Civil Engineering Krzysztof Gasz, Maciej Kruszyna, · PDF fileCivil Engineering . Krzysztof...

Civil Engineering

Krzysztof Gasz, Maciej Kruszyna, Lukasz Skotnicki

Roads, Streets and Airports

Project co-financed by European Union within European Social Fund 1

THE DEVELOPMENT OF THE POTENTIAL AND ACADEMIC PROGRAMMES OF WROCŁAW UNIVERSITY OF TECHNOLOGY

EUROPEAN UNION EUROPEAN

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Contents:

Introduction ........................................................................................................................ 2

Lecture 1: Classification. Basic terms and definitions .......................................................................... 3

Lecture 2: Prognoses and modelling of traffic ...................................................................................... 7

Lecture 3: Road’s design. Multicriteria analyses ................................................................................ 11

Lecture 4: Intersections ...................................................................................................................... 15

Lecture 5: Interchanges ...................................................................................................................... 19

Lecture 6: Traffic engineering – fundamentals ................................................................................... 24

Lecture 7: Control the traffic. Signal planning .................................................................................... 27

Lecture 8: The capacity of roads and junctions .................................................................................. 36

Lecture 9: Elements of airports. Field planning .................................................................................. 41

Lecture 10: Number, length and directions of airport’s runways ........................................................ 45

Lecture 11: Street’s design ................................................................................................................... 54

Lecture 12: Planning of public transport .............................................................................................. 57

Lecture 13: The calmed traffic .............................................................................................................. 60

Lecture 14: Pedestrian and cyclists traffic ............................................................................................ 64

Lecture 15: Pavements, materials, keeping of roads ........................................................................... 68

Closure ............................................................................................................................... 71




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Introduction The publication includes supporting material to the subject of "Roads, streets, airports' (RSA) for

lectures and exercises (the project). Materials from the lectures include: definitions, formulas, graphs

and other illustrations and a list of issues for the exam. Materials from the exercise (the project)

include: a description of the elements of the exercises, sample drawings, tables, graphs and formulas.

This publication is not an individual manual. The student will hear additional information on the

lectures. This applies, for example, the description of the drawings, complete definitions or formulas.

Publication system corresponds to the order of lectures. Separated 15 chapters preceded by an

introduction and summary of completed. Components of the project relate to specific lectures.

Below allocation of design elements to the lectures.

Week 1. Introduction

Assignment the elements of project to the lectures (→ L. ..):

Week 2. Prognoses of traffic → L2, calculation & description

Week 3. Routing calls from city to airport, two variants → L3, drawing 1:100.000

Week 4. Choice of variant → L3, calculation & description

Week 5. Location plan for the selected variant → L3, drawing 1:10.000

Week 6. Intersection location plan → L4, drawing 1:1000

Week 7. Interchange location plan → L5, drawing 1:1000

Week 8. Signaling project - preliminary calculations → L7, calculation & description (including

signal plan)

Week 9. Signaling project - accommodation → L7, continuation of calculation & description

(including algorithm)

Week 10. Evaluation of traffic conditions for the intersection → L8, calculation & description

Week 11. Complement existing work

Week 12. Calculate the length and direction of the runways at the airport → L10, calculation &

description

Week 13. Airfield location plan at the airport → L9, drawing 1:10.000

Week 14. Project summary

Week 15. Mark




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Lecture 1: Classification. Basic terms and definitions Public roads because of the features in the road network is divided into the following

Categories:

1) national roads;

2) The provincial roads;

3) The county roads;

4) municipal roads.

Fig 1.1: Hierarchy of Roadway Classifications [TE]

Technical Classification of roads: A, S, GP, G, Z, L, D

Highway (A) Limited access

Express (S) Limited access

Main accelerated motion (GP) Major arterial

Main (G) Major Collector

Summary (Z) Minor Collector

Local (L)

Residential (D)

Access

Demarcation lines the way

Lane road




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Tab.1.1: Typical rural and urban roadway classification system [TE]




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Way

Street

Trackway tram

Roadway

Sidewalk

Road crown

Fig.1.2: Cross section of a road (two – way)

Fig.1.3: Typical Highway Cross-Slope for Drainage [TE]

Road engineering object: bridge, tunnel, culvert or retaining structure

Bridge (flyover, overpass)

Tunnel

Culvert

Retaining structure

Road connections:

Exit

Intersection

Interchange




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Fig.1.4: Dynamic of car in motion

Road users (traffic participants):

Pedestrians

Motor vehicles (cars, trucks, buses)

Single track vehicles (bicycles, mopeds and motorcycles)

Public transport vehicles with limited freedom of movement (trams, trolleybuses)

Agricultural tractors

Horse-drawn wagons

Special vehicles

GDP: Gross Domestic Product (in Poland: PKB)

Basic parameters of traffic flow (traffic engineering section) → L6

Definitions related to the construction of airports → L9




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Lecture 2: Prognoses and modelling of traffic

Fig.2.1: Annual Vehicle- Miles Traveled in the United States (1940 – 2000) [TE]

Fig.2.2: Values to the method of GDP (polish: PKB)




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Data for the calculations relate to the forecast number of passengers the airport for specific time

horizons (tab.2.1). On their basis a number of aircraft operations (take-off, landing) and the

temporary use of traffic volume (cars) to the airport are calculated.

Tab.2.1: Example of the forecast number of passengers the airport

Transport in the year [one thousand passengers]

Year Local International

2010 520 200

2025 1602 483

2040 3052 1310

Signs:

PR – traffic in year [passenger]

PM - monthly traffic [passenger]

PD - daily traffic [passenger]

PG

kPP RM ⋅=

12

- Transportation hourly [passenger]

k - coefficient of inequality movements;

d - the conversion factor;

n - number of air operations;

m - number of seats on the aircraft;

c - coefficient of occupancy;

N - number of apron (gates);

t - time based on the platform [s].

Traffic: , 30M

DPP =

; dPP DG ⋅= ,

Number of air operations: mcPn G

⋅=

, number of apron (gates): 60ntN ⋅

=.

Table 2.2 summarizes the number of seats in the selected aircraft




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Tab.2.2: Number of seats in particular aircrafts

Group Manufacturer Type Number of seats

Small Fokker F 27 55

F 28 60

F 50 52

Embraer ERJ 145 50

Aerospatiale/Alenia ATR 42 66

ATR 72 64

Boeing B 727 94

Medium Fokker F 100 107

Boeing B 737 141

B 757 178

Airbus A 320 179

Tupolew Tu 154 180

Iljuszyn Ił 62 174

Large Boeing B 707 219

B 767 255

Very large Boeing B 747 (Jumbo) 470

B 777 500

(Mc Donnel) DC-10 410

Airbus A 340 440

A 380 555




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An example of the growth in traffic (number) of vehicles:

Traffic (on road) to the airport:

AADT – Annual average daily traffic [vehicles] (in Poland: SDR)

AADT = Number of passengers per day * share of commuting by car / number of people in the car

Qm

Q

– Computable (abstract) hourly flow rate (number of vehicles per hour) [P/h]

m

is 8 % to 10 % of AADT

The obtained values should be rounded to 10 P / h

0 20000 40000 60000 80000

100000 120000 140000 160000 180000 200000 220000 240000 260000 280000 300000 320000 340000 360000 380000

1988 1990 1992 1994 1996 1998 2000 2002 2004 2006 2008 2010 2012 2014 2016 2018 2020

Years

Number of vehicles




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Lecture 3: Road’s design. Multi-criteria analyses

Fig.3.1: Examples of way tracking




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This project relate to connecting selected city with new airport, by tracking 2 variants of a new road – scale 1:100.000. Teacher will select the city and airport localization. Student should take advantage of existing roads network and reasonable connections. New road should be composed of straight sections, curves and intermediate curves – fig. 3.2.

Fig.3.2: Two variants of a new road

Matched to established methods. It has taken into account the evaluation criteria and grading scale.

The description should result matched the score given by the scale of assessments.

Enter the number and names of the criteria. Accept the weight for each criterion. Sum of the weights

should be 1 or 100%. Adjust the grading scale (the scale of each criterion should be the same).

Ratings can be from 1 to 6, from 1 to 10 from 1 to 100 or more. Adopt rules for the assessment for

each of the criteria (in tables), so that you can assess each variant within a given criterion. In the

evaluation of design principles to keep in mind that the positive features give higher ratings and

lower negative characteristics. For example, the increase in construction costs (a negative trait)

should bear fruit in a lower assessment, and the increase in traffic safety (positive feature) - a higher

evaluation. Examples of criteria used in assessing options for the location of the airport affected area,

close down the road (wheel and rail), destroyed the village, distance from the main city, the new

road (wheel and rail).




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Fig.3.3: Marks by criteria: L or V




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Summary of evaluation and choice of options (with justification)

Summary of evaluation should be done in tables according to the following example:

Tab.3.1: Summary evaluation of variants

Criterion:

(i)

Weight: Variant I Variant II

Mark Weighted

mark Mark Weighted

mark

K w1 m1 I M1 I m1 II M1 II1

K w2 m2 I M2 I m2 II M2 II

K

2

w3 m3 I M3 I m3 II M3 II

Σ

3

1 (100%) MI MII

∑ ⋅=i

ii wmM

Evaluation of the options under those criteria shall be based on the description of option (section 1)

and the scale of assessments allocated within a given criterion (section 2). Weighted Score is the

product of the corresponding weight and evaluation. Rating (Multi-criteria) variant is the sum of the

weighted assessments of all criteria. This is the final assessment of the variant. The option with the

highest rating is considered the best (in the light of the method). Selecting the option to comment,

that is why he received to write the highest weighted scores (at the chosen). Not sufficient to state

that the option is selected because it received the highest score!




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Lecture 4: Intersections

Fig.4.1: Conflicts at a Typical At-Grade Intersection [TE]

Fig.4.2: Sight Triangle at an Intersection [TE]




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Fig.4.3: Geometry of intersection

Tab. 4.1. Lane width for vehicles turning left or right

Turning radius (m) 8 10 12 15 20 25 30 40

Width (m) 7,0 6,5 6,0 5,5 5,0 4,5 4,2 4,0




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Fig. 4.4: Marking of 3 legged intersection

Fig. 4.5: Scheme of 4 legged intersection




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Fig.4.6: Span-Wire Mounting of Signal Heads [TE]




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Lecture 5: Interchanges

Fig.5.1: Geometry of interchanges

Interchange – it is a road connection where at least one road passes the junction without crossing others traffic streams. The traffic on this direction is realized by ramp or ramps.

Ramp – it is a section of the road, which permit vehicles to enter or to exit the main road and make a turn relations, without crossing main traffic streams.

Interchanges types:

WA – collision-free, flyover or complete interchange (main traffic streams crosses on different levels. Every turn relations are realized by the ramps, in collision-free way)

WB – partly collision-free (main traffic streams crosses on different levels. Main turn relations are realized in collision-free way, other relations can be realized at main road grade – junctions.

WC – collision (only main traffic stream crosses on different levels. Every turn relations are realized in junctions).




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Interchange types (number of ways)

Three-way, four-way, multi-way

Ramps types:

Directional,

Semi-directional

Non-directional

Three-way interchanges : trumpet, pear, semi-directional, directional-Y, half -clover

Fig. 5.2 : Trumpet interchange




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Fig. 5.3 : Pear interchange

Fig. 5.4 : Semi-directional type T interchange




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Fig. 5.5 : Directional Y interchange

Fig. 5.6 : Half-clover interchange




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Fig.5.7: Elements of interchange

Elements of interchange:

1 – main carriage way; 2 – access lane; 3 – exit lane;

4 – non-directional ramp; 5 – semi-directional ramp; 6 – directional ramp;

7 – weaving; 8 – flyover; 9 – emergency lane.




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Lecture 6: Traffic engineering – fundamentals

Basic parameters of traffic flow:

Volume of traffic Q [P / h], [E / h]

Traffic density k [P / km]

Traffic intensity q [P / s]

Traffic speed [m / s] [km / h]

Capacity C [P / h], [E / h]

Directional Structure

Fig.6.1: Relationships Among Flow, Speed and Density [TE]




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AADT (Average annual daily traffic)

AAWT (Average annual weekday traffic)

ADT (Average daily traffic)

AWT (Average weekday traffic)

Fig.6.2: Typical Daily Volume Variation Patterns [TE]

PHF (Peak hour factor)

Spacing

Headway




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Fig.6.3: Typical Monthly Variation Patterns [TE]

Fig.6.4: An Intersection Flow Diagram [TE]




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Lecture 7: Control the traffic. Signal planning

Fig.7.1: Signalization Options at T-Intersections [TE]




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Fig. 7.2: Scheme of the intersection and traffic volumes

Fig. 7.3: Motion trajectiories and collision points




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Calculation of signal timing

deżm tttt −+=

e

pee v

lst

+=

1+=d

dd v

st

( )a

st d

d5,12 +⋅

=

Evacuation speed – 50 km/h, arrival speed on the major road – 70 km/h, arrival speed on the minor

road – 50 km/h.

Tab. 7.1: Calculation of yellow and all-red timing

Evac. gr.

Arriv. gr tż se ve lp te sd vd td tm* tm

K1 K4 3 26 13,9 10 2,6 25 13,9 2,8 2,8 3

K2 K4 3 16 13,9 10 1,9 10 13,9 1,7 3,2 4

K2 K5 3 30 13,9 10 2,9 17 19,4 1,9 4,0 4

K2 K6 3 15 13,9 10 1,8 14 19,4 1,7 3,1 4

K3 K6 3 19 13,9 10 2,1 30 19,4 2,5 2,5 3

K4 K1 3 25 13,9 10 2,5 26 19,4 2,3 3,2 4

K4 K2 3 10 13,9 10 1,4 16 19,4 1,8 2,6 3

K4 K6 3 11 13,9 10 1,5 13 19,4 1,7 2,8 3

K5 K2 3 17 13,9 10 1,9 30 19,4 2,5 2,4 3

K6 K2 3 14 13,9 10 1,7 15 19,4 1,8 3,0 3

K6 K3 3 30 13,9 10 2,9 19 13,9 2,4 3,5 4

K6 K4 3 13 13,9 10 1,7 11 13,9 1,8 2,9 3




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Tab. 7.2: Yellow and all-red timing matrix

K1 K2 K3 K4 K5 K6

K1 3

K2 4 4 4

K3 3

K4 4 3 3

K5 3

K6 3 4 3

Fig. 7.4: Signal phasing

Signaling parameters

• Cycle length – assumed sTc 80=

• Yellow time after I phase - st Im 4=

• Yellow time after II phase - st IIm 4=

• Yellow time after III phase - st IIIm 4=

• Lost time - st 120 =

• Green time - st z 681280 =−=

• Maximum traffic volume in phase I - hvehQI /620}560,620max{ ==

• Maximum traffic volume in phase II - hvehQII /170}170,150max{ ==

• Maximum traffic volume in phase III - hvehQIII /80}80,50max{ ==




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• Sum of traffic volumes - hvehQ /87080170620 =++=

• Share of I phase - 71,0870620

==QQI

• Share of II phase - 20,0870170

==Q

QII

• Share of III phase - 09,087080

==Q

QIII

• Length of I phase - stassumedst Iz

Iz 47486871,0 =⇒=⋅=

• Length of II phase - stassumedst IIz

IIz 13146820,0 =⇒=⋅=

• Length of III phase - stassumedst IIIz

IIIz 866809,0 =⇒=⋅=

Fig. 7.5: Signal Phase Plan




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Fig. 7.6: Scheme of the intersection and location of the detectors

Fig. 7.7: Phases transition




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Fig. 7.8: Algorithm of accommodation




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Fig.7.9: Program P0

Fig.7.10: Programs P1 and P2




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Fig.7.11: Programs P3 and P4

Fig.7.12: Loop and Ultrasonic Detectors [TE]




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Lecture 8: The capacity of roads and junctions Level of Service (LOS, in Poland PSR) characterise traffic conditions. There are 6 levels on LOS and 4

levels in PSR. Several quantities are used to estimate LOS. Traffic volume is used for roads. Delays are

use for junctions.

Traffic conditions:

LOS A, PSR I – very good,

LOS B, LOS C, PSR II – good,

LOS D, LOS E, PSR III – average,

LOS F, PSR IV – bad.

Tab.8.1: Level-of-Service Criteria for Signalized Intersections in USA [TE]

Level of Service (LOS) Control Delay [s]

A ≤ 10

B > 10 – 20

C > 20 – 35

D >35 – 55

E > 55 – 80

F > 80

Tab8.2: Level-of-Service Criteria (PSR) for Signalized and Non Signalized Intersections in Poland

PSR

Control Delay [s]

Signalized Intersection

Non Signalized Intersection

I ≤ 20 ≤ 15

II 20 ÷ 45 15 ÷ 30

III 45 ÷ 80 30 ÷ 50

IV > 80 > 50




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Fig8.1: Pedestrian and Bicycle Interference with Turning Vehicles [TE]

Calculation the delays:

d3

– not used in Poland

Simplified formula (for use in exercises):

( ) ( ) ( )

⋅⋅+−+−⋅+

⋅−−

⋅⋅=C

XrXXX

Td S2

22 711900

115,0

λλ

321 dddfd k ++⋅=

( ){ }[ ]λλ

⋅−−

⋅=X

Td,1min1

12

2

1 ( ) ( )

⋅⋅⋅⋅

+−+−⋅⋅=a

ssa tC

XwrXXtd2

22

711900




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TGe=λ 1+= GGe

CQX = SC ⋅= λ S = 1400 ÷ 1600 P/h

LpbRpbLTRTLUABBPGHVW fffffffffffnSS ⋅⋅⋅⋅⋅⋅⋅⋅⋅⋅⋅⋅= 0

For each approach and direction it is necessary to calculate: Ge

, λ, C, X, d → LOS

Tab.8.3: Data requirements for each lane group in signalized intersection analysis [TE]




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Tab.8.4: Arrival types defined [TE]

Tab.8.5: Delay Adjustment for controller type [TE]




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Fig.8.2: Diagrams to delays estimation




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Lecture 9: Elements of airports. Field planning

Fig.9.1: The elements of an airport [A]




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Definitions related to the construction of airports:

TWY (Taxiway)

RWY (Runway)

ACN (Aircraft Classification Number)

PCN (Pavement Classification Number)

APRON

ILS (Instrumental Landing System)

RVR (Runway Visual Range)

FATO (Final Approach and Take-off Area)

ICAO

IATA

TORA, TODA, ASDA, LDA, CWY, SWY → L10




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Fig.9.2: Layout types of the Runways




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Fig.9.3: Fragment of an Airport




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Lecture 10: Number, length and directions of airport’s runways

Capacity of the Runway

T – blocking duration of the Runway [s];

t1 – take-off duration [s] = 1 minute for small aircraft, = 2 minutes for large aircraft;

t2 – landing - duration [s] = 3 minute for small aircraft, = 6 minutes for large aircraft.

( )2

21 ttnT +⋅=

Tab.10.1: Airport Reference Code

First item of the airport

reference code

Second item of the airport reference code

Digit Reference code of the

airplane length [m]

Letter Wingspan [m] Distance between the extreme

outer edges of the main landing

gear wheel [m]

1 Below 800 A Below 15 Below 4,5

2 From 800 to 1200 B From15 to 24 From 4,5 to 6

3 Over 1200 to 1800 C Over 24 to 36 Over 6 to 9

4 Over 1800 D Over 36 to 52 Over 9 to 14

E Over 52 to 65 Over 9 to 14




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Fig.10.1: Types of maneuvers

TORA (take-off run available)

ASDA (accelerate-stop distance available)

TODA (take-off distance available)

LDA (landing distance available)

Fig.10.2: ASDA (accelerate-stop distance available)




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Fig.10.3: TORA (take-off run available)

Fig.10.4: TODA (take-off distance available)




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Fig.10.5: LDA (landing distance available)

A runway of at least 6,000 ft (1,800 m) in length is usually adequate for aircraft weights below

approximately 200,000 lb (90,000 kg). Larger aircraft including wide bodies will usually require at

least 8,000 ft (2,400 m) at sea level and somewhat more at higher altitude airports. International

wide body flights, which carry substantial amounts of fuel and are therefore heavier, may also have

landing requirements of 10,000 ft (3,000 m) or more and takeoff requirements of 13,000 ft (4,000

m)+.

At sea level, 10,000 ft (3,000 m) it can be considered an adequate length to land virtually any aircraft.

For example, at O'Hare International, when landing simultaneously on 22R and 28 or parallel 27L, it is

routine for arrivals from the Far East which would normally be vectored for 22R (7,500 ft (2,286 m))

or 27L (7,967 ft (2,428 m)) to request 28 (13,001 ft (3,963 m)). It is always accommodated, although

occasionally with a delay. Another example is that the Luleå Airport in Sweden was extended to

10,990 ft (3,350 m) to allow any fully loaded freight aircraft to take off.

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aircraft�

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Altitude�

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sea_level�

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/O%27Hare_International_Airport�

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Far_East�

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lule%C3%A5_Airport�




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An aircraft will need a longer runway at a higher altitude due to decreased density of air at higher

altitudes, which reduces lift and engine power. An aircraft will also require a longer runway in hotter

or more humid conditions (see density altitude). Most commercial aircraft carry manufacturer's

tables showing the adjustments required for a given temperature.

Fig.10.6: Clearway and Stopway

CWY (clearway): CWY = 0,5 ( 1,15 TORA

SWY (stopway): SWY = TODA – ASDA

)

LW1

L

= 1,15 TORA – CWY

W2

L

= TODA – 200

W3

L

= ASDA – SWY

W4

= 1,67 LDA

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Density�

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Density_altitude�




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nitpWWWWrz kkkkLLLLL ⋅⋅⋅⋅= ),,,max( 4321

kp pk p ∆⋅+= 003,01 – influence of air pressure

kt tkt ∆⋅+= 01,01 – influence of temperature

ki iki ∆⋅+= 1,01 – influence of slope

kn nkn ⋅+= 01,01 – influence of pavement type

Tab.10.2: Dependence on air pressure and normalized temperature from the altitude

Altitude [m] Air pressure [Pa] Normalized temperature [oC]

0 760,0 15,00

50 755,5 14,67

100 751,0 14,35

150 746,6 14,02

200 742,2 13,70

250 737,7 13,37

300 733,4 13,05

350 728,9 12,72

400 724,6 12,40




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Fig.10.7: Dimensions of runway clear zones [A}

Fig.10.8: Wind rose analysis [A]




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Fig.10.9: Data set for calculation the direction of Runway




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Fig.10.10: Working sheet for calculation the direction of Runway




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Lecture 11: Street’s design

Fig.11.1: Cross section of a street (two – way)

Fig.11.2: Example of streets intersection




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Fig.11.3: Types of travel In the City

Tab.11.1: Left turn alternatives for signalized street systems [TE]




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Tab.11.2: Advantages and disadvantages of one-way systems [TE]




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Lecture 12: Planning of public transport

Fig.12.1: Typical parameters of Bus- and Tram Stop

Fig.12.2: Various bus operations




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Fig.12.3: Example of tram-stops localization




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Fig.12.4: Dual Bus Lanes on an Urban Street [TE]




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Lecture 13: The calmed traffic

Fig.13.1: Examples of Local Street Networks in Residential Areas [TE]




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Fig.13.2: Illustration of Traffic Calming Devices Applied to an Neighborhood Grid [TE]




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Tab.13.1: Summary of traffic calming devices [TE]




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Fig.13.3: Potential conflicts reduced by Traffic Circles [TE]

Fig.13.4: Example of calmed street




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Lecture 14: Pedestrian and cyclists traffic

Fig.14.1: Pedestrians dimensions

Fig.14.2: Dimensions of pedestrian area [HCM]




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Fig.14.3: Intersection corner geometry and pedestrian movements [HCM]

Fig.14.4: Idea of diagonal crossings




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Fig.14.5: Bicyclists dimensions




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Fig.14.6: Details of bicyclists infrastructure




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Lecture 15: Pavements, materials, keeping of roads

Fig.15.1: Road in three dimensions




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Fig.15.2: Typical cross section of a road in Concrete technology

Fig.15.3: Typical cross section of a road in HMA (Hot Mix Asphalt) technology

2,0 –

1,0-2,0%

5 m




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Fig.15.4: Pipe culvert [RE]

Fig.15.5: Falling weight deflectometer [RE]




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Closure This closure includes: list of topics on the test, list of references and source materials, as well as

presentation of teachers team to course “Road, Streets and Airports”.

List of topics on the test (sample questions): Explain the basic definitions (as in L1)

Calculate the number of air operations and number of aprons (gates)

Complete choice of variants based on multi-criteria analysis

Indicate the types of intersections

Indicate the types of interchanges

Describe the elements of a interchange

Traffic volume, density and speed

Calculate the signal timing

Draw a signal phase plan

Give an algorithm of accommodation

Assess the traffic conditions at the intersection

Give the elements of the airport

Calculate the length of the runway

Determine the direction of the runway

Give the classification and elements of street

Describe the road users

Planning principles of public transport

The methods and objectives of traffic calming

Describe the infrastructure for pedestrians and cyclists

Characterize types of road surfaces




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List of references and source materials:

[RE] Robinson R., Road Engineering for Development, Taylor & Francis, 2004, ISBN-10: 0415279488.

Basic Handbooks (available in the library)

[A] Wells A.T., Young S., Airport Planning and Management, McGraw-Hill Professional, 2004, ISBN-10: 0071413014.

[TE] Roess R.P., Prassas E.S., McShane W.R., Traffic Engineering (3rd Edition), Prentice Hall, 2004, ISBN-10: 0131424718.

• Highway Capacity Manual (HCM) 2000

Regulations, standards, guidelines (mostly in Polish)

• Manual of Uniform Traffic Control Devices (MUTCD) 2003

• Rozporządzenie Ministrów Infrastruktury z dnia 3 lipca 2003 r. w sprawie szczegółowych

warunków technicznych dla znaków i sygnałów drogowych oraz urządzeń bezpieczeństwa

ruchu drogowego i warunków ich umieszczania na drogach, Zał. 1 – znaki drogowe pionowe,

Zał. 2 – znaki drogowe poziome, Zał. 3 – sygnały drogowe, Zał. 4 – urządzenia bezpieczeństwa

ruchu drogowego Dz.U. 2003 nr 220 poz. 2181

• Rozporządzenie Ministra Transportu i Gospodarki Morskiej z dnia 30 maja 2000 r. w sprawie

warunków technicznych, jakim powinny odpowiadać drogowe obiekty inżynierskie i ich

usytuowanie. Dz.U. 2000 nr 63 poz. 735

• Rozporządzenie Ministra Transportu i Gospodarki Morskiej z dnia 2 marca 1999 r. w sprawie

warunków technicznych, jakim powinny odpowiadać drogi publiczne i ich usytuowanie. Dz.U.

1999 nr 43 poz. 430

• Ustawa o uprawnieniach do ulgowych przejazdów środkami publicznego transportu

zbiorowego (wersja aktualna z dnia 20.06.1992 r. Dz.U.Nr 175, poz.1440)

• Ustawa – prawo przewozowe (obwieszczenie ministra transportu i gospodarki morskiej z dnia

29.05.2000 r. w sprawie ogłoszenia jednolitego tekstu ustawy, Dz.U.Nr 50, poz.601);

• Ustawa – prawo geodezyjne i kartograficzne (tekst jednolity z dnia 24.10.2000, Dz.U.Nr 100,

poz.1086)

• Ustawa – prawo ochrony środowiska (z dnia 27.04.2001, Dz.U.Nr 62, poz.627)

• Ustawa – prawo o ruchu drogowym (obwieszczenie Marszałka Sejmu Rzeczypospolitej

Polskiej w sprawie ogłoszenia jednolitego tekstu Ustawy z dnia 7.03.2003, Dz.U.Nr 58,

poz.515)




SOCIAL FUND

• Ustawa o planowaniu przestrzennym (z dnia 27.03.2003, Dz.U.Nr 80, poz.717)

• Ustawa o transporcie drogowym (obwieszczenie Marszałka Sejmu Rzeczypospolitej Polskiej w

sprawie ogłoszenia jednolitego tekstu Ustawy z dnia 1.09.2004, Dz.U.Nr 204, poz.2088)

• Rozporządzenie Ministra Transportu i Gospodarki Morskiej w sprawie przepisów techniczno-

budowlanych dla lotnisk cywilnych z 31 sierpnia 1998 r.. Dz.U. Nr 130 z 1998 r., poz. 859

• Ustawa prawo lotnicze z 3 lipca 2002 r.; Dz.U. Nr 130 z 2002 r., poz. 1112

• Rozporządzenie Ministra Infrastruktury w sprawie warunków jakie powinny spełniać obiekty

budowlane oraz naturalne w otoczeniu lotniska z 25 czerwca 2003 r.; Dz.U. Nr 130 z 2003 r.,

poz. 1192

• Rozporządzenie Ministra Ochrony Środowiska, Zasobów Naturalnych i Leśnictwa w sprawie

dopuszczalnych poziomów hałasu w środowisku z 13 maja 1998 r. Dz.U. Nr 66 z 1998 r., poz.

436 (uchylona podstawa prawna)

• Wytyczne projektowania dróg III, IV i V klasy techn. WPD – 2. GDDP Warszawa 1995

• Wytyczne projektowania ulic. WPU. GDDP Warszawa 1995

• Wytyczne stosowania drogowych barier ochronnych. GDDP Warszawa 1994

• Tymczasowe wytyczne stosowania progów zwalniających, 1994

• Instrukcja zagospodarowania dróg. GDDP Warszawa 1997

• Instrukcja o znakach drogowych poziomych, 1991

• Wytyczne projektowania skrzyżowań. Część I i II. GDDP Warszawa 2001

• Oceny oddziaływania dróg na środowisko. Część I i II

• Katalog typowych elelmentów przepustów rurowych. Transprojekt Warszawa 1993

• Zasady ochrony środowiska w Drogownictwie. GDDP Warszawa 1999

• Instrukcja obliczania przepustowości dróg zamiejskich, GDDP Warszawa 1991

• Instrukcja obliczania przepustowości dróg I i II klasy technicznej, GDDP Warszawa 1995

• Generalny pomiar ruchu na sieci dróg krajowych – Transprojekt Warszawa 2000

• Komentarz do warunków technicznych jakim powinny odpowiadać drogi publiczne i ich

usytuowanie, cz.1: Wprowadzenie, Transprojekt Warszawa 2000

• Prognozy ruchu na sieci dróg krajowych – Transprojekt Warszawa 2001

• Komentarz do warunków technicznych jakim powinny odpowiadać drogi publiczne i ich

usytuowanie, cz.2: Zagadnienia techniczne, Transprojekt Warszawa 2002




SOCIAL FUND

• Postaw na rower – podręcznik projektowania przyjaznej dla rowerów infrastruktury, CROW

oraz ZG PKE, Kraków 1999

• Raport międzyresortowego, interdyscyplinarnego zespołu ds. wyboru lokalizacji lotniska

centralnego dla Polski. Warszawa 2003

• Datka S., Suchorzewski W., Tracz M. „Inżynieria ruchu”, WKiŁ Warszawa 1999

• Gawlikowski A. „Ulica w strukturze miasta”, Wydawnictwa Politechniki Warszawskiej 1992

• Grzywacz W., Wojciechowska K., Rydzkowski W. „Polityka transportowa”, Wydawnictwo

Uniwersytetu Gdańskiego 1994

• Komar Z., Wolek Cz. „Inżynieria ruchu drogowego. Wybrane zagadnienia”, Skrypt Politechniki

Wrocławskiej 1994

• Sambor A. „Priorytety w ruchu dla pojazdów komunikacji miejskiej”, IGKM 1999

• Tracz M., Allsop „Skrzyżowania z sygnalizacją świetlną”, WKiŁ Warszawa 1990

• Guzik J., Leśko M. „Sterowanie ruchem drogowym – sygnalizacja świetlna i detektory ruchu

pojazdów”, Wydawnictwo Politechniki Śląskiej, Gliwice 2000

• Guzik J., Leśko M. „Sterowanie ruchem drogowym – sterowniki i systemy sterowania i

nadzoru ruchu”, Wydawnictwo Politechniki Śląskiej, Gliwice 2000

• Leśko M. „Porty lotnicze, pola wzlotów i urządzenia nawigacyjne”, Wydawnictwo Politechniki

Śląskiej, Gliwice 1987

• Leśko M., Pasek M. „Porty lotnicze, wybrane zagadnienia inżynierii ekologicznej”,

Wydawnictwo Politechniki Śląskiej, Gliwice 1997

• Leśko M., Perkowski T. „Porty lotnicze, podstawy projektowania lotnisk śmigłowcowych”,

Wydawnictwo Politechniki Śląskiej, Gliwice 2000

• Kozieł S. „Lotniskowe nawierzchnie betonowe”, WKiŁ 1972

• Mroczek H. W. „Encyklopedia budowy lotnisk” Skrypt PK, Kraków 1971

• Traffic Calming

Other materials (Web sites, older books)

www.trafficcalming.org

• Walkable Communities www.walkable.org

• Aircraft Technical Data & Specifications www.airliners.net/info

• Generalna Dyrekcja Dróg Krajowych i Autostrad www.gddkia.gov.pl

• Lotnicze systemy nawigacyjne www.heading.pata.pl

http://www.trafficcalming.org/�

http://www.walkable.org/�

http://www.airliners.net/info�

http://www.gddkia.gov.pl/�

http://www.heading.pata.pl/�




SOCIAL FUND

• Ministerstwo Infrastruktury www.mi.gov.pl

• Urząd Lotnictwa Cywilnego www.ulc.gov.pl

• Agencja Ruchu Lotniczego www.pata.pl

• PPL www.polish-airports.com

• LOT www.lot.com.pl

• Lotnictwo www.rav.pol.pl

• Araszkiewicz W. „Budowa lotnisk, drogi lotnicze”, PWN 1958

• Araszkiewicz W. „Zagadnienia z transportu lotniczego”, PWN 1958

• Araszkiewicz W. „Zagadnienia z budownictwa lotniskowego”, PWN 1959

• Araszkiewicz W. „Budowle pola wzlotów”, PWN 1959

• Araszkiewicz W. „Budynki lotniskowe”, PWN 1963

The Authors (leading course RSA):

Maciej Kruszyna, PhD (lecture) 1.04 H3, 071 320 45 39, [email protected]

Krzysztof Gasz, PhD, Łukasz Skotnicki, PhD (project)

1.03 H3, 071 320 45 38, [email protected] [email protected]

Current consultation on http://i14odt.iil.pwr.wroc.pl/zdil/

http://www.mi.gov.pl/�

http://www.ulc.gov.pl/�

http://www.pata.pl/�

http://www.polish-airports.com/�

http://www.lot.com.pl/�

http://www.rav.pol.pl/�

mailto:[email protected]�



http://i14odt.iil.pwr.wroc.pl/zdil/�

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