The Inca Civilization Test Review. On what continent did the Inca live? South America.
Civilization Review 1g60SSGmeY.
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Transcript of Civilization Review 1g60SSGmeY.
Civilization Review
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=c1g60SSGmeY
Pyramids on the Nile
The Geography of Egypt(Development of Civilization)http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=KdtgX9ORiW4
Gift of the NileWhile Sumer was forming in the Middle East a similar process was happening to the west in Africa along the Nile River but with different results—united into a single kingdom
Nile flows northward for over 4,000 miles
Width of continental US is 2,442 miles!
Egypt divided into an upper and lower
Environmental Challenges. . .or are they?
The Nile looks like a thin green ribbon cutting through the vast desert
Nile naturally flows northward but one can easily sail against the current
The ease of travel on the Nile helped unify Egypt’s villages and promote tradeThe Nile was like clockwork when it came to floodingDeserts served as barrier to invaders
Movement of Goods and IdeasBy 3200 BC Egyptians were actually trading goods with Mesopotamians and moving further South to Nubia and
Kush by 2000 BC
Egyptians did borrow some ideas about writing and city structure from the Fertile Crescent.
Lasted for apprx. 3,000 years as a civilization
Egypt Unites as a Kingdom
Unification BeginsEgyptian farming villages go back as early as 5000 BCBy 3200 BC Egypt divided into 2 kingdoms—upper (S) and lower (N)
Menes, a strong-willed king, united all of Egypt (capital at Memphis)
Old Kingdom begins 2660—good records start during 3rd dynasty (Pyramids)
Pharaohs Rule as GodsKings, or Pharaohs were considered to be representatives of the gods.
Kings=gods
Pharoahs= center of religion, government, and army
Known as Theocracy.
Pyramid Era at its it HeightBelieved in life after death
Kings continued to rule even after death=ka (spirit)
Tombs were even more important than palaces b/c pharaohs continued to need things and entertainment after death.
Old Kingdom focuses on building pyramids
Pyramids= burial grounds for dead Pharoahs.
Egyptian CultureWere polytheistic
The most important gods were Ra (sun god) and Horus (god of light)
Most important goddess was Isis—represented the ideal mother and wife
Over 2000 gods and goddesses altogether
Huge temple were built in order honor the major deities
AfterlifeBelieved in afterlife that was not bleak
All classes of people planned for their burial
Preservation of the body was done through mummification
Book of the Dead—spells, prayers and hymns for the dead
Egyptian Hierarchy
Life in Egyptian SocietyEgyptians not locked into social classes
Marriage or success in jobs could move one up in the pyramid structure
Slaves could be rewarded for loyal service by being promoted
Highest positions=ability to read and write
Women had many of the same rights as men—own and trade property, propose marriage and divorce, etc….
Record keeping--DejavuStarted as crude pictographs
Picture changed from standing for an idea to standing for a sound—like our own alphabet
Started with clay tablets but progressed to papyrus
Our understanding of their language came from the Rosetta Stone
Science and TechnologySystem of numbers
Basic geometry
Columns
Calendar
Advanced knowledge of medicine
The KingdomsOld Kingdom—3000BC to 2180BC
Middle Kingdom 2080BC to 1640BC
New Kingdom 1570BC to 1075BC
Gaps in years indicates Intermediate Periods when weakness or invaders ravaged Egypt—esp. the Hyksos (aka chariot riders)
Fall of Egypt (Decline of Civilization)
After Ramses the Great (Ramses II) died, Egypt began to decline.Outside invasions eventually destroyed much of ancient Egyptian civilization.