CIVIL LIBERTIES 2nd -10th Amendments...• Civil War – Lincoln suspends writ of habeas corpus •...
Transcript of CIVIL LIBERTIES 2nd -10th Amendments...• Civil War – Lincoln suspends writ of habeas corpus •...
CIVILLIBERTIES2nd-10thAmendments
• IndividualRights• DueProcessofLaw
2ndAmendment
• AwellregulatedMili.a,beingnecessarytothesecurityofafreeState,therightofthepeopletokeepandbearArms,shallnotbeinfringed.
2ndAmendment
• U.S.vMiller–1939• Sawed-offshotguns,machineguns,&silencerscannotcross
statelineswithoutregisteringthemw/NaLonalTreasuryDept.TheCourtfoundnolinkbetweentheseextremeweaponsandthe2ndAmendment.
HomeandPersonalSecurity
• 3rdAmendment–NoQuarteringofSoldiers…soldiersarenotallowedtobehousedinpersonalhomeswithouttheowner’consent.
• NeverbeenthesubjectofaSupremeCourtcase–ofliXlerelevancetoday
HomeandPersonalSecurity–4th
• Rightofthepeopletobesecureintheirpersons,houses,papers,andeffects,againstunreasonablesearchesandseizures.Nowarrantsshallbeissuedbutuponprobablecause,supportedbyOathoraffirma.on…
• 4thAmendment–OriginallywriXenbecausetheBriLshusedtoprovidea“WritofAssistance”asablanketsearchwarranttodowhateverhewants.
• Safeinautomobiles?PolicePower?PromoteSafety?
4thAmendment
• ProbableCause• Floridav.J.L.–2000–anonymousLpthataMiamiteenhadagunonhim.Policefoundtheteenatabusstop,searchedhimandfoundthegun.
• SupremeCourtfoundtheyviolatedthe4thAmendmentbecausetheyhadnowarrant.
4thAmendment
• ExclusionaryRule:• EvidencefoundfromanillegalsearchorseizureisEXCLUDEDfrombeingusedagainstyou.
ProbableCause
• Nowarrantneededwhenthecrimeorevidenceisin“plainview”
• Minnesotav.Carter–1999:PolicespoXedcocainebeingbaggedthroughanopenwindowandpromptlyarrestedthetwomen.
4thAmendment
• DrugTesLng:CertainprivatecompaniesmayrequiredrugtesLng
• CertaingovernmentcompaniesmayrequiredrugtesLng.Whichones??
• VernoniaS.D.vActon–1995:Schoolsallowedtorequiretestsforstudentathletes.
4thAmendment
• WireTapping,electroniceavesdropping,etc• SupremeCourtsLllconsiderstheseasinvadingprivacy.
• KatzvUnitedStates–1967:KatzusedapublicphonetotransmitgamblinginformaLonthattheFBItappedwithoutawarrant.SCsaidNo,No,No.
4thAmendment
• PatriotAct• Ajer9/11theFederalGovernmentrelaxedtheenforcementofthe4thamendmentinbroadlyreachingcircumstancesundertheassumpLonthatitwouldhelpthemlocateterroristsintheU.S.
SuspendtheBillofRights??Whatdoyouthink–discussionplease.
• Thosewhowouldgiveupessen.allibertytoobtainaliOletemporarysafetydeserveneitherlibertynorsafety.–BenFranklin
• HistoryteachesusthatgravethreatstolibertyoQencomein.mesofemergency,whencons.tu.onalrightsseemtooextravaganttoendure.–SCJusLceThurgoodMarshall
• CivilWar–Lincolnsuspendswritofhabeascorpus• 1917–Wilson’sSediLonAct• WWII–InternmentCamps
RIGHTSOFTHEACCUSED
• 5thAmendment-Careful,it’squitelong…• Nopersonshallbeheldtoanswerforacapitalorotherwiseinfamouscrime,unlessonapresentmentorindictmentofaGrandJury,exceptincasesarisinginthelandornavalforces,orintheMili.a,wheninactualservicein.meofWarorpublicdanger;norshallanypersonbesubjectforthesameoffencetobetwiceputinjeopardyoflifeandlimb;BREATHE!
5thAmendment
• …norshallbecompelledinanycriminalcasetobeawitnessagainsthimself,norbedeprivedoflife,liberty,orproperty,withoutdueprocessoflaw;norshallprivatepropertybetakenforpublicuse,withoutjustcompensa.on.…………………………….HUH???
5thAmendment
• Breakitdownnow…
• First:Everyonecommimngacapitalcrime,unlessinthemilitary,cananswertoagrandjury-apreliminaryhearingtomakesurethereisenoughevidenceforcourt
5thAmendment
• Next:DoubleJeopardy–someonecannotstandtrialtwiceforthesamecrime,ifacquiXed(notguilty)
• Theycanfacecriminalandciviltrialsforthesamecrimeà
• Ortheycanfacethesamechargesinstateorfederalcourt
5thAmendment
• Finally:YoudonothavetotesLfyagainstyourselformenLonanyevidencethatmightincriminateyouwhentesLfyingorunderofficialquesLoning.ProsecuLonHASTOprovethecaseagainstyou.
DUEPROCESS
• DUEPROCESS• 5thAmendment-Nopersonshallbe…deprivedoflife,liberty,orpropertywithoutdueprocessoflaw….
• 14thAmendment-AllpersonsbornornaturalizedintheUnitedStatesandsubjecttothejurisdicLonthereofareciLzens.Nostateshalldepriveanypersonoflife,liberty,orproperty,withoutdueprocessoflaw.NordenyanypersonequalprotecLonofthelaw.
• ExamplesPlease…
DUEPROCESS
• Inwhateveritdoes,thegovernmentmustactfairlyandinaccordwithestablishedrules.Itmaynotactunfairly,arbitrarily,orunreasonably.
DUEPROCESSEXAMPLE…
• ROCHINVS.CALIFORNIA• PoliceillegallyforcedtheirwayintoRochin’shouse.HefurLvelyswalloweddrugsandtheyapprehendedhim.
• TheyforciblypumpedhisstomachsuspecLngdrugsandfoundthem.
• Supremecourtfoundthatthepoliceviolateddueprocess.
ProceduralDueProcess
• Relatestohowthegovernmentgoesaboutenforcingdueprocess.
ProceduralDueProcess
• MirandaRights–1966• Claimedhedidnotknowhehadthe“right”toanaXorney.
• Gov’tchangedthelawtoalwaysincludetheserights.
SubstanLveDueProcess
• Relatestotheestablishment/enforcingoflawsthatdiametricallyopposethebillofrightsorconsLtuLonallaws.
DueProcessandPrivacy
• Inthelastfewdecades,governmentsstartedlookingatDueProcessandhowitrelatestogroupsofpeople–notjustindividuals.
• Ideaslikemarriagerights,andaborLonrightsaresLllsomeofthemostimportantissuestopeopletoday.
• SupremeCourtsaid14thamendment’srighttoprivacy“encompassesawoman’sdecision…”
6thAmendment
• CliffsNotesVersion-• Youhavetherightto:• Aspeedyandpublictrial• ImparLaljury• Trialinthestateanddistrictofthecrime• InformedofthenatureoftheaccusaLon• Confrontthewitnessesagainstyou• Assistanceofalawyertohelpyou
6thAmendment
• SpeedyTrial…• Thetrialmustcommencewithin100daysofyourarrest.
6thAmendment
• ImparKalJury…• AdefendantisguaranteedtherighttoanimparKaljury.ThisallowsaNorneystoquesKonpotenKaljurors.
• IfthedefenseisconcernedwithimparKality,theycanrequestachangeofvenue.
6thAmendment
• Righttoanadequatedefense(assistancewithalawyer)
• YouhavetherighttospeakwithalawyerbeforeanyquesLoningbegins.Inacourtoflaworevenfromthepolice.
• Ifyoucannotaffordone,thefederal/state/localgovernmentwillprovideyouwithone.
6thAmendment
• MIRANDARIGHTS…• Youhavetherighttoremainsilent.Anythingyousayordo
canandwillbeheldagainstyouinthecourtoflaw.Youhavetherighttospeaktoana;orney.Ifyoucannotaffordana;orney,onewillbeappointedforyou.Doyouunderstandtheserightsastheyhavebeenreadtoyou?
6thAmendment
• Mirandav.Arizona–1966• CourtswouldnolongerupholdANYCONVICTIONSinwhichsuspectshadnotbeentoldoftheirconsLtuLonalrightsbeforequesLoningbegan.
SAY WHAT??
• WhyisthegovernmentinterestedinpayingfordefenseaXorneys?
• Why,ifdirectlyaskedwhenonthestand,doyounothavetoadmittoacrime?
7thAmendment
• Intrialswherethevalueisdeterminedtobeover$20,therighttoatrialbyjuryshallbepreserved.
8thAmendment
• Excessivebailshallnotberequired,norexcessivefinesimposed,norcruelandunusualpunishmentinflicted.
PunishmentTerms
• _____isthesumofmoneythatasuspectmayberequiredtopostasaguaranteethathe/shewillappearincourt.
• ProtecLveDetenLoniswhenajudgecanorderasuspecttoremainincarceratedwhenthereisreasontobelieveanothercrimewilloccur
• __________ispunishmentbydeath• _____issabotageorlevyingwaragainsttheU.S.
9thAmendment
• DefiniLon:PeoplehavemorerightsandliberLesthanthosespecificallylistedinthe1st8amendments.So,justbecausealibertyisnotlisted,doesnotmeanthegov’tcantakeitaway.
• Ex:Peoplearenolongerallowedtowalkbackwards.OR,younolongerhavethefreedomtochooseyourownTVchannels.
10thAmendment
• ThespecificpowersnotgiventotheUSFederalGov’tbytheConsLtuLon,norprohibitedbyTheConst.totheStates,arereservedfortheStatesorthepeople.
• ThiswasplacedintheB.O.R.totryandlimitthepowersofastrongcentralgov’t.
• IsthisamendmentsLllcloselyfollowed?
PrisonSystems
• 1980-PrisonpopulaLonskyrockets
ImprisonmentintheUSA
• Highestpercentageofprisonersintheworld
CapitalPunishment
• Oregon-Has32inmatesondeathrow• Since1976–Only2peopleexecuted• LethalInjecLonistheonlyprescribedmethodinOregon
CapitalPunishmentinU.S.
• Red-sLllused• Blue-nodeathpenalty• Green/Orange-sLllthelawbutnotused
CapitalPunishment
• CapitalPunishment–TheWorld
PolicePower• PolicePoweristheauthorityofeachstatetoregulatebehaviorandpromotethepublichealth,safety,morals,andgeneralwelfare.
• Manyproblemsarisebetweenneedsof“society”andindividualfreedoms.
• LawsRESERVEDforthestates,notsupposedtobeFederal
PromoteHealth
• RegulatepolluLon,salesofalcohol,tobacco,etc.
PromoteSafety
• Regulateconcealedweapons,requireseatbelts,punishdrunkdrivers,etc.
RegulateMorals
• Statescanregulategambling,obscenematerials,prosLtuLon,drugs,etc.
SameSexMarriageStates
June26,2015,theSupremeCourtoftheUnitedStateslegalizedsame-sexmarriageinadecisionthatappliesnaLonwide,thismapshowsstatesthathadbanneditinonewayoranother–SupremacyClause?
FreedomandSecurityofthePerson
• 13th,2nd,3rd,4thAmendments
Slavery
• 13thAmendmentendedslaveryin1865• Neitherslaverynorinvoluntaryservitude…shallexistwithintheU.S.oranyplacesubjecttotheirjurisdic.on
Slavery
• WhenthegovernmentoutlawedslaveryitfeltitdidnothavetheauthoritytooutlawdiscriminaLon.
• DiscriminaLonconLnuedunLlthe1960/70’s.WhenthesupremebeganrejecLngdiscriminatorypracLces.
REDLINING
• Jonesv.Mayer–1968• Mayerwouldn’tsellJones(AfricanAmerican)ahouse.
• S.C.heldthat13thAmendmentalsoabolished“thebadgesandincidents”ofslavery