Civil Engineer-

Civil Engineer - Build The NationSunday, July 10, 2011

Weight Kilogram per Meter of TMT Bars as per ISI standards

Below is the sectional weight kilogram per meter of TMT Bars as per ISI standards

Size Sectional Weight (kg/m)8MM 0.39510MM 0.61712MM 0.89016MM 1.58020MM 2.47025MM 3.86028MM 4.83032MM 6.31036MM 7.99040MM 9.850

Posted by sarvesh9984 at 2:02 AM 1 comment:Email This BlogThis! Share to Twitter Share to Facebook

STEEL BRANDS

Steel Brands

1] Steel Authority of India Ltd (SAIL)

2] Rashtriya Ispat Nigam Ltd (RINL)

3] Tata

4] Essar Steel

5] Rathi Tmt Bars (Rathi TMT)

6] Elegant TMT Bars

7] Rashtriya TMT Bars

8] Prime Gold TMT

9] SEL TMT FE 500 +

10] Capital Ispat Ltd (Angle & Channel)

11] Amba TMT & Structures

12] Rana Angle & Channel

13] K.L Steel (Angle & Channel)

14] Sam Angles

15] Jaibharat TMT & Angles

16] Structure from Raipur

17] Structure/flat from Mandi Gobindgarh

Posted by sarvesh9984 at 2:00 AM No comments:Email This BlogThis! Share to Twitter Share to Facebook

Mix Design for M-40 Concrete

The mix design M-40 grade for Pier (Using Admixture – Fosroc) provided here is for reference purpose only. Actual site conditions vary and thus this should be adjusted as per the location and other factors.

Parameters for mix design M40

Grade Designation = M-40Type of cement = O.P.C-43 gradeBrand of cement = Vikram ( Grasim )Admixture = Fosroc ( Conplast SP 430 G8M )

Fine Aggregate = Zone-IISp. Gravity Cement = 3.15Fine Aggregate = 2.61Coarse Aggregate (20mm) = 2.65Coarse Aggregate (10mm) = 2.66Minimum Cement (As per contract) = 400 kg / m3

Maximum water cement ratio (As per contract) = 0.45

Mix Calculation: -

1. Target Mean Strength = 40 + (5 X 1.65) = 48.25 Mpa

2. Selection of water cement ratio:-Assume water cement ratio = 0.4

3. Calculation of cement content: -Assume cement content 400 kg / m3

(As per contract Minimum cement content 400 kg / m3)

4. Calculation of water: -400 X 0.4 = 160 kg Which is less than 186 kg (As per Table No. 4, IS: 10262)Hence o.k.

5. Calculation for C.A. & F.A.: – As per IS : 10262 , Cl. No. 3.5.1

V = [ W + (C/Sc) + (1/p) . (fa/Sfa) ] x (1/1000)

V = [ W + (C/Sc) + {1/(1-p)} . (ca/Sca) ] x (1/1000)

Where

V = absolute volume of fresh concrete, which is equal to gross volume (m3) minus the volume of entrapped air ,

W = mass of water ( kg ) per m3 of concrete ,

C = mass of cement ( kg ) per m3 of concrete ,

Sc = specific gravity of cement,

(p) = Ratio of fine aggregate to total aggregate by absolute volume ,

(fa) , (ca) = total mass of fine aggregate and coarse aggregate (kg) per m3 ofConcrete respectively, and

Sfa , Sca = specific gravities of saturated surface dry fine aggregate and Coarse aggregate respectively.

As per Table No. 3 , IS-10262, for 20mm maximum size entrapped air is 2% .

Assume F.A. by % of volume of total aggregate = 36.5 %

0.98 = [ 160 + ( 400 / 3.15 ) + ( 1 / 0.365 ) ( Fa / 2.61 )] ( 1 /1000 )

=> Fa = 660.2 kg

Say Fa = 660 kg.

0.98 = [ 160 + ( 400 / 3.15 ) + ( 1 / 0.635 ) ( Ca / 2.655 )] ( 1 /1000 )

=> Ca = 1168.37 kg.

Say Ca = 1168 kg.

Considering 20 mm : 10mm = 0.6 : 0.4

20mm = 701 kg .10mm = 467 kg .

Hence Mix details per m3

Cement = 400 kgWater = 160 kgFine aggregate = 660 kgCoarse aggregate 20 mm = 701 kgCoarse aggregate 10 mm = 467 kgAdmixture = 0.6 % by weight of cement = 2.4 kg.Recron 3S = 900 gm

Water: cement: F.A.: C.A. = 0.4: 1: 1.65: 2.92

Observation: -A. Mix was cohesive and homogeneous.B. Slump = 110mmC. No. of cube casted = 12 Nos.7 days average compressive strength = 51.26 MPa.28 days average compressive strength = 62.96 MPa which is greater than 48.25MPa

Hence the mix is accepted.


M-30 Concrete Mix Design

M-30 CONCRETE MIX DESIGN

As per IS 10262-2009 & MORT&H

A-1 Stipulations for Proportioning

1 Grade Designation M30

2Type of Cement

OPC 53 grade confirming to IS-12269-1987

3 Maximum Nominal Aggregate Size 20 mm

4Minimum Cement Content (MORT&H 1700-3 A) 310 kg/m3

5Maximum Water Cement Ratio (MORT&H 1700-3 A) 0.45

6 Workability (MORT&H 1700-4) 50-75 mm (Slump)

7 Exposure Condition Normal

8 Degree of Supervision Good

9 Type of Aggregate Crushed Angular Aggregate

10Maximum Cement Content (MORT&H Cl. 1703.2) 540 kg/m3

11 Chemical Admixture Type Superplasticiser Confirming to IS-9103

A-2 Test Data for Materials

1 Cement Used Coromandal King OPC 53 grade

2 Sp. Gravity of Cement 3.15

3 Sp. Gravity of Water 1.00

4 Chemical Admixture BASF Chemicals Company

5 Sp. Gravity of 20 mm Aggregate 2.884

6 Sp. Gravity of 10 mm Aggregate 2.878

7 Sp. Gravity of Sand 2.605

8 Water Absorption of 20 mm Aggregate 0.97%

9 Water Absorption of 10 mm Aggregate 0.83%

10 Water Absorption of Sand 1.23%

11 Free (Surface) Moisture of 20 mm Aggregate nil

12 Free (Surface) Moisture of 10 mm Aggregate nil

13 Free (Surface) Moisture of Sand nil

14 Sieve Analysis of Individual Coarse Aggregates Separate Analysis Done

15 Sieve Analysis of Combined Coarse Aggregates Separate Analysis Done

15 Sp. Gravity of Combined Coarse Aggregates 2.882

16 Sieve Analysis of Fine Aggregates Separate Analysis Done

A-3 Target Strength for Mix Proportioning

1 Target Mean Strength (MORT&H 1700-5) 42N/mm2

2 Characteristic Strength @ 28 days 30N/mm2

A-4 Selection of Water Cement Ratio

1Maximum Water Cement Ratio (MORT&H 1700-3 A) 0.45

2 Adopted Water Cement Ratio 0.42

A-5 Selection of Water Content

1 Maximum Water content (10262-table-2) 186 Lit.

2 Estimated Water content for 50-75 mm Slump 160 Lit.

3 Superplasticiser used 0.5 % by wt. of cement

A-6 Calculation of Cement Content

1 Water Cement Ratio 0.42

2 Cement Content (160/0.42) 380 kg/m3

Which is greater then 310 kg/m3

A-7 Proportion of Volume of Coarse Aggregate & Fine Aggregate Content

1 Vol. of C.A. as per table 3 of IS 10262 62.00%

2 Adopted Vol. of Coarse Aggregate 62.00%

Adopted Vol. of Fine Aggregate ( 1-0.62) 38.00%

A-8 Mix Calculations

1 Volume of Concrete in m3 1.00

2 Volume of Cement in m3 0.12

(Mass of Cement) / (Sp. Gravity of Cement)x1000

3 Volume of Water in m3 0.160

(Mass of Water) / (Sp. Gravity of Water)x1000

4 Volume of Admixture @ 0.5% in m3 0.00160

(Mass of Admixture)/(Sp. Gravity of Admixture)x1000

5 Volume of All in Aggregate in m3 0.718

Sr. no. 1 – (Sr. no. 2+3+4)

6 Volume of Coarse Aggregate in m3 0.445

Sr. no. 5 x 0.62

7 Volume of Fine Aggregate in m3 0.273

Sr. no. 5 x 0.38

A-9 Mix Proportions for One Cum of Concrete (SSD Condition)

1 Mass of Cement in kg/m3 380

2 Mass of Water in kg/m3 160

3 Mass of Fine Aggregate in kg/m3 711

4 Mass of Coarse Aggregate in kg/m3 1283

Mass of 20 mm in kg/m3 924

Mass of 10 mm in kg/m3 359

5 Mass of Admixture in kg/m3 1.90

6 Water Cement Ratio 0.42Posted by sarvesh9984 at 1:58 AM No comments:Email This BlogThis! Share to Twitter Share to Facebook

BIS Codes

BIS CODE : INDIAN STANDARD for Structural Engineering

IS: 800-1984 Code for practice for general construction in steel.

SP6 (1) Handbook for structural steel sections.

SP:6(5)-1980 Hand book for Cold formed, Light Gauge steel structures.

SP:6(6)-1972 Handbook for application of plastic theory in design of steel structures.

SP:6(4)-1969 Project & Construction Management for Large Industrial Projects.

IS: 206 -1992 (4th Rev)

Tee & strap hinges - Specification.

IS: 459 -1992 (3rd Rev)

Corrugated & non-corrugated asbestos cement sheets - Specification.

IS: 730 -1978 (2nd Rev)

Hook bolts for corrugated sheet roofing - Specification.

IS: 801 -1975 (1st Rev)

Code of Practice for use of cold - formed light gauge steel structural members in general building construction.

IS: 802 -1977 (2nd Rev)

Code of Practice for use of structural steel in (Part-1) overhead transmission line towers - Loads and permissible stresses.

IS: 804 -1967 (1st Rev)

Rectangular pressed steel tanks - Specification.

IS: 806 -1968 (1st Rev)

Code of Practice for use of steel tubes in general building construction.

IS: 808 -1989 (3rd Rev)

Dimension for hot rolled steel beam, channel and angle sections.

IS: 811 -1987 (2nd Rev)

Cold formed light gauge structural steel section - Specification.

IS:813 -1986 (1st Rev)

Scheme of symbols for welding.

IS: 814 -1991 (5th Rev)

Specification for covered electrodes for manual metal arc welding of carbon & carbon manganese steel.

IS: 822 -1970 Code of procedure for inspection of welds.

IS: 875 -1987(2nd Rev)

(Part 1)

(Part 2)

(Part 3)

(Part 4)

(Part 5)

Code of Practice for design loads for buildings & structures.

Dead loads

Imposed loads.

Wind loads.

Snow loads.

Special loads & load combinations.

IS:1024 -1979 (1st Rev)

Code of Practice for use of welding in bridges and structures subjected to dynamic loading.

IS:1038 -1983 (3rd Rev)

Specification for steel doors, windows & ventilators.

IS:1081 -1960Code of Practice for fixing & glazing of metal doors, windows and ventilators.

IS:1148 -1982 (3rd Rev)

Specification for hot rolled steel rivet bars (Up to 40 mm diameter).

IS:1161 -1979 (3rd Rev)

Specification for steel tubes for structural purposes.

IS:1182 -1983 (2nd Rev)

Recommended practice for radiographic examination of fusion welded butt joints in steel plates.

IS:1254 -1991 (3rd Rev)

Specification - Corrugated aluminium sheet.

IS:1323 -1982 (2nd Rev)

Code of Practice for oxyacetylene welding for structural work in in mild steel.

IS:1361 -1978 (1st Rev)

Specification for steel windows for industrial buildings.

IS:1363 -1992 (3rd Rev)

(Parts 2 & 3)

Hexagon head bolts, screw and nuts of product grade C-Screw (M5 to M64)

IS:1364 -1992 (3rd Rev)

(Part 4)

Hexagon head bolts, screws and nuts of product grade A and B - Thin nuts (M1.6 to M64)

IS:1395 -1982(3rd Rev)

Specification for low & medium alloy steel covered electrode for metal arc welding.

IS:1477 -1971(1st Rev)

Code of Practice for painting offerrous metal in buildings.

(Part 1) Pretreatment

(Part 2) Painting

. IS:2062 -1992 (4th Rev)

Specification for steel for general structural purposes.

IS:3443 -1980(1st Rev)

Specification for crane rail section

IS:3548 -1988(1st Rev)

Code of Practice for glazing in buildings.

IS:3600

Part 1 -1985Part 3 -1984Part 4 -1984Part 5 -1983Part 6 -1983Part 7 -1985Part 8 -1985

Method of testing fusion welded joints and weld metal in steel.

IS:3757 -1985(2nd Rev)

Specification for high strength structural bolts.

IS:3964 -1980(1st Rev)

Specification for light rails.

IS:4000 -1992 (1st Rev)

High strength bolts in steel structures.

IS:4049 -1988 (2nd Rev) (Part 1)

Specification for formed ends for tanks and pressure vessels.

IS:4260 -1986(2nd Rev)

Recommended practice for ultrasonic testing of butt welds in ferritic steel.

IS:4351 -1976(1st Rev)

Specification for steel door frames.

IS:5504 -1969 Specification for spiral welded pipes.

IS:5872 -1990(2nd Rev)

Specification for cold rolled steel

strips.

IS:6533 -1989(1st Rev)

(Part 1)

(Part 2)

Code of Practice for design and construction of steel chimney.

Mechanical aspect

Structural aspect

IS:6623 -1985(1st Rev)

Specification for high strength structural nuts.

IS:6649 -1985(1st Rev)

Specification for hardened and tempered washers for high strength structural bolts and nuts.

IS:7205 -1974 Safety code for erection of structural steelwork.

. IS:7215 -1974 Tolerances for fabrication of steel structures.

IS:8500 -1991(1st Rev)

Specification for micro-alloyed structural steel.

IS:8629 -1977 Part (1 & 3)

Code of Practice for protection of iron and steel structures from atmospheric corrosion.

IS:9172 -1979Recommended design practice for corrosion prevention of steel structures.

IS:9178 -1979

(Part 1)

(Part 2)

Criteria for design of steel bins for storage of bulk materials.

General requirements & assessment of loads.

Design criteria.

IS:9417 -1989 (1st rev)

Welding of cold rolled steel bars for reinforcement concrete construction.

IS:12040-1987 Guidelines for development of vendor rating systems.

IS:12843-1989 Tolerances for erection of steel structures.

Free Engineering Services by IIT Alumni Ranchi Chapter

Read more: http://www.oocities.com/binay_rekha/code.htm?201013#ixzz12DyIruCQ


Sunday, July 3, 2011

PROCEDURE OF TESTING VARIOUS CONSTRUCTION MATERIALS (LABORATORY & ON FIELD TESTS)

(A) Cement:

1. Consistency Test: -

Procedure: - By using Vicat apparatus (IS: 5513-1976) prepare a neat cement paste by gauging the cement with 0.85 times the water required to give a paste of standard consistency. Potable or distilled water shall be used in preparing the paste. The paste shall be gauged in the manner & under the conditions prescribed in IS: 4031 (Part 4)-1988. Start a stopwatch at the instant when the water is added to the cement. Fill the Vicat mould 'E' with cement paste gauged as above, the mould resting on a non-porous plate. Fill the mould completely & smooth off the surface of the paste making it level with the top of the mould. The cement block thus prepared in the mould is the test block.

Immediately after moulding, place the test block in the moist closet or moist room & allow it to remain there except when determinations of time of setting are being made.

To obtained required consistency per 50 kg cement

Shall not be more than 34 liter for 1:3:6 mix

Shall not be more than 30 liter for 1:2:4 mix

Shall not be more than 27 liter for 1:1½:3 mix

NOTE 1 – Clean appliances shall be used for gauging.

NOTE 2 – All the appliances shall be free from vibration during the test.

NOTE 3 – Care shall be taken to keep the needle straight.

2) Setting Time -

Determination of I.S.T.: - Place the test block confined in the mould & resting on the non-porous plate, under the rod bearing the needle (C); lower the needle gently until it come in contact with the surface of the test block & quickly release, allowing it to penetrate into the test block. In the beginning, the needle will completely pierce the test block. Repeat the procedure until the needle when brought in contact with the test block & released as described above, fails to pierce the block beyond 5.0 ± 0.5 mm measured from the bottom of the mould. The period elapsing between the time when water is added to the cement & the time at which the needle fails to pierce the test block to a point

5.0 ± 0.5 mm measured from the bottom of the mould shall be the I.S.T.

Determination of F.S.T.: - Replace the needle (C) of the Vicat apparatus by the needle with annular attachment (F). The cement shall be considered as finally set when, upon applying the needle gently to the surface of the test block, the needles makes an impression thereon, while the attachment fails to do so shall be the final setting time. In the event of a scum forming on the surface of the test block, use the underside of the block for the determination.

(B) Aggregates: -

1. Aggregate Impact Value –

Apparatus – The apparatus shall be consists of the following.

(a) An Impact Testing Machine complying with the following:

(1) Total Wt. not more than 60 kg nor less than 45 kg.

(2) The machine shall have a metal base weighing between 22 & 30 kg with a plane lower surface of not less than 30 cm diameter, & shall be supported on a level & plane concrete or stone block or floor at least 45 cm thick. The machine shall be prevented from rocking either by fixing it to the block or floor or by supporting it on a level & plane metal plate cast into the surface of the block or floor.

(3) A cylindrical steel cup of internal dimensions:

Diameter: 102 mm; Depth: 50 mm.

And not less than 6.3 mm thick with it's inner surface case-hardened, that can be rigidly fastened at the centre of the base & easily removed for emptying.

(4) A metal tub or hammer weighing 13.5 to 14.0 kg, the lower end of which shall be cylindrical in shape, 100 mm in diameter & 50 mm long, with 2 mm chamfer at the lower edge, & case-hardened. The hammer shall slide freely vertical guides so arranged that the lower (Cylindrical) part of the hammer is above & concentric with the cup.

(5) Means for raising the hammer & allowing it to fall freely between the vertical guides from a height of 380 ± 5.0 mm on to the test sample in the cup, & means for adjusting the height of fall within 5 mm.

(6) Means for supporting the hammer whilst fastening or removing the cup.

(b) Sieves – The IS Sieves of sizes 12.5, 10 & 2.36 mm.

(c) Measure – A cylindrical metal measure, tarred to the nearest gram, of sufficient rigidity to retain its form under rough usage, & of the following internal dimensions:

Diameter: 75 mm; Depth: 50 mm.

(d) Tamping Rod – A straight metal Tamping rod of circular cross section

10 mm in diameter & 230 mm long, rounded at one end.

(e) Balance – A balance of capacity not less than 500 gm, readable & accurate to 0.1 gm.

(f) Oven – A well-ventilated oven, thermostatically controlled to maintain a temperature of 100°C to 110°C

Preparation of Test sample –

The test sample shall consists of aggregate the whole of which passes a 12.5 mm IS Sieve and is retained on a 10 mm IS Sieve. The aggregate comprising the test sample shall be dried in an oven for a period of

4 hrs. at a temperature of 100°C to 110°C and cooled.

The measure shall be filled bout 1/3rd full with the aggregate & tamped with 45 strokes of the rounded end of the tamping rod. A further similar quantity of aggregate shall be added & a further tamping of 25 strokes given. The measure shall finally be filled to overflowing, tamped 25 times & the surplus aggregate struck off, using the tamping rod as a straight edge. The net wt. of aggregate in measure shall determined to the nearest gram (Wt. A) & this wt. of aggregate shall be used for the duplicate test on the same material.

Test Procedure –

1. The impact machine shall rest without wedging or packing upon the level plate, block or floor, so that it is rigid & the hammer guide columns are vertical.

2. The cup shall be fixed firmly in position on the machine & the whole of the test sample placed in it & compacted by a single tamping of 25 strokes of the tamping rod.3. The hammer shall be raised until its lower face is 380 mm above the upper surface of the aggregate in the cup, and allowed fall freely on to the aggregate. The test sample shall be subjected to a total of 15 such blows each being delivered at an interval of not less than 1 sec.4. The crushed aggregate shall then be removed from the cup & the whole of it sieved on the 2.36 mm IS sieve until no further significant amount passes in one minute. The fraction passing the sieve shall be weighed to an accuracy of 0.1 gm (Wt. B). The fraction retained on the sieve shall also be weighed (Wt. C) and, if the total wt. (B+C) is less than the initial weight (Wt. A) by more than 1 gm. The result shall be discarded & a fresh test made. Two tests shall be made.

Calculation: -

The ratio of the wt. of fines formed to the total sample wt. in each test shall be expressed as a percentage (%), The result being recorded to the first decimal place:

Aggregate Impact Value = (B/A) X 100

Where; B = wt. of fraction passing 2.36 mm IS Sieve, and

A = wt. of oven dried sample.

2) Aggregate Abrasion Value – (Using Los Angeles machine)

Apparatus –

(a) Los Angeles machine: - The Los Angeles abrasion testing machine, confirming in all its essential characteristics to the design shall be used. The

machine shall consists of a hollow steel cylinder, closed at both ends having an inside diameter of 700 mm and an inside length of 500 mm. The cylinder shall be mourned on stub shaft attached to the ends of cylinders but not entering it & shall be mounted in such a manner that it may be rotated about its axis in a horizontal position. An opening in the cylinder shall be closed dust tight with a removable cover bolted in place. The cover shall be so designed as to maintain the cylindrical contour of the interior surface unless the shelf is so located that the charge will not fall on the cover or come in the contact with it during the test. A removable steel shelf, projecting radially 88 mm into the cylinder & extending its full length shall be mounted along one element of the interior surface of the cylinder. The shelf shall be of such thickness & so mounted by bolts or other approved means as to be firm & rigid. The position of the shelf shall be such that the distance from the shelf to the opening, measured along the circumference of the cylinder in the direction of rotation, shall be not less than 1250 mm.

The abrasive charge, depending upon the grading of the test sample a described below:

Grading No. of spheres Wt. of charge (gm)A 12 5000 ± 25B 11 4584 ± 25C 8 3330 ± 20D 6 2500 ± 15E 12 5000 ± 25F 12 5000 ± 25G 12 5000 ± 25

(b) Test Sample – The test sample shall consists of clean aggregate which has been dried in an oven at 105 to 110°C to substantially constant wt. and shall conform to one of the grading shown in table below. The grading or gradings used shall be those most nearly representing the aggregate furnished for the work.

NOTE – It is recognized that different specification limits may be required for gradings E, F & G than for A, B, C & D. It is urged that investigations be conducted to determine the relationship, if any, which exist between result for these coarse gradings using the

10,000 gm sample & the finer ones using the 5000 gm sample.

TABLE – II GRADINGS OF TEST SAMPLE

Sieve Size

(Square Hole)Weight in gm of Test Sample for grade

Passing

(mm)

Retained on

(mm)A B C D E F G

80 63 --- --- --- --- 2500* --- ---63 50 --- --- --- --- 2500* --- ---50 40 --- --- --- --- 5000* 5000* ---40 25 1250 --- --- --- --- 5000* 5000*25 20 1250 --- --- --- --- --- 5000*20 12.5 1250 2500 --- --- --- --- ---12.5 10 1250 2500 --- --- --- --- ---10 6.3 --- --- 2500 --- --- --- ---6.3 4.75 --- --- 2500 --- --- --- ---4.75 2.36 --- --- --- 5000 --- --- ---

* - Tolerance of ±2 percent permitted.

Procedure –

1. The test sample & the abrasive charge shall be placed in the Los Angeles Abrasion testing machine & the machine rotated at a speed of 20 to 33 rev/min. For gradings A, B, C & D, the machine shall be rotated for 500 revolutions; for gradings E, F & G, it shall be rotated for 1000 revolutions. The machine shall be so driven & so counter balanced as to maintain a substantially uniform peripheral speed. If an angle is used as the shelf, the machine shall be rotated in such a direction that the charge is caught on the outside surface of the angle. At the

completion of the test, the material shall be discharged from the machine & a preliminary separation of the sample made on a sieve coarser than the 1.7 mm IS Sieve. The finer portion shall then be sieved on a 1.7 mm IS Sieve in the manner described in 2.3 Part I of this standard. 2. The material coarser than the 1.7 mm IS Sieve shall be washed dried in an oven at 105°C to 110°C to a substantially constant weight & accurately weighed to the nearest gram.

NOTE – Attention is called to the fact that valuable information concerning the uniformity of the sample under test may be obtained by determining the loss after 100 revolutions. When this determination is made, care should be taken to avoid loss of any part of the sample; the entire sample; including the dust of abrasion, shall be returned to the testing machine for the completion of the test.

Reporting of result –

The difference between the original weight & the final weight of the test sample shall be expressed as a percentage of the original weight of the test sample. This value shall be reported as the percentage of wear.

(C) Natural Sand: -

DETERMINATION OF MATERIALS FINER THAN 75 MICRON

IS: 2386 (Part – I) – 1963.

Object –

This method of test deals with the procedure for determining the total quantity of material finer than 75 micron IS Sieve in aggregates by washing.

NOTE – Clay particles that are disposed by wash water as well as water soluble materials will be removed from the aggregate during the test.

Apparatus –

(a) Balance – The balance or scale shall be of sufficient capacity & sensitivity and shall have an accuracy of 0.1% of the weight of the test sample.

(b) Sieve – A nest of two sieves, the lower being 75 micron IS Sieve and the upper approximately 1.18 mm IS Sieve [see IS : 460-1962 Specification for test Sieves (Revised)].

(c) Container – A pan or vessel of size sufficient to contain the sample covered with water & to permit of vigorous agitation without inadvertent loss of any part of the sample or water.

(d) Oven – An oven of sufficient size capable of maintaining an uniform temperature of 110°C ± 5°C.

Sample –

The test sample shall be selected from material which has been thoroughly mixed & which contains sufficient moisture to prevent segregation. A representative sample, sufficient to sample, sufficient to yield not less than the appropriate weight of dried material, as shown below, shall be selected:

Maximum Nominal size of aggregate

In (mm)

Approximate minimum weight of sample in (gm)

4.75 50010.0 200020 2500

40 or over 5000

Procedure –

(1) The test sample shall be dried to constant weight at a temperature of 110°C ± 5°C & weighed to the nearest 0.1%.

(2) The test sample after being dried & weighed shall be placed in the container & sufficient water added to cover it. The contents of the container shall be agitated vigorously.

(3) The agitation shall be sufficiently vigorous to result in the complete separation from the coarse particles of all particles finer than 75 micron & bring the fine material into suspension.

Care should be taken to avoid, as much as possible, the decantation of the coarse particles of the sample. The operation shall be repeated until the wash water is clear.

(4) The wash water containing the suspended & dissolve solids shall be immediately poured over the nested sieves arranged with the coarser sieve on the top.

(5) All material retained on the nested sieves shall be returned to the wash sample. The wash aggregate shall dried to constant weight at a temperature not exceeding 110°C and weighed to the nearest 0.1%.

Calculation –

The amount of material passing the 75 micron IS Sieve shall be calculated as follows:

A = [(B-C) / B] X 100

Where,

A = percentage of material finer than 75 micron.

B = original dry weight, and

C = dry weight after washing.

% Passing w.e.f. IS Sieve (Grading zones)

DesignationGrading Zones

Zone I Zone II Zone III Zone IV10 mm 100% 100% 100% 100%

4.75 mm 90%-100%90%-100%

90%-100% 95%-100%

2.36 mm 60%-95%75%-100%

85%-100% 95%-100%

1.18 mm 30%-70% 55%-90% 75%-100% 90%-100%600µ 15%-34% 35%-59% 60%-79% 15%-50%300 µ 5%-20% 8%-30% 12%-40% 15%-50%150 µ 0%-10% 0%-10% 0%-10% 0%-10%

NOTE – Grade - IV shall not be used in RCC.

(D) Concrete -

Workability of concrete (Slump Test)

Placing conditionsDegree of

WorkabilitySlump in

(mm)Blinding concrete;

Shallow sections;

Pavement using paversVery low IS 1199

Mass concrete;

Lightly reinforced sections in slabs, beams, walls, columns;

Floors;

Hand placed pavements; Canal lining;

Strip footings Low 25 – 75

Heavily reinforced sections in slabs, beams, walls, columns;

Slip form work; Medium 50 – 100

Pumped concrete75 – 100

Trench fill;

In situ piling

Tremie concrete

High

Very high

100 – 150

IS 9103

DescriptionSlump in (mm)

With vibrator

Without vibrator

Plain Cement Concrete

Mass concrete in foundation, footings, retaining walls & pavements

Thin section of flooring less than 75 mm thick

10 – 25

25 – 40

50 – 75

75 – 100Reinforced Cement Concrete

Mass concrete in RCC foundations, footings,

retaining walls10 – 25 80

Beams, slabs, & columns

Simply reinforced

Thin RCC section or section with congested steel

25 – 40

40 – 50

100 – 125

125 – 150

(E) Bricks: -

TYPES OF BURNT BRICKS AND THEIR USES

Class Nature Surface Hardness Uses

First Class

Sound, Well Burnt,

Rectangular

Clean, Smooth, no

cracksVery Hard

Face – worked structures

Second class

Well burnt but with irregular

shape

Spots on surface

Hard Ordinary structure

Third class

Under BurntRough & distorted

edgesSlightly soft

Buildings not subjected to heavy

rainsFourth class

Over Burnt Irregular Very HardConcrete for foundations

Compressive strength of Bricks: -

The compressive strength of Brick is measure of its ability to withstand compressive strength.

The brick is placed between thin plywood sheets & inserted between the plates of the testing machine. The upper plate is screwed by hand wheel provided at the top of the machine. The load is applied beneath the plate by pumping oil to a hydraulic ram. The amount of pressure is read on the dial of the machine.

The compressive strength of engineering bricks, building bricks & good clay bricks are 7000 to 10,000; 2000 to 4000; 4000 lbs. per sq. ft.

Water absorption test –

It is the measure of the quantity of water absorbed by a brick when immersed in water.

The brick is weighed in room temperature when completely dry. Let the weight be 'W1'. Next the brick is kept immersed in water for 24 hrs. again at room temperature & then weighed. Let the weight be 'W2'. After this, the brick is boiled in water for 5 hrs. & cooled in water overnight & weighed. Let the weight be 'W3'.

Saturation coefficient is given by:

(W2 – W 1)

(W3 – W1)

Water absorption, percent by weight is given by

(W2 – W 1) X 100

W

Efflorescence Test for Bricks:

The end of the specimen is immersed in water contained in a dish up to a depth of 2.5 cm & allowed to remain in this condition. Part of water is absorbed by the brick & the remaining is evaporated. The brick is taken out & when it appears dry, the same procedure is repeated. After second evaporation the brick is examined for efflorescence & the conclusions are drawn as follows:

(a) No efflorescence in absence of any visible deposit.

(b) Slight efflorescence, moderate efflorescence, heavy efflorescence are indicated by deposit cover 10%, 25% & 50% of the covered area of the brick surface, respectively.

CPVC – Chlorinated Polyvinyl Chloride.

It is a thermoplastic pipe & fitting material made of compounds.

CPVC products are specifically used for potable water distribution & corrosive fluid handling industry etc. It is a very cost-effective system.

MICROSILICA – It is found from natural deposit in New Zealand. It is a highly reactive pozzolan. Like silica fume, it is very fine amorphous product.

When MICROSILICA is added with Portland cement, it gives better performance such that it provides very low chloride iron diffusion & it gives better performance such that it provides very low chloride iron diffusion & it increases the compressive strength.

Posted by sarvesh9984 at 9:03 AM No comments:

Email This BlogThis! Share to Twitter Share to Facebook

Newer Posts Older Posts Home

Subscribe to: Posts (Atom)Followers

About Mesarvesh9984View my complete profileSARVESH. Travel template. Template images by pollux. Powered

by Blogger.

Civil Engineer-

Documents

Transcript of Civil Engineer-