\n-sX-¥n-\p-t]-£n-°Ww? ChnsS Bcp-an√. AXp-

sIm≠v Bcpw t]meo-kn-e-dn-bn-°n√; tImS-Xn-bn¬ FXn¿ km£n

]d-bn√; F\n°v ZpjvIo¿Øn-bp-≠m-hp-I-bp-an√. ]ns∂ CsX-¥p-

sIm≠v F\n-°-\p-`-hn-®p-IqSm? Hcmƒ Ahs‚ ]°¬ Hcp hkvXp

kq£n-°m-t\¬]n®p. DSs\ Abmƒ acn-®p-t]m-hp-Ibpw sNbvXp.

At∏mƒ, "ac-W-s∏-´-hs‚ [\w Abm-fpsS Ah-Im-in-Iƒs°-Øn-

°Ww' F∂v Ckvemw Ah-t\mSv ]d-bp∂p. Ahs‚ ]Xyp-Øcw:

Rm\sX-¥n\v sImSp-°Ww? acn-®-hs‚ ]Ww Fs‚ ]°-ep-s≠-

∂-Xn\v F¥mWv sXfnhv? Ahs‚ IpSpw-_-ßƒ°-Xn-s\-°p-dn-®-dn-

bn√; AXp-sIm≠v F\n-°-X-\p-`-hn°mw; Hc-]-Io¿Ønbpw `b-s∏-Sm-

\n√. Npcp-°-Øn¬, PohnX bmX-bn¬ Ckvemw Ah∂v Hcp am¿Kw

ImWn®psImSp-°p-tºmƒ FXn¿ Zni-bn-ep≈ as‰mcp hgn-°m-W-h≥

70

Ckvemw

t]mhpI. Ckvem-an¬ Hmtcm-∂n-s‚bpw ÿm\hpw hnebpw ]c-tem-

I-Ønse imiz-X-^-e-ß-fpsS ASn-ÿm-\-Øn-emWv. Ah-∂m-Is´,

Cl-tem-I-Ønse £WnI Pohn-X-Øn¬ ]Xy-£-s∏-Sp∂ ^e-ß-

fpsS ASn-ÿm-\-Ønepw. CXbpw ]d-™-Xn¬\n∂v, ]c-temI hnizm-

k-an-√m-Ø-h≥ F¥p-sIm≠v apkven-am-hp-I-bn√ F∂v hy‡w. F∂p

amX-a√, ]c-temI \ntj[w a\p-jys\ arK-ß-sf-°mƒ XmW P¥p-

hm°n am‰p-Ibpw sNøpw.

]c-temIhnizmkw bp‡n-bpsS shfn-®-Øn¬

]c-temIhnizm-k-Øns‚ Bh-iy-I-Xbpw kZv^-e-ß-fp-amWv

CXp-hsc ]d-™Xv. C\n, AsX-∏‰n apl-Ω-Zv\_n hnh-cn® Imcy-

ß-fmWv ]Xn-]m-Zn-°p-∂Xv. Ah bp‡n-bpsS shfn-®-Øn¬ icn-bm-

bn-´p-≈-h-bm-tWm F∂pw ]cn-tim-[n°mw. ]c-tem-I-hn-izmkw hmkvX-

h-Øn¬, bp-‡nsb Bkv]-Zn-®p-≈-X√. Dd® hnizm-k-am-W-Xn-∂-Sn-

ÿm\w. F∂n-cp-∂mepw, \mw _p≤n-bp-]-tbm-Kn-°p-∂-]£w ]c-tem-

I-sØ-°p-dn®v apl-Ω-Zv\_n ]Tn-∏n® Imcy-ß-fmWv a‰p Nn¥m-K-Xn-

I-sf-°mƒ bp‡n-\n-jvT-am-bn-´p-≈Xv F∂v ImWm≥ Ignbpw.

ac-Wm-\-¥-c- Po-hn-X-sØ-°p-dn®v apJy-ambpw aq∂v `n∂ ho£-

W-ß-fm-Wp-≈Xv. H∂v: ac-Wm-\-¥cw a\p-jy≥ \in®v aÆm-bn-t∏m-

Ip∂p. A\-¥cw as‰mcp Pohn-X-an√. imkvXo-b-Nn-¥-I¿ F∂v hmZn-

°p∂ \mkvXn-I-cpsS A`n-]m-b-am-WnXv. c≠v: a\p-jy≥ Xs‚ I¿a-

^-e-a-\p-`-hn-°p-hm-\mbn ASn-°Sn Cu temI-tØ-°p-Xs∂ ]p\¿P-

\n-°p∂p. ZpjvI¿aw sNbvX-h¿ ASpØ P∑-Øn¬ ]q®, \mb XpS-

ßnb P¥p-°tfm, hr£tam, \oN-h¿K-Øn¬s∏´ a\p-jytcm Bbn

\mem-asØ hkvXpX hnNm-c-Wbpw ]Xn-^-e-Zm-\hpw BWv. CXn¬

F¥v bp‡n-`w-K-am-Wp-≈Xv? a\pjy I¿a-ßƒ ssZhw hnNm-cW

\S-Ø-W-sa∂pw \oXn-]q¿hw hn[n I¬]n-°-W-sa∂pap≈Xv a\p-

jy-_p-≤n-bpsS Xs∂ Xm¬]-cy-amWv. Chn-sS-sbmcp a\p-jy≥ \∑

amXw ]h¿-Øn-°p∂p. ]t£, AXns‚ bmsXmcp kZv^-ehpw Cl-

tem-IØv A-bmƒ°v e`n-°p-∂n√. as‰m-cmƒ Bbp-jvIm-e-a-Xbpw

ZpjvI¿aßƒ sN-øp-∂p. F∂m¬ bmsXmcp \jvShpw Abmƒ°v

]‰p-∂n√. amX-a√, k¬-°¿aw sNbvX-Xns‚ t]cn¬ Ah¿W-\o-b-

amb IjvS-∏m-Sp-Ifpw Zpcn-X-ßfpw A\p-`-hn-t°-≠n-h-cp∂ FXtbm

t]cp≠v. ZpjvIr-Xy-ßƒ sN-bvXv BPo-h-\m¥w B\-µ-Xp-µn-e-cmbn

71

Ckvemw

* ss__nƒ ]gb \nb-a-Ønse BZysØ A[ym-b-ß-fn-eq-sSbpw ]pXnb \nb-a-Ønse \mev kphn-ti-j-ß-fn-eq-sSbpw H∂v ItÆm-Sn-®m¬ Ah a\p-jy-Ir-Xn-bm-sW∂v t_m[y-am-hp-∂-XmWv. Ah-bn¬ Zmho-Zns‚ km£m¬ Io¿Ø-\-ß-fn¬NneXpw InkvXp-hns‚ kphn-ti-j-ßfpw Ahn- -‡amw hn[w Dƒs°m-≠n-cn-°p∂p.]gb \nb-a-Ønse BZysØ \mev A[ym-b-ß-fn¬ XudmØv amX-a√ D≈Xv.adn®v, Xudm-Øns‚ `mK-ßƒ a\p-jy-hym-Jym-\-ß-fp-ambn CS-I-e¿∂p \ne-sIm-≈p∂p. B IqSn-°p-g-b-en¬ bYm¿Y Znhy-k-tµiw \jvS-s∏´p t]mbn-cn-°-bmWv.AXp-t]mseXs∂ Cukm-bp-sS-sX∂v ]d-bp∂ \mev kphn-ti-j-ßƒ At±-l-Øn¬\n∂v In´nb km£m¬ kphn-ti-j-ß-f√. adn®v, ⁄m\hpw `n∂-[¿ahpw

Pohn-°p-∂-h-cpap≠v. Cu A\p-`-h-ßƒ, k÷-\-ßƒ°v ]Xn-^-ehpw

Zp¿P-\-ßƒ°v in£bpw Ft∏m-sg-¶n-ep-sam-cn-°¬ e`n-t°-≠-Xm-

sW∂v hniz-kn-°p-hm≥ \sΩ \n¿_-‘n-°p∂p.

kz¿Khpw \c-I-hp-amWv HSp-hn-e-tØXv. Chbpw Akw-`-hy-a√.

hm\˛ `ph-\-ßsf krjvSn® ssZh-Øn\v kz¿K \c-I-ß-fpsS

krjvSn∏v amXw Akm-[ytam? ssZhw P\-ßsf hnNm-cW sNbvXv

c£m-in-£-Iƒ \¬Ipw. c£ e`n-®-h¿°v kuJy-]q¿hw Pohn-°phm-

s\m-cnSw thWw. in£ e`n-®-h¿°v Zpcn-X-]q¿W-amb as‰m-cn-Shpw.

Ah ssZhw krjvSn-°p∂p.

ta¬hn-h-cn® Imcy-ß-sf-°p-dn®v kKu-chw Nn¥n-°p∂ Hcmƒ°v,

ac-Wm-\-¥c Pohn-X-sØ-°p-dn®v \ne-hn-ep≈ k¶-¬]-ß-fn¬ _p≤n°v

G‰-hp-a-\p-tbm-Py-am-bXv Ckvem-anI ImgvN-∏m-Sm-sW∂v ImWmw. AXn¬

Akm-[ytam Abp-‡n-Itam Bbn H∂p-an-s√∂v GsXm-cmfpw kΩ-

Xn°pw. _p≤n kzbw kΩ-Xn-°p∂ C°mcyw apl-Ω-Zv\-_n-sb-t∏m-ep≈

Hcp kXy-]-hm-N-I≥ \ΩpsS \∑ amXw ap≥\n¿Øn hnh-cn®pXcp-

tºmƒ hrYm kwi-bn-°p-∂-sX-¥n\v? AXn¬ ZrV-amb hnizmkw Dƒ-

s°m-≈p-∂-Xt√ _p≤n-]q¿h-I-am-bn-´p-≈Xv?

]cn-ip-≤ -hmIyw

ta¬ hnh-cn® A©v BZ¿i-ß-fn-t∑-emWv Ckvemw \ne-sIm-

≈p-∂Xv.* Ah-bpsS cXv\-®p-cp°w ""emC-eml C√-√mlp apl-Ω-

Zp¿d-kq-ep-√mln'' F∂ ]cn-ip≤ hmIy-Øn-e-S-ßn-bn-´p≠v. \mw ""emC-

eml C√-√mlp''F∂p-®-cn-°p-∂-tXmsS F√m \njn≤ ssZh-ß-

sfbpw hn´v GI-ssZ-h-Øns‚ amXw ASn-aØw kzoI-cn-°p∂p. ""apl-

Ω-Zp¿d-kq-ep-√mln'' F∂p-IqSn D®-cn-°p-tºmƒ apl-ΩZv\_n ssZh-

Øns‚ ZqX-\m-sW∂pw \mw kΩ-Xn®p. ZuXy-Øn¬ hniz-kn-°p-∂-

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Ckvemw

B[m-c-am°n hyXy-kvX-cmb \mem-fp-Iƒ kam-l-cn® InkvXp-hns‚ Poh-N-cn-X-amWv. km£m¬ kphn-ti-j-ß-fpsS GXm\pw mK-ßfpw Ah-bn-ep-s≠∂v amXw.ssZh-Ir-Xnbpw a\p-jy-Ir-Xnbpw, kXyhpw Ak-Xyhpw ]Xn-cn¬\n∂v s\√v th¿Xn-cn-s®-Sp-°m≥ Ign-bm-Ø-hÆw ]c-kv]cw IqSn-°-e¿∂n-cn-°-bmWv. AXn-\m¬,km£m¬ ssZh-KŸw PqX-cp-sStbm ssIkvX-h-cp-sStbm ]°-en√. CXn\v hn]-co-X-ambn, hnip≤ Jp¿-B≥, AX-h-X-cn® km£m¬ cq]-Øn¬ Hcp hyXym-k-hp-an-√msX, kpc-£n-X-ambn \ne-sIm-≈p∂p.

˛Jp¿inZv AlvaZv

tXmsS, ssZhw, ssZhn-I-Kp-W-ßƒ, ae-°p-Iƒ, ssZh-K-Ÿ-ßƒ,

ssZh-Zq-X-∑m¿, ]c-temIw F∂n-h-sb-°p-dn®v Xncp-Zq-X¿ ]Tn-∏n® AtX

hn[w hniz-kn-t°-≠Xv \n¿_-‘-am-bn-Øo-cp∂p. ssZhsØ Bcm-

[n-°p-hm\pw A\p-k-cn-°p-hm\pw Xncp-ta\n ImWn-®p-X∂ am¿K-tatXm

AXv IWn-i-ambn ]n≥]-‰m\pw \mw _m[y-ÿ-cmbn amdp∂p.

* Cuam≥ Imcy-ßƒ A©m-bn-´mWv Rm\n-hnsS hnh-cn-®n-´p-≈Xv. CXv hnip≤ Jp¿-B-\n¬ ""kqd-Øp¬ _Jd''bnse ""Ba-\¿d-kqep _nam D≥kne Csseln....'',kqd-Øp-∂n-kmCse ""ha≥ bIv^p¿ _n√mln ha-em-C-°-Ønln....'' F∂o hmIy-ßsf ASn-ÿm-\-am-°n-bmWv. \_nhN-\-ß-fn¬ ""JZvdn''ep≈ hnizm-khpw Cuam≥Imcy-ß-fn¬ Dƒs∏-Sp-Øn-bn-´p-s≠-∂-Xn¬ kwi-b-an√. At∏mƒ Cuam≥ Imcy-ßƒ Bdm-bn-Øo-cp-∂-XmWv. F∂m¬, bYm¿Y-Øn¬ JZvdn-ep≈ hnizmkw A√m-lp-hn-ep≈ hnizm-k-Øns‚ Xs∂ Awi-amWv. hnip-≤-Jp¿-B-\n¬ B \ne-°mWvAXv hnh-cn-®n-´p-≈Xv. AXn-\m¬ Rm\pw ]kvXpX hnizm-ksØ GI-ssZ-h-hn-izm-k-Øns‚ hni-Zo-I-c-W-Øn¬ Dƒs∏-Sp-Øp-I-bmWv sNbvXn-´p-≈Xv. Nne \_n-h-N-\-ß-fn¬ kz¿Kw, \cIw, kzndmØv, aokm≥ F∂n-hsb ]tXyIw hnizm-k-]-c-amb Imcy-ß-fmbn hnh-cn-®n-´p≠v. At∏mƒ Cuam≥ Imcy-ßƒ Bdn¬ IqSp-X-emIpw. hmkvX-h-am-Is´, Ah-sb√mw ]c-tem-I-hn-izm-k-Øns‚ LS-I-ß-fmWv.

˛KŸ-Im-c≥

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